NSWCCL Shadow Report
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NEW SOUTH WALES COUNCIL FOR CIVIL LIBERTIES Shadow Report prepared for the United Nations Committee Against Torture on the occasion of its review of Australia’s Third Periodic Report under the Convention Against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment Date submitted: 27 July 2007 Australia: Shadow Report of the NSW Council for Civil Liberties About the NSW Council for Civil Liberties The New South Wales Council for Civil Liberties (‘CCL’) is committed to protecting and promoting civil liberties and human rights in Australia. CCL is an NGO in Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations. CCL was established in 1963 and is one of Australia’s leading human rights and civil liberties organisations. Our aim is to secure the equal rights of everyone in Australia and oppose any abuse or excessive power by the State against its people. To this end CCL attempts to influence public debate and government policy on a range of human rights issues. We try to secure amendments to laws, or changes in policy, where civil liberties and human rights are not fully respected. We also listen to individual complaints and, through volunteer efforts, attempt to help members of the public with civil liberties problems. We prepare submissions to government, conduct court cases defending infringements of civil liberties, engage regularly in public debates, produce publications, and conduct many other activities. Abbreviations ABC Australian Broadcasting Corporation ACM Australasian Correctional Management ACT Australian Capital Territory AFP Australian Federal Police ASIO Australian Security Intelligence Organisation ASIS Australian Security Intelligence Service BVE Bridging Visa E (subclass 051) CAT Convention Against Torture & other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment CCL NSW Council for Civil Liberties CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women CPA Coalition Provisional Authority (in Iraq) Cth Commonwealth of Australia DIMIA Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs FCA Federal Court of Australia FOI Freedom of Information HREOC Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission HRMU High Risk Management Unit (at Goulburn Correctional Centre, NSW) ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross INP Indonesian National Police NSW New South Wales RSL Returned & Services League UNHRC United Nations Human Rights Committee US United States of America Page 2 27 July 2007 Australia: Shadow Report of the NSW Council for Civil Liberties Table of Contents 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...........................................................................................................4 2. ARTICLE 1: DEFINITION OF TORTURE..............................................................................8 2.1 THE CONTRACTING DEFINITION OF TORTURE ..........................................................................8 3. ARTICLE 2: PREVENTING TORTURE................................................................................10 3.1 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONVENTION ..............................................................................10 3.2 NARROW DEFINITION OF JURISDICTION.................................................................................11 4. ARTICLE 3: NON-REFOULEMENT......................................................................................13 4.1 AUSTRALIAN LAW DOES NOT ALWAYS PROHIBIT REFOULEMENT..........................................13 4.2 MINISTERIAL DISCRETION.....................................................................................................14 4.2.1 extradition.......................................................................................................................14 4.2.2 mutual legal assistance in criminal matters ...................................................................15 4.2.3 ministerial approval to cooperate in terrorism-related death penalty cases..................16 4.2.4 immigration and deportation..........................................................................................17 5. ARTICLE 11: CUSTODY AND TREATMENT OF DETAINEES.......................................18 5.1 IMMIGRATION DETENTION ....................................................................................................18 5.1.1 immigration detention: cruel, inhuman and degrading ..................................................18 5.1.2 general conditions in immigration detention centres .....................................................20 5.1.3 mental health crisis in immigration detention centres....................................................21 5.1.4 children in detention.......................................................................................................23 5.1.5 length of detention ..........................................................................................................26 5.1.5.1 generally.............................................................................................................................. 26 5.1.5.2 statelessness and indefinite detention.................................................................................. 27 5.1.6 privatisation of immigration detention centres...............................................................28 5.2 OVER-REPRESENTATION OF INDIGENOUS AUSTRALIANS IN PRISONS.....................................29 5.3 CONDITIONS IN NSW PRISONS..............................................................................................30 5.4 DOMESTIC COUNTER-TERRORISM MEASURES........................................................................31 5.4.1 ASIO detention................................................................................................................31 5.4.2 preventative detention.....................................................................................................32 5.4.3 treatment of terrorist suspects ........................................................................................32 5.4.3.1 adults................................................................................................................................... 32 5.4.3.2 juveniles.............................................................................................................................. 34 6. ARTICLE 12: OBLIGATION TO INVESTIGATE TORTURE...........................................35 6.1 ACQUIESCENCE AND FAILURE TO INVESTIGATE ....................................................................35 6.2 TORTURE OF AUSTRALIAN CITIZENS ABROAD.......................................................................36 6.2.1 Mamdouh Habib.............................................................................................................36 6.2.2 David Hicks ....................................................................................................................39 6.3 AUSTRALIAN SUPPORT FOR GUANTANAMO BAY..................................................................39 6.4 AUSTRALIAN INDIFFERENCE TO ABUSE AT ABU GHRAIB......................................................40 7. ARTICLE 14: COMPENSATION AND REHABILITATION FOR VICTIMS ..................42 7.1 COMPENSATION FOR VICTIMS OF TORTURE...........................................................................42 7.2 REHABILITATION OF VICTIMS OF TORTURE ...........................................................................42 7.2.1 children...........................................................................................................................42 7.2.2 victims on bridging visas ................................................................................................42 8. OPTIONAL PROTOCOL .........................................................................................................44 9. NOTES.........................................................................................................................................45 Page 3 27 July 2007 Australia: Shadow Report of the NSW Council for Civil Liberties 1. Executive Summary Let us be clear: torture can never be an instrument to fight terror, for torture is an instrument of terror. Kofi Annan, former Secretary-General of the United Nations1 1. Australia ratified the Convention Against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (‘the Convention’ or ‘Convention Against Torture’) on 8 August 1989.2 The Convention came into force for Australia on 7 September 1989. 2. Australia submitted its first periodic report under Article 19 of the Convention in 1991.3 Australia’s Second Report was submitted to the Committee Against Torture (‘the Committee’) in 1999.4 Australia’s Third Report (‘the Third Report’), submitted in 2005, is presently before the Committee for consideration,5 and is the first report since the commencement of the so-called ‘war on terror’. 3. CCL notes the comments of the former UN Secretary-General quoted above. CCL also notes the statement made by the Committee against Torture after 11 September 2001, reiterating that the obligations of State Parties under the Convention are non-derogable.6 4. As the global ‘war on terror’ has progressed, Australia has shown an increasing willingness to acquiesce in the use of torture by other nations. Australia has also demonstrated a willingness to ignore its Convention obligations to investigate, prosecute and punish torture and mistreatment.