TEI Priority Groups of Greater Western Sydney

CENSUS 2016 TOPIC PAPER

Targeted Earlier Intervention (TEI) Program Reform: TEI priority groups in Greater Western Sydney

By Amy Lawton, Social Research and Information Officer, WESTIR Ltd

2016

This work is Copyright. Apart from use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part can be reproduced by any process without the written permission from the Executive Officer of WESTIR Ltd.

All possible care has been taken in the preparation of the information contained in this publication. However, WESTIR Ltd expressly disclaims any liability for the accuracy and sufficiency of the information and under no circumstances shall be liable in negligence or otherwise in or arising out of the preparation or supply of any of the information WESTIR Ltd is partly funded by the NSW Department of Family and Community Services.

Suite 7, Level 2 154 Marsden Street [email protected] (02) 9635 7764 Parramatta, NSW 2150 PO Box 136 Parramatta 2124 WESTIR LTD ABN: 65 003 487 965 | ACN: 003 487 965 Targeted Earlier Intervention (TEI) Program Reform: TEI priority groups in Greater Western Sydney, 2016

By Amy Lawton, Social Research and Information Officer, WESTIR Limited

Introduction

In late 2015, the NSW Department of Family and Community Services (FACS) began the reform process to redesign their early intervention service system for disadvantaged individuals, families and communities in New South Wales (NSW). The reform is collectively known as the Targeted Earlier Intervention (TEI) Program.

The aim of the TEI Reform is to create a service system that is flexible, locally responsive, evidence based, adaptive and client-centred. The vision for the TEI Reform is to redesign the service system to ensure that the needs of families, children and young people are met early and that they have access to support earlier to prevent the escalation of need. The overall aims of the TEI Reform is for all children, young people and families in NSW to have a safe and affordable place to live; to live a healthy life; to learn, contribute and achieve; to contribute to and benefit from our economy; to be safe; to participate and feel culturally and socially connected; to contribute to decisions that affect them and to live fulfilling lives.

The TEI Reform considers six (6) existing FACS programs:

• Community Builders • Families NSW • Aboriginal Child, Youth and Family Strategy • Triple P • Child Youth and Family Support • Getting it Together

The TEI will eventually divide the service system into two program streams: (1) Community Strengthening and Wellbeing, and, (2) Wellbeing and Safety of Children, Young People and Families.

The target group for the TEI Reform is vulnerable children, young people, families and their communities within NSW. Within this broad target group, the TEI Reform has three priority groups:

• 0-3 year olds; • Younger parents (at least one parent is under 20 years); and • Aboriginal children, young people, families and communities in NSW.

These priority groups are not mutually exclusive, and some children, young people and their families may fall into more than one of these categories. For more information of the NSW TEI Reform, visit the FACS website.

The TEI Reform is gradually being undertaken across NSW, including the Greater Western Sydney (GWS) region. GWS is an area of growing national importance and has one of the fastest growing populations in Australia. An insight into the demographics of TEI priority areas in GWS is therefore required to inform the reform process in the region.

Aim of the snapshot

The aim of this snapshot is to explore the demographic characteristics of the TEI priority groups in GWS.

Regions and terms used in this snapshot

GWS is made up of the following 13 Local Government Areas (LGAs):

• Blacktown • Hawkesbury • Blue Mountains • Liverpool • Camden • Parramatta • Campbelltown • Penrith • Canterbury – Bankstown • The Hills Shire • Cumberland • Wollondilly • Fairfield

This paper also covers two additional LGAs, Lithgow and Wingecarribee, but are not included in GWS totals.

GWS is also compared with data for Greater Sydney, Rest of Sydney, FACS Western Sydney District, FACS South Western Sydney District and New South Wales (NSW):

• Greater Sydney and NSW are compiled from ABS boundaries. • Rest of Sydney is calculated by subtracting the totals of Greater Sydney with the totals of GWS. • FACS Western Sydney District (FACS WS District) is made up of Blacktown, Blue Mountains, Cumberland, Hawkesbury, Lithgow, Parramatta, Penrith and The Hills Shire LGAs. • FACS South Western Sydney (FACS SWS District) is made up of Camden, Campbelltown, Canterbury – Bankstown, Fairfield, Liverpool, Wingecarribee and Wollondilly LGAs.

The term Indigenous is used in this paper to classify those who identified as Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander and both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander origin. The term Indigenous household describes any household that had at least one resident of any age at the time of the Census who identified as being of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origin. Those who are non-Indigenous (individuals and/or households) did not identify with any of the origins above. Overall, these terms have been chosen for ease when comparing Census data between Indigenous and non-Indigenous households and populations.

All data tables are based on place of usual residence, unless otherwise stated.

A note about regional boundary changes

Changes in the GWS and FACS district boundaries have occurred over time due to LGA amalgamations in the region in 2016. The variables in this paper have been reconstructed in Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) TableBuilder Pro so that time series analysis can be undertaken on a regional level.

Time series analysis has been undertaken on Census data from 2006, 2011 and 2016. 2006/11 data for GWS, FACS WS and FACS SWS districts has been reconstructed following 2016 LGA boundaries to allow more accurate comparison with 2016 data – in particular, the

2 addition of Canterbury LGA to reflect the formation of Canterbury – Bankstown LGA in 2016. Please note however that the 2006/11 data does not include a small area between The Hills and Hornsby Shires that was acquired by Parramatta LGA in 2016.

Snapshot: TEI priority groups in Greater Western Sydney

TEI priority group 1: 0-3 year olds

Population

In 2016, there were 132,717 persons in GWS who were within the 0-3 years age category. This equated to 5.8% of the total GWS population. The LGA with the highest proportion of 0- 3 year olds was Camden (6.7% of total LGA population) and the LGA with the lowest proportion was Wingecarribee (3.9%).

When comparing regions, GWS had the same proportion of 0-3 year olds as FACS WS district (5.8% of total population) and a higher proportion than FACS SWS district (5.6%), Greater Sydney (5.1%), Rest of Sydney (4.5%) and NSW (4.9%) (See Table 1).

The map on page 6 shows the distribution of 0-3 year olds in GWS in 2016. The map shows concentrations of 0-3 year olds were found throughout Penrith LGA, the north-west of Blacktown LGA, the south-west of The Hills Shire and throughout Camden and Liverpool LGAs.

Table 1: Age (0-3 years old) in Greater Western Sydney, 2016

Age (0-3 Total Age (0-3 years) Age years) population (% of total (number) (number) population) Region Blacktown 21,442 336,965 6.4% Blue Mountains 3,296 76,902 4.3% Camden 5,257 78,220 6.7% Campbelltown 9,190 157,007 5.9% Canterbury - Bankstown 19,856 346,300 5.7% Cumberland 13,530 216,077 6.3% Fairfield 9,576 198,816 4.8% Hawkesbury 3,250 64,591 5.0% Lithgow 949 21,090 4.5% Liverpool 12,386 204,330 6.1% Parramatta 13,279 226,153 5.9% Penrith 11,581 196,064 5.9% The Hills Shire 7,501 157,243 4.8% Wingecarribee 1,846 47,878 3.9% Wollondilly 2,598 48,520 5.4% Greater Western Sydney 132,717 2,307,182 5.8% FACS WS District 74,805 1,295,084 5.8% FACS SWS District 60,705 1,081,069 5.6% Greater Sydney 247,054 4,823,993 5.1% Rest of Sydney 114,337 2,516,811 4.5% NSW 369,347 7,480,230 4.9% Please note that there are small random adjustments made to all cell values to protect the confidentiality of data. These adjustments may cause the sum of rows or columns to differ by small amounts from table totals. (ABS Census TableBuilder Pro 2017)

When looking at the total child population (0-14 years old), approximately 27% of children in GWS were aged 0-3 years old (See Chart 1).

Chart 1: Proportion of 0-3 year olds in total child population (0-14 years old), GWS, 2016

(ABS Census TableBuilder Pro 2017)

Changes over time

Table 2 shows how the 0-3 year old population of GWS (and corresponding regions) has changed over time. The number of 0-3 year olds in GWS grew from 110,267 persons in 2006 to 132,717 persons in 2016. This represented a 20.4% increase since 2006 and 11.6% increase since 2011. During this period however the proportion of 0-3 year olds in GWS declined from 6.0% in 2006 to 5.8% in 2016.

The comparative regions showed similar trends to GWS over this time period, however the 0- 3 year old population in GWS grew at a faster rate than the 0-3 year old populations in FACS WS district, FACS SWS district, Greater Sydney, Rest of Sydney and NSW.

Gender, Indigenous status and country of birth

Table 3 shows the gender, Indigenous status and country of birth of 0-3 year olds in GWS (and corresponding regions) in 2016. The table shows that:

• Gender: There were slightly more males (51.2% of 0-3 year olds) than females (48.8%) in GWS, with similar trends reflected in FACS WS district, FACS SWS district, Greater Sydney, Rest of Sydney and NSW.

• Indigenous status: Approximately 2.9% of 0-3 year olds in GWS identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander. This is slightly higher than FACS WS district (3.3% of 0-3 year olds) and NSW (5.4%) but lower than FACS SWS district (2.7%), Greater Sydney (2.5%) and Rest of Sydney (1.9%).

• Country of birth: Most 0-3 year olds in GWS were born in Australia (90.6%), while 4.2% were born elsewhere. The top five countries for 0-3 year olds born elsewhere were India (1,552 persons), New Zealand (433 persons), Pakistan (381 persons), Vietnam (200 persons) and Philippines (196 persons). When compared to other regions, GWS had a higher proportion of 0-3 year olds born elsewhere than FACS SWS district (3.4% of 0-3 year olds) and NSW (3.4%) but a lower proportion than FACS WS district (4.8%), Greater Sydney (4.5%) and Rest of Sydney (4.7%).

Table 2: Population change of 0-3 year olds, GWS and regions, 2006 – 2016

2006 Census 2011 Census 2016 Census Change Age (0-3 years) Age (0-3 years) Age (0-3 years) 10 year Age (0-3 years) Age (0-3 years) Age (0-3 years) 5 year change Age (% of total (% of total (% of total change 2006 - (number) (number) (number) 2011 - 2016 population) population) population) 2016 Region Greater Western Sydney 110,267 6.0% 118,870 6.0% 132,717 5.8% 11.6% 20.4% FACS WS District 62,416 5.9% 69,500 6.1% 74,805 5.8% 7.6% 19.8% FACS SWS District 54,728 6.0% 57,046 5.8% 60,705 5.6% 6.4% 10.9% Greater Sydney 218,593 5.3% 239,454 5.5% 247,054 5.1% 3.2% 13.0% Rest of Sydney 108,326 4.7% 120,584 5.0% 114,337 4.5% -5.2% 5.5% NSW 337,511 5.2% 365,752 5.3% 369,347 4.9% 1.0% 9.4% (ABS Census TableBuilder Pro 2017)

Table 3: Gender, Indigenous status and country of birth of 0-3 year olds, GWS and regions, 2016

Gender Indigenous status Country of birth Non- Born in Born Male Female Indigenous Not stated Not stated Indigenous Australia elsewhere Age (0-3 years) (0-3 years) (0-3 years) Region Number (% of 0-3 year olds) 67,927 64,791 3,914 122,376 6,422 120,243 5,638 6,832 Greater Western Sydney 51.2% 48.8% 2.9% 92.2% 4.8% 90.6% 4.2% 5.1% 38,192 36,613 2,474 68,904 3,424 67,637 3,593 3,576 FACS WS District 51.1% 48.9% 3.3% 92.1% 4.6% 90.4% 4.8% 4.8% 31,162 29,542 1,632 55,862 3,213 55,184 2,072 3,448 FACS SWS District 51.3% 48.7% 2.7% 92.0% 5.3% 90.9% 3.4% 5.7% 126,721 120,326 6,139 228,819 12,098 223,517 11,027 12,517 Greater Sydney 51.3% 48.7% 2.5% 92.6% 4.9% 90.5% 4.5% 5.1% 58,794 55,535 2,225 106,443 5,676 103,274 5,389 5,685 Rest of Sydney 51.4% 48.6% 1.9% 93.1% 5.0% 90.3% 4.7% 5.0% 189,653 179,698 19,806 330,095 19,440 337,481 12,681 19,184 NSW 51.3% 48.7% 5.4% 89.4% 5.3% 91.4% 3.4% 5.2% (ABS Census TableBuilder Pro 2017)

TEI priority group 2: Younger parents (at least one parent is under 20 years)

This section looks at Census data for parents aged 15-19 years old. Parents under 15 years old were not included as there were no cases reflected in the data.

Population

In 2016, there were 756 younger parents (aged 15-19 years old) in GWS. This equated to 0.5% of all 15-19 year olds in GWS, 0.1% of all parents in GWS and less than 0.1% of the total GWS population. The LGAs with the highest proportion of younger parents were Blacktown, Campbelltown and Lithgow (all 0.8% of 15-19 year olds) and the LGAs with the lowest proportions were Parramatta, The Hills Shire and Wollondilly (all 0.1% of 15-19 year olds).

When comparing regions, GWS had the same proportion of younger parents as FACS WS and FACS SWS districts (both 0.5% of 15-19 year olds) and a slightly higher proportion than Greater Sydney (0.4%) and Rest of Sydney (0.2%) (See Table 4).

The map on page 10 shows the distribution of younger parents (aged 15-19 years old) in GWS in 2016. The map shows that there was very little concentration of younger parents in the region, however small concentrations were found in Blacktown LGA (notably Mount Druitt and surrounding suburbs), Campbelltown LGA (Macquarie Fields/Glenfield), Cumberland LGA (Guildford/Merrylands), Fairfield LGA (Fairfield East), Lithgow LGA (Lithgow) and Penrith LGA (St Marys/North St Marys).

Changes over time

Table 5 shows how the younger parent (15-19 years old) population of GWS (and corresponding regions) has changed over time. The number and proportion of younger parents in GWS declined from 1,302 persons (1.0% of 15-19 year olds) in 2006 to 756 persons (0.5%) in 2016. This represented a 41.9% decrease since 2006 and 26.5% decrease since 2011. The comparative regions showed similar trends to GWS, however Rest of Sydney and FACS WS district showed the highest rate of decline over this time period.

Indigenous status and country of birth

Table 6 shows the Indigenous status and country of birth of younger parents (15-19 years old) in GWS (and corresponding regions) in 2016. The table shows that:

• Indigenous status: Approximately 12.8% of younger parents in GWS identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander. This was higher than FACS SWS district (9.2% of younger parents) but lower than FACS WS district (15.1%), Greater Sydney (13.8%), Rest of Sydney (16.1%) and NSW (21.7%).

• Country of birth: Most younger parents in GWS were born in Australia (76.8%), while 19.5% were born elsewhere. The top countries for younger parents born elsewhere were New Zealand (31 persons), Vietnam (16 persons), Iraq (13 persons), and Pakistan (10 persons). When compared to other regions. GWS had a higher proportion of younger parents born elsewhere than FACS WS district (13.0% of younger parents) and NSW (12.0%) but a lower proportion than FACS SWS district (27.0%), Greater Sydney (20.3%) and Rest of Sydney (22.3%).

Table 4: Younger parents (15 – 19 years old), GWS and regions, 2016

% of younger % of younger Younger parent % of younger Total number of parents in 15-19 Total number of parents in total Total population Age (15-19 years old) parents in total 15-19 year olds year old parents parent (number) (number) population population population Region Blacktown 177 23,289 0.8% 86,121 0.2% 336,965 0.05% Blue Mountains 24 4,771 0.5% 21,757 0.1% 76,902 0.03% Camden 18 5,355 0.3% 20,386 0.1% 78,220 0.02% Campbelltown 83 10,651 0.8% 41,278 0.2% 157,007 0.05% Canterbury - Bankstown 90 21,867 0.4% 85,776 0.1% 346,300 0.03% Cumberland 68 12,534 0.5% 50,359 0.1% 216,077 0.03% Fairfield 51 14,169 0.4% 51,345 0.1% 198,816 0.03% Hawkesbury 22 4,581 0.5% 17,189 0.1% 64,591 0.03% Lithgow 10 1,193 0.8% 5,779 0.2% 21,090 0.05% Liverpool 67 14,886 0.5% 50,851 0.1% 204,330 0.03% Parramatta 17 11,505 0.1% 54,161 0.0% 226,153 0.01% Penrith 91 13,034 0.7% 51,069 0.2% 196,064 0.05% The Hills Shire 16 11,257 0.1% 42,991 0.0% 157,243 0.01% Wingecarribee 18 3,036 0.6% 12,924 0.1% 47,878 0.04% Wollondilly 5 3,412 0.1% 14,008 0.0% 48,520 0.01% Greater Western Sydney 756 151,307 0.5% 586,291 0.1% 2,307,182 0.03% FACS WS District 444 82,160 0.5% 329,555 0.1% 1,295,084 0.03% FACS SWS District 340 73,376 0.5% 402,128 0.1% 1,081,069 0.03% Greater Sydney 1,060 288,366 0.4% 1,177,631 0.1% 4,823,993 0.02% Rest of Sydney 304 137,059 0.2% 591,340 0.1% 2,516,811 0.01% NSW 2,514 448,424 0.6% 1,926,271 0.1% 7,480,230 0.03% Please note that there are small random adjustments made to all cell values to protect the confidentiality of data. These adjustments may cause

the sum of rows or columns to differ by small amounts from table totals. (ABS Census TableBuilder Pro 2017)

Table 5: Population change of younger parents (15-19 years old), GWS and regions, 2006 – 2016

2006 Census 2011 Census 2016 Census Change Younger % of younger Younger % of younger Younger % of younger 5 year 10 year parent (15-19 parents in 15- parent (15-19 parents in 15- parent (15-19 parents in 15- Age change 2011 change 2006 years old) 19 year old years old) 19 year old years old) 19 year old - 2016 - 2016 (number) cohort (number) cohort (number) cohort Region Greater Western Sydney 1,302 1.0% 1,028 0.7% 756 0.5% -26.5% -41.9% FACS WS District 788 1.0% 653 0.8% 444 0.5% -32.0% -43.7% FACS SWS District 578 0.9% 447 0.6% 340 0.5% -23.9% -41.2% Greater Sydney 1899 0.7% 1,517 0.6% 1,060 0.4% -30.1% -44.2% Rest of Sydney 597 0.4% 489 0.4% 304 0.2% -37.8% -49.1% NSW 4301 1.0% 3,610 0.8% 2,514 0.6% -30.4% -41.5% (ABS Census TableBuilder Pro 2017)

Table 6: Indigenous status and country of birth of younger parents (15-19 years old), GWS and regions, 2016

Indigenous status Country of birth Non- Born in Born Indigenous Not stated Not stated Indigenous Australia elsewhere Younger parent (15-19 years) Younger parent (15-19 years) Age (number) (%) (number) (%) Region 96 647 5 566 144 27 Greater Western Sydney 12.8% 86.5% 0.7% 76.8% 19.5% 3.7% 67 377 0 346 54 15 FACS WS District 15.1% 84.9% 0.0% 83.4% 13.0% 3.6% 31 307 0 236 93 15 FACS SWS District 9.2% 90.8% 0.0% 68.6% 27.0% 4.4% 145 897 10 787 211 39 Greater Sydney 13.8% 85.3% 1.0% 75.9% 20.3% 3.8% 49 250 5 221 67 12 Rest of Sydney 16.1% 82.2% 1.6% 73.7% 22.3% 4.0% 543 1,923 39 2,126 303 93 NSW 21.7% 76.8% 1.6% 84.3% 12.0% 3.7% (ABS Census TableBuilder Pro 2017)

TEI priority group 3: Aboriginal children, young people, families and communities

Total Indigenous population

In 2016, a total of 41,887 persons identified as Indigenous in GWS, equating to 1.8% of the total GWS population. This was higher than Greater Sydney (1.5% of the total population), Rest of Sydney (1.1%) and FACS SWS district (1.6%) but lower than FACS WS district (2.1%) and NSW (2.9%). The LGA in GWS with the highest proportion of Indigenous people was Penrith (3.9% of LGA population) and the lowest proportion was found in The Hills Shire (0.5%).

The Indigenous population in GWS grew from 1.4% of the total population in 2006, 1.6% in 2011 and 1.8% in 2016. This represented a 58.2% increase since 2006 and a 27.2% increase since 2011. The GWS LGA with the largest Indigenous population growth was Camden, with a 196.5% increase since 2006 and 73.4% increase since 2011 (See Table 6).

The map on page 17 shows the distribution of the Indigenous population in GWS in 2016. The map shows concentrations of the Indigenous population were found in Blacktown, Hawkesbury, Penrith, Camden and Campbelltown LGAs. Unfortunately, the map also shows major concentrations of Indigenous people within the correctional centres of the region (notably, Parklea, Silverwater, and John Morony in Berkshire Park).

Indigenous children (0-14 years old)

In 2016, there were 14,540 Indigenous children aged 0-14 years old in GWS. This equated to 34.7% of the total GWS Indigenous population. This was higher than all comparative regions, except FACS SWS District (35.5% of total Indigenous population).

The number of Indigenous children in GWS grew from 10,302 persons in 2006 to 14,540 persons in 2016. This represented a 41.1% increase since 2006 and a 22.2% increase since 2011. During this period however the proportion of Indigenous children in GWS declined from 39.6% of the total Indigenous population in 2006 to 34.7% in 2016. The comparative regions showed similar trends over this time period, although GWS had a slightly lower growth rate of Indigenous children than Greater Sydney and Rest of Sydney (See Table 7).

The declining proportion of Indigenous children in GWS may be due to the fact that the older Indigenous age groups (particularly 65+) are growing at a faster rate than the younger Indigenous age groups. The ageing in place of the GWS Indigenous community may suggest better life expectancies in this population. For more information, please see the 2016 Census topic paper entitled Indigenous population of Greater Western Sydney on the WESTIR Limited website.

The map on page 18 shows the distribution of Indigenous children (0-14 years old) in GWS in 2016. The map shows concentrations of Indigenous children were found in areas of Blacktown LGA (notably Mount Druitt suburbs such as Bidwill and Whalan), Camden LGA (south of Cobbitty and Leppington), Hawkesbury LGA (Pitt Town/McGraths Hill) and Penrith LGA (Castlereagh/Cranebrook).

Indigenous young people (15-24 years old)

In 2016, there were 8,500 Indigenous young people aged 15-24 years old in GWS. This equated to 20.3% of the total GWS Indigenous population. This was similar to all comparative regions, including Greater Sydney (19.9% of total Indigenous population), Rest of Sydney (19.3%), FACS WS district (20.4%), FACS SWS district (20.0%) and NSW (19.1%).

The number and proportion of Indigenous young people in GWS grew from 4,959 persons (19.1% of total Indigenous population) to 8,500 persons (20.3%) in 2016. This represented a 71.4% increase since 2006 and a 29.3% increase since 2011. The comparative regions showed similar trends to GWS over this time period, however the Indigenous young person population in GWS grew at a faster rate than the Indigenous young person population in FACS WS district, FACS SWS district, Greater Sydney, Rest of Sydney and NSW (See Table 8).

The map on page 19 shows the distribution of Indigenous young people (15-24 years old) in GWS in 2016. Unfortunately, the highest concentrations of Indigenous young people were found within the correctional centres of the region (notably, Parklea, Silverwater, and John Morony in Berkshire Park). Further information about the incarceration rates of the Indigenous population can be found at the ABS website.

Indigenous families

Table 9 shows the family composition of Indigenous households in GWS (and corresponding regions) in 2016. Most Indigenous households in GWS identified as couple families with children (44.9% of Indigenous households), followed by one parent families (30.2%), couple families with no children (10.9%) and other families (1.3%). The LGA with the highest proportion of Indigenous households identifying as couples with children was The Hills Shire (65.6% of Indigenous households), the highest identifying as couples with no children was Wingecarribee (16.0%) and the highest identifying as one parent families was Blacktown (38.1%).

When comparing with non-Indigenous households (not shown in Table 9 but available upon request), there was a lower proportion of Indigenous households in GWS identifying as couple families with children (58.5% non-Indigenous households compares to 44.9% Indigenous households) or couple families without children (15.7% non-Indigenous households compares to 10.9% Indigenous households) and a higher proportion of Indigenous households identifying as one parent families (12.5% non-Indigenous households compared to 30.2% Indigenous households).

Table 10 shows the Indigenous grandparent families in GWS in 2016. There were approximately 2,494 Indigenous households in GWS that identified as grandparent families. This equated to approximately 4.0% of GWS Indigenous households. The LGA with the lowest proportion of Indigenous grandparent families were found in The Hills Shire (0.7% of Indigenous households) and the highest proportion was found in Blacktown (5.2%). When comparing other regions, GWS had a higher proportion of Indigenous grandparent families than Greater Sydney (3.7% of Indigenous households) and Rest of Sydney (3.2%) and a similar or lower proportion compared to FACS WS district (4.0%), FACS SWS district (4.1%) or NSW (4.3%).

When compared to non-Indigenous households (not shown in Table 10 but available upon request), there was a higher proportion of Indigenous households identifying as grandparent families (4.0% Indigenous households compared to 0.9% non-Indigenous households).

Indigenous communities

A detailed snapshot of the Indigenous population of GWS (and corresponding regions) in 2016 can be found on the WESTIR Limited website.

Table 6: Indigenous population, GWS and regions, 2016

2006 Census 2011 Census 2016 Census Change Indigenous % of Indigenous % of Indigenous % of 5 year change 10 year change Indigenous status persons population persons population persons population (2011 - 2016) (2006 - 2016) Region Blacktown LGA 7,054 2.6% 8,200 2.7% 9,526 2.8% 16.2% 35.0% Blue Mountains LGA 946 1.3% 1,318 1.7% 1,823 2.4% 38.3% 92.7% Camden LGA 652 1.3% 1,115 2.0% 1,933 2.5% 73.4% 196.5% Campbelltown LGA 3,829 2.7% 4,730 3.2% 5,971 3.8% 26.2% 55.9% Canterbury-Bankstown LGA 1,870 0.6% 2,181 0.7% 2,552 0.7% 17.0% 36.5% Cumberland LGA 1,201 0.7% 1,276 0.7% 1,394 0.6% 9.2% 16.1% Fairfield LGA 1,113 0.6% 1,323 0.7% 1,483 0.7% 12.1% 33.2% Hawkesbury LGA 1,162 1.9% 1,609 2.6% 2,393 3.7% 48.7% 105.9% Liverpool LGA 2,193 1.3% 2,676 1.5% 3,012 1.5% 12.6% 37.3% Parramatta LGA 1,271 0.7% 1,547 0.8% 1,694 0.7% 9.5% 33.3% Penrith LGA 4,053 2.4% 5,387 3.0% 7,741 3.9% 43.7% 91.0% The Hills Shire LGA 364 0.3% 520 0.4% 813 0.5% 56.3% 123.4% Wollondilly LGA 759 1.9% 1,036 2.4% 1,552 3.2% 49.8% 104.5% Lithgow LGA 606 3.1% 898 4.5% 1,208 5.7% 34.5% 99.3% Wingecarribee LGA 531 1.3% 802 1.8% 954 2.0% 19.0% 79.7% Greater Western Sydney 26,467 1.4% 32,918 1.6% 41,887 1.8% 27.2% 58.3% Greater Sydney 43,512 1.1% 54,744 1.2% 70,135 1.5% 28.1% 61.2% Rest of Sydney 17,045 0.8% 21,826 1.0% 28,248 1.1% 29.4% 65.7% FACS WS District 16,657 1.5% 20,755 1.8% 26,592 2.1% 28.1% 59.6% FACS SWS District 10,947 1.2% 13,863 1.4% 17,457 1.6% 25.9% 59.5% New South Wales 138,509 2.1% 172,625 2.5% 216,176 2.9% 25.2% 56.1% Please note that there are small random adjustments made to all cell values to protect the confidentiality of data. These adjustments may cause the sum of rows or columns to differ by small amounts from table totals. (ABS Census TableBuilder Pro 2017)

Table 7: Indigenous children (0-14 years old), GWS and regions, 2016

2006 Census 2011 Census 2016 Census Change Indigenous % of Indigenous % of Indigenous % of 5 year change 10 year change Indigenous status persons (0 - Indigenous persons (0 - Indigenous persons (0 - Indigenous (2011 - 2016) (2006 - 2016) 14 years old) population 14 years old) population 14 years old) population Region Greater Western Sydney 10,302 39.6% 11,897 36.7% 14,540 34.7% 22.2% 41.1% Greater Sydney 15,819 36.4% 18,707 34.2% 23,024 32.8% 23.1% 45.5% Rest of Sydney 5,517 31.5% 6,810 30.5% 8,484 30.0% 24.6% 53.8% FACS WS District 6,338 38.1% 7,451 36.0% 9,057 34.1% 21.6% 42.9% FACS SWS District 4,411 40.3% 5,161 37.2% 6,199 35.5% 20.1% 40.5% New South Wales 53,150 38.1% 62,584 36.3% 74,275 34.4% 18.7% 39.7% (ABS Census TableBuilder Pro 2017)

Table 8: Indigenous children (15-24 years old), GWS and regions, 2016

2006 Census 2011 Census 2016 Census Change Indigenous % of Indigenous % of Indigenous % of 5 year change 10 year change Indigenous status persons (15- Indigenous persons (15- Indigenous persons (15- Indigenous (2011 - 2016) (2006 - 2016) 24 years old) population 24 years old) population 24 years old) population Region Greater Western Sydney 4,959 19.1% 6,575 20.3% 8,500 20.3% 29.3% 71.4% Greater Sydney 8,344 19.2% 10,991 20.1% 13,955 19.9% 27.0% 67.2% Rest of Sydney 3,385 19.3% 4,416 19.8% 5,455 19.3% 23.5% 61.2% FACS WS District 3,212 19.3% 4,279 20.7% 5,417 20.4% 26.6% 68.6% FACS SWS District 2,052 18.7% 2,720 19.6% 3,481 20.0% 28.0% 69.6% New South Wales 25,777 18.5% 33,390 19.3% 41,330 19.1% 23.8% 60.3% (ABS Census TableBuilder Pro 2017)

Table 9: Family composition by Indigenous household indicator, GWS and regions, 2016

Family composition / Couple family % of % of % of % of Total Couple family One parent Not Indigenous household with no Indigenous Indigenous Indigenous Other family Indigenous Indigenous with children family applicable indicator children households households households households households Region Blacktown LGA 1,296 9.4% 5,338 38.6% 5,269 38.1% 198 1.4% 1,725 13,831 Blue Mountains LGA 357 12.6% 1,485 52.6% 634 22.4% 24 0.8% 328 2,825 Camden LGA 378 12.6% 1,776 59.2% 566 18.9% 38 1.3% 240 3,000 Campbelltown LGA 853 9.5% 3,685 41.2% 3,271 36.6% 124 1.4% 1005 8,946 Canterbury-Bankstown LGA 444 11.4% 1,587 40.7% 1,140 29.3% 81 2.1% 647 3,895 Cumberland LGA 280 12.8% 806 36.9% 676 31.0% 35 1.6% 392 2,184 Fairfield LGA 221 9.5% 890 38.1% 847 36.3% 32 1.4% 339 2,334 Hawkesbury LGA 493 13.3% 2,002 54.0% 792 21.4% 23 0.6% 399 3,708 Liverpool LGA 444 9.9% 1,854 41.5% 1,491 33.3% 70 1.6% 607 4,471 Parramatta LGA 306 14.9% 730 35.5% 529 25.7% 44 2.1% 448 2,058 Penrith LGA 1,284 11.1% 5,670 48.9% 3,119 26.9% 131 1.1% 1,389 11,587 The Hills Shire LGA 164 12.0% 894 65.6% 155 11.4% 6 0.4% 157 1,362 Wollondilly LGA 338 13.9% 1,437 58.9% 435 17.8% 10 0.4% 222 2,439 Lithgow LGA 203 12.5% 733 45.2% 444 27.4% 13 0.8% 230 1,621 Wingecarribee LGA 234 16.0% 732 49.9% 324 22.1% 11 0.8% 167 1,466 Greater Western Sydney 6,851 10.9% 28,150 44.9% 18,919 30.2% 811 1.3% 7,897 62,631 Greater Sydney 12,734 12.1% 45,821 43.7% 29,300 27.9% 1,472 1.4% 15,576 104,908 Rest of Sydney 5,883 13.9% 17,671 41.8% 10,381 24.6% 661 1.6% 7,679 42,277 FACS WS District 4,380 11.2% 17,657 45.1% 11,614 29.6% 468 1.2% 5,062 39,173 FACS SWS District 2,914 11.0% 11,960 45.1% 8,082 30.4% 372 1.4% 3,232 26,547 New South Wales 36,755 12.1% 128,879 42.6% 88,841 29.4% 4,151 1.4% 44,042 302,662 Please note: This table is based on place of enumeration. (a) An Indigenous household is any household that had at least one person of any age as a resident at the time of the Census who identified as being of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origin. (b) Please note that there are small random adjustments made to all cell values to protect the confidentiality of data. These adjustments may cause the sum of rows or columns to differ by small amounts from table totals. (ABS Census TableBuilder Pro 2017)

Table 10: Grandparent families by Indigenous household indicator, GWS and regions, 2016

Grandparent families / Couple family % of % of Total % of Total Lone Not Indigenous household with Indigenous Indigenous grandparent Indigenous Indigenous grandparent applicable indicator grandchildren households households families households households Region Blacktown LGA 347 2.5% 367 2.7% 714 5.2% 13,121 13,831 Blue Mountains LGA 54 1.9% 38 1.3% 92 3.3% 2,728 2,825 Camden LGA 77 2.6% 17 0.6% 94 3.1% 2,907 3,000 Campbelltown LGA 206 2.3% 195 2.2% 401 4.5% 8,538 8,946 Canterbury-Bankstown LGA 84 2.2% 80 2.1% 164 4.2% 3,733 3,895 Cumberland LGA 26 1.2% 34 1.6% 60 2.7% 2,121 2,184 Fairfield LGA 47 2.0% 38 1.6% 85 3.6% 2,247 2,334 Hawkesbury LGA 87 2.3% 47 1.3% 134 3.6% 3,568 3,708 Liverpool LGA 103 2.3% 106 2.4% 209 4.7% 4,257 4,471 Parramatta LGA 36 1.7% 46 2.2% 82 4.0% 1,974 2,058 Penrith LGA 216 1.9% 159 1.4% 375 3.2% 11,201 11,587 The Hills Shire LGA 6 0.4% 4 0.3% 10 0.7% 1,359 1,362 Wollondilly LGA 44 1.8% 13 0.5% 57 2.3% 2,388 2,439 Lithgow LGA 103 2.3% 106 2.4% 209 4.7% 4,257 4,471 Wingecarribee LGA 37 2.5% 25 1.7% 62 4.2% 1,400 1,466 Greater Western Sydney 1,334 2.1% 1,160 1.9% 2,494 4.0% 60,140 62,631 Greater Sydney 1,960 1.9% 1,881 1.8% 3,841 3.7% 101,065 104,908 Rest of Sydney 626 1.5% 721 1.7% 1,347 3.2% 40,925 42,277 FACS WS District 817 2.1% 754 1.9% 1,571 4.0% 37,608 39,173 FACS SWS District 597 2.2% 484 1.8% 1,081 4.1% 25,474 26,547 New South Wales 6,684 2.2% 6,473 2.1% 13,157 4.3% 289,507 302,662 Please note: This table is based on place of enumeration. (a) An Indigenous household is any household that had at least one person of any age as a resident at the time of the Census who identified as being of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origin. (b) Please note that there are small random adjustments made to all cell values to protect the confidentiality of data. These adjustments may cause the sum of rows or columns to differ by small amounts from table totals. (ABS Census TableBuilder Pro 2017)

Key summary points

• In 2016, there were 132,717 persons who were within the 0-3 years age category. This equated to 5.8% of the total GWS population.

• The number of 0-3 year olds in GWS increased since 2006, but the proportion of this age category declined in the same time period.

• There were approximately 2.9% of 0-3 year olds in GWS in 2016 that identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander and 4.2% that were born in a country other than Australia. The top five countries for 0-3 year olds born elsewhere were India, New Zealand, Pakistan, Vietnam and Philippines.

• In 2016, there were 756 younger parents (aged 15-19 years old) in GWS. This equated to 0.5% of all 15-19 year olds in GWS, 0.1% of all parents in GWS and less than 0.1% of the total GWS population.

• The number and proportion of younger parents in GWS declined since 2006.

• Approximately 12.8% of younger parents in GWS in 2016 identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander and 19.5% were born in a country other than Australia. The top countries for younger parents born elsewhere were New Zealand, Vietnam, Iraq and Pakistan.

• In 2016, a total of 41,887 persons identified as Indigenous in GWS, equating to 1.8% of the total GWS population. The Indigenous population in GWS grew from 1.4% of the total population in 2006 and 1.6% in 2011.

• There were 14,540 Indigenous children (aged 0-14 years old) and 8,500 Indigenous young people (aged 15-24 years old) in GWS in 2016, representing 34.7% and 20.3% of the total GWS Indigenous population respectively.

• Most Indigenous households in GWS identified as couple families with children in 2016. There was a higher proportion of Indigenous households identifying as one parent families than non-Indigenous households.

• There were 2,494 Indigenous households in GWS that identified as grandparent families in 2016. This equated to 4.0% of GWS Indigenous households. There was a higher proportion of Indigenous households identifying as grandparent families than non-Indigenous households.