APPENDICES (Abridged Version) Aboriginal Health and Wellness Plan 2002/03 – 2005/06 Interior Health Authority Submitted to the Ministries of Health Services and Health Planning Original: September 2002 Revised: February 2003 Submitted by Interior Health Authority in Partnership with the Interior Health Aboriginal Health and Wellness Advisory Committe 1 APPENDICES to the INTERIOR HEALTH ABORIGINAL HEALTH AND WELLNESS PLAN 2002/03-2005/06 LIST OF APPENDICES: APPENDIX A: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ABORIGINAL PEOPLES IN CANADA APPENDIX B: TERMINOLOGY APPENDIX C: COPY OF “ABORIGINAL HEALTH CARE ISSUES” APPENDIX D: COPY OF DRAFT GOALS AND STRATEGIES DEVELOPED BY THE OKANAGAN SIMILKAMEEN HEALTH REGION, ABORIGINAL HEALTH WORKING GROUP APPENDIX E: COPY OF THE KTUNAXA KINBASKET TRIBAL COUNCIL AND EAST KOOTENAY HEALTH AUTHORITIES: MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING “HEALTHY PEOPLE IN HEALTHY FAMILIES IN HEALTHY COMMUNITIES” APPENDIX F: COPY OF LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER ALL FIRST NATIONS COUNCIL REPORT ON AN ABORIGINAL COMMUNITY CAPACITY BUILDING PROJECT APPENDIX G: MAP OF INTERIOR HEALTH APPENDIX H: LIST OF ABORIGINAL ORGANIZATIONS AND COMMUNITITES WITHIN THE INTERIOR HEALTH BOUNDARY APPENDIX I: LIMITATIONS OF DATA SOURCES APPENDIX J: INDIAN RESERVE POPULATION COUNTS WITHIN THE INTERIOR HEALTH APPENDIX K: STATUS INDIAN AND OTHER POPULATION COUNT FOR BC BY AGE AND GENDER (BC VITAL STATISTICS AGENCY) APPENDIX L: LIST OF PARTICIPATING ABORIGINAL ORGANIZATIONS AND COMMUNITIES IN THE ABORIGINAL HEALTH AND WELLNESS PLANNING PROCESS APPENDIX M: COPY OF DRAFT ABORIGINAL HEALTH PLAN BY WEIR CONSULTING (FORMER NORTH OKANAGAN HEALTH REGION) APPENDIX N: COPY OF DRAFT “SUMMARY REPORT: ABORIGINAL HEALTH AND WELLNESS PLANNING-THOMSPON/CARIBOO/CHILCOTIN HEALTH SERVICE REGION” INTERIOR HEALTH ABORIGINAL HEALTH AND WELLNESS PLAN REVISED FEB. 2003 3 APPENDIX O: LIST OF INVITEES TO THE INTERIOR HEALTH AUTHORITY REGIONAL ABORIGINAL CONFERENCE- MAY 6, 2002 AND WORKING GROUP NOTES APPENDIX P: AHWAC DRAFT TERMS OF REFERENCE APPENDIX Q: HEALTH SERVICES FUNDED/PROVIDED BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF CANADA APPENDIX R: INFORMATION GATHERING TOOL FOR SERVICES APPENDIX S: PROPOSED 3 - YEAR OUTCOME TARGETS APPENDIX T: LOGIC MODEL FOR THE INTERIOR HEALTH ABORIGINAL HEALTH AND WELLNESS PLAN, PROPOSED 3 - YEAR OUTCOME TARGETS APPENDIX U: ACCOUNTABILITY MAP - LINKING INTERIOR HEALTH OPERATIONS TO THE IH ABORIGINAL HEALTH AND WELLNESS PLAN INTERIOR HEALTH ABORIGINAL HEALTH AND WELLNESS PLAN REVISED FEB. 2003 4 APPENDIX A: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ABORIGINAL PEOPLES IN CANADA Residential Schools The first Indian residential school was established in Alderville, Ontario in 1849. In 1892, an Order in Council was passed which contained the regulations for the operation of residential schools. From 1920 onwards, school was mandatory for children aged 7-15. The schools were part of the general assimilationist policy of the government that was explicitly stated even into the 1950’s. Four churches were involved in the operation of the schools on a contractual basis with the federal government: Roman Catholic, orders, Anglican, Presbyterian, and United. It is estimated that about 100,000 children attended the residential schools, about 20 percent of the potential total of status Indian students. In the early years, the churches explicitly supported the assimilationist goals in running the schools. Thinking began to change in the 1960’s about the harm to children in separating them from their families and the increasingly evident failure of assimilation. The residential schools in Canada The residential schools in Canada separated children from their families and communities, adhered to a strict institutional regimen and religious dogma, punished children for speaking in their traditional language and subjected many First Nation children to varying degrees of verbal, physical and sexual abuse. The results of this residential school policy have left behind a very negative legacy that has contributed to dysfunctional individuals, families and communities, alcoholism and alcohol related deaths, disproportional rates of incarceration, high rates of suicide, and many troubled and angry people and communities. The positive effects of the residential schools were general academic skills such as math, reading, etc and athletic achievement. The positive effects do not appear to outweigh the destruction of First Nation families and communities, language, culture, spirituality and a sense of First Nation identity and pride. This is but one of the precedents that has led to the wide range of complicated issues and challenges that our society is facing now. Interior Health is in a better position to understand the Aboriginal history and find positive ways to address Aboriginal health. Aboriginal Peoples in Canada and the Federal Government/British Crown In providing an understanding of the past, the following is a historical look at Canada and BC’s relationship with Aboriginal peoples. (Source: http://www.cariboolinks.com/ctc/history.html) Time What Occurred INTERIOR HEALTH ABORIGINAL HEALTH AND WELLNESS PLAN REVISED FEB. 2003 10, 000 Earliest evidence of Aboriginal civilizations in British Columbia. BC Archaeological evidence found at Soda Creek in the summer of 1995 was carbon dated at approximately 4,300 years ago. Pre 30 million Indigenous people in North America colonial contact AD 1492 Columbus lands in the West Indies 1755 The British Crown established the Indian Department as a branch of the military. This department was created to foster good relations with Indians, and to cultivate military alliances with them. 1763 A Royal Proclamation by King George III promoted and clarified the rights for “native people” regarding their traditional territories and included recognition of specific Indian settlements in Quebec. 1770s- Captain Cook explores West Coast 1780s 1774 Juan Perez Hernandez lands on Vancouver Island’s west coast. 1793 Alexander McKenzie reaches the Pacific via an overland route. 1849 Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) given imperial grant to settle and colonize Vancouver Island. 1850-54 The colonial Office directs James Douglas to purchase First nations lands, first in his capacity as chief factor of the HBC, ad later as Governor of the Colony. He arranges 14 purchases, now known as the Douglas Treaties, mostly on southern Vancouver Island. 1858-64 Gold seekers flood the BC Interior. 1860s Reserves are set aside. These first reserve allocations were larger than today’s reserves, but these records were destroyed in 1871. 1862-63 Smallpox almost wipes out the Secwepemc nation. Six reserves are left with only a few members who relocate to neighbouring Bands in order to survive. 1867 At the time of confederation, the new British North America Act gave the Federal government legislative authority over “Indians and land reserves for Indians”. 1867- The Administration of Indian and Northern Affairs was handled by various federal 1996 government departments including: • Office of the Secretary of State, • Citizenship and immigration, • Mines and Resources, and • Northern Affairs and Natural Resources. 1869 The Enfranchisement Act- Encouraged, or lured, First Nation citizens to give up their First Nation status in exchange for Canadian style rights such as property rights, the vote etc. This was to encourage integration/assimilation to Canadian society. 1872 BC joined Canada, at the time the Aboriginal people in the province were the majority and still had the right to vote. The new Canadian province, BC, passed a Qualification and Registration of Voters Act of 1872 which stripped natives of the vote in provincial elections. 1874 Indians were registered in anticipation of the Indian Act. 1876 The Indian Act was passed 1881 Indian agency opened in the Cariboo 1884 An Indian Act amendment prohibits the potlatch and sundance. The law was rescinded in 1951. INTERIOR HEALTH ABORIGINAL HEALTH AND WELLNESS PLAN REVISED FEB. 2003 1891 St. Joseph’s Mission south of Williams Lake, three generations of Chilcotin, Carrier and Shuswap were taken there in an attempt to make ‘good British subjects’ out of them. 1910 Interior Tribes in BC meet in Spences Bridge to present their views to Sir Wilfrid Laurier, then Prime Minister of Canada, on wanting to settle the land and Aboriginal rights issue. The tribes were the Nl’kapmux, Stl’atl’imx, Okanagan, Tsilqht’in, and Secwepemc. The tribes signed the Sir Wilfrid Laurier Memorial. Laurier promised to take Native issues to privy council for resolution, his defeat in the 1911 election ended that initiative. 1916 The McKenna McBride Commission ruled the size of existing Indian reserves could be unilaterally reduced if Ottawa would obtain consent from the natives, and that other lands would be added. The Native withheld consent stating the lands to be added were almost worthless. The provincial total amount of reserve land shrunk significantly. This led to the “Cut-Off Lands” referred to in specific land claims. 1918 Canadian Women win the right to vote in federal elections in Canada. This does not include Indian Women, or Indian men. 1920 Ottawa enacts Bill 13 which overrode the need for native consent. Canada passes the BC Indian Lands Settlement Act, the McKenna McBride Commission recommendations go ahead reducing reserve land to less than 36% of the total area of BC. Next came Bill 14, empowered the enfranchisement or removal of any Natives from ‘status’, those who went to fight in the wars, worked and lived off reserve were among those who lost their ‘Indian status’