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Mare Nostrum Project Mare Nostrum Project Final Report: Legal-Institutional Instruments for Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in the Mediterranean 2016 Bridging the Legal-Institutional Gap in Mediterranean Coastline Management MARE NOSTRUM PROJECT: Bridging the Legal-Institutional Gap in Mediterranean Coastline Management Final Report: Legal -Institutional Instruments for Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in the Mediterranean Project Head: Rachelle Alterman Writing Team: Cygal Pellach and Dafna Carmon Additional Contributors: Na'ama Teschner Raanan Boral Mare Nostrum Project ENPI CBC MSB Grant Agreement I-A/1.3/093 MARE NOSTRUM marenostrumproject.eu [email protected] +972-48294018 +972-54-4563384 Bridging the Legal-Institutional Gap in Mediterranean Coastline Management MARE NOSTRUM PROJECT FINAL REPORT Legal-Institutional Instruments for Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in the Mediterranean Technion Academic Team: Rachelle Alterman (head), Dafna Carmon, Cygal Pellach, Raanan Boral, Na’ama Teschner Project management: Raanan Boral, Cygal Pellach Additional research inputs: Ines Calor, Iris Frankel-Cohen, Elena Korotkova, Dorit Garfunkel, Jesse Fox, Rachel Adam, Ronnie Ginat, Anna Hazan, Safira De La Sala. Administrative-financial Coordinator: Simon Van Dam Cover Design: Cygal Pellach Mare Nostrum Project ENPI CBC MSB Grant Agreement I-A/1.3/093 MARE NOSTRUM marenostrumproject.eu [email protected] +972-48294018 +972-54-4563384 © 2016 by the Mare Nostrum Partnership Statement about the Programme: The 2007-2013 ENPI CBC Mediterranean Sea Basin (MSB) Programme is a multilateral Cross-Border Cooperation initiative funded by the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI). The Programme objective is to promote the sustainable and harmonious cooperation process at the Mediterranean Basin level by dealing with the common challenges and enhancing its endogenous potential. It finances cooperation projects as a contribution to the economic, social, environmental and cultural development of the Mediterranean region. The following 14 countries participate in the Programme: Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon, Malta, Palestinian Authority, Portugal, Spain, Syria, Tunisia. The Joint Managing Authority (JMA) is the Autonomous Region of Sardinia (Italy). Official Programme languages are Arabic, English and French. Disclaimer: This publication has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union under the ENPI CBC Mediterranean Sea Basin Programme. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of MARE NOSTRUM Partnership and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union or of the Programme’s management structures. Financing: The MARE NOSTRUM project is implemented under the ENPI CBC Mediterranean Sea Basin Programme (www.enpicbcmed.eu). Its total budget is €4.3M and it is financed for the amount of €3.9M by the European Union through the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument. The ENPI CBC Med Programme aims at reinforcing cooperation between the European Union and partner countries regions placed along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea.” General statement on the European Union: The European Union is made up of 27 Member States who have decided to gradually link together their know-how, resources and destinies. Together, during a period of enlargement of 50 years, they have built a zone of stability, democracy and sustainable development whilst maintaining cultural diversity, tolerance and individual freedoms. The European Union is committed to sharing its achievements and its values with countries and peoples beyond its borders. ii Bridging the Legal-Institutional Gap in Mediterranean Coastline Management MARE NOSTRUM PROJECT PARTNERS Technion Institute for Research and Development (Israel) Project Head: Professor Rachelle Alterman, Principal Investigator. Municipality of Haifa (Israel) Municipality of Kavala (Greece) Municipality of Alexandroupolis (Greece) FEPORTS – Port Institute of Studies and Cooperation (Valencia, Spain) IRMCo – Integrated Resources Management Co Ltd (Malta) SPNI - Society for Protection of Nature in Israel University of Thessaly, Department of Planning and Regional Development (Greece) Professor Konstantinos Lalenis, Principal Investigator. Democritus University of Thrace (Greece) Professor Georgios Sylaios, Principal Investigator. ACPD – Amman Centre for Peace and Development (Jordan) INTERTEAM (Israel) MARE NOSTRUM PROJECT ASSOCIATE PARTNERS Partner countries: Evangelia Balla (Greece); Georgia Giannakourou (Greece); Kurt Xerri (Malta); Pablo Molina Alegre (Spain, Catalonia); Marc Darder (Spain, Catalonia); Marta Lora-Tamayo Vallvé (Spain). Other Mediterranean countries: Loic Prieur (France); Agnès Rachel Vince (France); Angela Barbanente (Italy); Enzo Falco (Italy), Francesco Lo Piccolo (Italy); Chiara Vicenti (Italy); Paulo V.D. Correia (Portugal); Naja Marot (Slovenia); Fatma Ünsal (Turkey). Other countries: Nicole Gurran (Australia); Helle Tegner Anker (Denmark); Gerold Janssen (Germany); Eva Maria Schachtner (Germany); Pieter Jong (Netherlands); Hendrik van Sandick (Netherlands); Dan Tarlock (USA). iii Bridging the Legal-Institutional Gap in Mediterranean Coastline Management Contents CHAPTER 1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 1 PART I THE MARE NOSTRUM PROJECT IN CONTEXT .................................................. 3 CHAPTER 2 Project Process......................................................................................... 4 2.1 Project team .................................................................................................................. 4 2.2 Stages of work ............................................................................................................ 10 2.3 Challenges and solutions ............................................................................................ 14 CHAPTER 3 Cross-border Cooperation ...................................................................... 16 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 16 3.2 Greek / Turkish border ................................................................................................ 17 3.3 Israeli / Jordanian border ............................................................................................ 24 CHAPTER 4 Capitalization Initiatives .......................................................................... 28 4.1 Scientific Model for Coastal Setbacks ......................................................................... 28 4.2 Model ICZM Observatory – Kavala .............................................................................. 29 4.3 Mare Nostrum Network of NGOs ................................................................................ 30 4.4 Ports and Cities Initiative ............................................................................................. 31 4.5 Expert Forums ............................................................................................................ 33 PART II CURRENT STATE OF LEGAL-INSTITUTIONAL INSTRUMENTS IN PARTNER COUNTRIES: .................................................................................................................... 34 COMPARATIVE VIEW ....................................................................................................... 34 CHAPTER 5 Introduction to our Analysis ..................................................................... 35 5.1 About this part ............................................................................................................. 35 5.2 Definitions ................................................................................................................... 35 5.3 The comparative dimensions ...................................................................................... 37 CHAPTER 6 Greece .................................................................................................... 46 6.1 The context: Introduction to coastal issues in Greece ................................................. 46 6.2 Definition of the coastline and coastal public domain .................................................. 48 6.3 Setback from the coastline (in which no construction is allowed) ................................ 49 6.4 Accessibility in the Greek coastal zone ....................................................................... 50 6.5 Compliance and enforcement in the coastal zone ....................................................... 51 6.6 Management and coordination .................................................................................... 52 6.7 Public participation and access to information ............................................................. 53 iv Bridging the Legal-Institutional Gap in Mediterranean Coastline Management CHAPTER 7 Spain ...................................................................................................... 54 7.1 The context: Introduction to coastal issues in Spain .................................................... 54 7.2 Definition of the coastline and coastal public domain .................................................. 56 7.3 Setback from the coastline (in which construction is restricted) ................................... 58 7.4 Access to and along the Spanish coastal
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