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Giuliano Vanghetti and the Innovation of “Cineplastic Operations”
HISTORICAL NEUROLOGY Giuliano Vanghetti and the innovation of “cineplastic operations” Peppino Tropea, PhD ABSTRACT Alberto Mazzoni, PhD Objective: Developing functional artificial limbs for amputees has been a centuries-old challenge * Silvestro Micera, PhD in medicine. We review the mechanical and neurologic principles of “cineplastic operations” and * Massimo Corbo, MD “plastic motors” used to restore movements in prostheses, with special attention to the work of Giuliano Vanghetti. We evaluated original publications describing cineplastic operations, biographic infor- Correspondence to Methods: Dr. Tropea: mation, writings, drawings, and unpublished letters from the Vanghetti library, preserved in Em- [email protected] poli, Italy, and performed a bibliographic search and comparison for similar procedures in the literature. Results: Vanghetti’s method for cineplastic operations differs from similar previous methods, being the first aimed at exploiting natural movements of the remnant muscles to activate the mechanical prosthesis, and the first to do so by directly connecting the prosthesis to the residual muscles and tendons. This represented a frame-changing innovation for that time and paved the way for current neuroprosthetic approaches. The first description of the method was published in 1898 and human studies started in 1900. The results of these studies were presented in 1905 and published in 1906 in Plastic and Kinematic Prosthesis. A German surgeon, Ferdinand Sauer- bruch, often acknowledged as the inventor of the method, published his first results in 1915. Conclusions: Vanghetti was the first to accurately perform and describe cineplastic operations for patients following an upper arm amputation. He considered the neurologic implications of the problem and, perhaps in an effort to provide more appropriate proprioceptive feedback, he intu- itively applied the prostheses so that they were functionally activated by the muscles of the prox- imal stump. -
10. Constructing a Cupid's Bow
10 CONSTRUCTING CUPIDS BOW ARTISTS ASSIST 17 THE THE YEARS MEDICAL ARTISTS WHEN PORTRAYING FINAL CLEFT RESULT CONSTRUCTED SURGEONS LIP INVARIABLY SYMMET RICAL CUPIDS BOW WITH THEIR PEN OR BRUSH THIS POSSIBLY INCREASED THE BUT THE THEIR POPULARITY WITH SURGEONS ANY SIMILARITY TO TRUE UNREAL HERE FEW POSTOPERATIVE RESULT WAS QUITE ARE REPRO OF OF THE FINAL RESULT OF METHODS THAT DUCTIONS ARTISTS CONCEPTS SHOWN WITH THE UNEQUIVOCALLY DESTROYED THE BOW YET CUPIDS BOW STILL STANDING IN ALL ITS GLORY FLJIA1 FINALLY THE SURGEON DOES IT IT WHEN THUS WAS AN IMPORTANT BREAKTHROUGH IN CLEFT LIP SURGERY THE NUMBER THE SURGEON ACTUALLY CREATED CUPIDS BOW ONE 121 GAIN THERE CHAMPION OF THIS DEVELOPMENT WAS THE CANADIAN LEMESUR THE TORONTO ICR PRIMARILY AN ORTHOPEDIC SURGEON WORKING AT HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN AS LEMESURIER HIMSELF ACKNOWLEDGED HIS OPERATION EXCEPT IN DETAIL WAS NOT ORIGINAL IN FACT IN 1884 40 AFTER MIRAULT MODIFIED THE GERMAN YEARS MALGAIGNE HAGEDORN DESIGNED QUADRILATERAL FLAP CLEFT LIP PROCEDURE WHICH WAS SO FAR AHEAD OF HIS TIME THAT IT TOOK 50 YEARS AND LEMESURIER TO IT ACCEPTANCE BEFORE AND AFTER WERE QUADRILATERAL FLAP DESIGNS HAGE DORN ACTUALLY GUSTAV SIMON HEIDELBERG SURGEON IN 1864 WAS THE FIRST TO INTRODUCE QUADRILATERAL FLAP OPERATION HIS MAIN BUT FLAP CAME FROM THE MEDIAL SIDE AND HAD SOME ADVANTAGES DID NOT CREATE CUPIDS BOW AND NEVER REACHED ANY DEGREE OF IN POPULARITY EXCEPT AS AN OCCASIONAL REPRODUCTION SURGICAL TEXT BOOKS KONIG ANOTHER EARLY QUADRILATERAL FLAP MAKER WAS FRANZ KBNIG HE TRAINED WITH LANGENBECK AND THEN -
The History of Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute
LETTERS FROM A LETTER FROM 2011 ) BOLOGNA, ITAly 100 The History of Rizzoli (Goldmund Luca Volpi by: Image Orthopaedic Institute – Written by Stefano Zaffagnini, Giulio M Marcheggiani Muccioli, A Grassi, M Marcacci, Italy been partially maintained to the present 1896 under King Umberto I, the leadership day. During the following centuries, the of the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute was complex underwent several renewals, in entrusted to Alessandro Codivilla, with accordance with the tastes of the periods. the aim of treating rickets and congenital As a result, the actual shape of the Rizzoli deformities. As the first director of Rizzoli, complex has been determined by the hands Codivilla (1861-1912), is thus considered the of many different architects from different founder of modern orthopaedics in Italy. historical periods with different tastes, Patients from all over Italy and even South each undertaking architectural additions. America travelled to Bologna to receive Despite its varied stylistic history, the Rizzoli medical treatment for a large number of complex is historically placed in the 16th orthopaedic pathologies and deformities, at The Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute hospital century, when the most representative the beginning of the 20th century. was founded in the 19th century by a local structures were built – the church, bell tower surgeon, Francesco Rizzoli, who purchased and cloisters. Vittorio Putti (1880-1940) succeeded Codivilla the monastic monumental complex of in leading the institute and elevated the San Michele in Bosco, situated on the hills The enviable value of the architectural and name of the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute south of Bologna, Italy. Rizzoli donated the artistic heritage of the monastery is well beyond national borders. -
Polio in Italy
Polio in Italy Bernardino Fantini (*) (*) Institute for the History of Medicine and Health, University of Geneva. [email protected] Dynamis Fecha de recepción: 23 de enero de 2012 [0211-9536] 2012; 32 (2): 329-359 Fecha de aceptación: 5 de marzo de 2012 SUMMARY: 1.—Introduction. 2.—The epidemiology of polio in Italy. 3.—The social and scientific reactions to the polio epidemics. 4.—The 1958 epidemics. 5.—The different actors. 6.—The vaccination campaign and the elimination of the disease. 7.—Changing attitudes in patients and the public. 8.—The origins of patient’s associations. 9.—The post-epidemic problems. The post-polio syndrome. 10.—Concluding remarks. ABSTRACT: The history of polio in Italy is relatively short because the particular social and demographic history of the country has actually compressed the most dramatic history of the polio epidemic into only 40 years, from the first severe epidemic just before World War II to the early 1980s, when the epidemic vanished thanks to an effective and country-wide vaccination campaign. The epidemic, however, had a formidable impact on medicine, public health, social attitudes and culture. An analysis of this case study can illustrate the impact of an epidemic of a severe disease on individual and collective life, and at the same time the efficacy of public health measures against it, and the importance of the social structure, state and private, in coping with the consequences of the epidemics. In this period, the attitude towards the handicapped changed from stigma and isolation to social integration, thanks especially to the changes in health legislation, social action and the initiatives of the patient’ associations. -
A Brief History of Urinary Incontinence and Its Treatment
A Brief History of Urinary Incontinence and its Treatment Chairman DIRK SCHULTHEISS (Germany) 19 CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION VI. SURGICAL TREATMENT: VESICOVAGINAL FISTULA II. EARLY REPORTS ON URINARY INCONTINENCE FROM ANTIQUITY VII. SURGICAL TREATMENT: TO THE 18th CENTURY STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE III. CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT VIII. INJECTION THERAPY IV. EXTERNAL DEVICES REFERENCES V. “ELECTROTHERAPY“ CORRESPONDENCE 20 A Brief History of Urinary Incontinence and its Treatment DIRK SCHULTHEISS (GERMANY) account of it and urine drops from his member without I. INTRODUCTION his knowing it ...“ [3, 5]. The „Papyrus Ebers“ consists of a collection of about 900 recipes for the treatment of a wide variety of partly poorly defined diseases. Ancient reports on urinary incontinence are rather Among them one can find remedies “to remove the rare and mainly address cases of extraurethral urine which runs to often“ and “to remove constant incontinence (e.g. due to a fistula acquired during running of the urine“ [4, 6, 7]. Furthermore these childbirth) or overflow incontinence (e.g. in males with Egyptian sources already mention devices for the urinary retention or after spinal cord injury). In later collection of urine in males and also pessaries for centuries several authors dealt with the problem of women. postoperative incontinence after perineal lithotomy. Defined surgical techniques for the cure of urinary An examination of the mummy Henhenit (about 2050 incontinence were not introduced before the 19th B.C.) by D. E. Derry in 1935 revealed a large century. First this was limited to fistula repair but at the vesicovaginal fistula which is most likely due to a birth end of the 19th century new procedures for stress trauma as it was accompanied by a laceration of the incontinence were introduced and became standard perineum [8, 9]. -
Polio in Italy
Polio in Italy Bernardino Fantini (*) (*) Institute for the History of Medicine and Health, University of Geneva. [email protected] Dynamis Fecha de recepción: 23 de enero de 2012 [0211-9536] 2012; 32 (2): 329-359 Fecha de aceptación: 5 de marzo de 2012 SUMMARY: 1.—Introduction. 2.—The epidemiology of polio in Italy. 3.—The social and scientific reactions to the polio epidemics. 4.—The 1958 epidemics. 5.—The different actors. 6.—The vaccination campaign and the elimination of the disease. 7.—Changing attitudes in patients and the public. 8.—The origins of patient’s associations. 9.—The post-epidemic problems. The post-polio syndrome. 10.—Concluding remarks. ABSTRACT: The history of polio in Italy is relatively short because the particular social and demographic history of the country has actually compressed the most dramatic history of the polio epidemic into only 40 years, from the first severe epidemic just before World War II to the early 1980s, when the epidemic vanished thanks to an effective and country-wide vaccination campaign. The epidemic, however, had a formidable impact on medicine, public health, social attitudes and culture. An analysis of this case study can illustrate the impact of an epidemic of a severe disease on individual and collective life, and at the same time the efficacy of public health measures against it, and the importance of the social structure, state and private, in coping with the consequences of the epidemics. In this period, the attitude towards the handicapped changed from stigma and isolation to social integration, thanks especially to the changes in health legislation, social action and the initiatives of the patient’ associations. -
History of The
HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN GYNECOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1876-1981 AND AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF OBSTETRICIANS AND GYNECOLOGISTS 1888-1981 EDWARD STEWART TAYLOR Denver, Colorado The C. V. Mosby Company ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI 1985 Copyright © 1985 by The C. V. Mosby Company All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or trans- mitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America The C. V. Mosby Company 11830 Westline Industrial Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63146 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Taylor, E. Stewart (Edward Stewart), 1911- History of the American Gynecological Society, 1876- 1981, and the American Associate of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 1888-1981. Includes index. 1. American Gynecological Society—History. 2. American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists—History. I. American Gynecological Society. II. American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. III. Title. [DNLM: Gynecology—history—United States. 2. Obstetrics— history—United States. 3. Societies, Medical—history— United States, WP 1 A512T] RG1.A567T39 1985 618'.06’073 85-4768 ISBN 0-8016-5101-8 GW/OB/RR 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 01/C/088 Contents Preface. ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction. ................................................................................................................................................ -
Vittorio Putti 1880-1940
VlTTORIO PUTTI* 1880-1940 Putti, after a thorough medical training, became the assistant to Alessandro Codivilla, director and chief sur- geon of the Jnstituto Ortopedico Rizzoli in Bologna. Codi- villa was one of the greatest orthopedic surgeons of all time. He was the first to employ an aseptic method for skeletal traction in fractures and osteoperiosteal grafts of bone to encourage osteogenesis. It was he who first de- vised efficient methods for tendon transplantation and for gentle reduction of congenital dislocations of the hip. Putti worked under this master, and at his death succeeded him as the director of the institute; he was also made professor of orthopedic surgery at the University of Bologna. He was an outstanding successor. Erudite, re- sourceful, skilful, with extraordinary executive ability, he built up the clinic to such an extent that it has become probably the most noted bone and joint center in the world. Some years ago the Clinical Surgical Club, whose members included the most famous American surgeons, made a series of visits to all the important surgical clinics of Europe. One of the members of the club, after his re- turn to America, said that in his estimation Professor Putti's clinic surpassed all the other clinics they saw, in organization, technic and efficiency. Putti was also chief surgeon to the Hospital for Tuberculosis at Cortina in the Dolomites and probably was responsible for its es- tablishment. Putti had close friends in both England and America. He had great affection for Sir Robert Jones, and before World War II was in close touch with many other Eng- lish orthopedic surgeons, especially Professor Harry Platt, of Manchester. -
Riccardo Galleazzi Was Born in Turin and Graduated in 1890; He Practised General Y En 1899 Obtuvo La Venia Docente
CARTELLS Italia:Layout 5 27/5/10 12:43 Página 1 188 Italia / Italy Riccardo Galleazzi nació en Turín y se licenció en 1890; se dedico a la cirugía Riccardo Galleazzi was born in Turin and graduated in 1890; he practised general y en 1899 obtuvo la venia docente. Entre 1900 y 1903 enseñó la general surgery and in 1899 obtained his teaching permit. Between Patología Quirúrgica en la Universidad de Turín y después pasó a ser Director 1900 and 1903 he taught Surgical Pathology at the University of Turin del Instituto Rachitici de Milán y de la Clínica Ortopédica Universitaria hasta and later became Director of Milan’s Istituto dei Rachitici and of the 1937. Esta figura eminente de la cirugía ortopédica italiana, fundó junto con University Orthopaedic Clinic until 1937. This eminent figure in Italian Codivilla la Società Italiana di Ortopedia y con Vittorio Putti la SICOT. Se le orthopaedic surgery founded, with Codivilla, the Società Italiana di debe la mejora de la asistencia a los amputados y los inválidos. Publicó Ortopedia and, with Vittorio Putti, the SICOT. Dr. Galleazzi’s work is muchos trabajos desde el Istituto dei Rachitici y su nombre ha quedado responsible for the improved medical care of amputees and invalids. He unido a la fractura diafisaria del radio con luxación radiocubital distal. Dirigió published many works from the Istituto dei Rachitici and his name has durante 35 años la revista Archivio di Ortopedia. become synonymous with the diaphysary fracture of the radius with distal radio-ulna dislocation. For 35 years Dr Galleazzi directed the publication Archivio di Ortopedia. -
LA BIBLIOGRAFIA DI SCAGLIETTI Quella Storia Un Po’ Così” (Dynamicom, La Ricca E Complessa Bibliogra a Del 2013)
“Oscar Scaglietti è la storia dell’Ortopedia La bibliografia Emanuele Grieco. Nato nel 1956, italiana, non semplicemente un suo per- vive e lavora a Bologna. Laurea in sonaggio! Lo è per la felice ventura di Scienze politiche. Si interessa di storia essere nato – professionalmente – sotto locale. Con Marilena Frati ha dato l’ala del grande maestro Vittorio Putti, di Scaglietti vita al progetto “L’Angolo della storia” pioniere della nuova specialità chirurgica a Salus Space, nell’area in cui il prof. nella prima metà del Novecento; e lo Contributo alla conoscenza Scaglietti fondò la Casa di cura “Villa è per la straordinaria capacità di avere Salus”. Autore nel 2018 del volume creato, a sua volta, una scuola di dei suoi lavori scientifici Da Villa Monti a Salus Space. Cronache altissimo livello, feconda di allievi che di una residenza storica bolognese. a cura di Emanuele Grieco ancora oggi ne perpetuano gli insegna- menti. Un nome che ha attraversato presentazione di Nunzio Spina Nunzio Spina. Nato nel 1957, vive più epoche, dunque, e che in qualche e lavora a Macerata. Medico specialista modo ne ha rappresentato la continuità in ortopedia, cura da dieci anni la ru- e il progresso, contribuendo a dare rino- brica “L’angolo della storia” sul Gior- manza mondiale alle città di Bologna nale Italiano di Ortopedia e Trauma- e Firenze. Pensavamo di sapere tutto tologia, pubblicando articoli originali. di lui, noi gli e nipoti della grande di- Autore anche delle seguenti monogra- nastia italiana di ortopedici; della sua e: “Alessandro Codivilla... negli aperti lunghissima carriera, dei suoi contributi cieli dell'Ortopedia” (Quasar, 2006), scientici, delle sue prodezze chirurgiche, “I congressi SIOT a Bologna: cento dei mille aneddoti che ancora circolano anni di storia” (Simple, 2007), “Alberto sul suo conto.. -
Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli
European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 2018; 22: 8569-8573 On the shoulders of giants: a history of success and a future of excellence – Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli P. TOMBA1, A. VIGANÒ1, A. GASBARRINI2 1Scientific Libraries, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy 2Department of Oncological and Degenerative Spine Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy Abstract. – In 1896 the Rizzoli Orthopedic In- and that it would be directed by him until his last stitute was inaugurated in Bologna, an import- days1. Unfortunately, this last part of the state- ant hospital whose history is strictly connect- ment would not be fulfilled, as just a few months ed with the development of the orthopedic dis- after his testament, Rizzoli passed away sud- cipline in Italy. The aim of this manuscript was to retrace the history of the institution by analyz- denly on May 24, 1880. Francesco Rizzoli (1809- ing the work of the main personalities who have 1880), who was primarily involved in general contributed to making the Italian Orthopedic In- surgery with particular reference to obstetrics, stitute still famous in the world today. was passionate about treating patients with mu- sculoskeletal deformities, so much so that he Key Words: would go on to design and invent new tools for History of Orthopedics, Francesco Rizzoli, Alessan- that discipline which, according to his correct dro Codivilla, Vittorio Putti. predictions, would be detached from the field of general surgery to become a branch in its own On the 28th day of June in 1896, the inaugura- right. Among his personal instruments, now pre- tion of the Rizzoli Orthopedics Institute took pla- served in the Rizzoli Hospital Library to be ad- ce in Bologna with the attendance of various di- mired, one can find, in addition to forceps and gnitaries and Italian royalty, officially giving other obstetrics instruments, amputation saws, birth to the national development of the orthope- ossivorous pliers and craniotomies and, above dic discipline. -
UNIVERSITÄTSKLINIKUM HAMBURG-EPPENDORF Die Darstellung Der
UNIVERSITÄTSKLINIKUM HAMBURG-EPPENDORF Zentrum für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin Prof. Dr. med. Alwin E. Goetz Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie Prof. Dr. med. Christian Zöllner Die Darstellung der Anästhesie in gängigen Lehrbüchern der Chirurgie in Deutschland von 1846 bis in die 1950er Jahre Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Medizin an der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Hamburg. vorgelegt von: Anna Hofmann aus Coburg Hamburg 2017 Angenommen von der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Hamburg am: 28.03.2018 Veröffentlicht mit Genehmigung der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Hamburg. Prüfungsausschuss, der/die Vorsitzende: Prof. Dr. Michael Goerig Prüfungsausschuss, zweite/r Gutachter/in: PD Dr. Rebecca Schwoch 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung .............................................................................................................. 7 1.1 Stand der Forschung und Fragestellung ....................................................... 8 1.2 Methoden ...................................................................................................... 9 2 Die ersten 100 Jahre der modernen Anästhesie - ein historischer Abriss ......... 12 2.1 Von Äther und Lachgas - Der Beginn der modernen Anästhesie ............... 12 2.2 Das Aufkommen des vermeintlich gefahrlosen Chloroforms und wieder zurück zum sicheren Äther .................................................................................... 14 2.3 Alternativen zur inhalativen Narkose werden entwickelt ............................