Housing in Greater Western Sydney

CENSUS 2016 TOPIC PAPER

By Amy Lawton, Social Research and Information Officer, WESTIR Limited February 2019

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Acronyms ...... 3 Introduction ...... 4 Summary of key findings ...... 4 Regions and terms used in this report ...... 6 A note about Greater Western Sydney boundaries ...... 6 Housing in Greater Western Sydney ...... 8 1. Dwelling type ...... 8 2. Dwelling structure and density ...... 9 Dwelling structure – overview ...... 9 Dwelling structure – in detail ...... 11 Population density ...... 17 Residential stability ...... 18 3. Dwelling supply ...... 20 Dwelling approvals and completions ...... 20 Sydney Greenfield Monitor ...... 23 Dwelling forecasts ...... 29 Vacancy rates ...... 32 4. Tenure type ...... 33 Dwellings owned outright and with a mortgage ...... 34 Rented dwellings ...... 36 5. Social housing and rental assistance ...... 41 Social housing waiting times ...... 41 Commonwealth Rent Assistance recipients ...... 41 6. Dwelling occupants ...... 44 Family type ...... 44 Average household size ...... 46 Dwelling internet connection ...... 46 7. Housing costs and prices ...... 51 Median rent and mortgage payments ...... 51 Weekly rent payments – in detail ...... 55 Monthly mortgage repayments – in detail ...... 56 Median sales prices ...... 57 First home benefits ...... 59 8. Housing stress...... 60 Rental, mortgage and total housing stress ...... 60 Dwelling price to income ratio ...... 65 Appendices ...... 67

Acronyms

CRA Commonwealth Rent Assistance

DPE Department of Planning and Environment (NSW)

DSS Department of Social Services (Commonwealth)

FACS Department of Family and Community Services (NSW)

LGA Local Government Area

LVR Loan to Value Ratio

GWS Greater Western Sydney

NSW New South Wales

SA Statistical Area

SWS South Western Sydney

WS Western Sydney

Introduction

Housing has become one of the biggest social and public policy issues in Australia. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of housing in Greater Western Sydney (GWS), one of the fastest growing regions in New South Wales (NSW). The paper explores 2016 Census data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) as well as other datasets where relevant. The topics explored include dwelling type and density, dwelling supply and forecasts, housing tenure, social housing and rental assistance, dwelling occupants, housing costs and stress.

Summary of key findings

The main findings of this topic paper are:

• Dwelling type: In 2016, there were approximately 798,573 dwellings in Greater Western Sydney (GWS). 94.1% of dwellings were occupied private dwellings, 5.8% were unoccupied private dwellings and 0.1% were considered non-private dwellings.

• Dwelling structure and density: In 2016, 70.3% of dwellings in GWS were low density, 13.5% were medium density and 15.3% were high density. 0.5% of dwellings were classified as ‘other dwellings’. GWS had a higher proportion of low density dwellings and a lower proportion of higher density dwellings than Greater Sydney and NSW.

• Population density: In 2016, population density in GWS ranged from 20.0 persons per square kilometre in Wollondilly to 3,337.9 persons per square kilometre in Canterbury-Bankstown. The GWS LGAs with population densities more than 1,000 persons per square kilometre were Blacktown (1,489.2), Fairfield (2,053.7), Parramatta (2,902.0), Cumberland (3,234.7) and Canterbury-Bankstown (3,337.9).

• Residential stability: In 2016, the residents of GWS had slightly higher levels of residential stability than Greater Sydney, Rest of Sydney and NSW. In 2016, 51.8% of the population had the same address five years previously compared to Greater Sydney (48.8%), Rest of Sydney (46.2%) and NSW (49.8%).

• Dwelling supply: The number of total approved dwellings per financial year in GWS increased from 15,768 dwellings in 2012-13 to 32,210 dwellings in 2017-18, while the number of total completed dwellings per financial year in GWS increased from 11,695 dwellings in 2012-13 to 23,620 dwellings in 2017-18. Roughly half of the dwelling approvals and completions between 2012-13 and 2017-18 in Greater Sydney were in GWS.

• Dwelling forecasts: Planning forecasts predict that GWS will gain 112,400 new dwellings in the next five years (2017/18 – 2021/22). This equates to 57.1% of Greater Sydney’s predicted housing growth.

• Tenure type: In 2016, 26.2% of dwellings in GWS were owned outright, 35.3% were owned with a mortgage and 30.8% were rented.

• Social housing: Most social housing allocation zones in GWS as at 30 June 2017 had waiting times for 3 bedroom properties of 10 years and over, while other

allocation zones such as Mount Druitt, Blue Mountains, Richmond/Windsor, Camden, Campbelltown and Wingecarribee reported waiting times of 5 to 10 years. The allocation zone in GWS with the lowest social housing waiting time was Wollondilly (2 to 5 years).

• Rental assistance: There were an estimated 128,673 recipients of Commonwealth Rental Assistance (CRA) in GWS in June 2018. The LGAs with the highest number of CRA recipients in June 2018 were Canterbury-Bankstown (21,656 recipients), Fairfield (19,468), Blacktown (17,190) and Liverpool (13,010).

• Family type: There were 751,751 households in GWS in 2016, with the dominant family type being couple families with children (41.6% of households), followed by couple families without children (23.0%). 12.8% of households were classified as one parent families. GWS had a higher proportion of couple families with children and one parent families than Greater Sydney and NSW. Lone person households made up 16.7% of households in GWS in 2016, lower than Greater Sydney (20.4%) and NSW (22.4%).

• Household size: The average household size in GWS ranged from 2.5 persons in the Blue Mountains LGA to 3.3 persons in Fairfield LGA.

• Dwelling internet connection: In 2016, approximately 12.0% of dwellings in GWS stated that they did not have an internet connection, higher than Rest of Sydney (9.1%) and Greater Sydney (10.4%) but slightly lower than NSW (12.7%).

• Median rent payments: The highest median weekly rent was in The Hills Shire ($560) while the lowest were in the Blue Mountains ($350), Campbelltown ($350) and Fairfield ($350). Median weekly rents for all GWS LGAs generally increased since 2006, however have begun to stabilise or even decline in recent times, particularly since the first quarter of 2018.

• Median monthly mortgage repayments: The highest median monthly mortgage repayment was in The Hills Shire ($2,500) while the lowest was in Fairfield ($1,800).

• Median sales prices: Median sales prices in most GWS LGAs have increased since 2006, peaking at around June 2017. Since the middle of 2017, many GWS LGAs have seen a general decline in median sales prices.

• First Home Benefits: The latest First Home Benefits data from 1 October 2017 to 30 September 2018 showed that 12 out of the 20 suburbs that received the highest value of First Home Benefits in NSW were in GWS.

• Housing stress: In 2016, 14.3% of total households in GWS experienced housing stress, with 31.9% of renting households experiencing rental stress, and 12.5% of mortgaged households experiencing mortgage stress.

Regions and terms used in this report

Greater Western Sydney (GWS) is made up of the following 13 Local Government Areas (LGAs) (See Map 1):

• Blacktown • Blue Mountains • Camden • Campbelltown • Canterbury-Bankstown • Cumberland • Fairfield • Hawkesbury • Liverpool • Parramatta • Penrith • The Hills Shire • Wollondilly

This paper also covers two additional LGAs, Lithgow and Wingecarribee, but are not included in GWS totals.

GWS is also compared with data for Greater Sydney, Rest of Sydney, FACS Western Sydney District, FACS South Western Sydney District and NSW:

• Greater Sydney and NSW are compiled from ABS boundaries. • Rest of Sydney is calculated by subtracting the totals of Greater Sydney with the totals of GWS. • FACS Western Sydney District (FACS WS District) is made up of Blacktown, Blue Mountains, Cumberland, Hawkesbury, Lithgow, Parramatta, Penrith and The Hills Shire LGAs. • FACS South Western Sydney (FACS SWS District) is made up of Camden, Campbelltown, Canterbury-Bankstown, Fairfield, Liverpool, Wingecarribee and Wollondilly LGAs.

All housing data is based on place of enumeration, unless otherwise stated.

A note about Greater Western Sydney boundaries

Changes in the GWS boundaries have occurred over time due to LGA amalgamations in the region in 2016. The variables in this paper have been drawn out from ABS Time Series Profiles so that consistent time series analysis for current LGA boundaries can be undertaken on a regional level. Time series analysis has been undertaken on Census data from 2006, 2011 and 2016.

Map 1: Local Government Areas of GWS (including Lithgow and Wingecarribee LGAs)

Housing in Greater Western Sydney

1. Dwelling type

In 2016, there were approximately 798,573 dwellings in Greater Western Sydney (GWS). 94.1% (or 751,735) of dwellings in GWS were occupied private dwellings by one or more people, 5.8% (or 45,994) were unoccupied private dwellings (such as vacant homes, holiday homes, huts and cabins) and 0.1% (or 488) were considered non-private dwellings (such as hotels, motels, guest houses, prisons, religious and charitable institutions, boarding schools, defence establishments, hospitals and other communal dwellings) (See Figure 1).

Figure 1: Dwelling type, GWS, 2016

Dwelling type, GWS, 2016

Non-private Unoccupied private dwellings, 0.1% dwellings, 5.8%

Occupied private dwellings, 94.1%

Source: ABS Census of Population and Housing 2016, TableBuilder Pro. Counting Dwellings, Place of Enumeration

Between 2011 and 2016, the number of occupied private dwellings in GWS increased by 138,141 dwellings (or +22.5%), unoccupied private dwellings increased by 12,545 (or +37.5%) and non-private dwellings increases by 128 dwellings (or +17.9%).

2. Dwelling structure and density

DWELLING DENSITY DEFINTIONS

Separate houses are classified by the ABS as being separated from other houses (or other buildings or structures) by space to allow access on all sides (at least 500 millimetres). This is the classification that is generally described as low density housing. Houses with an attached flat, such as a granny flat, are included in this classification, but the flat itself is included under the classification ‘Flats, Units and Apartments’.

The category of ‘Semi-detached, row or terrace houses, townhouses etc.’ describes dwellings which have their own private grounds and no separate dwelling above or below [but] are either attached in some structural way to one or more dwellings or are separated by less than 500 millimetres. This type of housing is generally described as medium density housing.

The ABS describes ‘Flats, Units and Apartments’ as all dwellings in blocks of flats, units and apartments which do not have their own private grounds and usually share a common entrance foyer or stairwell. This category is generally described as high density housing even though houses converted into flats or granny flats are included.

The category ‘Other dwellings’ includes any dwelling not classified elsewhere. This includes improvised homes, tents, sleeper out, caravans, cabins, houseboats and a house or flat attached to a shop, office etc. This category makes up a very small proportion of dwellings in GWS and is not categorised by housing density.

Source: ABS 2901.0 Census Dictionary 2016

Dwelling structure – overview

In 2016, 70.3% of dwellings in GWS were low density (528,285 separate houses), 13.5% were medium density (101,585 semi-detached, row or terrace houses) and 15.3% were high density (114,953 flats, units or apartments). 0.5% of dwellings were classified as ‘other dwellings’ (3,786 dwellings). GWS had a higher proportion of low density dwellings and a lower proportion of higher density dwellings than Greater Sydney (low: 55.7%; high: 29.2%) and NSW (low: 65.3%; high: 20.7%).

Between 2006 and 2016, dwelling structure in GWS changed in the following ways:

• The number of low density dwellings (separate houses) increased by 6.5% in this ten year period, although declined as a proportion of households, from 75.9% of total households in 2006 to 70.3% in 2016. • The number of medium density dwellings (semi-detached, row and terrace house) increased by 50.1%, with the proportion of medium density dwellings increasing from 10.4% of total households in 2006 to 13.5% in 2016.

• The number of high density dwellings (flats, units or apartments) increased by 34.5%, with the proportion of high density dwellings increasing from 13.1% of total households in 2006 to 15.3% in 2016. • The number of other dwellings increased by 7.3%, with the proportion of other dwellings remaining mostly stable at 0.5% between 2006 and 2016.

Dwelling densities varied across the LGAs of GWS in 2016 (See Figure 2):

• The LGAs with the highest proportion of low density dwellings (separate houses) were Wollondilly (93.7% of total households), Camden (92.4%) and Blue Mountains (92.1%). The LGA with the lowest proportion of low density dwellings was Parramatta (44.4%). • The LGA with the highest proportion of medium density dwellings (semi-detached, row or terrace house) was Campbelltown (17.2% of total households), while the lowest proportion were in Wollondilly (4.3%). • The LGAs with the highest proportion of high density dwellings (flats, units or apartments) were Parramatta (39.7% of total households), Cumberland (27.2%) and Canterbury-Bankstown (26.6%). • The LGA with the highest proportion of other dwellings was Lithgow (4.9% of total households), which was located outside GWS.

Figure 2: Dwelling structure, GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2016 Dwelling structure, GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2016 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% Low density housing 20.0% 10.0% Medium density housing

0.0% High density housing Proportion ofhouseholds

Other dwelling

NSW

Penrith Lithgow

Fairfield Dwelling structure not stated

Camden

Liverpool

Blacktown

Wollondilly

Parramatta

Cumberland

Hawkesbury

Campbelltown

Wingecarribee

The Hills The Shire

Blue Mountains Blue

Greater Sydney Greater

Canterbury-Bankstown Greater Western Sydney Western Greater LGA/Region

Source: ABS Census of Population and Housing 2016, Time Series Profile, Table T14

For more detail on dwelling structure, Appendix 1 contains the number, proportion and ten year trends for each GWS LGA and comparative regions between 2006 and 2016.

Dwelling structure – in detail

Low density dwellings

There were 528,285 low density dwellings (separate houses) in GWS in 2016, representing 70.3% of total households in the region. GWS had a higher proportion of low density dwellings than Greater Sydney (55.7%), Rest of Sydney (44.3%) and NSW (65.3%). There were slightly more low density dwellings in FACS SWS District (71.5%) than FACS WS District (70.5%). The number of low density dwellings in GWS increased by 6.5% (or 32,428 dwellings) between 2006 and 2016, which was a higher rate than Greater Sydney (+2.0%) and NSW (+5.2%).

The LGAs with the highest proportion of low density dwellings in 2016 were Wollondilly (93.7% of total households), Camden (92.4%) and Blue Mountains (92.1%). The LGA with the lowest proportion of low density dwellings was Parramatta (44.4%).

The number of low density dwellings decreased in four of the thirteen LGAs of GWS between 2006 and 2016. The largest decreases were in Canterbury-Bankstown (-2.6% or - 1,715 dwellings), Cumberland (-2.0% or -782 dwellings) and Parramatta (-1.2% or -447 dwellings). This suggests a degree of redevelopment geared towards medium and high density dwellings.

The strongest growth in low density dwellings in GWS between 2006 and 2016 was in Camden (+51.3% or 7,840 dwellings), reflecting the significant housing estate developments occurring in the South West Growth Area.

Medium density dwellings

There were 101,585 medium density dwellings (semi-detached, row or terrace) in GWS in 2016, representing 13.5% of total households in the region. GWS had a slightly lower proportion of medium density dwellings compared to Greater Sydney (14.0%) but higher than NSW (12.2%). The number of medium density dwellings in GWS increased by 50.1% (or 33,912 dwellings) between 2006 and 2016, which was a higher rate than Greater Sydney (+33.5%) and NSW (+40.0%).

The LGA with the highest proportion of medium density dwellings in 2016 was Campbelltown (17.2% of total households), while the lowest proportion was in Wollondilly (4.3%). Numerically speaking, however, the highest number of medium density dwellings were in Canterbury-Bankstown (18,190 dwellings), Blacktown (17,028 dwellings) and Parramatta (12,107 dwellings).

When looking at specific categories, 32.0% of medium density dwellings in GWS in 2016 (32,496 dwellings) were one storey semi-detached, row or terrace houses, while 68.0% were two or more storey dwellings (69,095 dwellings). The complete dataset on medium dwelling categories for GWS LGAs and comparative regions can be found in Figure 3 and Appendix 2.

Figure 3: Medium density dwellings (category breakdown), GWS LGAs (including Lithgow and Wingecarribee), 2016 Medium density dwellings (category breakdown), GWS LGAs (including Lithgow and Wingecarribee), 2016 Wollondilly Wingecarribee The Hills Shire Penrith Parramatta Semi-detached, row or terrace house (Two or Liverpool more storeys) Lithgow

Hawkesbury Semi-detached, row or LGA Fairfield terrace house (One storey) Cumberland Canterbury-Bankstown Campbelltown Camden Blue Mountains Blacktown

0 5000 10000 15000 Number of dwellings

Source: ABS Census of Population and Housing 2016, Time Series Profile, Table T14

Between 2006 and 2016, the number of two or more storey semi-detached, row or terrace houses in GWS (+89.6% or 32,061 dwellings) grew at a much faster rate than their one storey counterparts (+6.1% or 1,857 dwellings). Blacktown LGA had the highest numerical increase in one storey semi-detached, row or terrace houses for the region (+1,966 dwellings) while Canterbury-Bankstown had the highest numerical increase in two or more storey medium density dwellings (+6,398 dwellings). Further detail on ten year trends for medium dwelling categories in GWS LGAs and comparative regions can be found in Appendix 2.

MAP: MEDIUM DENSITY DWELLINGS

Map 2 illustrates the distribution of medium density dwellings (semi-detached, row, terrace or townhouse) in Greater Sydney in 2016. Visible concentrations of medium density dwellings were located around the suburbs of Stanhope Gardens and Kellyville in Blacktown and The Hills Shire LGAs respectively, Kingswood and Werrington in Penrith LGAs, and Bardia between Liverpool and Campbelltown LGAs.

Map 2: Medium density dwellings, Greater Sydney, 2016

High density dwellings

There were 114,953 high density dwellings (flats, units or apartments) in GWS in 2016, representing 15.3% of total households in the region. GWS had a lower proportion of higher density dwellings than Greater Sydney (29.2%), Rest of Sydney (40.0%) and NSW (20.7%). The number of high density dwellings in GWS increased by 34.5% (or 29,489 dwellings) between 2006 and 2016, which was a higher rate than Greater Sydney (+28.4%) and NSW (+21.9%).

The LGAs with the highest proportion of high density dwellings (flats, units or apartments) in 2016 were Parramatta (39.7% of total households), Cumberland (27.2%) and Canterbury- Bankstown (26.6%).

When looking at specific categories, 31.0% of flats, units or apartments in GWS in 2016 were in a one or two storey block, 34.9% were in a three storey block, 33.5% were in a four or more storey block and 0.6% were classified as flats, units or apartments attached to a house. The complete dataset on high dwelling categories for GWS LGAs and comparative regions can be found in Figure 4 and Appendix 3.

Figure 4: High density dwellings (category breakdown), GWS LGAs (including Lithgow and Wingecarribee), 2016

High density dwellings (category breakdown), GWS LGAs (including Lithgow and Wingecarribee), 2016

Wollondilly Wingecarribee The Hills Shire Penrith Parramatta Liverpool Flat, unit or apartment (in a one or two storey block) Lithgow Hawkesbury Flat, unit or apartment (in a

LGA three storey block) Fairfield Flat, unit or apartment (in a Cumberland four or more storey block) Canterbury-Bankstown Flat, unit or apartment Campbelltown (attached to a house) Camden Blue Mountains Blacktown 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 Number of dwellings

Source: ABS Census of Population and Housing 2016, Time Series Profile, Table T14

Between 2006 and 2016, the number of flats, units or apartments in a four or more storey block in GWS (+123.1% or +21,267 dwellings) grew at a faster rate than all other high density dwelling categories. Flats, units or apartments in three storey blocks grew by 26.6% (or +8,429 dwellings) while the number of flats, units or apartments in a one or two storey block declined by 0.3% (or -96 dwellings) and flats, units or apartments attached to a house

14 declined by 16.7% (-141 dwellings). This again suggests a move towards more high density development in the region, with a focus on high rise living. Further detail on ten year trends for high dwelling categories in GWS LGAs and comparative regions can be found in Appendix 3.

MAP: HIGH DENSITY DWELLINGS

Map 3 illustrates the distribution of high density dwellings (flats, units or apartments) in Greater Sydney in 2016. High density dwellings were naturally concentrated in the inner city, however notable concentrations of high density developments have appeared in new release areas and town centres in LGAs such as Penrith and Parramatta in the west and Liverpool and Campbelltown in the south west.

Other dwellings

There were 3,786 dwellings in GWS in 2016, classified as ‘other dwellings’, representing 0.5% of total households in the region. GWS had a slightly lower proportion of ‘other dwellings’ than Greater Sydney (0.7%) and NSW (1.3%). The number of ‘other dwellings’ in GWS increased by 7.3% (or +258 dwellings), but this is notably lower than the other dwelling structure types already discussed.

When looking at specific categories, 61.0% of ‘other dwellings’ in GWS were classified as ‘house or flat attached to a shop, office etc’, 29.1% were classified as ‘caravan, cabin and houseboat’ and 10.4% were classified as ‘improvised home, tent, sleepers out’. Between 2006 and 2016, the number of houses or flats attached to a shop, office etc in GWS grew by 84.2% (or +1,055 dwellings) while the number of caravans, cabins and houseboats declined by 39.3% (or -713 dwellings) and improvised homes, tents and sleepers out declined by 14.9% (or -69 dwellings).

Further detail on ‘other dwellings’ categories for GWS LGAs and comparative regions, including ten year trends, can be found in Appendix 4.

Map 3: High density dwellings, Greater Sydney, 2016

Population density

Table 1 shows the population density estimates for GWS LGAs in 2017. Population density in GWS ranged from 20.0 persons per square kilometre in Wollondilly to 3,337.9 persons per square kilometre in Canterbury-Bankstown. Surrounding LGAs of Lithgow and Wingecarribee reported very low population density (4.8 persons and 18.5 persons respectively).

The GWS LGAs with population densities more than 1,000 persons per square kilometre were Blacktown (1,489.2), Fairfield (2,053.7), Parramatta (2,902.0), Cumberland (3,234.7) and Canterbury-Bankstown (3,337.9). The range of population densities in GWS broadly reflect the distribution of various dwelling densities in the region.

Table 1: Population density, GWS LGAs, 2017 Population density, GWS LGAs, 2017 LGA Population density (persons/km2) Blacktown 1489.2 Blue Mountains 55.2 Camden 433.1 Campbelltown 527.4 Canterbury-Bankstown 3337.9 Cumberland 3234.7 Fairfield 2053.7 Hawkesbury 24.0 Lithgow 4.8 Liverpool 711.7 Parramatta 2902.0 Penrith 506.7 The Hills Shire 434.7 Wingecarribee 18.5 Wollondilly 20.0 Total NSW 9.8 Source: ABS 3218.0 Regional Population Growth, Australia, Table 1. Estimated Resident Population, Local Government Areas, New South Wales

Residential stability

The residents of GWS had slightly higher levels of residential stability than Greater Sydney, Rest of Sydney and NSW. In 2016, 51.8% of the population had the same address five years previously compared to 48.8% in Greater Sydney, 46.2% in Rest of Sydney and 49.8% in NSW. Fairfield LGA had the highest level of stability over five years (59.7%) and Parramatta and Camden LGAs had the lowest (42.8% and 43.1% respectively). The low level of residential stability in areas such as Parramatta and Camden may be due to a number of new developments in these LGAs during this period (See Figure 5).

Figure 5: Address of persons 5 years previously (selected categories), GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2016 Address of persons 5 years previously (selected categories), GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2016

70.0% 59.7%

60.0% 57.0%

54.9%

54.7%

54.4%

54.1%

53.6%

53.4%

53.0%

52.3%

52.1%

51.8%

51.2%

50.4%

49.8%

49.5%

48.8% 48.4%

50.0% 46.2%

42.8%

43.1% 41.8%

40.0% 36.6%

32.4%

31.5%

31.0%

29.9%

29.8%

30.2%

30.0%

28.9%

28.3%

28.0%

28.5%

27.8%

27.4% 27.8%

30.0% 27.1%

24.9%

24.9% 21.3%

20.0% Proportion ofpersons

10.0%

0.0%

Same address 5 years ago Different address 5 years ago

Source: ABS Census of Population and Housing 2016, TableBuilder Pro. Counting Persons, Place of Enumeration

MAP: RESIDENTIAL STABILITY

Map 4 illustrates the proportion of people in the 2016 Census who had the same address 5 years previously. More recently developed areas in Greater Western Sydney such as the Blacktown LGA in north west and Camden and Campbelltown LGAs in the south west showed areas of low residential stability (represented on the map in yellow). Levels of residential stability may also be lower in some areas due to high numbers of rental dwellings and/or high density housing.

Map 4: Residential stability (same address 5 years ago), Greater Sydney, 2016

3. Dwelling supply

Dwelling approvals and completions

The NSW Department of Planning and Environment (NSW DPE) Metropolitan Housing Monitor provides information on residential housing activity in Greater Sydney. This includes the total number of dwellings approved and completed, where dwellings are approved and built, and the types of dwellings that are being built.

Dwelling approval data showed that the number of total approved dwellings per financial year in GWS increased from 15,768 dwellings in 2012-13 to 32,210 dwellings in 2017-18 (See Figure 6). Dwelling completion data showed that the number of total completed dwellings per financial year in GWS increased from 11,695 dwellings in 2012-13 to 23,620 dwellings in 2017-18 (See Figure 7). Roughly half of the dwelling approvals and completions between 2012-13 and 2017-18 in Greater Sydney were in GWS.

Figure 6: Total Dwelling Approvals, GWS and Greater Sydney, 2012-13 to 2017-18 Total Dwelling Approvals, GWS and Greater Sydney, 2012-13 to 2017-18

60,000

55,982

54,823 52,515

50,000 46,766

40,000 39,090

32,210

31,089 30,375

30,000 29,110

26,610 19,631

20,000

15,768 Number ofdwellings

10,000

0 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Financial year

Total Approvals Greater Western Sydney Total Approvals Greater Sydney

Source: NSW Department of Planning and Environment Metropolitan Housing Monitor, 2018

Figure 7: Total Dwelling Completions, GWS and Greater Sydney, 2012-13 to 2017-18 Total Dwelling Completions, GWS and Greater Sydney, 2012-13 to 2017-18

45,000 42,529

40,000

35,000 34,412 30,191

30,000

27,348 23,620

25,000 22,750

21,318 20,339

20,000 16,141

15,000 14,571

11,695

11,410 Number ofdwellings 10,000

5,000

0 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Financial year

Total Completions Greater Western Sydney Total Completions Greater Sydney

Source: NSW Department of Planning and Environment Metropolitan Housing Monitor, 2018

A breakdown of dwelling approval and completion data into detached and multi-unit categories for the LGAs in GWS can be further explored through the Metropolitan Housing Monitor webpage. In general, total approvals and completions for multi-unit dwellings across GWS have been catching up with detached dwellings over time.

MAP: BUILDING APPROVALS

The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) also collects data on the number of building approvals in Greater Sydney every financial year. Map 5 illustrates building approvals in Greater Sydney in 2017-18. The map showed that most of the building approvals in Greater Western Sydney in the last financial year were still concentrated in the region’s North West and South West Growth Areas.

Map 5: Building Approvals, Greater Sydney, 2017-18

Sydney Greenfield Monitor

The NSW DPE also manages a Sydney Greenfield Monitor which enables the tracking of the latest State-led greenfield development across Sydney. The Monitor provides information on the estimated dwelling potential, the number of lots sold and available, and the number of completed dwellings in released and rezoned precincts.

There are two major greenfield areas that the Monitor tracks, both of which fall in Greater Western Sydney – the North West Growth Area and the South West Growth Area (See Maps 6 and 7). The priority land release precincts for each Growth Area (as of June 2018) are found in Table 2.

Table 2: Priority Land Release Precincts, North West and South West Growth Area (as of June 2018) North West Growth Area South West Growth Area • Alex Avenue • Austral • Box Hill & Box Hill Industrial • Catherine Fields (part) • Colebee • East Leppington • Marsden Park • Edmondson Park • Marsden Park Industrial • Leppington North • Marsden Park North • Leppington Stage 2-5 • North Kellyville • Leppington Stage 1 • Riverstone • Lowes Creek Marylands (parts) • Riverstone East • Oran Park • Riverstone East Stage 3 • South Creek West • Riverstone West • Turner Road • Schofields • Tallawong Station • Vineyard Stage 1 • Vineyard Stage 2 • West Schofields Source: NSW Department of Planning and Environment Sydney Greenfield Monitor, 2018

Please note, the boundaries of the South West Growth Area have changed over time to accommodate the investment and growth around the planned Western Sydney Airport at Badgery’s Creek.

Dwelling completions and net sales

Dwelling completions and net sales for North West and South West Growth Areas between September 2016 and June 2018 (See Figure 8) showed that:

• 5,975 dwellings were completed and 6,649 dwellings were sold in the North West Growth Area:

o The precincts with the highest completions were North Kellyville (1,529 dwellings), Alex Avenue (1,179 dwellings), Riverstone (1,050 dwellings), Marsden Park (1,033 dwellings) and Schofields (477 dwellings).

o The precincts with the highest net dwelling sales were Marsden Park (2,141 dwellings), Box Hill and Box Industrial (1,844 dwellings) and Riverstone (1,497 dwellings).

• 5,355 dwellings were completed and 5,842 dwellings were sold in the South West Growth Area:

o The precincts with the highest completions were Oran Park (1,614 dwellings), Edmondson Park (1,327 dwellings), Turner Road (1,034 dwellings) and East Leppington (1,006 dwellings).

o The precincts with the highest net dwelling sales were also Oran Park (1,339 dwellings), East Leppington (1,167 dwellings), Edmondson Park (1,140 dwellings) and Turner Road (1,004 dwellings).

Figure 8: Total dwelling completions and net sales by Growth Area, September 2016 to June 2018 Total Dwelling Completions and Net Sales by Growth Area, September 2016 to June 2018

7,000 6,649

5,975 5,842 6,000 5,355

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0 North West Growth Area South West Growth Area

Total Completions Total Net Sales

Source: NSW Department of Planning and Environment Sydney Greenfield Monitor, 2018

Future Dwelling Potential

The Sydney Greenfield Monitor also monitors the future dwelling potential of the North West and South West Growth Areas. The most recent figures at June 2018 showed that 141,654 lots had been released and 118,148 lots had been rezoned in Sydney’s growth areas to date. Most of the released and rezoned lots are still located in the North West Growth Area (59.2% of released lots and 61.9% of rezoned lots; See Table 3).

Table 3: Total released and rezoned lots, North West and South West Growth Areas, as of June 2018 Growth Area Released lots % of total Rezoned lots % of total (no.) released lots (no.) rezoned lots North West 83,825 59.2% 73,125 61.9% South West 57,829 40.8% 45,023 38.1% Total 141,654 100.0% 118,148 100.0% Source: NSW Department of Planning and Environment Sydney Greenfield Monitor, 2018

A breakdown by growth area precincts as of June 2018 showed that most released and rezoned lots in the North West Growth Area were in Riverstone, Box Hill and Box Hill Industrial and Marsden Park (See Figure 9), while in the South West Growth Area it was Leppington North, Austral and Oran Park (See Figure 10).

Figure 9: Growth Dwelling Potential, North West Growth Area, as of June 2018 Growth Dwelling Potential, North West Growth Area, as of June 2018

16,000

14,011 14,011 13,276

14,000 13,276

12,690 12,690 12,000

10,000

8,505 8,505 7,741

8,000 7,741 4,962

6,000 4,962

4,300

4,100

3,876 3,876

3,500 3,500

Number oflots 4,000

2,300 2,300 2,300

1,264 1,264 1,000

2,000 1,000 Released

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 Rezoned

Colebee

Schofields

Riverstone

Alex Avenue Alex

Marsden Park Marsden

North Kellyville North

Riverstone East Riverstone

West West Schofields

Riverstone West Riverstone

Vineyard Stage 1 Stage Vineyard 2 Stage Vineyard

Tallawong Station Tallawong

Marsden Park North Park Marsden

Marsden Park Industrial Park Marsden

Riverstone East Stage 3 Stage East Riverstone Box Hill & Box Hill Industrial Hill & Hill Box Box Growth Area Precinct

Source: NSW Department of Planning and Environment Sydney Greenfield Monitor, 2018

Figure 10: Growth Dwelling Potential, South West Growth Area, as of June 2018 Growth Dwelling Potential, South West Growth Area, as of June 2018

12,000 9,770

10,000 9,770

7,578 7,578 7,540

8,000 7,540

6,500

6,000 6,000

6,000

4,415 4,415

4,020 4,020

4,000 3,200

2,500 2,500

2,306 Number oflots

2,000

0 0 0 0 Released

Rezoned

Austral

Oran Park Oran

Turner Road Turner

East Leppington East

Edmondson Park Edmondson North Leppington

South Creek West Creek South

Leppington-Stage1

Leppington-Stage 2-5 Leppington-Stage

Catherine Fields (Part) Fields Catherine Lowes Creek Marylands (Parts) LowesMarylands Creek Growth Area Precinct

Source: NSW Department of Planning and Environment Sydney Greenfield Monitor, 2018

Greenfield dwelling projections anticipates that 33,000 new dwellings will be delivered in the North West Growth Area over the next ten years, for up to 250,000 people. Figure 11 shows the number of new homes that can be delivered in each of the precincts that make up the North West Growth Area up to 2036. Peak dwelling supply is expected around 2026. A similar figure for the South West Growth Area is not available at this stage.

Figure 11: Dwelling Growth (number of new dwellings that can be delivered in each precinct), North West Growth Area, 2009/10 to 2035/36

Source: NSW Department of Planning and Environment 2018, North West Growth Area – Homes and Jobs, https://bit.ly/2Qvywpf

Map 6: North West Growth Area, Greater Sydney

Source: NSW Department of Planning and Environment (through Build Sydney 2017, www.buildsydney.com)

Map 7: South West Growth Area, Greater Sydney

Source: NSW Department of Planning and Environment 2018

Dwelling forecasts

The NSW DPE also releases housing supply forecasts to provide an estimate of future housing supply over a five-year period and inform infrastructure planning, service delivery and land use zoning1.

The NSW DPE website (2018) states:

“The Department [NSW DPE] forecasts the construction of 196,750 new homes in Greater Sydney in the next five years [2017/18 – 2021/22], based on current programs and initiatives. This is a 46 per cent increase, or an extra 62,050 new homes, compared with the last 5 years [2012/13 – 2017/18] when 134,700 new homes were completed. This high level of new home construction comes on the back of record housing approvals and commencements, a strong economy, high levels of population growth, a booming housing market, and record low interest rates”.

Table 4 and Map 8 shows the housing supply forecast for Greater Sydney, including the GWS region. The NSW DPE forecasts that GWS will gain 112,400 new dwellings in the next five years (2017/18 – 2021/22). This equates to 57.1% of Greater Sydney’s predicted housing growth. Three of the five LGAs that are expected to have the highest number of additional homes built over this time period are in GWS being, Parramatta (+22,500) (first place), Blacktown (+17,600) (second place) and Camden (+12,350) (third place). This could change in the future with initiatives such as the Greater Sydney Commission’s affordable housing targets and the Western Sydney City Deal.

1The forecasts consider current residential developments that are either under construction or approved, as well as future likely development under current zoning and planning controls. The forecasts are an estimate of the number of new dwellings that could be built if current zoning and planning controls remain the same. The forecasts reflect current trends in residential construction and approval activity. These could potentially change in the future as housing development is influenced by a wide variety of economic, social and political factors, many of which can't be foreseen. The forecasts do not take account housing supply that may result from changes to government policy in the future, possible future rezonings, or state or council strategies where planning and delivery timeframes are still yet to be determined. The Department also publishes an estimate of the Implied Dwelling Requirements which is a measure of likely housing demand based on projected population growth and household formation (see the following link: http://bit.ly/2D6eWrU).

Table 4: Sydney housing supply forecast by GWS LGAs and regions, 2017/18 and 2021/222 Local Government Area Housing supply forecast % of total Greater Sydney (LGA) (2017-18 to 2021-22) housing supply forecast Blacktown 17,600 8.9% Blue Mountains 300 0.2% Camden 12,350 6.3% Campbelltown 7,000 3.6% Canterbury – Bankstown 11,950 6.1% Cumberland 10,350 5.3% Fairfield 1,600 0.8% Hawkesbury 1,500 0.8% Liverpool 7,400 3.8% Parramatta 22,550 11.5% Penrith 7,750 3.9% The Hills Shire 10,650 5.4% Wollondilly 1,400 0.7% Greater Western Sydney 112,400 57.1% Rest of Sydney 84,350 42.9% Greater Sydney 196,750 100.0% Source: NSW Department of Planning and Environment 2018 – Forecast data

2Please note: • Forecasts have been rounded to the nearest 50 dwellings. • Greater Western Sydney housing supply forecast has been calculated using the sum of all the LGAs identified in the above table. • Greater Sydney is made up of 33 LGAs (including new councils proclaimed in 2016). It includes the following LGAs: Bayside, Blacktown, Blue Mountains, Burwood, Camden, Campbelltown, Canada Bay, Canterbury-Bankstown, Cumberland, Fairfield, Georges River, Hawkesbury, Hornsby, Hunters Hill, Inner West, Ku-ring-gai, Lane Cove, Liverpool, Mosman, North Sydney, Northern Beaches, Parramatta, Penrith, Randwick, Ryde, Strathfield, Sutherland, Sydney, The Hills, Waverley, Willoughby, Wollondilly and Woollahra.

Map 8: Sydney housing supply forecast (new homes added), Greater Sydney, 2017/18 – 2021/22

Source: NSW Department of Planning and Environment 2018 – Forecast overview

Vacancy rates

SQM Research collects residential vacancy rates for NSW, including regions in Greater Western Sydney. In November 2018, the residential vacancy rate for South Western Sydney was 2.5% and for Western Sydney was 3.5%. The residential vacancy rates varied across Greater Western Sydney, with the lowest rates in Blue Mountains and Canterbury- Bankstown (2.4% respectively) and the highest rate in The Hills District (6.4%) (See Figure 12). The residential vacancy rates in Greater Western Sydney were higher than rural and regional areas of NSW.

Figure 12: Residential vacancy rates by region, NSW, November 2018 Residential vacancy rates by region, NSW, November 2018

7 6.4 6

5 4.7 4.2 4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.1 2.7 2.8 2.8 3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 2 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.1 1.3

Vacancy Vacancy rate (%) 1

Murray

Riverina

Liverpool

St St George

Tamworth

Inner West Inner

Parramatta

Wollongong

Sydney CBD Sydney

CentralCoast

Hunter Region Hunter

Blue Mountains Blue

Eastern Suburbs Eastern

The Hills The District

Western Sydney Western

Sutherland Shire Sutherland

North Coast Coast NSW North

Northern Beaches Northern

South Coast NSW Coast South

Central Tablelands Central

Lower North Shore North Lower Shore North Upper

Broken Hill - Dubbo - Hill Broken

Canterbury-Bankstown South Western Sydney Western South

Region

Source: SQM Research, www.sqmresearch.com.au. Regions in Western and South Western Sydney are coloured in orange

Residential vacancy rates fluctuate over time. To explore further, visit www.sqmresearch.com.au

4. Tenure type

Housing tenure describes whether a dwelling is owned, being purchased or rented. In 2016, 26.2% of dwellings in GWS were owned outright, 35.3% were owned with a mortgage and 30.8% were rented. GWS had a lower proportion of dwellings (26.2%) owned outright and a higher proportion owned with a mortgage (35.3%) compared to Greater Sydney (27.7% and 31.5% respectively) and NSW (30.7% and 30.4% respectively). GWS had a lower proportion of total renters (30.8%) than Greater Sydney (32.6%) but a slightly higher proportion than NSW (30.3%) (See Figure 13).

Figure 13: Tenure and landlord type, GWS, 2016 Tenure and landlord type, GWS, 2016

40.0% 35.3%

35.0%

32.6%

31.5%

30.8%

30.7%

30.4% 30.3%

30.0%

27.7% 26.2% 25.0%

20.0%

15.0%

10.0%

7.8%

7.4%

Proportion ofdwellings 7.0%

5.0%

0.9%

0.8% 0.7% 0.0% Owned outright Owned with a Rented - Total Other tenure type Tenure type not mortgage (a) (b) stated Tenure type

Greater Western Sydney Greater Sydney NSW

Source: ABS Census of Population and Housing 2016, Time Series Profile, Table T18 (a) Includes dwellings being purchased under a shared equity scheme (b) Includes dwellings being occupied under a life tenure scheme

Between 2006 and 2016, tenure and landlord type in GWS changed in the following ways:

• The number of dwellings owned outright increased by 5.5% in this ten year period, although declined as a proportion of households, from 28.6% of total households in 2006 to 26.2% in 2016. • The number of dwellings owned with a mortgage increased by 13.7%, remaining stable as a proportion of total households from 35.7% in 2006 to 35.3% in 2016. • The number of total renters increased by 25.8%, with renters as a proportion of total households growing from 28.2% in 2006 to 30.8% in 2016.

The tenure and landlord type categories are explored in more detail in the sections below. The complete dataset for tenure and landlord type for GWS LGAs and comparative regions can be found in Appendix 5.

Dwellings owned outright and with a mortgage

The GWS LGAs with the highest proportion of fully owned dwellings in 2016 was Blue Mountains (37.8% of total households), The Hills Shire (33.8%) and Fairfield (31.0%). Blacktown LGA had the lowest proportion of fully owned dwellings (21.6%). It should be noted that full homeownership outside GWS, specifically Lithgow (38.5%) and Wingecarribee (41.6%), was higher than the LGAs within the region (See Figure 14).

Between 2006 and 2016, the GWS LGAs with the largest numerical increases in fully owned dwellings were Liverpool (+2,251 dwellings; +18.8%), The Hills Shire (+2,219 dwellings; +15.4%), Blacktown (+1,838 dwellings; +8.8%); Camden (+1,819 dwellings; +45.0%) and Campbelltown (+1,309 dwellings; +12.1%). Canterbury-Bankstown was the only GWS LGA that recorded a decrease in fully owned dwellings during the ten year period (-2,071 dwellings; -6.0%). The number of fully owned dwellings in the FACS SWS District (+6.3%) grew at a faster rate than FACS WS District (+5.8%).

The GWS LGAs with the highest proportion of dwellings owned with a mortgage in 2016 was Camden (50.2% of total households) and The Hills Shire (44.7%). Fairfield LGA had the lowest proportion of dwellings owned with a mortgage (27.8%).

Between 2006 and 2016, the GWS LGAs with the largest numerical increases in dwellings owned with a mortgage were Blacktown (+6,901 dwellings; +19.4%), Parramatta (+4,786 dwellings; +25.9%) and Camden (+4,424; +54.4%). This probably reflects in part the areas of development in the North West and South West Growth Areas where high proportions of dwellings are being purchased. Fairfield LGA was the only LGA that recorded a decrease in dwellings owned with a mortgage during the ten year period (-664 dwellings; -3.9%).

MAP: DWELLINGS OWNED WITH A MORTGAGE

Map 9 illustrates the proportion of dwellings owned with a mortgage in Greater Sydney in 2016. Dwellings owned with a mortgage were distributed across Greater Western Sydney, with low mortgage rates more visible in the south west region.

Map 9: Proportion of dwellings owned with a mortgage, Greater Sydney, 2016

Figure 14: Dwellings owned outright and with a mortgage, GWS LGAs (including Lithgow and Wingecarribee), 2016 Dwellings owned outright and with a mortgage, GWS LGAs (including Lithgow and Wingecarribee), 2016

60.0% 50.2%

50.0% 48.0%

44.7%

41.6%

40.2%

39.6%

38.8%

38.5%

37.9%

37.8% 37.4%

40.0% 37.4%

35.3%

33.8%

31.2%

31.0%

29.6%

29.2%

29.0%

28.7%

28.5%

28.2%

27.8% 26.9%

30.0% 26.2%

24.8%

24.5%

23.4%

23.2%

22.6% 21.6% 20.0%

Proportion ofdwellings 10.0%

0.0%

Penrith

Lithgow

Fairfield

Camden

Liverpool

Blacktown

Wollondilly

Parramatta

Cumberland

Hawkesbury

Campbelltown

Wingecarribee

The Hills The Shire

Blue Mountains Blue

Canterbury-Bankstown Greater Western Sydney Western Greater LGA/Region Owned outright Owned with a mortgage (a)

Source: ABS Census of Population and Housing 2016, Time Series Profile, Table T18 (a) Includes dwellings being purchased under a shared equity scheme

Rented dwellings

There were 231,303 households that were renting in GWS in 2016, representing 30.8% of total households in the region. Of these renters:

• 143,176 households were renting through a real estate agent (19.0% of total households) • 41,456 households were state housing authority (5.5%) • 46,649 households were classified as other rental categories (4.3% rented – person not in same household; 0.6% rented – housing cooperative/community/church group; 0.8% rented – other landlord type; and 0.4% landlord type not stated)

The following sections will explore the two largest rent categories – real estate agent and state housing authority.

Private rental

Between 2006 and 2016, the number of private renters through real estate agents in GWS increased by 41.4% (or +41,917 households). As a proportion of total households, private renters through real estate agents in GWS grew from 15.5% in 2006 to 19.0% in 2016. In 2016, GWS still had a lower private rental rate (19.0%) than Greater Sydney (21.8%) but relatively similar to NSW (18.9%).

The GWS LGAs with the highest proportion of private renters in 2016 was Parramatta (28.1% of total households), Cumberland (24.2%) and Canterbury-Bankstown (20.3%). The lowest private rental rates in GWS were found in outer LGAs such as Wollondilly (8.9%) and the Blue Mountains (10.9%). Between 2006 and 2016, the LGAs with the highest numerical increase in private renters were Parramatta (+8,276 dwellings; +58.0%), Blacktown (+6,385 dwellings; +49.5%) and Canterbury-Bankstown (+5,642 dwellings; +32.4%). The only GWS LGA where private rental decreased was the Blue Mountains (-202 dwellings; -5.8%). The rate of private rental growth was higher in the FACS WS District (+42.6%) than FACS SWS District (+37.8%) between 2006 and 2016.

MAP: PRIVATE RENTAL DWELLINGS

Map 10 illustrates the proportion of private rental dwellings through a real estate agent in Greater Sydney in 2016. The concentration of private rental dwellings naturally increased towards the inner city, however concentrations of private rentals were also found in Greater Western Sydney, such as around Riverstone in Blacktown LGA and Wetherill Park in Fairfield LGA. Private rental dwellings were also concentrated in the regional centres of Penrith and Parramatta CBDs.

State housing authority

Between 2006 and 2016, the number of state housing authority dwellings in GWS declined by 2.1% (or -877 households). As a proportion of total households, state housing authority dwellings declined from 6.5% in 2006 to 5.5% in 2016. In 2016, GWS had a higher proportion of state housing authority dwellings (5.5%) compared to Greater Sydney (4.0%) and NSW (3.8%).

The GWS LGAs with the highest proportion of state housing authority dwellings in 2016 was Canterbury-Bankstown (8,312 dwellings), Blacktown (7,685 dwellings) and Campbelltown (4,926 dwellings). Between 2006 and 2016, the LGAs with the highest decline in state housing authority were in Campbelltown (-916 dwellings; -15.7%), Blacktown (-770 dwellings; -9.1%) and Hawkesbury (-100 dwellings; -12.5%). The overall decline in state housing authority dwellings reflects the government’s policy position of selling off public housing and redirecting resources to affordable and community housing options.

MAP: STATE HOUSING AUTHORITY DWELLINGS

Map 11 illustrates the proportion of state housing authority dwellings in Greater Sydney in 2016. The suburbs in Greater Western Sydney with the highest proportion of state housing authority dwellings were Shalvey, Bidwill and Doonside (in Blacktown LGA), Cranebrook (in Penrith LGA), Constitution Hill and Telopea (in Parramatta LGA), Bonnyrigg and Canley Vale (in Fairfield LGA), Villawood and Riverwood (in Canterbury-Bankstown LGA), and Macquarie Fields and Claymore (in Campbelltown LGA).

Map 10: Proportion of private rental dwellings (through real estate agent), Greater Sydney, 2016

Map 11: Proportion of state housing authority dwellings, Greater Sydney, 2016

5. Social housing and rental assistance

Social housing waiting times

The NSW Department of Family and Community Services (FACS) provides an interactive dashboard guide to explore waiting times for social housing in NSW. Table 5 below shows the waiting times for a 3 bedroom social housing property in allocation zones located in GWS as at 30 June 2017. Most allocation zones in GWS had a social housing waiting time of 10 years and over, while other allocation zones such as Mount Druitt, Blue Mountains, Richmond/Windsor, Camden, Campbelltown and Wingecarribee reported waiting times of 5 to 10 years. The allocation zone in GWS with the lowest social housing waiting time was Wollondilly (2 to 5 years).

Table 5: Waiting times for social housing (3 bedroom property) as at 30 June 2017, GWS allocation zones Waiting times for social housing (3 bedroom property) as at 30 June 2017 Allocation zone Expected waiting time for 3 bedroom property CS06 Canterbury 10+ years GW01 Parramatta/Baulkham Hills 10+ years GW02 Auburn/Granville 10+ years GW03 Blacktown 10+ years GW04 Mount Druitt 5 to 10 years GW05 Penrith 10+ years GW06 Blue Mountains 5 to 10 years GW07 Richmond/Windsor 5 to 10 years GW08 Holroyd 10+ years GW09 Bankstown 10+ years GW10 Fairfield 10+ years GW11 Liverpool 10+ years GW12 Campbelltown 5 to 10 years GW13 Camden 5 to 10 years GW14 Wollondilly 2 to 5 years GW15 Wingecarribee 5 to 10 years S046 Lithgow 5 to 10 years Source: FACS Expected Waiting Times Interactive Dashboard, Accessed 6 November 2018, https://bit.ly/2PoukD6 More detailed information about the NSW waiting times for other social housing property types can be found through the FACS interactive dashboard link above

Commonwealth Rent Assistance recipients

The Australian Government provides Commonwealth Rent Assistance (CRA) as a non- taxable income supplement to those requiring assistance with rental costs. More information about the programme can be found at the Department of Social Services (DSS) website.

Table 6 shows the number of CRA recipients by GWS LGA in June 2018. Data is still collected for LGA boundaries that were in place pre-2016 council amalgamations. There were an estimated 128,673 recipients of CRA in GWS in June 2018. The LGAs with the highest number of CRA recipients was Fairfield (19,468 recipients), Blacktown (17,190 recipients) and Liverpool (13,010 recipients). It should be noted that the combination of

Canterbury-Bankstown numbers makes it the LGA with the highest number of CRA recipients in GWS (21,656 recipients).

Table 6: Commonwealth Rent Assistance (CRA) recipients by GWS LGA, June 2018 Commonwealth Rent Assistance (CRA) payment recipients by LGA, June 2018 LGA CRA Payment Recipients* (no.) Fairfield 19,468 Blacktown 17,190 Liverpool 13,010 Bankstown 11,666 Penrith 11,413 Canterbury 9,990 Parramatta 9,629 Campbelltown 9,026 Holroyd 6,670 Auburn 4,764 The Hills Shire 4,049 Blue Mountains 3,877 Hawkesbury 3,219 Camden 3,036 Wingecarribee 2,253 Wollondilly 1,666 Lithgow 1,439 Greater Western Sydney 128,673 Source: DSS Payment Demographic Data, www.data.gov.au *CRA data is collected as income units. This paper refers to these income units as recipients

Data on CRA recipients by LGA have only been released by DSS since March 2018 so a trend analysis is not possible at this point in time.

MAP: CRA RECIPIENTS

Map 12 illustrates the number of CRA recipients in June 2018. Concentrations of CRA recipients were found in suburbs such as Cambridge Gardens and Werrington in Penrith LGA, Bidwill and Mount Druitt in Blacktown LGA, Birrong, Yagoona and Punchbowl in Canterbury-Bankstown LGA, and Blair Athol in Campbelltown LGA. CRA recipients were also found in Parramatta, Cumberland and Fairfield LGAs, with notable concentrations in suburbs such as Parramatta, Guildford, Fairfield West and Cabramatta.

Map 12: CRA Recipients, Greater Sydney, 2016

6. Dwelling occupants

Family type

There were 751,751 households in GWS in 2016, with the dominant family type being couple families with children (41.6% of households), followed by couple families without children (23.0%). 12.8% of households were classified as one parent families. GWS had a higher proportion of couple families with children and one parent families than Greater Sydney (35.3% and 10.4% respectively) and NSW (31.5% and 10.7% respectively). Between 2006 and 2016, couple families with no children in GWS increased by 14.0%, couple families with children increased by 17.1% and one parent families increased by 12.6%.

Dominant family types differed between LGAs in GWS (See Figure 15). The Hills Shire had the highest proportion of couple families with children in GWS (53.1% of households) but also the lowest proportion of one parent families (8.3%). Camden LGA had the highest proportion of couple families with no children in GWS (36.2% of households). The highest proportion of one parent families were in Fairfield LGA (17.9% of households), followed by Campbelltown (16.2%), Penrith (14.1%) and Blacktown (14.0%).

Figure 15: Family type (selected categories), GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2016 Family type (selected categories), GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2016

60.0%

53.1% 46.3%

50.0% 45.7%

45.4%

43.3%

42.3%

41.6%

41.4%

39.8%

38.3%

38.0%

37.2%

36.6% 36.6%

40.0% 36.2%

30.5%

30.3%

28.3%

27.8% 27.8% 26.5%

30.0% 26.2%

25.1%

24.7%

23.0%

22.4%

22.0%

21.5%

20.9%

20.1%

19.7%

17.9% 17.5%

20.0% 16.2%

14.1%

14.0%

13.8%

13.1%

12.8%

11.8%

11.7%

11.2%

11.0%

10.2%

9.7%

9.2% 9.2%

10.0% 8.3% Proportion ofhouseholds

0.0%

Penrith

Lithgow

Fairfield

Camden

Liverpool

Blacktown

Wollondilly

Parramatta

Cumberland

Hawkesbury

Campbelltown

Wingecarribee

The Hills The Shire

Blue Mountains Blue Canterbury-Bankstown

LGA/Region Sydney Western Greater Couple family with no children Couple family with children One parent family

Source: ABS Census of Population and Housing 2016, Time Series Profile, Table T14

Lone person households made up 16.7% (or 125,805) of households in GWS in 2016, lower than Greater Sydney (20.4%) and NSW (22.4%). The number of lone person households in GWS increased by 8.9% since 2006, although the proportion of lone person households as a

44 proportion of all family types declined during this period (from 17.7% of households in 2006). The LGA with the highest proportion of lone person households was the Blue Mountains (24.6% of households) and The Hills Shire had the lowest proportion (11.1%). Higher rates of lone person households were found in Lithgow (29.7%) and Wingecarribee (24.6%) when compared to GWS LGAs (See Figure 16).

Figure 16: Lone person households, GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2016 Lone person households, GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2016

35.0% 29.7%

30.0%

24.6% 24.6%

25.0%

19.5%

19.0% 18.6%

20.0% 18.2%

17.5%

17.1%

16.7%

15.1%

14.6%

14.6% 14.5%

15.0% 13.2% 11.1% 10.0%

5.0% Proportion ofhouseholds

0.0%

Penrith

Lithgow

Fairfield

Camden

Liverpool

Blacktown

Wollondilly

Parramatta

Cumberland

Hawkesbury

Campbelltown

Wingecarribee

The Hills The Shire

Blue Mountains Blue

Canterbury-Bankstown Greater Western Sydney Western Greater LGA/Region

Source: ABS Census of Population and Housing 2016, Time Series Profile, Table T14

The complete dataset on all family types for each GWS LGA and comparative regions can be found in Appendix 6.

Average household size

Table 7 shows the average household size of GWS LGAs in 2016. The average household size in GWS ranged from 2.5 persons in the Blue Mountains LGA to 3.3 persons in Fairfield LGA. Surrounding LGAs of Lithgow and Wingecarribee reported lower average household sizes than those in GWS (2.3 and 2.4 persons respectively).

Table 7: Average household size, GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2016 Average household size, GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2016 LGA/Region Average household size Blacktown 3.2 Blue Mountains 2.5 Camden 3.1 Campbelltown 3.0 Canterbury-Bankstown 3.0 Cumberland 3.2 Fairfield 3.3 Hawkesbury 2.8 Lithgow 2.3 Liverpool 3.2 Parramatta 2.8 Penrith 2.9 The Hills Shire 3.2 Wingecarribee 2.4 Wollondilly 3.0 Greater Sydney 2.8 New South Wales 2.6 Source: ABS Census of Population and Housing 2016, Community Profile, Table G02

Dwelling internet connection

Data on internet and computer use by individuals was collected for the first time in the 2001 Census. In 2006 and 2011, a question on dwelling internet connection asked whether private dwellings had an internet connection and about the type of connection (that is, broadband, dial-up or other) used at each dwelling.

The 2016 question asked whether private dwellings had any member of the household who had access to internet from the dwelling, without specific details of the type of connection. The question included household members who accessed the internet through desktop/ laptop computer, mobile or smart phone, tablet, music or video player, gaming console, smart TV or any other devices. It also included accessing through any type of internet connection (for example, ADSL, fibre, cable, wireless, satellite and mobile broadband (3G/4G)).

Table 8 shows the dwelling internet connection for GWS LGAs and comparative regions in 2016. Approximately 12.0% of dwellings in GWS stated that they did not have an internet connection, higher than Rest of Sydney (9.1%) and Greater Sydney (10.4%) but slightly lower than NSW (12.7%). The proportion of dwellings without internet connection was higher in the FACS SWS District (13.9%) than in FACS WS District (10.6%). On an LGA level, the

46 proportion of dwellings without internet connection in GWS ranged from 4.9% in The Hills Shire to 16.9% in Fairfield. Although they fall outside GWS, 11.1% of Wingecarribee dwellings and 20.3% of Lithgow dwellings reported having no internet connection.

MAP: DWELLING INTERNET CONNECTION

Map 13 illustrates the proportion of dwellings with no access to the internet in 2016. The number of dwellings with no access to the internet were found across the Greater Western Sydney region, with no access to internet also visible in the outskirts of more rural LGAs such as the Blue Mountains and Wollondilly.

Map 13: Dwellings with no access to internet, Greater Sydney, 2016

Table 8: Dwelling internet connection, GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2016 Dwelling internet connection, GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2016 Internet not Internet accessed accessed from Not stated Not applicable Total from dwelling dwelling Number of dwellings LGA/Region Blacktown 86,008 12,505 7,194 5,198 110,903 Blue Mountains 25,326 3,074 1,591 4,317 34,306 Camden 21,463 2,248 1,317 1,175 26,197 Campbelltown 41,336 7,443 3,699 2,848 55,324 Canterbury-Bankstown 86,302 18,487 8,789 7,849 121,434 Cumberland 52,548 9,828 5,440 4,339 72,147 Fairfield 44,782 10,637 4,147 3,208 62,779 Hawkesbury 18,015 2,877 1,650 1,556 24,098 Lithgow 5,702 1,968 959 1,087 9,714 Liverpool 48,590 8,472 5,869 2,992 65,923 Parramatta 66,959 7,553 5,654 5,559 85,723 Penrith 53,846 8,390 4,822 4,048 71,111 The Hills Shire 44,756 2,516 1,779 2,775 51,834 Wingecarribee 15,120 2,397 1,313 2,858 21,681 Wollondilly 13,025 1,782 1,004 970 16,780 Greater Western Sydney 602,971 95,811 52,959 46,840 798,573 FACS WS District 353,167 48,711 29,095 28,872 459,842 FACS SWS District 270,627 51,463 26,134 21,909 370,132 Rest of Sydney 797,125 96,983 73,828 92,088 1,060,034 Greater Sydney 1,400,096 192,794 126,787 138,928 1,858,607 New South Wales 2,171,135 388,926 214,792 292,126 3,066,981 Source: ABS Census of Population and Housing 2016, TableBuilder Pro. Counting Dwellings, Place of Enumeration Please note that the not applicable category comprises of unoccupied private dwellings, non-private dwellings and migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

Table 8: Dwelling internet connection, GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2016 (continued) Dwelling internet connection, GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2016 Internet not Internet accessed accessed from Not stated Not applicable Total from dwelling dwelling Proportion of dwellings Blacktown 77.6% 11.3% 6.5% 4.7% 100.0% Blue Mountains 73.8% 9.0% 4.6% 12.6% 100.0% Camden 81.9% 8.6% 5.0% 4.5% 100.0% Campbelltown 74.7% 13.5% 6.7% 5.1% 100.0% Canterbury-Bankstown 71.1% 15.2% 7.2% 6.5% 100.0% Cumberland 72.8% 13.6% 7.5% 6.0% 100.0% Fairfield 71.3% 16.9% 6.6% 5.1% 100.0% Hawkesbury 74.8% 11.9% 6.8% 6.5% 100.0% Lithgow 58.7% 20.3% 9.9% 11.2% 100.0% Liverpool 73.7% 12.9% 8.9% 4.5% 100.0% Parramatta 78.1% 8.8% 6.6% 6.5% 100.0% Penrith 75.7% 11.8% 6.8% 5.7% 100.0% The Hills Shire 86.3% 4.9% 3.4% 5.4% 100.0% Wingecarribee 69.7% 11.1% 6.1% 13.2% 100.0% Wollondilly 77.6% 10.6% 6.0% 5.8% 100.0% Greater Western Sydney 75.5% 12.0% 6.6% 5.9% 100.0% FACS WS District 76.8% 10.6% 6.3% 6.3% 100.0% FACS SWS District 73.1% 13.9% 7.1% 5.9% 100.0% Rest of Sydney 75.2% 9.1% 7.0% 8.7% 100.0% Greater Sydney 75.3% 10.4% 6.8% 7.5% 100.0% New South Wales 70.8% 12.7% 7.0% 9.5% 100.0% Source: ABS Census of Population and Housing 2016, TableBuilder Pro. Counting Dwellings, Place of Enumeration Please note that the not applicable category comprises of unoccupied private dwellings, non-private dwellings and migratory, off-shore and shipping SA1s

7. Housing costs and prices

Median rent and mortgage payments

Table 9 shows the median weekly rent payments for GWS LGAs and comparative regions between 2006 and 2016. The highest median weekly rent among GWS LGAs in 2016 was in The Hills Shire ($560) while the lowest was in the Blue Mountains ($350). The median weekly rent for Lithgow ($230) and Wingecarribee ($350) were generally lower than LGAs in GWS. Median weekly rent for all LGAs in GWS increased since 2006. The median weekly rent for GWS is not collected by the ABS.

Table 9: Median weekly rent payments, GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2006- 2016 Median weekly rent payments, GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2006-2016 LGA/Region 2006 2011 2016 Blacktown $200 $300 $380 Blue Mountains $200 $280 $350 Camden $250 $360 $460 Campbelltown $185 $260 $350 Canterbury-Bankstown $200 $300 $380 Cumberland $220 $330 $400 Fairfield $180 $280 $350 Hawkesbury $205 $280 $360 Lithgow $135 $170 $230 Liverpool $195 $295 $370 Parramatta $245 $360 $440 Penrith $210 $300 $370 The Hills Shire $320 $455 $560 Wingecarribee $195 $260 $350 Wollondilly $200 $270 $365 Greater Sydney $250 $355 $440 NSW $210 $300 $380 Australia $190 $285 $335 Source: ABS Census of Population and Housing 2016 Time Series Profile T02; ABS QuickStats

MAP: MEDIAN WEEKLY RENT PAYMENTS

Map 14 illustrates the median weekly rent payments in Greater Sydney in 2016. The highest median weekly rent payments were in the northern and north west suburbs of Greater Sydney. The highest median weekly rent payments in the Greater Western Sydney region were found in The Hills, Parramatta and Cumberland LGAs.

Table 10 shows the median monthly mortgage repayments for GWS LGAs and comparative regions between 2006 and 2016. The highest median monthly mortgage repayment among GWS LGAs in 2016 was in The Hills Shire ($2,500) while the lowest was in Fairfield ($1,800). Median monthly mortgage repayments in GWS were generally lower than Greater

Sydney ($2,167) (except for The Hills Shire and Camden). The median monthly mortgage repayment for GWS is not collected by the ABS.

Table 10: Median monthly mortgage repayments, GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2006-2016 Median monthly mortgage repayments, GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2006-2016 LGA/Region 2006 2011 2016 Blacktown $1,712 $2,100 $2,150 Blue Mountains $1,500 $1,842 $1,842 Camden $1,800 $2,182 $2,220 Campbelltown $1,500 $1,800 $1,842 Canterbury-Bankstown $1,625 $2,000 $2,000 Cumberland $1,625 $2,000 $2,000 Fairfield $1,500 $1,800 $1,800 Hawkesbury $1,626 $2,037 $2,080 Lithgow $1,107 $1,430 $1,387 Liverpool $1,733 $2,167 $2,123 Parramatta $1,759 $2,167 $2,167 Penrith $1,560 $1,993 $2,000 The Hills Shire $2,100 $2,600 $2,500 Wingecarribee $1,517 $1,842 $1,842 Wollondilly $1,733 $2,141 $2,167 Greater Sydney $1,800 $2,167 $2,167 NSW $1,517 $1,993 $1,986 Australia $1,300 $1,800 $1,755 Source: ABS Census of Population and Housing 2016 Time Series Profile T02; ABS QuickStats.

MAP: MEDIAN MONTHLY MORTGAGE REPAYMENTS

Map 15 illustrates the median monthly mortgage repayments in Greater Sydney in 2016. In Greater Western Sydney, median monthly mortgage repayments were generally high across the region, with repayments getting lower when moving west towards the Blue Mountains and Lithgow.

Map 14: Median Weekly Rent Payments, Greater Sydney, 2016

Map 15: Median Monthly Mortgage Repayments, Greater Sydney, 2016

Weekly rent payments – in detail

Data from the ABS 2016 Census allows the distribution of weekly rent payments across GWS and its comparative regions to be explored. There was a total of 231,303 rental dwellings in GWS in 2016, with the most common rent range being $350-449 per week (30.2% of total renters, higher than Greater Sydney (21.9%) and NSW (20.8%)). Figure 17 illustrates the different ranges of weekly rent paid across selected GWS LGAs. When compared to GWS, similar weekly rental payment trends were found in LGAs such as Blacktown and Penrith. Higher weekly rental payments ($450 and over) were evident in GWS LGAs such as Camden and The Hills Shire.

Figure 17: Rent payments (weekly), selected GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2016 Rent payments (weekly), selected GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2016 45.0% 40.0% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0%

0.0% Proportion oftotal renters

Weekly rental ranges

Blacktown LGA Camden LGA Liverpool LGA Parramatta LGA Penrith LGA The Hills Shire Greater Western Sydney Greater Sydney NSW

Source: ABS Census of Population and Housing 2016 Time Series Profile Table T19

Please contact WESTIR Limited for complete datasets for weekly rent payments for GWS LGAs and comparative regions since 2006.

The NSW Department of Family and Community Services (FACS) also publishes quarterly Rent and Sales Reports to show how median weekly rents change over time. It is particularly useful in exploring the trends that are occurring between and after five year Censuses. Figure 18 illustrates the median weekly rent trends of all dwellings for some of the major regional LGAs in GWS from September 2006 to September 2018. Median weekly rents for all GWS LGAs generally increased since 2006, however have begun to stabilise or even decline in recent times, particularly since the first quarter of 20183.

3Haydar, N., ‘Sydney rents drop for first time in 12 years, Domain report finds’, ABC News, 11 January 2019, https://ab.co/2RnhDNE

Figure 18: Median weekly rents of all dwellings by selected GWS LGAs. September 2006 to September 2018 Median weekly rents of all dwellings by selected GWS LGAs, September 2006 to September 2018 650

600

550

500

450

400

Median weekly rent($) 350

300

250

Quarter/Year Parramatta The Hills Shire Blacktown Camden Liverpool Penrith

Source: FACS Rent and Sales Reports Issues 120-124

For more information on median weekly rent trends according to dwelling types (separate house or flats/units) and number of bedrooms, please visit FACS Rent and Sales Reports website.

Monthly mortgage repayments – in detail

Figure 19 illustrates the monthly mortgage repayments for selected GWS LGAs and comparative regions in 2016. There was a total of 251,016 mortgage holders in GWS in 2016, with the most common mortgage repayment range being $1,800-2,399 per month (23.8% of total mortgage holders). When looking at the monthly mortgage repayments across the LGAs in GWS, The Hills Shire and Parramatta had the highest proportion of total mortgage holders with a monthly mortgage repayment of $4,000 or more (18.2% and 11.5% respectively).

Figure 19: Mortgage repayments (monthly), selected GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2016 Mortgage repayments (monthly), selected GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2016 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0%

Proportion oftotal mortgage holders Monthly mortgage repayment ranges

Blacktown LGA Camden LGA Liverpool LGA Parramatta LGA Penrith LGA The Hills Shire Greater Western Sydney Greater Sydney NSW

Source: ABS Census of Population and Housing 2016 Time Series Profile Table T25

Please contact WESTIR Limited for complete datasets for monthly mortgage repayments for GWS LGAs and comparative regions since 2006.

Median sales prices

The FACS Rent and Sales Reports also publish quarterly median sales prices to show how house prices are changing over time. Figure 20 and Table 11 show the median sales prices of all dwellings across GWS LGAs and comparative regions between March 2006 and March 2018. Once again, the data shows that the median sales prices in most GWS LGAs have increased since 2006, peaking at around June 2017. Since the middle of 2017, many GWS LGAs have seen in general decline in median sales prices (for example, the median sales price in Blacktown fell from $737,000 in June 2017 to $706,000 in March 2018; from $751,000 to $725,000 in Liverpool and $830,000 to $776,000 in Parramatta). This is consistent with the ‘property market slump’ that is currently being reported across Greater Sydney4.

For more information on median sales price trends for the breakdown of strata and non- strata dwellings, please visit FACS Rent and Sales Reports website.

4Cadman, E., ‘Sydney house prices drop most in 30 years since 2017 peak’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 12 December 2018, https://bit.ly/2Qoza7Q

Figure 20: Median sales prices ($’000), selected GWS LGAs, March 2006 to March 2018 Median sales prices ($'000), selected GWS LGAs, March 2006 to March 2018 1,300 1,200 1,100 1,000 900 800 700 600

500 Median sales price ($'000) 400 300

Quarter/Year

Parramatta The Hills Shire Blacktown Camden Liverpool Penrith

Source: FACS Rent and Sales Reports Issues 120-124

Table 11: Median sales prices of all dwellings ($’000), GWS LGAs and comparative regions, March 2013 to March 2018 Median Sales Prices of all dwellings ($’000), GWS LGAs and comparative regions, March 2013 to March 2018 LGA/Region Mar-13 Mar-14 Mar-15 Mar-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Dec-17 Mar-18 Auburn 538 540 650 670 675 N/A N/A N/A N/A Bankstown* 520 610 720 820 850 893 800 860 820 Blacktown 418 480 588 635 725 737 704 720 706 Blue Mountains 410 447 492 560 641 680 660 680 660 Camden 479 520 625 698 735 745 735 746 756 Campbelltown 345 408 485 530 610 620 635 630 612 Canterbury 512 550 620 677 655 N/A N/A N/A N/A Fairfield 435 500 610 675 760 790 760 772 772 Hawkesbury 407 482 540 615 669 785 720 793 718 Holroyd* 457 534 585 683 683 730 730 730 685 Liverpool 420 475 590 664 735 751 730 730 725 Parramatta 470 580 690 745 736 830 750 780 776 Penrith 370 435 528 570 657 669 657 668 656 The Hills Shire 680 856 925 1,080 1,210 1,260 1,290 1,250 1,210 Wollondilly 434 514 585 650 748 755 715 730 753 Greater Sydney 550 645 700 760 810 820 760 791 760 NSW 470 555 585 590 640 700 662 675 655 Source: FACS Rent and Sales Reports Issues 120-124 *Bankstown figures from June 2017 are for post-2016 Canterbury-Bankstown boundaries; Holroyd figures from June 2017 are post-2016 Cumberland boundaries

First home benefits

The NSW Government runs the First Home Buyers Assistance scheme which provides exemptions or concessions on transfer duty for eligible NSW first home buyers. Revenue NSW (formerly the NSW Office of State Revenue) collects data on the Top 20 Suburbs by value for First Home Benefits in NSW. The latest data from 1 October 2017 to 30 September 2018 shows that 12 out of the 20 suburbs that received the highest value of First Home Benefits in NSW were in GWS (See Figure 21 – GWS suburbs in capital letters). These suburbs were mostly concentrated in the Blacktown, Parramatta and Macarthur areas.

Figure 21: First Home Benefits, Top 20 suburbs by value, NSW, 1 October 2017 to 30 September 2018 First Home Benefits, Top 20 Suburbs by Value, NSW, 1 October 2017 to 30 September 2018

$1,000,000 $946,187 $899,445

$900,000 $803,455

$800,000 $786,827

$739,402 $667,871

$700,000 $664,430

$580,340 $575,544

$600,000 $565,179

$543,770

$515,385

$508,553

$489,450

$483,811

$482,810

$476,245

$472,999 $458,959 $500,000 $458,096

$400,000

Totalbenefits ($) $300,000

$200,000

$100,000

Suburb Source: Revenue NSW, Data and Statistics, https://bit.ly/2qDaLw4

8. Housing stress

Rental, mortgage and total housing stress

Housing stress is defined as ‘households in the lowest 40% of incomes who are paying more than 30% of their usual gross weekly income on housing costs’5. Total housing stress covers all tenure types, including those outside rental and mortgage categories. Mortgage and rental stress use the same calculations, however focus on gross weekly income on mortgage and rental repayments respectively.

Table 12 for rental, mortgage and total housing stress shows:

• In 2016, 14.3% of total households in GWS experienced housing stress, with 31.9% of renting households experiencing rental stress and 12.5% of mortgaged households experiencing mortgage stress. GWS had higher rates of all housing stress types when compared to Greater Sydney (rental: 26.4%; mortgage: 10.3%; total: 11.8%), NSW (rental: 28.4%; mortgage: 10.1%; total: 11.7%) and Australia (rental: 28.0%; mortgage: 9.9%; total: 11.4%).

• The rates of rental, mortgage and total housing stress varied across LGAs in GWS. The highest levels of rental, mortgage and total housing stress were found in Fairfield LGA (rental: 44.3% of households; mortgage: 21.5%; total: 20.9%) while the lowest levels were found in The Hills Shire (rental: 19.2%; mortgage: 8.0%; total: 6.8%).

MAPS: RENTAL, MORTGAGE AND TOTAL HOUSING STRESS

Patterns of housing stress can look different when explored purely by number of households as opposed to proportion of households in an area. Maps 16, 17 and 18 illustrate rental stress, mortgage stress and total housing stress by number of households in Greater Sydney in 2016. High numbers of rental stress were found in new release areas such as Jordan Springs in Penrith LGA and Sydney Olympic Park in Parramatta LGA. Concentrations of mortgage stress were also evident in new release areas such as Jordan Springs and Caddens in Penrith LGA, The Ponds, Schofields and Bungarribee in Blacktown LGA and Gregory Hills in Camden LGA. Total housing stress purely by number of households continued to be concentrated in the new release areas, however this representation still masks the high proportion of total households experiencing housing stress in disadvantaged areas such as Fairfield LGA.

5Parliament of Australia (by Dr Matthew Thomas) n.d., Housing affordability in Australia, https://bit.ly/2NYPU09

Table 12: Rental, mortgage and total housing stress, GWS and comparative regions, 2016 Rental stress Mortgage stress Total housing stress Total Number of Total rented Number of Number of Total Local Government Area / Region Percent % mortgaged Percent % Percent % households households households households households households Blacktown 9,580 32,743 29.3 4,716 42,515 11.1 14,290 105,711 13.5 Blue Mountains 1,950 5,353 36.4 917 11,317 8.1 2,874 29,989 9.6 Camden 1,242 5,044 24.6 999 12,554 8.0* 2,248 25,008 9.0 Campbelltown 5,153 16,562 31.1 2,724 19,630 13.9 7,873 52,477 15.0 Canterbury-Bankstown 15,441 39,499 39.1 5,707 32,037 17.8 21,164 113,583 18.6 Cumberland 9,485 26,118 36.3 3,462 19,335 17.9 12,949 67,818 19.1 Fairfield 8,905 20,099 44.3* 3,560 16,545 21.5* 12,469 59,582 20.9* Hawkesbury 1,573 5,202 30.2 795 8,927 8.9 2,365 22,541 10.5 Lithgow 729 1,962 37.2 218 2,318 9.4 942 8,639 10.9 Liverpool 6,752 18,964 35.6 3,768 23,566 16.0 10,541 62,926 16.8 Parramatta 7,733 31,778 24.3 2,800 23,277 12.0 10,537 80,177 13.1 Penrith 5,726 19,333 29.6 2,411 26,003 9.3 8,152 67,047 12.2 The Hills Shire 1,586 8,269 19.2* 1,744 21,910 8.0* 3,335 49,043 6.8* Wingecarribee 1,059 3,359 31.5 540 5,882 9.2 1,599 7,382 21.7 Wollondilly 693 2,317 29.9 608 7,591 8.0* 1,299 15,815 8.2 Greater Western Sydney 67,230 210,696 31.9 31,607 252,245 12.5 99,846 699,945 14.3 Greater Sydney 147,789 560,074 26.4 55,887 542,276 10.3 203,683 1,719,676 11.8 NSW 238,583 839,521 28.4 85,559 844,376 10.1 324,150 2,774,866 11.7 Australia 729,709 2,606,643 28.0 284,567 2,871,424 9.9 1,014,220 8,861,642 11.4 Source: ABS Census of Population and Housing 2016, from atlas.id. This data is placed on place of enumeration. Wingecarribee data obtained from Social Health Atlas of Australia by LGA November 2018 *The colour red represents the highest percentages of rental, mortgage and total housing stress in GWS, the colour green denotes the lowest levels of stress.

Map 16: Rental stress, Greater Sydney, 2016

Map 17: Mortgage stress, Greater Sydney, 2016

Map 18: Total housing stress, Greater Sydney, 2016

Dwelling price to income ratio

The ratio of dwelling prices to household income is when the median dwelling prices (that is, combined houses and units) are compared with median household incomes at that point in time. For example, a dwelling price to income ratio of 5 implies that the typical household will spend five times their annual gross income to purchase a typical dwelling within the same region during that time period. The measure is a way of highlighting areas where housing may be unaffordable for typical households with an average household income.

Table 13 shows a range of affordable measures for regions of Sydney in December 2016:

• The dwelling price to household income ratio in the regions located in GWS ranged from 6.6 in Outer South West to 11.3 in the Inner South West where parts of Canterbury-Bankstown LGA fall. The dwelling price to income ratio appeared to generally be higher for regions located closer to the inner city. • All GWS regions required more than 100% of their household income for a 20% deposit and all GWS regions needed more than 30% of their household income to service an 80% Loan to Value Ratio (LVR) mortgage. • Rental affordability also varied across GWS, with more than 30% of household income required to rent in Parramatta (30.4%), South West (32.7%) and Inner South West (34.8%) regions.

Table 13: Affordability measures for regions of Sydney, December 2016 Affordability measures for regions of Sydney, December 2016 % of household % of household income required % of household Price to income required to service an Region income required income ratio for a 20% 80% Loan to to rent a home deposit Value (LVR) mortgage6 Sydney - Baulkham Hills and 8.6 172.6% 46.0% 25.1% Hawkesbury Sydney - Blacktown 7.1 142.5% 38.0% 24.7% Sydney - City and Inner South 8.4 167.7% 44.7% 30.0% Sydney - Eastern Suburbs 11 219.5% 58.5% 28.3% Sydney - Inner South West 11.3 225.5% 60.1% 34.8% Sydney - Inner West 10.3 206.8% 55.1% 26.6% Sydney - North Sydney and 9.0 180.6% 48.1% 23.9% Hornsby Sydney - Northern Beaches 10.8 216.1% 57.6% 28.5% Sydney - Outer South West 6.6 132.2% 35.3% 24.8% Sydney - Outer West and Blue 7.0 139.9% 37.3% 26.2% Mountains Sydney - Parramatta 9.4 187.0% 49.9% 30.4% Sydney - Ryde 11.9 237.5% 63.3% 26.7% Sydney - South West 9.7 193.0% 51.5% 32.7% Sydney - Sutherland 8.6 171.0% 45.6% 24.9% Source: CoreLogic Housing Affordability Report 2016, https://bit.ly/2vBPFOD

6An LVR mortgage is a financial term used to express how much mortgage a household has in relation to how much the property is worth.

DATA RESOURCES: HOUSING AND RENTAL AFFORDABILITY IN GREATER SYDNEY

There have been several tools and resources developed in recent times exploring housing and rental affordability in Greater Sydney.

The City Futures Research Centre from University of New South Wales developed the Sydney Housing Affordability Index to explore the proportion of dwellings that were ‘affordable’ in terms of household income. The index visually mapped the proportion of 2005 property sales affordable to a household earning $71,700 and the proportion of 2015 property sales affordable to a household earning $100,000, as well as the change in affordability between 2005 and 2015.

The Rental Affordability Index has been released by National Shelter, Community Sector Banking, Brotherhood St Laurence and SGS Economics and Planning on a biannual basis since 2015 for a variety of regions across Australia. To best illustrate the situation for vulnerable groups, rental affordability is assessed for ten Australian household types (access link for further information). The Rent Tracker Postcode Tool through Tenants NSW also allows users to explore the median weekly rent for various dwelling types and sizes on a postcode and regional level.

Data tools such as the Ask Izzy Open Data Platform by Infoxchange also provides data and insights into the supply and demand of housing and homelessness services, a response to structural issues associated with housing affordability.

The Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute (AHURI) also releases a range of resources and publications on housing that relate to issues experienced by Greater Sydney and beyond.

Appendices

Appendix 1: Dwelling structure, GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2006-2016 Dwelling structure, GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2006 - 2016 Separate house Semi-detached, row or terrace house Flat, unit or apartment Other dwelling Dwelling structure not stated Total households

LGA/Region Change Change Change Change Change Change 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006 2011 2016 2016 2006 2011 2016 2016 2006 2011 2016 2016 2006 2011 2016 2016 2006 2011 2016 2016 2006 2011 2016 2016 Number of households Blacktown 74,610 79,683 82,065 10.0% 9,487 11,102 17,028 79.5% 4,178 5,120 5,708 36.6% 728 426 554 -23.9% 24 71 358 1391.7% 89,030 96,402 105,709 18.7% Blue Mountains 26,509 27,116 27,618 4.2% 960 1,505 1,506 56.9% 772 623 639 -17.2% 68 106 112 64.7% 5 20 119 2280.0% 28,308 29,377 29,996 6.0% Camden 15,277 16,836 23,117 51.3% 542 1,054 1,521 180.6% 271 304 206 -24.0% 140 179 103 -26.4% 4 24 70 1650.0% 16,235 18,408 25,027 54.2% Campbelltown 38,510 39,278 40,786 5.9% 7,861 7,697 9,017 14.7% 1,363 1,937 2,437 78.8% 70 159 108 54.3% 21 23 131 523.8% 47,823 49,080 52,481 9.7% Canterbury-Bankstown 65,762 65,811 64,047 -2.6% 13,077 14,755 18,190 39.1% 24,908 26,742 30,218 21.3% 566 588 690 21.9% 68 254 434 538.2% 104,382 108,151 113,582 8.8% Cumberland 38,350 38,358 37,568 -2.0% 6,092 8,808 10,966 80.0% 14,263 16,227 18,469 29.5% 264 200 442 67.4% 77 70 364 372.7% 59,051 63,664 67,815 14.8% Fairfield 42,898 42,554 42,652 -0.6% 5,958 7,805 7,700 29.2% 7,022 7,076 8,389 19.5% 225 171 546 142.7% 26 59 289 1011.5% 56,132 57,666 59,574 6.1% Hawkesbury 18,120 18,596 19,199 6.0% 1,704 2,020 2,364 38.7% 848 806 535 -36.9% 462 305 241 -47.8% 3 14 193 6333.3% 21,142 21,743 22,541 6.6% Lithgow 7,052 7,309 7,393 4.8% 362 436 589 62.7% 245 253 160 -34.7% 80 108 421 426.3% 10 12 74 640.0% 7,746 8,117 8,627 11.4% Liverpool 40,240 41,968 46,492 15.5% 5,197 6,663 6,676 28.5% 6,586 7,694 9,219 40.0% 206 95 163 -20.9% 15 48 376 2406.7% 52,248 56,471 62,933 20.5% Parramatta 36,060 37,078 35,613 -1.2% 7,850 8,602 12,107 54.2% 19,841 24,447 31,829 60.4% 190 149 291 53.2% 309 122 326 5.5% 64,243 70,407 80,162 24.8% Penrith 49,943 49,817 54,018 8.2% 4,888 6,717 8,072 65.1% 3,679 4,575 4,402 19.7% 377 292 314 -16.7% 28 103 255 810.7% 58,913 61,501 67,066 13.8% The Hills Shire 36,776 38,384 40,297 9.6% 3,750 4,553 5,752 53.4% 1,582 2,083 2,784 76.0% 110 57 88 -20.0% 5 30 133 2560.0% 42,226 45,111 49,056 16.2% Wingecarribee 14,510 15,614 17,012 17.2% 1,048 1,244 1,145 9.3% 500 319 352 -29.6% 165 135 187 13.3% 0 19 134 N/A 16,222 17,337 18,829 16.1% Wollondilly 12,802 13,571 14,813 15.7% 307 431 686 123.5% 151 238 118 -21.9% 122 132 134 9.8% 3 5 58 1833.3% 13,382 14,372 15,809 18.1% Greater Western Sydney 495,857 509,050 528,285 6.5% 67,673 81,712 101,585 50.1% 85,464 97,872 114,953 34.5% 3,528 2,859 3,786 7.3% 588 843 3,106 428.2% 653,115 692,353 751,751 15.1% FACS WS District 287,420 296,341 303,771 5.7% 35,093 43,743 58,384 66.4% 45,408 54,134 64,526 42.1% 2,279 1,643 2,463 8.1% 461 442 1,822 295.2% 370,659 396,322 430,972 16.3% FACS SWS District 229,999 235,632 248,919 8.2% 33,990 39,649 44,935 32.2% 40,801 44,310 50,939 24.8% 1,494 1,459 1,931 29.3% 137 432 1,492 989.1% 306,424 321,485 348,235 13.6% Greater Sydney 938,772 954,317 957,477 2.0% 180,161 204,073 240,580 33.5% 390,676 431,576 501,793 28.4% 10,234 9,099 12,103 18.3% 1,316 2,465 7,721 486.7% 1,521,155 1,601,530 1,719,678 13.1% Rest of Sydney 442,915 445,267 429,192 -3.1% 112,488 122,361 138,995 23.6% 305,212 333,704 386,840 26.7% 6,706 6,240 8,317 24.0% 728 1,622 4,615 533.9% 868,040 909,177 967,927 11.5% NSW 1,721,779 1,773,532 1,810,711 5.2% 241,353 277,712 337,791 40.0% 470,496 512,130 573,302 21.9% 34,824 31,618 36,817 5.7% 2,009 4,207 16,231 707.9% 2,470,451 2,599,195 2,774,861 12.3% Proportion of households Blacktown 83.8% 82.7% 77.6% 10.7% 11.5% 16.1% 4.7% 5.3% 5.4% 0.8% 0.4% 0.5% 0.0% 0.1% 0.3% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Blue Mountains 93.6% 92.3% 92.1% 3.4% 5.1% 5.0% 2.7% 2.1% 2.1% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.0% 0.1% 0.4% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Camden 94.1% 91.5% 92.4% 3.3% 5.7% 6.1% 1.7% 1.7% 0.8% 0.9% 1.0% 0.4% 0.0% 0.1% 0.3% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Campbelltown 80.5% 80.0% 77.7% 16.4% 15.7% 17.2% 2.9% 3.9% 4.6% 0.1% 0.3% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Canterbury-Bankstown 63.0% 60.9% 56.4% 12.5% 13.6% 16.0% 23.9% 24.7% 26.6% 0.5% 0.5% 0.6% 0.1% 0.2% 0.4% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Cumberland 64.9% 60.3% 55.4% 10.3% 13.8% 16.2% 24.2% 25.5% 27.2% 0.4% 0.3% 0.7% 0.1% 0.1% 0.5% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Fairfield 76.4% 73.8% 71.6% 10.6% 13.5% 12.9% 12.5% 12.3% 14.1% 0.4% 0.3% 0.9% 0.0% 0.1% 0.5% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Hawkesbury 85.7% 85.5% 85.2% 8.1% 9.3% 10.5% 4.0% 3.7% 2.4% 2.2% 1.4% 1.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Lithgow 91.0% 90.0% 85.7% 4.7% 5.4% 6.8% 3.2% 3.1% 1.9% 1.0% 1.3% 4.9% 0.1% 0.1% 0.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Liverpool 77.0% 74.3% 73.9% 9.9% 11.8% 10.6% 12.6% 13.6% 14.6% 0.4% 0.2% 0.3% 0.0% 0.1% 0.6% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Parramatta 56.1% 52.7% 44.4% 12.2% 12.2% 15.1% 30.9% 34.7% 39.7% 0.3% 0.2% 0.4% 0.5% 0.2% 0.4% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Penrith 84.8% 81.0% 80.5% 8.3% 10.9% 12.0% 6.2% 7.4% 6.6% 0.6% 0.5% 0.5% 0.0% 0.2% 0.4% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% The Hills Shire 87.1% 85.1% 82.1% 8.9% 10.1% 11.7% 3.7% 4.6% 5.7% 0.3% 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.1% 0.3% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Wingecarribee 89.4% 90.1% 90.3% 6.5% 7.2% 6.1% 3.1% 1.8% 1.9% 1.0% 0.8% 1.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Wollondilly 95.7% 94.4% 93.7% 2.3% 3.0% 4.3% 1.1% 1.7% 0.7% 0.9% 0.9% 0.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.4% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Greater Western Sydney 75.9% 73.5% 70.3% 10.4% 11.8% 13.5% 13.1% 14.1% 15.3% 0.5% 0.4% 0.5% 0.1% 0.1% 0.4% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% FACS WS District 77.5% 74.8% 70.5% 9.5% 11.0% 13.5% 12.3% 13.7% 15.0% 0.6% 0.4% 0.6% 0.1% 0.1% 0.4% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% FACS SWS District 75.1% 73.3% 71.5% 11.1% 12.3% 12.9% 13.3% 13.8% 14.6% 0.5% 0.5% 0.6% 0.0% 0.1% 0.4% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Greater Sydney 61.7% 59.6% 55.7% 11.8% 12.7% 14.0% 25.7% 26.9% 29.2% 0.7% 0.6% 0.7% 0.1% 0.2% 0.4% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Rest of Sydney 51.0% 49.0% 44.3% 13.0% 13.5% 14.4% 35.2% 36.7% 40.0% 0.8% 0.7% 0.9% 0.1% 0.2% 0.5% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% NSW 69.7% 68.2% 65.3% 9.8% 10.7% 12.2% 19.0% 19.7% 20.7% 1.4% 1.2% 1.3% 0.1% 0.2% 0.6% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Source: ABS Census of Population and Housing 2016, Time Series Profile, Table T14

Appendix 2: Medium density dwellings (categories), GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2006-2016 Medium density dwellings, GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2006 - 2016 Semi-detached, row or terrace house Semi-detached, row or terrace house Semi-detached, row or terrace house (One storey) (Two or more storeys) (Total) LGA/Region Change Change Change Change Change Change 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006 2011 2016 2016 (no) 2016 (%) 2006 2011 2016 2016 (no) 2016 (%) 2006 2011 2016 2016 (no) 2016 (%) Number of medium density dwellings Blacktown 4528 4004 6494 1,966 43.4% 4,956 7,101 10,537 5,581 112.6% 9,487 11,102 17,028 7,541 79.5% Blue Mountains 725 1005 878 153 21.1% 236 496 627 391 165.7% 960 1,505 1,506 546 56.9% Camden 369 663 898 529 143.4% 171 389 630 459 268.4% 542 1,054 1,521 979 180.6% Campbelltown 4187 3857 4174 -13 -0.3% 3,679 3,838 4,838 1,159 31.5% 7,861 7,697 9,017 1,156 14.7% Canterbury-Bankstown 5651 5446 4362 -1,289 -22.8% 7,427 9,305 13,825 6,398 86.1% 13,077 14,755 18,190 5,113 39.1% Cumberland 3258 4482 3551 293 9.0% 2,842 4,326 7,420 4,578 161.1% 6,092 8,808 10,966 4,874 80.0% Fairfield 2270 3171 1774 -496 -21.9% 3,687 4,638 5,918 2,231 60.5% 5,958 7,805 7,700 1,742 29.2% Hawkesbury 1263 1402 1781 518 41.0% 434 621 585 151 34.8% 1,704 2,020 2,364 660 38.7% Lithgow 312 406 492 180 57.7% 54 35 94 40 74.1% 362 436 589 227 62.7% Liverpool 2107 2459 1293 -814 -38.6% 3,093 4,203 5,388 2,295 74.2% 5,197 6,663 6,676 1,479 28.5% Parramatta 3061 3429 2730 -331 -10.8% 4,784 5,174 9,382 4,598 96.1% 7,850 8,602 12,107 4,257 54.2% Penrith 2183 2843 2932 749 34.3% 2,705 3,877 5,142 2,437 90.1% 4,888 6,717 8,072 3,184 65.1% The Hills Shire 760 970 1014 254 33.4% 2,992 3,583 4,737 1,745 58.3% 3,750 4,553 5,752 2,002 53.4% Wingecarribee 883 1065 821 -62 -7.0% 167 182 320 153 91.6% 1,048 1,244 1,145 97 9.3% Wollondilly 277 418 615 338 122.0% 28 10 66 38 135.7% 307 431 686 379 123.5% Greater Western Sydney 30,639 34,149 32,496 1,857 6.1% 37,034 47,561 69,095 32,061 86.6% 67,673 81,712 101,585 33,912 50.1% FACS WS District 16,090 18,541 19,872 3,782 23.5% 19,003 25,213 38,524 19,521 102.7% 35,093 43,743 58,384 23,291 66.4% FACS SWS District 15,744 17,079 13,937 -1,807 -11.5% 18,252 22,565 30,985 12,733 69.8% 33,990 39,649 44,935 10,945 32.2% Greater Sydney 79,710 87,128 87,364 7,654 9.6% 100,452 116,941 153,211 52,759 52.5% 180,161 204,073 240,580 60,419 33.5% Rest of Sydney 49,071 52,979 54,868 5,797 11.8% 63,418 69,380 84,116 20,698 32.6% 112,488 122,361 138,995 26,507 23.6% NSW 121,970 137,105 151,285 29,315 24.0% 119,381 140,602 186,498 67,117 56.2% 241,353 277,712 337,791 96,438 40.0% Proportion of medium density dwellings Blacktown 47.7% 36.1% 38.1% 52.2% 64.0% 61.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Blue Mountains 75.5% 66.8% 58.3% 24.6% 33.0% 41.6% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Camden 68.1% 62.9% 59.0% 31.5% 36.9% 41.4% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Campbelltown 53.3% 50.1% 46.3% 46.8% 49.9% 53.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Canterbury-Bankstown 43.2% 36.9% 24.0% 56.8% 63.1% 76.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Cumberland 53.5% 50.9% 32.4% 46.7% 49.1% 67.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Fairfield 38.1% 40.6% 23.0% 61.9% 59.4% 76.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Hawkesbury 74.1% 69.4% 75.3% 25.5% 30.7% 24.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Lithgow 86.2% 93.1% 83.5% 14.9% 8.0% 16.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Liverpool 40.5% 36.9% 19.4% 59.5% 63.1% 80.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Parramatta 39.0% 39.9% 22.5% 60.9% 60.1% 77.5% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Penrith 44.7% 42.3% 36.3% 55.3% 57.7% 63.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% The Hills Shire 20.3% 21.3% 17.6% 79.8% 78.7% 82.4% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Wingecarribee 84.3% 85.6% 71.7% 15.9% 14.6% 27.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Wollondilly 90.2% 97.0% 89.7% 9.1% 2.3% 9.6% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Greater Western Sydney 45.3% 41.8% 32.0% 54.7% 58.2% 68.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% FACS WS District 45.8% 42.4% 34.0% 54.2% 57.6% 66.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% FACS SWS District 46.3% 43.1% 31.0% 53.7% 56.9% 69.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Greater Sydney 44.2% 42.7% 36.3% 55.8% 57.3% 63.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Rest of Sydney 43.6% 43.3% 39.5% 56.4% 56.7% 60.5% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% NSW 50.5% 49.4% 44.8% 49.5% 50.6% 55.2% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Source: ABS Census of Population and Housing 2016, Time Series Profile, Table T14

Appendix 3: High density dwellings (categories), GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2006-2016 High density dwellings, GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2006 - 2016 Flat, unit or apartment (in a one or two storey block) Flat, unit or apartment (in a three storey block) Flat, unit or apartment (in a four or more storey block) Flat, unit or apartment (attached to a house) Flat, unit or apartment (Total)

LGA/Region Change Change Change Change Change Change Change Change Change Change 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006 2011 2016 2016 (no) 2016 (%) 2006 2011 2016 2016 (no) 2016 (%) 2006 2011 2016 2016 (no) 2016 (%) 2006 2011 2016 2016 (no) 2016 (%) 2006 2011 2016 2016 (no) 2016 (%) Number of high density dwellings Blacktown 1,293 1,298 1,725 432 33.4% 1,595 1,640 809 -786 -49.3% 1,195 2,029 3,116 1,921 160.8% 93 153 51 -42 -45.2% 4,178 5,120 5,708 1,530 36.6% Blue Mountains 570 451 468 -102 -17.9% 111 80 147 36 32.4% 15 4 11 -4 -26.7% 78 86 9 -69 -88.5% 772 623 639 -133 -17.2% Camden 241 258 167 -74 -30.7% 0 22 30 30 N/A 0 0 0 0 N/A 31 22 7 -24 -77.4% 271 304 206 -65 -24.0% Campbelltown 947 1,100 1,115 168 17.7% 202 476 436 234 115.8% 201 298 871 670 333.3% 17 63 24 7 41.2% 1,363 1,937 2,437 1,074 78.8% Canterbury-Bankstown 13,896 14,502 13,771 -125 -0.9% 8,170 8,456 10,861 2,691 32.9% 2,736 3,560 5,446 2,710 99.0% 110 225 142 32 29.1% 24,908 26,742 30,218 5,310 21.3% Cumberland 6,240 6,479 5,590 -650 -10.4% 4,936 6,902 7,439 2,503 50.7% 2,974 2,692 5,299 2,325 78.2% 114 158 149 35 30.7% 14,263 16,227 18,469 4,206 29.5% Fairfield 2,474 2,532 2,961 487 19.7% 3,082 3,064 3,148 66 2.1% 1,389 1,298 2,168 779 56.1% 74 179 110 36 48.6% 7,022 7,076 8,389 1,367 19.5% Hawkesbury 776 642 437 -339 -43.7% 39 79 89 50 128.2% 0 42 3 3 N/A 39 49 10 -29 -74.4% 848 806 535 -313 -36.9% Lithgow 215 204 131 -84 -39.1% 18 46 29 11 61.1% 0 0 0 0 N/A 5 5 0 -5 -100.0% 245 253 160 -85 -34.7% Liverpool 1,984 1,684 1,779 -205 -10.3% 2,541 3,010 4,501 1,960 77.1% 2,036 2,956 2,860 824 40.5% 25 40 77 52 208.0% 6,586 7,694 9,219 2,633 40.0% Parramatta 4,713 5,899 4,999 286 6.1% 8,949 10,222 9,967 1,018 11.4% 6,090 8,247 16,812 10,722 176.1% 87 76 52 -35 -40.2% 19,841 24,447 31,829 11,988 60.4% Penrith 1,827 1,892 1,841 14 0.8% 1,527 1,921 1,716 189 12.4% 260 505 791 531 204.2% 69 248 51 -18 -26.1% 3,679 4,575 4,402 723 19.7% The Hills Shire 636 468 654 18 2.8% 497 637 933 436 87.7% 382 902 1,168 786 205.8% 71 72 20 -51 -71.8% 1,582 2,083 2,784 1,202 76.0% Wingecarribee 444 272 344 -100 -22.5% 19 0 0 -19 -100.0% 0 10 3 3 N/A 41 30 8 -33 -80.5% 500 319 352 -148 -29.6% Wollondilly 107 182 101 -6 -5.6% 3 3 5 2 66.7% 0 0 0 0 N/A 38 55 3 -35 -92.1% 151 238 118 -33 -21.9% Greater Western Sydney 35,704 37,387 35,608 -96 -0.3% 31,652 36,512 40,081 8,429 26.6% 17,278 22,533 38,545 21,267 123.1% 846 1,426 705 -141 -16.7% 85,464 97,872 114,953 29,489 34.5% FACS WS District 16,270 17,333 15,845 -425 -2.6% 17,672 21,527 21,129 3,457 19.6% 10,916 14,421 27,200 16,284 149.2% 556 847 342 -214 -38.5% 45,408 54,134 64,526 19,118 42.1% FACS SWS District 20,093 20,530 20,238 145 0.7% 14,017 15,031 18,981 4,964 35.4% 6,362 8,122 11,348 4,986 78.4% 336 614 371 35 10.4% 40,801 44,310 50,939 10,138 24.8% Greater Sydney 102,587 104,030 102,954 367 0.4% 137,518 149,555 166,397 28,879 21.0% 147,577 174,851 230,420 82,843 56.1% 2,997 3,141 2,023 -974 -32.5% 390,676 431,576 501,793 111,117 28.4% Rest of Sydney 66,883 66,643 67,346 463 0.7% 105,866 113,043 126,316 20,450 19.3% 130,299 152,318 191,875 61,576 47.3% 2,151 1,715 1,318 -833 -38.7% 305,212 333,704 386,840 81,628 26.7% NSW 163,508 163,647 150,775 -12,733 -7.8% 147,045 160,099 177,796 30,751 20.9% 155,285 183,718 242,222 86,937 56.0% 4,655 4,658 2,511 -2,144 -46.1% 470,496 512,130 573,302 102,806 21.9% Proportion of high density dwellings Blacktown 30.9% 25.4% 30.2% 38.2% 32.0% 14.2% 28.6% 39.6% 54.6% 2.2% 3.0% 0.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Blue Mountains 73.8% 72.4% 73.2% 14.4% 12.8% 23.0% 1.9% 0.6% 1.7% 10.1% 13.8% 1.4% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Camden 88.9% 84.9% 81.1% 0.0% 7.2% 14.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 11.4% 7.2% 3.4% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Campbelltown 69.5% 56.8% 45.8% 14.8% 24.6% 17.9% 14.7% 15.4% 35.7% 1.2% 3.3% 1.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Canterbury-Bankstown 55.8% 54.2% 45.6% 32.8% 31.6% 35.9% 11.0% 13.3% 18.0% 0.4% 0.8% 0.5% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Cumberland 43.7% 39.9% 30.3% 34.6% 42.5% 40.3% 20.9% 16.6% 28.7% 0.8% 1.0% 0.8% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Fairfield 35.2% 35.8% 35.3% 43.9% 43.3% 37.5% 19.8% 18.3% 25.8% 1.1% 2.5% 1.3% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Hawkesbury 91.5% 79.7% 81.7% 4.6% 9.8% 16.6% 0.0% 5.2% 0.6% 4.6% 6.1% 1.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Lithgow 87.8% 80.6% 81.9% 7.3% 18.2% 18.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.0% 2.0% 0.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Liverpool 30.1% 21.9% 19.3% 38.6% 39.1% 48.8% 30.9% 38.4% 31.0% 0.4% 0.5% 0.8% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Parramatta 23.8% 24.1% 15.7% 45.1% 41.8% 31.3% 30.7% 33.7% 52.8% 0.4% 0.3% 0.2% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Penrith 49.7% 41.4% 41.8% 41.5% 42.0% 39.0% 7.1% 11.0% 18.0% 1.9% 5.4% 1.2% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% The Hills Shire 40.2% 22.5% 23.5% 31.4% 30.6% 33.5% 24.1% 43.3% 42.0% 4.5% 3.5% 0.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Wingecarribee 88.8% 85.3% 97.7% 3.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.1% 0.9% 8.2% 9.4% 2.3% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Wollondilly 70.9% 76.5% 85.6% 2.0% 1.3% 4.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 25.2% 23.1% 2.5% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Greater Western Sydney 41.8% 38.2% 31.0% 37.0% 37.3% 34.9% 20.2% 23.0% 33.5% 1.0% 1.5% 0.6% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% FACS WS District 35.8% 32.0% 24.6% 38.9% 39.8% 32.7% 24.0% 26.6% 42.2% 1.2% 1.6% 0.5% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% FACS SWS District 49.2% 46.3% 39.7% 34.4% 33.9% 37.3% 15.6% 18.3% 22.3% 0.8% 1.4% 0.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Greater Sydney 26.3% 24.1% 20.5% 35.2% 34.7% 33.2% 37.8% 40.5% 45.9% 0.8% 0.7% 0.4% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Rest of Sydney 21.9% 20.0% 17.4% 34.7% 33.9% 32.7% 42.7% 45.6% 49.6% 0.7% 0.5% 0.3% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% NSW 34.8% 32.0% 26.3% 31.3% 31.3% 31.0% 33.0% 35.9% 42.3% 1.0% 0.9% 0.4% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Source: ABS Census of Population and Housing 2016, Time Series Profile, Table T14

Appendix 4: Other dwelling (categories), GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2006-2016 Other dwelling, GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2006 - 2016 Caravan, cabin, houseboat Improvised home, tent, sleepers out House or flat attached to a shop, office etc Other dwelling (total)

LGA/Region Change Change Change Change Change Change Change Change 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006 2011 2016 2016 (no) 2016 (%) 2006 2011 2016 2016 (no) 2016 (%) 2006 2011 2016 2016 (no) 2016 (%) 2006 2011 2016 2016 (no) 2016 (%) Number of other dwelling Blacktown 618 302 270 -348 -56.3% 20 20 83 63 315.0% 91 113 198 107 117.6% 728 426 554 -174 -23.9% Blue Mountains 29 43 43 14 48.3% 6 33 28 22 366.7% 31 31 42 11 35.5% 68 106 112 44 64.7% Camden 115 158 76 -39 -33.9% 0 3 13 13 N/A 20 11 12 -8 -40.0% 140 179 103 -37 -26.4% Campbelltown 24 3 6 -18 -75.0% 3 12 19 16 533.3% 42 145 85 43 102.4% 70 159 108 38 54.3% Canterbury-Bankstown 100 61 15 -85 -85.0% 19 28 3 -16 -84.2% 441 501 674 233 52.8% 566 588 690 124 21.9% Cumberland 29 16 15 -14 -48.3% 21 15 57 36 171.4% 219 168 375 156 71.2% 264 200 442 178 67.4% Fairfield 112 72 98 -14 -12.5% 14 3 41 27 192.9% 103 97 410 307 298.1% 225 171 546 321 142.7% Hawkesbury 181 183 172 -9 -5.0% 231 46 33 -198 -85.7% 51 80 44 -7 -13.7% 462 305 241 -221 -47.8% Lithgow 45 53 48 3 6.7% 9 9 13 4 44.4% 24 44 353 329 1370.8% 80 108 421 341 426.3% Liverpool 151 46 49 -102 -67.5% 13 14 15 2 15.4% 42 35 93 51 121.4% 206 95 163 -43 -20.9% Parramatta 28 0 14 -14 -50.0% 76 62 26 -50 -65.8% 90 90 250 160 177.8% 190 149 291 101 53.2% Penrith 275 166 207 -68 -24.7% 42 48 51 9 21.4% 58 80 60 2 3.4% 377 292 314 -63 -16.7% The Hills Shire 93 46 54 -39 -41.9% 3 5 11 8 266.7% 20 13 25 5 25.0% 110 57 88 -22 -20.0% Wingecarribee 125 81 121 -4 -3.2% 5 12 27 22 440.0% 28 45 38 10 35.7% 165 135 187 22 13.3% Wollondilly 59 87 82 23 39.0% 16 18 15 -1 -6.3% 45 29 40 -5 -11.1% 122 132 134 12 9.8% Greater Western Sydney 1,814 1,183 1,101 -713 -39.3% 464 307 395 -69 -14.9% 1,253 1,393 2,308 1,055 84.2% 3,528 2,859 3,786 258 7.3% FACS WS District 1,298 809 823 -475 -36.6% 408 238 302 -106 -26.0% 584 619 1,347 763 130.7% 2,279 1,643 2,463 184 8.1% FACS SWS District 686 508 447 -239 -34.8% 70 90 133 63 90.0% 721 863 1,352 631 87.5% 1,494 1,459 1,931 437 29.3% Greater Sydney 4,221 3,212 3,136 -1,085 -25.7% 1,055 1,068 1,472 417 39.5% 4,964 4,820 7,504 2,540 51.2% 10,234 9,099 12,103 1,869 18.3% Rest of Sydney 2,407 2,029 2,035 -372 -15.5% 591 761 1,077 486 82.2% 3,711 3,427 5,196 1,485 40.0% 6,706 6,240 8,317 1,611 24.0% NSW 23,487 21,055 21,643 -1,844 -7.9% 2,982 2,456 3,796 814 27.3% 8,350 8,103 11,393 3,043 36.4% 34,824 31,618 36,817 1,993 5.7% Proportion of other dwelling Blacktown 84.9% 70.9% 48.7% 2.7% 4.7% 15.0% 12.5% 26.5% 35.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Blue Mountains 42.6% 40.6% 38.4% 8.8% 31.1% 25.0% 45.6% 29.2% 37.5% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Camden 82.1% 88.3% 73.8% 0.0% 1.7% 12.6% 14.3% 6.1% 11.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Campbelltown 34.3% 1.9% 5.6% 4.3% 7.5% 17.6% 60.0% 91.2% 78.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Canterbury-Bankstown 17.7% 10.4% 2.2% 3.4% 4.8% 0.4% 77.9% 85.2% 97.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Cumberland 11.0% 8.0% 3.4% 8.0% 7.5% 12.9% 83.0% 84.0% 84.8% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Fairfield 49.8% 42.1% 17.9% 6.2% 1.8% 7.5% 45.8% 56.7% 75.1% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Hawkesbury 39.2% 60.0% 71.4% 50.0% 15.1% 13.7% 11.0% 26.2% 18.3% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Lithgow 56.3% 49.1% 11.4% 11.3% 8.3% 3.1% 30.0% 40.7% 83.8% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Liverpool 73.3% 48.4% 30.1% 6.3% 14.7% 9.2% 20.4% 36.8% 57.1% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Parramatta 14.7% 0.0% 4.8% 40.0% 41.6% 8.9% 47.4% 60.4% 85.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Penrith 72.9% 56.8% 65.9% 11.1% 16.4% 16.2% 15.4% 27.4% 19.1% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% The Hills Shire 84.5% 80.7% 61.4% 2.7% 8.8% 12.5% 18.2% 22.8% 28.4% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Wingecarribee 75.8% 60.0% 64.7% 3.0% 8.9% 14.4% 17.0% 33.3% 20.3% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Wollondilly 48.4% 65.9% 61.2% 13.1% 13.6% 11.2% 36.9% 22.0% 29.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Greater Western Sydney 51.4% 41.4% 29.1% 13.2% 10.7% 10.4% 35.5% 48.7% 61.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% FACS WS District 57.0% 49.2% 33.4% 17.9% 14.5% 12.3% 25.6% 37.7% 54.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% FACS SWS District 45.9% 34.8% 23.1% 4.7% 6.2% 6.9% 48.3% 59.2% 70.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Greater Sydney 41.2% 35.3% 25.9% 10.3% 11.7% 12.2% 48.5% 53.0% 62.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Rest of Sydney 35.9% 32.5% 24.5% 8.8% 12.2% 12.9% 55.3% 54.9% 62.5% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

NSW 67.4% 66.6% 58.8% 8.6% 7.8% 10.3% 24.0% 25.6% 30.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Source: ABS Census of Population and Housing 2016, Time Series Profile, Table T14

Appendix 5: Tenure and landlord type, GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2006-2016 Tenure and landlord type, GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2006 - 2016 Owned outright Owned with a mortgage (a) Rented - Real estate agent Rented - state or territory housing authority (b) Rented - Person not in same household (b) Rented - housing cooperative/community/church group Change Change Change Change Change Change Change Change Change Change Change Change LGA/Region 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006-2016 2006-2016 2006 2011 2016 2016 (no) 2016 (%) 2006 2011 2016 2016 (no) 2016 (%) 2006 2011 2016 2016 (no) 2016 (%) 2006 2011 2016 2016 (no) 2016 (%) 2006 2011 2016 2016 (no) 2016 (%) 2006 2011 2016 (no) (%) Number of households Blacktown 20,946 21,849 22,784 1,838 8.8% 35,614 40,952 42,515 6,901 19.4% 12,907 14,270 19,292 6,385 49.5% 8,455 8,186 7,685 -770 -9.1% 3,672 4,317 4,285 613 16.7% 301 491 470 169 56.1% Blue Mountains 10,209 10,594 11,348 1,139 11.2% 10,940 11,435 11,379 439 4.0% 3,484 3,370 3,282 -202 -5.8% 412 352 394 -18 -4.4% 1,188 1,272 1,261 73 6.1% 155 199 207 52 33.5% Camden 4,042 4,687 5,861 1,819 45.0% 8,132 9,435 12,556 4,424 54.4% 1,950 2,130 3,693 1,743 89.4% 316 328 341 25 7.9% 615 715 755 140 22.8% 38 60 54 16 42.1% Campbelltown 10,842 11,465 12,151 1,309 12.1% 19,193 20,035 19,629 436 2.3% 6,294 6,519 9,042 2,748 43.7% 5,842 5,307 4,926 -916 -15.7% 1,704 1,991 1,931 227 13.3% 193 270 266 73 37.8% Canterbury-Bankstown 34,709 33,706 32,638 -2,071 -6.0% 28,168 32,210 32,031 3,863 13.7% 17,407 18,107 23,049 5,642 32.4% 8,064 8,020 8,312 248 3.1% 4,643 5,056 5,599 956 20.6% 640 887 904 264 41.3% Cumberland 17,480 17,112 16,587 -893 -5.1% 15,735 19,400 19,337 3,602 22.9% 12,060 12,673 16,401 4,341 36.0% 3,937 4,173 4,164 227 5.8% 2,981 3,484 3,860 879 29.5% 401 569 637 236 58.9% Fairfield 18,083 18,199 18,449 366 2.0% 17,207 18,128 16,543 -664 -3.9% 8,262 8,749 11,101 2,839 34.4% 4,181 4,179 4,372 191 4.6% 2,542 2,919 3,083 541 21.3% 323 421 447 124 38.4% Hawkesbury 6,107 6,261 6,588 481 7.9% 8,391 8,881 8,928 537 6.4% 2,607 2,760 3,112 505 19.4% 801 713 701 -100 -12.5% 938 1,053 889 -49 -5.2% 75 142 107 32 42.7% Lithgow 3,208 3,151 3,318 110 3.4% 2,152 2,441 2,320 168 7.8% 813 887 969 156 19.2% 438 415 417 -21 -4.8% 456 458 437 -19 -4.2% 35 21 28 -7 -20.0% Liverpool 11,942 12,953 14,193 2,251 18.8% 20,419 22,509 23,566 3,147 15.4% 7,544 8,411 10,973 3,429 45.5% 4,081 4,237 4,151 70 1.7% 1,803 2,151 2,246 443 24.6% 284 350 354 70 24.6% Parramatta 18,419 18,829 18,743 324 1.8% 18,487 22,325 23,273 4,786 25.9% 14,258 15,969 22,534 8,276 58.0% 3,416 3,598 3,532 116 3.4% 2,757 3,341 4,042 1,285 46.6% 386 624 628 242 62.7% Penrith 15,625 15,973 16,618 993 6.4% 24,640 26,061 26,001 1,361 5.5% 8,982 9,388 12,980 3,998 44.5% 2,549 2,654 2,610 61 2.4% 2,782 3,002 2,813 31 1.1% 206 295 360 154 74.8% The Hills Shire 14,371 15,531 16,590 2,219 15.4% 19,886 21,330 21,910 2,024 10.2% 4,425 4,539 6,315 1,890 42.7% 136 151 127 -9 -6.6% 1,148 1,350 1,325 177 15.4% 75 130 139 64 85.3% Wingecarribee 6,420 7,026 7,824 1,404 21.9% 5,359 5,688 5,882 523 9.8% 1,945 1,952 2,026 81 4.2% 400 389 370 -30 -7.5% 657 805 799 142 21.6% 110 156 114 4 3.6% Wollondilly 4,116 4,322 4,682 566 13.8% 6,444 6,937 7,591 1,147 17.8% 1,079 1,237 1,402 323 29.9% 143 134 141 -2 -1.4% 491 592 519 28 5.7% 53 88 52 -1 -1.9% Greater Western Sydney 186,891 191,481 197,232 10,341 5.5% 233,256 259,638 265,259 32,003 13.7% 101,259 108,122 143,176 41,917 41.4% 42,333 42,032 41,456 -877 -2.1% 27,264 31,243 32,608 5,344 19.6% 3,130 4,526 4,625 1,495 47.8% FACS WS District 106,365 109,300 112,576 6,211 5.8% 135,845 152,825 155,663 19,818 14.6% 59,536 63,856 84,885 25,349 42.6% 20,144 20,242 19,630 -514 -2.6% 15,922 18,277 18,912 2,990 18.8% 1,634 2,471 2,576 942 57.6% FACS SWS District 90,154 92,358 95,798 5,644 6.3% 104,922 114,942 117,798 12,876 12.3% 44,481 47,105 61,286 16,805 37.8% 23,027 22,594 22,613 -414 -1.8% 12,455 14,229 14,932 2,477 19.9% 1,641 2,232 2,191 550 33.5% Greater Sydney 457,417 465,410 475,996 18,579 4.1% 472,633 532,052 542,273 69,640 14.7% 280,103 303,598 375,355 95,252 34.0% 69,090 69,505 68,273 -817 -1.2% 74,749 84,303 86,210 11,461 15.3% 7,781 10,034 10,473 2,692 34.6% Rest of Sydney 270,526 273,929 278,764 8,238 3.0% 239,377 272,414 277,014 37,637 15.7% 178,844 195,476 232,179 53,335 29.8% 26,757 27,473 26,817 60 0.2% 47,485 53,060 53,602 6,117 12.9% 4,651 5,508 5,848 1,197 25.7% NSW 820,544 830,222 850,864 30,320 3.7% 745,336 828,137 844,376 99,040 13.3% 396,248 436,689 525,579 129,331 32.6% 109,491 109,557 105,556 -3,935 -3.6% 132,386 147,331 148,337 15,951 12.0% 14,827 17,469 17,713 2,886 19.5% Proportion of households Blacktown 23.5% 22.7% 21.6% 40.0% 42.5% 40.2% 14.5% 14.8% 18.3% 9.5% 8.5% 7.3% 4.1% 4.5% 4.1% 0.3% 0.5% 0.4% Blue Mountains 36.1% 36.1% 37.8% 38.6% 38.9% 37.9% 12.3% 11.5% 10.9% 1.5% 1.2% 1.3% 4.2% 4.3% 4.2% 0.5% 0.7% 0.7% Camden 24.9% 25.5% 23.4% 50.1% 51.3% 50.2% 12.0% 11.6% 14.8% 1.9% 1.8% 1.4% 3.8% 3.9% 3.0% 0.2% 0.3% 0.2% Campbelltown 22.7% 23.4% 23.2% 40.1% 40.8% 37.4% 13.2% 13.3% 17.2% 12.2% 10.8% 9.4% 3.6% 4.1% 3.7% 0.4% 0.6% 0.5% Canterbury-Bankstown 33.3% 31.2% 28.7% 27.0% 29.8% 28.2% 16.7% 16.7% 20.3% 7.7% 7.4% 7.3% 4.4% 4.7% 4.9% 0.6% 0.8% 0.8% Cumberland 29.6% 26.9% 24.5% 26.6% 30.5% 28.5% 20.4% 19.9% 24.2% 6.7% 6.6% 6.1% 5.0% 5.5% 5.7% 0.7% 0.9% 0.9% Fairfield 32.2% 31.6% 31.0% 30.7% 31.4% 27.8% 14.7% 15.2% 18.6% 7.4% 7.2% 7.3% 4.5% 5.1% 5.2% 0.6% 0.7% 0.8% Hawkesbury 28.9% 28.8% 29.2% 39.7% 40.8% 39.6% 12.3% 12.7% 13.8% 3.8% 3.3% 3.1% 4.4% 4.8% 3.9% 0.4% 0.7% 0.5% Lithgow 41.4% 38.8% 38.5% 27.8% 30.1% 26.9% 10.5% 10.9% 11.2% 5.7% 5.1% 4.8% 5.9% 5.6% 5.1% 0.5% 0.3% 0.3% Liverpool 22.9% 22.9% 22.6% 39.1% 39.9% 37.4% 14.4% 14.9% 17.4% 7.8% 7.5% 6.6% 3.5% 3.8% 3.6% 0.5% 0.6% 0.6% Parramatta 28.7% 26.7% 23.4% 28.8% 31.7% 29.0% 22.2% 22.7% 28.1% 5.3% 5.1% 4.4% 4.3% 4.7% 5.0% 0.6% 0.9% 0.8% Penrith 26.5% 26.0% 24.8% 41.8% 42.4% 38.8% 15.2% 15.3% 19.4% 4.3% 4.3% 3.9% 4.7% 4.9% 4.2% 0.3% 0.5% 0.5% The Hills Shire 34.0% 34.4% 33.8% 47.1% 47.3% 44.7% 10.5% 10.1% 12.9% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 2.7% 3.0% 2.7% 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% Wingecarribee 39.6% 40.5% 41.6% 33.0% 32.8% 31.2% 12.0% 11.3% 10.8% 2.5% 2.2% 2.0% 4.1% 4.6% 4.2% 0.7% 0.9% 0.6% Wollondilly 30.8% 30.1% 29.6% 48.2% 48.3% 48.0% 8.1% 8.6% 8.9% 1.1% 0.9% 0.9% 3.7% 4.1% 3.3% 0.4% 0.6% 0.3% Greater Western Sydney 28.6% 27.7% 26.2% 35.7% 37.5% 35.3% 15.5% 15.6% 19.0% 6.5% 6.1% 5.5% 4.2% 4.5% 4.3% 0.5% 0.7% 0.6% FACS WS District 28.7% 27.6% 26.1% 36.6% 38.6% 36.1% 16.1% 16.1% 19.7% 5.4% 5.1% 4.6% 4.3% 4.6% 4.4% 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% FACS SWS District 29.4% 28.7% 27.5% 34.2% 35.8% 33.8% 14.5% 14.7% 17.6% 7.5% 7.0% 6.5% 4.1% 4.4% 4.3% 0.5% 0.7% 0.6% Greater Sydney 30.1% 29.1% 27.7% 31.1% 33.2% 31.5% 18.4% 19.0% 21.8% 4.5% 4.3% 4.0% 4.9% 5.3% 5.0% 0.5% 0.6% 0.6% Rest of Sydney 31.2% 30.1% 28.8% 27.6% 30.0% 28.6% 20.6% 21.5% 24.0% 3.1% 3.0% 2.8% 5.5% 5.8% 5.5% 0.5% 0.6% 0.6% NSW 33.2% 31.9% 30.7% 30.2% 31.9% 30.4% 16.0% 16.8% 18.9% 4.4% 4.2% 3.8% 5.4% 5.7% 5.3% 0.6% 0.7% 0.6% Source: ABS Census of Population and Housing 2016, Time Series Profile, Table T18 (a) Includes dwellings being purchased under a shared equity scheme (b) Comprises dwellings being rented from a parent/other relative or other person (c) Comprises dwellings being rented through a 'Residential park (includes caravan parks and marinas)', 'Employer - Government (includes Defence Housing Authority)' and 'Employer - other employer' (d) Includes dwellings being occupied under a life tenure scheme

Appendix 5: Tenure and landlord type, GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2006-2016 (continued) Tenure and landlord type, GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2006 - 2016 Rented - other landlord type (c) Rented - Landlord type not stated Rented - Total Other tenure type (d) Tenure type not stated Total households Change Change Change Change Change Change Change Change Change Change Change Change 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006 2011 2016 2016 (no) 2016 (%) 2006 2011 2016 2016 (no) 2016 (%) 2006 2011 2016 2016 (no) 2016 (%) 2006 2011 2016 2016 (no) 2016 (%) 2006 2011 2016 2016 (no) 2016 (%) 2006 2011 2016 2016 (no) 2016 (%) Number of households 636 706 628 -8 -1.3% 522 375 383 -139 -26.6% 26,487 28,349 32,745 6,258 23.6% 402 505 581 179 44.5% 5,586 4,751 7,080 1,494 26.7% 89,030 96,402 105,709 16,679 18.7% 99 115 106 7 7.1% 143 141 103 -40 -28.0% 5,484 5,450 5,356 -128 -2.3% 236 292 266 30 12.7% 1,448 1,608 1,646 198 13.7% 28,308 29,377 29,996 1,688 6.0% 78 88 137 59 75.6% 73 60 64 -9 -12.3% 3,071 3,372 5,047 1,976 64.3% 142 159 240 98 69.0% 846 752 1,323 477 56.4% 16,235 18,408 25,027 8,792 54.2% 161 211 209 48 29.8% 283 168 188 -95 -33.6% 14,482 14,460 16,555 2,073 14.3% 235 355 505 270 114.9% 3,074 2,765 3,635 561 18.2% 47,823 49,080 52,481 4,658 9.7% 788 942 1,036 248 31.5% 738 564 599 -139 -18.8% 32,286 33,587 39,507 7,221 22.4% 568 711 739 171 30.1% 8,649 7,929 8,667 18 0.2% 104,382 108,151 113,582 9,200 8.8% 462 575 715 253 54.8% 409 357 341 -68 -16.6% 20,258 21,824 26,119 5,861 28.9% 336 442 452 116 34.5% 5,247 4,886 5,320 73 1.4% 59,051 63,664 67,815 8,764 14.8% 682 715 793 111 16.3% 376 325 303 -73 -19.4% 16,371 17,311 20,099 3,728 22.8% 224 370 397 173 77.2% 4,244 3,653 4,081 -163 -3.8% 56,132 57,666 59,574 3,442 6.1% 488 437 283 -205 -42.0% 134 139 110 -24 -17.9% 5,047 5,245 5,210 163 3.2% 112 149 173 61 54.5% 1,485 1,205 1,645 160 10.8% 21,142 21,743 22,541 1,399 6.6% 78 70 65 -13 -16.7% 66 64 46 -20 -30.3% 1,883 1,925 1,954 71 3.8% 67 66 84 17 25.4% 443 530 949 506 114.2% 7,746 8,117 8,627 881 11.4% 1,068 979 942 -126 -11.8% 386 298 298 -88 -22.8% 15,161 16,429 18,970 3,809 25.1% 237 298 433 196 82.7% 4,485 4,280 5,769 1,284 28.6% 52,248 56,471 62,933 10,685 20.5% 450 676 760 310 68.9% 441 339 282 -159 -36.1% 21,709 24,548 31,772 10,063 46.4% 637 642 799 162 25.4% 5,000 4,062 5,573 573 11.5% 64,243 70,407 80,162 15,919 24.8% 435 384 332 -103 -23.7% 342 264 238 -104 -30.4% 15,282 15,988 19,334 4,052 26.5% 247 286 312 65 26.3% 3,123 3,193 4,795 1,672 53.5% 58,913 61,501 67,066 8,153 13.8% 253 272 229 -24 -9.5% 165 151 134 -31 -18.8% 6,207 6,593 8,276 2,069 33.3% 238 311 498 260 109.2% 1,523 1,356 1,785 262 17.2% 42,226 45,111 49,056 6,830 16.2% 163 189 144 -19 -11.7% 140 134 110 -30 -21.4% 3,414 3,621 3,560 146 4.3% 143 165 200 57 39.9% 879 833 1,356 477 54.3% 16,222 17,337 18,829 2,607 16.1% 152 153 133 -19 -12.5% 113 100 70 -43 -38.1% 2,039 2,294 2,313 274 13.4% 82 112 189 107 130.5% 702 706 1,034 332 47.3% 13,382 14,372 15,809 2,427 18.1% 5,752 6,253 6,303 551 9.6% 4,125 3,281 3,113 -1,012 -24.5% 183,884 195,450 231,303 47,419 25.8% 3,696 4,632 5,584 1,888 51.1% 45,412 41,146 52,353 6,941 15.3% 653,115 692,353 751,751 98,636 15.1% 2,901 3,235 3,118 217 7.5% 2,222 1,830 1,637 -585 -26.3% 102,357 109,922 130,766 28,409 27.8% 2,275 2,693 3,165 890 39.1% 23,855 21,591 28,793 4,938 20.7% 370,659 396,322 430,972 60,313 16.3% 3,092 3,277 3,394 302 9.8% 2,109 1,649 1,632 -477 -22.6% 86,824 91,074 106,051 19,227 22.1% 1,631 2,170 2,703 1,072 65.7% 22,879 20,918 25,865 2,986 13.1% 306,424 321,485 348,235 41,811 13.6% 10,896 12,194 12,528 1,632 15.0% 9,738 7,812 7,235 -2,503 -25.7% 452,358 487,441 560,063 107,705 23.8% 10,756 12,144 14,560 3,804 35.4% 127,993 104,485 126,775 -1,218 -1.0% 1,521,155 1,601,530 1,719,678 198,523 13.1% 5,144 5,941 6,225 1,081 21.0% 5,613 4,531 4,122 -1,491 -26.6% 268,474 291,991 328,760 60,286 22.5% 7,060 7,512 8,976 1,916 27.1% 82,581 63,339 74,422 -8,159 -9.9% 868,040 909,177 967,927 99,887 11.5% 27,816 29,736 27,909 93 0.3% 19,887 16,060 14,445 -5,442 -27.4% 700,656 756,835 839,524 138,868 19.8% 20,071 21,451 24,987 4,916 24.5% 183,847 162,549 215,100 31,253 17.0% 2,470,451 2,599,195 2,774,861 304,410 12.3% Proportion of households 0.7% 0.7% 0.6% 0.6% 0.4% 0.4% 29.8% 29.4% 31.0% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 6.3% 4.9% 6.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 0.3% 0.4% 0.4% 0.5% 0.5% 0.3% 19.4% 18.6% 17.9% 0.8% 1.0% 0.9% 5.1% 5.5% 5.5% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.4% 0.3% 0.3% 18.9% 18.3% 20.2% 0.9% 0.9% 1.0% 5.2% 4.1% 5.3% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 0.3% 0.4% 0.4% 0.6% 0.3% 0.4% 30.3% 29.5% 31.5% 0.5% 0.7% 1.0% 6.4% 5.6% 6.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 0.8% 0.9% 0.9% 0.7% 0.5% 0.5% 30.9% 31.1% 34.8% 0.5% 0.7% 0.7% 8.3% 7.3% 7.6% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 0.8% 0.9% 1.1% 0.7% 0.6% 0.5% 34.3% 34.3% 38.5% 0.6% 0.7% 0.7% 8.9% 7.7% 7.8% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.3% 0.7% 0.6% 0.5% 29.2% 30.0% 33.7% 0.4% 0.6% 0.7% 7.6% 6.3% 6.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 2.3% 2.0% 1.3% 0.6% 0.6% 0.5% 23.9% 24.1% 23.1% 0.5% 0.7% 0.8% 7.0% 5.5% 7.3% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 1.0% 0.9% 0.8% 0.9% 0.8% 0.5% 24.3% 23.7% 22.6% 0.9% 0.8% 1.0% 5.7% 6.5% 11.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 2.0% 1.7% 1.5% 0.7% 0.5% 0.5% 29.0% 29.1% 30.1% 0.5% 0.5% 0.7% 8.6% 7.6% 9.2% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 0.7% 1.0% 0.9% 0.7% 0.5% 0.4% 33.8% 34.9% 39.6% 1.0% 0.9% 1.0% 7.8% 5.8% 7.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 0.7% 0.6% 0.5% 0.6% 0.4% 0.4% 25.9% 26.0% 28.8% 0.4% 0.5% 0.5% 5.3% 5.2% 7.1% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 0.6% 0.6% 0.5% 0.4% 0.3% 0.3% 14.7% 14.6% 16.9% 0.6% 0.7% 1.0% 3.6% 3.0% 3.6% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 1.0% 1.1% 0.8% 0.9% 0.8% 0.6% 21.0% 20.9% 18.9% 0.9% 1.0% 1.1% 5.4% 4.8% 7.2% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 1.1% 1.1% 0.8% 0.8% 0.7% 0.4% 15.2% 16.0% 14.6% 0.6% 0.8% 1.2% 5.2% 4.9% 6.5% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 0.9% 0.9% 0.8% 0.6% 0.5% 0.4% 28.2% 28.2% 30.8% 0.6% 0.7% 0.7% 7.0% 5.9% 7.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 0.8% 0.8% 0.7% 0.6% 0.5% 0.4% 27.6% 27.7% 30.3% 0.6% 0.7% 0.7% 6.4% 5.4% 6.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 0.7% 0.5% 0.5% 28.3% 28.3% 30.5% 0.5% 0.7% 0.8% 7.5% 6.5% 7.4% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 0.7% 0.8% 0.7% 0.6% 0.5% 0.4% 29.7% 30.4% 32.6% 0.7% 0.8% 0.8% 8.4% 6.5% 7.4% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 0.6% 0.7% 0.6% 0.6% 0.5% 0.4% 30.9% 32.1% 34.0% 0.8% 0.8% 0.9% 9.5% 7.0% 7.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 1.1% 1.1% 1.0% 0.8% 0.6% 0.5% 28.4% 29.1% 30.3% 0.8% 0.8% 0.9% 7.4% 6.3% 7.8% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Source: ABS Census of Population and Housing 2016, Time Series Profile, Table T18 (a) Includes dwellings being purchased under a shared equity scheme (b) Comprises dwellings being rented from a parent/other relative or other person (c) Comprises dwellings being rented through a 'Residential park (includes caravan parks and marinas)', 'Employer - Government (includes Defence Housing Authority)' and 'Employer - other employer' (d) Includes dwellings being occupied under a life tenure scheme

Appendix 6: Family type, GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2006-2016 Family type, GWS LGAs and comparative regions, 2006 - 2016 Couple family with no children Couple family with children One parent family Other family Lone person households Group households Other households (a) Total households

LGA/Region Change Change Change Change Change Change Change Change 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006- 2006 2011 2016 2016 2006 2011 2016 2016 2006 2011 2016 2016 2006 2011 2016 2016 2006 2011 2016 2016 2006 2011 2016 2016 2006 2011 2016 2016 2006 2011 2016 2016 Number of households Blacktown 16,928 18,332 19,122 13.0% 37,831 42,246 47,955 26.8% 13,620 14,648 14,840 9.0% 1,111 1,246 1,458 31.2% 14,188 15,099 15,362 8.3% 1,927 2,091 2,369 22.9% 3,427 2,745 4,597 34.1% 89,030 96,402 105,709 18.7% Blue Mountains 7,219 7,624 8,009 10.9% 9,185 9,170 9,091 -1.0% 3,025 3,080 3,074 1.6% 211 181 220 4.3% 6,841 7,183 7,386 8.0% 764 798 854 11.8% 1,061 1,339 1,363 28.5% 28,308 29,377 29,996 6.0% Camden 3,676 4,333 5,870 59.7% 7,615 8,415 11,578 52.0% 1,816 2,071 2,760 52.0% 123 148 211 71.5% 2,227 2,590 3,298 48.1% 279 323 360 29.0% 508 532 942 85.4% 16,235 18,408 25,027 54.2% Campbelltown 8,996 9,879 10,524 17.0% 18,992 18,635 19,935 5.0% 8,252 8,238 8,517 3.2% 535 625 656 22.6% 8,047 8,853 9,180 14.1% 922 1,048 1,161 25.9% 2,076 1,791 2,500 20.4% 47,823 49,080 52,481 9.7% Canterbury-Bankstown 20,206 20,563 21,019 4.0% 39,934 42,461 45,186 13.2% 13,415 14,585 14,920 11.2% 1,514 1,646 1,883 24.4% 21,553 21,199 21,173 -1.8% 2,497 2,712 3,589 43.7% 5,260 4,984 5,816 10.6% 104,382 108,151 113,582 8.8% Cumberland 10,950 12,001 12,319 12.5% 22,741 25,416 28,073 23.4% 7,460 8,064 7,968 6.8% 1,033 1,234 1,316 27.4% 11,604 11,660 11,610 0.1% 1,868 2,065 3,216 72.2% 3,390 3,226 3,310 -2.4% 59,051 63,664 67,815 14.8% Fairfield 9,298 9,642 9,802 5.4% 24,788 25,024 25,221 1.7% 9,434 10,233 10,634 12.7% 979 1,066 1,205 23.1% 8,338 8,738 9,002 8.0% 1,075 1,142 1,323 23.1% 2,221 1,828 2,381 7.2% 56,132 57,666 59,574 6.1% Hawkesbury 4,848 5,087 5,310 9.5% 8,131 8,120 8,256 1.5% 2,449 2,719 2,654 8.4% 152 168 189 24.3% 3,901 4,261 4,389 12.5% 515 496 510 -1.0% 1,144 901 1,232 7.7% 21,142 21,743 22,541 6.6% Lithgow 2,033 2,166 2,154 6.0% 2,161 2,028 1,929 -10.7% 860 935 967 12.4% 81 94 73 -9.9% 2,148 2,394 2,561 19.2% 157 178 188 19.7% 307 331 769 150.5% 7,746 8,117 8,627 11.4% Liverpool 9,111 9,640 10,311 13.2% 23,769 25,867 28,746 20.9% 6,980 7,916 8,699 24.6% 588 601 798 35.7% 7,879 8,596 9,208 16.9% 918 977 1,029 12.1% 2,995 2,880 4,145 38.4% 52,248 56,471 62,933 20.5% Parramatta 14,464 16,421 17,864 23.5% 22,204 25,424 30,699 38.3% 6,313 6,834 7,371 16.8% 1,044 1,112 1,139 9.1% 13,867 14,625 15,221 9.8% 2,642 2,768 3,533 33.7% 3,717 3,225 4,341 16.8% 64,243 70,407 80,162 24.8% Penrith 12,425 13,265 14,552 17.1% 23,660 23,687 24,963 5.5% 8,222 8,804 9,478 15.3% 636 736 784 23.3% 10,577 11,418 12,236 15.7% 1,403 1,476 1,656 18.0% 1,982 2,112 3,401 71.6% 58,913 61,501 67,066 13.8% The Hills Shire 10,050 10,734 11,195 11.4% 22,166 23,509 26,052 17.5% 3,385 3,845 4,048 19.6% 334 354 380 13.8% 4,519 5,053 5,424 20.0% 687 697 731 6.4% 1,089 929 1,216 11.7% 42,226 45,111 49,056 16.2% Wingecarribee 4,909 5,423 5,939 21.0% 4,770 4,737 4,937 3.5% 1,633 1,773 1,741 6.6% 104 123 119 14.4% 3,791 4,325 4,636 22.3% 350 315 379 8.3% 659 642 1,061 61.0% 16,222 17,337 18,829 16.1% Wollondilly 3,337 3,652 4,078 22.2% 5,988 6,171 6,843 14.3% 1,293 1,535 1,528 18.2% 84 108 104 23.8% 2,009 2,245 2,316 15.3% 177 237 232 31.1% 490 417 711 45.1% 13,382 14,372 15,809 18.1% Greater Western Sydney 131,508 141,173 149,975 14.0% 267,004 284,145 312,598 17.1% 85,664 92,572 96,491 12.6% 8,344 9,225 10,343 24.0% 115,550 121,520 125,805 8.9% 15,674 16,830 20,563 31.2% 29,360 26,909 35,955 22.5% 653,115 692,353 751,751 15.1% FACS WS District 78,917 85,630 90,525 14.7% 148,079 159,600 177,018 19.5% 45,334 48,929 50,400 11.2% 4,602 5,125 5,559 20.8% 67,645 71,693 74,189 9.7% 9,963 10,569 13,057 31.1% 16,117 14,808 20,229 25.5% 370,659 396,322 430,972 16.3% FACS SWS District 59,533 63,132 67,543 13.5% 125,856 131,310 142,446 13.2% 42,823 46,351 48,799 14.0% 3,927 4,317 4,976 26.7% 53,844 56,546 58,813 9.2% 6,218 6,754 8,073 29.8% 14,209 13,074 17,556 23.6% 306,424 321,485 348,235 13.6% Greater Sydney 335,412 361,159 385,859 15.0% 518,444 556,697 607,343 17.1% 160,638 173,046 179,463 11.7% 20,654 21,736 22,993 11.3% 328,485 343,808 351,423 7.0% 59,607 64,954 76,795 28.8% 97,921 80,136 95,804 -2.2% 1,521,155 1,601,530 1,719,678 13.1% Rest of Sydney 203,904 219,986 235,884 15.7% 251,440 272,552 294,745 17.2% 74,974 80,474 82,972 10.7% 12,310 12,511 12,650 2.8% 212,935 222,288 225,618 6.0% 43,933 48,124 56,232 28.0% 68,561 53,227 59,849 -12.7% 868,040 909,177 967,927 11.5% NSW 595,809 637,526 670,868 12.6% 786,019 823,011 875,264 11.4% 267,515 286,079 295,951 10.6% 29,154 30,784 32,440 11.3% 562,631 599,144 620,783 10.3% 87,093 94,753 109,009 25.2% 142,239 127,894 170,548 19.9% 2,470,451 2,599,195 2,774,861 12.3% Proportion of households Blacktown 19.0% 19.0% 21.5% 42.5% 43.8% 45.4% 15.3% 15.2% 14.0% 1.2% 1.3% 1.4% 15.9% 15.7% 14.5% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 3.8% 2.8% 4.3% 100% 100% 100% Blue Mountains 25.5% 26.0% 28.3% 32.4% 31.2% 30.3% 10.7% 10.5% 10.2% 0.7% 0.6% 0.7% 24.2% 24.5% 24.6% 2.7% 2.7% 2.8% 3.7% 4.6% 4.5% 100% 100% 100% Camden 22.6% 23.5% 36.2% 46.9% 45.7% 46.3% 11.2% 11.3% 11.0% 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% 13.7% 14.1% 13.2% 1.7% 1.8% 1.4% 3.1% 2.9% 3.8% 100% 100% 100% Campbelltown 18.8% 20.1% 22.0% 39.7% 38.0% 38.0% 17.3% 16.8% 16.2% 1.1% 1.3% 1.2% 16.8% 18.0% 17.5% 1.9% 2.1% 2.2% 4.3% 3.6% 4.8% 100% 100% 100% Canterbury-Bankstown 19.4% 19.0% 20.1% 38.3% 39.3% 39.8% 12.9% 13.5% 13.1% 1.5% 1.5% 1.7% 20.6% 19.6% 18.6% 2.4% 2.5% 3.2% 5.0% 4.6% 5.1% 100% 100% 100% Cumberland 18.5% 18.9% 20.9% 38.5% 39.9% 41.4% 12.6% 12.7% 11.7% 1.7% 1.9% 1.9% 19.7% 18.3% 17.1% 3.2% 3.2% 4.7% 5.7% 5.1% 4.9% 100% 100% 100% Fairfield 16.6% 16.7% 17.5% 44.2% 43.4% 42.3% 16.8% 17.7% 17.9% 1.7% 1.8% 2.0% 14.9% 15.2% 15.1% 1.9% 2.0% 2.2% 4.0% 3.2% 4.0% 100% 100% 100% Hawkesbury 22.9% 23.4% 25.1% 38.5% 37.3% 36.6% 11.6% 12.5% 11.8% 0.7% 0.8% 0.8% 18.5% 19.6% 19.5% 2.4% 2.3% 2.3% 5.4% 4.1% 5.5% 100% 100% 100% Lithgow 26.2% 26.7% 27.8% 27.9% 25.0% 22.4% 11.1% 11.5% 11.2% 1.0% 1.2% 0.8% 27.7% 29.5% 29.7% 2.0% 2.2% 2.2% 4.0% 4.1% 8.9% 100% 100% 100% Liverpool 17.4% 17.1% 19.7% 45.5% 45.8% 45.7% 13.4% 14.0% 13.8% 1.1% 1.1% 1.3% 15.1% 15.2% 14.6% 1.8% 1.7% 1.6% 5.7% 5.1% 6.6% 100% 100% 100% Parramatta 22.5% 23.3% 27.8% 34.6% 36.1% 38.3% 9.8% 9.7% 9.2% 1.6% 1.6% 1.4% 21.6% 20.8% 19.0% 4.1% 3.9% 4.4% 5.8% 4.6% 5.4% 100% 100% 100% Penrith 21.1% 21.6% 24.7% 40.2% 38.5% 37.2% 14.0% 14.3% 14.1% 1.1% 1.2% 1.2% 18.0% 18.6% 18.2% 2.4% 2.4% 2.5% 3.4% 3.4% 5.1% 100% 100% 100% The Hills Shire 23.8% 23.8% 26.5% 52.5% 52.1% 53.1% 8.0% 8.5% 8.3% 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% 10.7% 11.2% 11.1% 1.6% 1.5% 1.5% 2.6% 2.1% 2.5% 100% 100% 100% Wingecarribee 30.3% 31.3% 36.6% 29.4% 27.3% 26.2% 10.1% 10.2% 9.2% 0.6% 0.7% 0.6% 23.4% 24.9% 24.6% 2.2% 1.8% 2.0% 4.1% 3.7% 5.6% 100% 100% 100% Wollondilly 24.9% 25.4% 30.5% 44.7% 42.9% 43.3% 9.7% 10.7% 9.7% 0.6% 0.8% 0.7% 15.0% 15.6% 14.6% 1.3% 1.6% 1.5% 3.7% 2.9% 4.5% 100% 100% 100% Greater Western Sydney 20.1% 20.4% 23.0% 40.9% 41.0% 41.6% 13.1% 13.4% 12.8% 1.3% 1.3% 1.4% 17.7% 17.6% 16.7% 2.4% 2.4% 2.7% 4.5% 3.9% 4.8% 100% 100% 100% FACS WS District 21.3% 21.6% 24.4% 40.0% 40.3% 41.1% 12.2% 12.3% 11.7% 1.2% 1.3% 1.3% 18.2% 18.1% 17.2% 2.7% 2.7% 3.0% 4.3% 3.7% 4.7% 100% 100% 100% FACS SWS District 19.4% 19.6% 22.0% 41.1% 40.8% 40.9% 14.0% 14.4% 14.0% 1.3% 1.3% 1.4% 17.6% 17.6% 16.9% 2.0% 2.1% 2.3% 4.6% 4.1% 5.0% 100% 100% 100% Greater Sydney 22.0% 22.6% 25.4% 34.1% 34.8% 35.3% 10.6% 10.8% 10.4% 1.4% 1.4% 1.3% 21.6% 21.5% 20.4% 3.9% 4.1% 4.5% 6.4% 5.0% 5.6% 100% 100% 100% Rest of Sydney 23.5% 24.2% 27.2% 29.0% 30.0% 30.5% 8.6% 8.9% 8.6% 1.4% 1.4% 1.3% 24.5% 24.4% 23.3% 5.1% 5.3% 5.8% 7.9% 5.9% 6.2% 100% 100% 100% NSW 24.1% 24.5% 27.2% 31.8% 31.7% 31.5% 10.8% 11.0% 10.7% 1.2% 1.2% 1.2% 22.8% 23.1% 22.4% 3.5% 3.6% 3.9% 5.8% 4.9% 6.1% 100% 100% 100% Source: ABS Census of Population and Housing 2016, Time Series Profile, Table T14 (a) Comprises 'Visitors only' and 'Other non-classifiable' households