2096 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. MARCH 21,
Also, the petition of the Globe Tobacco Company and other to to relieve the sufferers by the overflow of the Mississippi River and bacco manufacturers of Detroit, Michigan, against any reduction of its tributaries ; the present tax on tobacco until it can be entrrely abolished-to the A joint resolution (H. R. No. 130) granting tho use of n,rticlcs, tents, same committee. &c., at the soldiers' reunio~ to be held at Grand I sland, Nebraska, Also, the petition of George W. Woodward and others, for legisla in the month of August, 1882 ; and tion to regula,te rates for travel and transportation on railroads A joint resolation (H. R. No. 132) granting tho nse of articles, tents, to the Committee on Commerce. &c., at the encampment of t.he Grand Army of the Republic of the Also, t.he petition of Leopold & Austrian, vessel-owners, and others Department of Pennsylvania on the battle-field of Gettysburgh, in interested in the business and shippin~ of Lake Superior, for the es July, 1882. tablishment of a harbor of refuge at urand Marais, in the State of HOUSE BILL REFERRED. Michigan-to the same committee. The bill (H. R. No. 327) for the relief of John W. Humphrey, l'e By Mr. HUMPHREY: Memorial of the Legislature of Wisconsin, ceived yesterday from the House 9f Representatives, wasreacl twice for the establishment of a mail-route in that State-to the Commit by its title, and referred to the Committee on Claims. tee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. PETITIONS AND 1\IEMORIALS. By Mr. MANNING: Papers relating to the claim of M. W. Young and of Thomas P. Young-severally to the Committee on War Claims. Mr. GEORGE. I present a memorial of the Legislature of the By Mr. McCOID: The petition of J. W. Hugel, for relief-to the State of 1\fississippi, earnestly urging action of Congress in aid of Select Committee on the Payment of Pensions, Bounty, and Back Pay. rebuilding the levees of the Mississippi. I ask that it may be printed Also, papers relating to the claim of Richard Middleton-to the in the RECORD. Committee on \Var Claims. The memorial was referred to the Committee on the Improvement By Mr. MUTCHLER: The petition of workingmen of Macungie, of the l'tfississippi River and its Tributaries, and ordered to be printed Pennsylvania, fOI" the passage of the bill fixing the rates of duty on in the RECORD, as follows: OFFICE OF SECRETARY OF STATE, manufactures of iron, steel, &c.-to the Committee on Ways and J ackson, Mississippi. Means. I, Henry C. Myers, secret;ary of state, do certify the memorial hereto attached By Mr. OURY: The petition of James R. Tully, M. D., and others, addressed to the Senate and House of Representatives of the Congress of the United relative to the treatment of Indian tribes-to the Committee on States, is a true and correct copy of the original now on file in this office. Given under my hand and the great seal of the State of Mississippi, hereunto Indian Affairs. affixed, this 9th day of-March, 1882. By Mr. PETTIBONE : The petition of Albira Trent, for a pension (SEAL.] HEJ\'"RY C. ~RS, Secretar!J of State. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. RANDALL : The resolutions relative to the treatment of To the honorable the Senate and House of Representatives the Hebrews in Russia, adopted at a meeting of citizens of Philadel of the United States in Congress assembled : phia, held March 4, 1882-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. The undersi~ed, who have been appointed by a resolution of the Legislature of the State of :Mississippi to prepare and submit to Congres a memorial upon the By Mr. Ril"'NEY: The remonstrance of the Boston and Arizona subject oflevees in the State of Missisl'i.ppi, and to solicit aid to repair the breaks Smelting and Reduction Company against the confirmation of a occasioned by the present flood, as well as to urge upon the national Legislature so-called Mexican land grant, designated as the San Juan de los the great importance of a common and intelligent levee systeru, to embrace the entire valley of the Mississippi River, at least from Cairo to New Orleans, respect Boquillos y Nogales-to the Committee on Private Land Claims. fully submit the following facts: By Mr. REED: The petition ofT. H. Haskell and others, of Cape Prior to the year 1858, what is known as the Yazoo Delta in the State of Mis· Elizabeth, Maine, asking that a pension be granted to Dolly Graf sis ippi, and comprising not less than ten thousand square miles, was a wild&ness, fam-to the Select Committee on the Payment of Pensions, Bounty, with here and there upon and near the banks of the MissisRippi River a plantation, protected in part by the owner and in part by local tax.at10n in the county. In and Back P ay. adequate as was the protection thus offered, so fertile was the soil and so inviting By Mr. JOHN B. RICE: Memorial of citizens of Tremont, Ohio, was the prospect, that this delta be"'an to rapidly fill up with the cotton planters in opposition to the adoption of the French metric system-to tho of that time, wbo soon demru1ded an'a receh·ed at the hantls of the Legislature of Committee on Coinage, ·weights, and Measures. the State, in 1 58, an intelligetn; and well-conceived levee system, whic!i embraced the whole of this tenitory, but whicb was sup:rorted by local taxation, whick, By Mr. J. S. ROBINSON: Paper relatin~ to the claim of Sarah though tben burrlensome, was cheerfully borne m consideration of the immense Jane Cameron-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. advantages derived from it; and since that time the people of this delta., by means , By Mr. SCRANTON: The petition of honorably discharged soldiers of local t.'lxation, have been fighting the inundations of the Mississippi River, and of Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, for the passage of the bill to es have received, except dnring the war, when all taxation and work was suspended, almost complete protection. tablish a soldiers' home at Erie, Pennsylvania-to the Committee on Tbe system of levees thus inaugurated wa-s, by the want of renewal occasioned Military Affairs. by the war and the military operations of that period, destroyed, and in 1865 the By Ml.·. 'l'ALBOTT: Paper r elating to the pension claim of David Yazoo Delta was, as to overflow, remitted to its orij!inal couclition. Sents-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. In 1865 and in 1871 several levee board.'l, supported by local taxation, were organ· ized for the protection of these alluvial lands, and by enormous local taxation, By 1\Ir. WILLIAM G. THOMPSON: The petitions of 410 citizens of amounting to the present time, in the aggregate, which includes the payment of a Poweshiek County, Iowa, for legislation for the suppression of polyg debt contracte Mr. GEORGE. I pi'esent a petition of citizens of ·washington mensions of whose trade will dwindle into the thO'U.sands should the rE.'trogressiou which we think certain in the absence of your aid ensue. County, Mississippi, now overflowed, praying for Congressional aid Commerce and navigation are so intimately blended that it is difficult to separate in rebuilding the levees of the Mississippi, which I ask may also be the effect upon the one from that upon the other. That the occurrence and con printed in the RECORD. • tinuance of crevasses such as now exist seriously impede and interfere with the The PRESIDENT p1·o tentpore. It can be printed in the RECORD if navigation of the Mississippi River can hardly at this day be disputed.. In sea ons of floOd, as at the present, steamers are unable to make their regular landings, to there be no objection. The Chair hears none. deliver t]l.eir freights or their mails. Trade between the delta and other sections The petition was referred to the Committee on the Improve~ent of the Union ceases, and their freights are diminished. They navigate a wild ()f the Mississippi River and its Tributaries, and ordered to be prmted waste of waters, with land-marks and object points swept away or submerged, in and in murky, bad weather are in constant danger of grounding on the submerged the RECORD, as follows: banks or losmg their way in overflowed cotton and corn fields. Timber is swept To the Smate and House of Represmtati:oes of the United States of America: from the banks and lodged permanently in the bed of the river, to become danger ous to vessels as the water recedes in the shape of snags. The trouble becomes Your memorialists, the citizens of Washington County, in the State of Missis· serious, too in low water. Then will be found below and in the vicinity of each :Sippi assembled in public meeting, respectfull,v; I? resent for your consideration their crevasse a deposit in the bed of the river, lessening its depth, and making its mem~rial asking for immediate and efficient aHl m rebuildiilg the shattered system .of levees hitherto protecting the Yazoo Delta from inundation. navigation difficult, uncertain, and dangerons . It would be unnecessary to set forth in detail the present pitiable condition of We earnestly press upon your consideration all of these important intereAts. We that section. The public prints have already spread through the land the tale of confidently assert that speedy and efficient action upon your part, the immediate woe of privation, destitution, starvation, homes destroyed, hopes blasted, com· appropriation of a sum sufficient to at once repair and make stronger and better merce and industry prostrated, and a people looking on in silent aaony as the piti· the shattered levees of the Yazoo Delta, will not onlyrestorethe confiaence, energy, less flood sweeps on a~d over what was but a few weeks ago one ofthe fairest por· and pluck of that c0untry, but will redound a. hundredfold to the benefit of the tiona of our common country. .And although the ingenmty of able reporters and commerce and business ol" at least one-third of our whole country. correspondents bas been taxed to the utmost in this respect they have presented What your memorialists ask is not aid to miti~rate the hardships of the present out a. faint outline of the cendition of things really existing. The na.tionaJ. Legis· hour; these we can stand; but it is aid in the shape of prevention;. aid that will lature ever ready to respond to the call of suffering humanity, at the first wail of give us hope for the future; aid that shall preolude the possibility of naked and .distre~s generously appropriated a part of the national treasure to the purchase of starving thousands from again callin"' upon the national Treasury {or clothing and food for the sufferers. While this may, and possibly will, be of some service, its for fooa; aid that will be in fact but a 1oan at usurious interest, and that will speed efl'ect will be purely temporary. It may. for a few days appease the pangs of hun· ily be returned a hundredfold into the Treasury of the nation. _ger, but it will do nothing toward restorinjl; the courage and energies of a people lir. BROWN presented a petition of citizens of Americus, Georgia, now paralyzed more by tlie outlook for the future than by the hoiTors of the pres praying for an adequate appropriation for the improvement of the ent. It is not so much food and clothing to tide them over the present disaater that harbor of the city of Savannah; which was referred to the Commit ~ur people need aa it is an assurance that immediate steps will be taken t<1 prevent tee on Commerce. its annual recurrence, and to enable them by their own industry to repair the re Mr. SAWYER presented a memorial of the Legislature ofWisconsin, verses and losses of the hour. Out of the abundant resources which we have been in favor of Government depositories for the savings of the industrial -enabled to gather in the past decade of comparative immunity we believe that un· aided we coUld pass through the present season with comparatively little of acttml classes; which was referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and. 1:1tarvation. But when we turn our eyes to the future and see our system oflevees Post-Roads. built at so great cost rent into fragments the breaches continually widening and He also presented a memorial of the Legislature of Wisconsin, in deepening, the country unable to respond in taxes for their immediate repair, the waters ajl;ain and again pouring through the crevasses with each annual nse of the favor of the establishment of a mail-route from Independence, in the river and each time extending its work of destruction, the stoutest hearts among county of Trempealeau, to Gilmanton, in the county of Buil'alo, and us qO:au, our energias are paralyzed, confidence is destroyed, credit lost, and dumb the establishment of a tri-weekly mail service; which was referred despair sits in the place of confident and courageous hope. Give to the inundated to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. .district the assurance that the national Treasury will at once come to its aid in the reconstruction of its levees, and despondency will give place to hope, despair to He also presented a memorial of the Legislature of Wisconsin, in -courage, and prostrate energy be quickened into renewed and acf:ive vital ..force: favor of the establishment of a mail route between the city of Lan Briefly, we present to you a retrospect of the levee system as 1t has e:nsted m caster and the village of Cassville, in Grant County, Wisconsin; Mississippi. Originally only the frfuges of the Yazoo Delta were settled ; the which wasreferred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. banks of the great rh·er and of interior bayous and lakes, they being the highest lllnds. Not more than 500,000 of the4,000,000 acres of cultivated land were occu_Pied He also presented a joint resolution of the Legislature of Wiscon in this way. The residue was left to be covered by the annual rise in the nver. sin, in favor of an early settlement of the claim of the State of Wis ·still, for these highest lauds protection of some sort was necessary against extreme consin against the United States for swamp and overflowed lands; floods. This was sought first by- neighborhood combinations among riparian own· which was referred to the Committee on Public Lands. · ers, then by the action of counties, and in 1858, by act of the Legislature, a scheme was devised by which the property of the whole 113lta. country should be taxedfor Mr. CALL. I present the petition of a large number of citizen~J :the construction and maintenance of levees, and a board of levee commissioners of Florida residing on the Gulf coast,. praying Con~ess to enact such was organized for the purpose of protecting with the revenue thus raised the legislation a-s will en11.ble them to have mail facilities, representing entire alluvial country. The passage of this law, and the immediate and efficient action of the board or· that there is a large commercilil interest on the coast of Florida, ganized under it, gave an immense impetns to the settleme•t and development of composed of vessels engaged in sponge and other fishing, aJii.d that the delta. Populition flowed in, and land heretofore considered worthless, solely through the action of the Post-Office Department they are deprived :because of the certainty of annaal overflow, was redeemed from the original wilder of all mail facilities. I move the reference of the petition to the Dess to cultivated plantation!!. The production of the delta was immensely in· -creased. At great cost, and within eighteen months, a system of levees affording Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. -comparative immunity was constructed from Tennessee to the mouth of the Yazoo The motion was agreed to. R:Wer. The war, with the cessation of the taxes and the abandonment of work by ADMISSION OF DAKOTA. 4;he board consequent thereon, to~ether with the destruction of the levees by the national forces in military operations, left us, in so far as protection from overflow Mr. HALE. I present the memorial of N. T. Palmer and others, was coneerned, almost in a state of nature. The levee system of the delta was a remonstrating against the admission of Dakota as a State. I wish -wreck; but a struggle for existence had to be waged ; levees were necessary to to say that the remonstranoe discloses a remarkable condition ·of .existence; cotton was at fabulous prices. In 1865 the riparian counties, including more than one-half the river front between the mouth of the Yazoo and the Ten· affairs in Dakota. In 1872 the eounty of Yankton, one of the l~rge nessee line, and a few years later the remainder of the riparian counties, a second counties in that Territory, under an act o_f the Legislative Asspmbly, time inaugurated by legislative enactment the levee system, again supported by sought for by the people of that county, Issued bonds to the amount taxation upon the -people of the district. This time a tax of $4 per bale on cotton of $:lOO,OOO to aid in the construction of the Dakota Southern Rail was levied, in addition to a tax on land, and this at a time when a tax of $12 per "bale was required from us at the hands of theNational Government. With the as road. The bonds having been issued, they were put upon the mar ·surance thus again given of protection from overflow the fertilitr, of our soil and ke-t, accompanied by representations of the leading men in the Ter genial character of our climate irresistibly invited immigration. rhe recently en ritory as to their being sound and good, and they were taken by franchised colored race in thousands deserted the less favored interior country and sought the alluvial lands, willing to pay the tax on the produet of their labor de people all over the United States, representing many different States. manded for protection, because the returns from that labor protected were so great. The road was built; the people of the Territory have got the benefit The cost of all this has been simply enormous. We underestimate when we say of it. It is the only road going into Yankton County, is running at that the inauguration and maintenance of the levee system from 1858 up to this this day, and everybody there is receiving the benefit of it. .date has been at a cost of$8,000,000. Yet, notwithstanding the burdensome tax ation incident thereto, our country has developed more rapidly and increa ed in After paying interest for a short time the county repudiated its -population in a ratio greater than a1most an:y other portion of the South. The cap obligations and declined to pay, and the bondholders were thrown Ital of theNorth and~as1i had just turned Its attention our way. Great railroad into the courts. They paRsed through all"the stages of litigation in corporations were about to :qet-work our delta with their beneficent highways of the Territory and in the United States court and made out.their case, commerce; great manufacturing companies were about to seat themselves in the heart of the cotton belt. Then comes the disaster of 1882. Our people are no longer and were awarded judgment, upon which the inhabitants or officials .able to furnish the revenue with which to repair the damage. The whole country of the Territory invoked the action of the Dakota Legislature to aid is submerged, and the staple upon which the tax for levees is laid will not be pro them in their repudiation, and the Legislative Assembly of Dakota -duced the cUITent year. The breaks will remain open, and again in 1883, and an· at once proceeded to pass different acts operatinu in favor of this nually thereafter, will come the floods, sweeping away costly levee-work still stand· ing and further disabling our population. Thousands in the lowest lands will eek repudiation by the county. Among other things, the protest shows other homes; year by year our inability will increase, our towns and cities dwindle that- into landing places, and finally the delta. revert to its ori.!Pnal state. .A few plant· After said Yankton County was defeated in its atte>mpt at repudiation throu~h ers will occupy the extremely high lands, making neighoorhood combinations for the courts, it applied to the Legislature of Dakota Territory for assistance in Its protection against excessive floods. The residue of The country, with its fertile effort.s to accomplish repudiation, whieh a-ssistance was promptly granted by the soil and almost tropical sun, will speedily become again a wilderness. It is this passa Mr. BLAIR, from the Committ-ee on Pensions, towhom was referred Mr. FRYE. I introduce this bill by request, but I have examined the petition of George C. Quick, praying for a special enactment it and it commends itself to my judgment. It provides for a new granting him a pension, submitted a report thereon, accompanied by route between here and New York City, and it involves no assist a~ill (S. No. 1532) granting a pension to George C. Quick. ance from the United States Government except the right. I move The bill was read twice by its title, and the report was ordered to the reference ofthe bill to the Committee on Railroads. be printed. The motion was agreed to. Mr. BLAIR, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom wasreferreu Mr. PLATT (by request) asked and, by unanimous consent, obtained the bill (H. R. No. 1017) granting an increase of pension to Charles leave to introduce a bill (S. No. 1537) to amend the statntes in rela H. Ordway, reported it without amendment, and submitted a report tion to patents; which was read twice by its title, and referred to thereon, which was ordered to be printed. the Committee on Patents. :.ur. MAXEY. I am instructed by the Committee on Military Af Mr. FARLEY asked and, by unanimous consent, obtained leave to fairs, to whom was referred the bill (S. No. 47~1) to place Colonel introduce a bill (S. No. 153t3) to provide for the t~ansfec of certain John H. Kin~, Ninth Infantry, brevet major-general United States Government property in the Territory of Arizona from the War .Army, upon tne retired list of the .Army, to submit an adverse report Department to the Interior Department for Indian school purposes; thereon, and move the indefinite postponement of the bill. I beg to which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee en state on behalf of the committee that the committee recognizes the Military Affairs. gallant and distinguished services of Colonel King; but after very He also asked and, by unanimous con ent, obtained leave to intro matnre deliberation on this question the committee has concluded, duce a bill (S. No. 1539) for the reliefofWilliamFranklin Grounds; and I believe without a dissenting voice that it wonld be unwise which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on and unsafe to depart from the law in this1 and like cases uy special Claims. le(J'islation. J\Ir. COKE (by request) asked and, by unanimous consent, obtained The report was ordered to be printed; and the bill was postponed leave to introduce a bill (S. No. 1540) for the relief of S. E. Ogden; indefinitely. · which was read twice by its title, and refen·ed to the Committee on Mr. JACKSON, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom was Po t-Offices and Post-Roads. referred the bill (S. No. 1118) granting a pension to Levi H. Naron, Mr. CALL (by1·equest) asked and, by unanimous consel\t, obtained submitted an adverse report thereon; which was ordered to be leave to introduce a bill (S. No. 1541) for the relief of Isaac E. printed, and the bill was postponed indefinitely. Palmer; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Com He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the bill mittee on Patents. (S. No. 1302) granting a pension to John W. Hayes, submitted an Mr. MILLER, of New York, asked and, by unanimous consent, adverse report thereon; which was ordered to be printed, and the obtained leave to introduce a bill (S. No.1542) for the relief of James bill was postponed indefinitely. .A.rkell and Benjamin Smith; which }Va-s read twice by its title, and Mr. ILUIPTON, from the Committee on Military Affairs, to whom referred to the Committee on Pensions. was recommitted the bill (S. No. 296) for the relief of Dr. A. Sidney He also asked and, by unanimous consent, obtained leave to intro Tebbs, reported it with an amendment. duce a bill (S. No. 1543} for the relief of James Arkell, Benjamin Mr. SLATER, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom was re Smith, and Adam Smith; which was read twice by its title, and ferred the bill (S. No. 357) granting a pension to Horace S. Spear, referred to the Committee on Pensions. submitted an adverse report thereon; which was ordered to ue He also a-sked and, by unanimous consent, obtained leave to intro printed. duce a bill (S. No. 1G44) for the erection of a public building at He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the bill Brooklyn, New York, for use a-s a post-office and United Statea court, (H. R. No. 24~) to increase the pension of Henry Binnamon, sub and for the accommodation of United States internal-revenue offi mitted an adverse report thereon; which was ordered to be printed, cials, and for other Government purpo es; which was read twice by and the bill was postponed indefinitely. its title, and referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and Mr. TELLER, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom was re Grounds. ferred the petition of John Johnson, prayin~ for arrears of pension, Mr. PLUMB asked and, by unanimous consent, obtained leave· to submitted an adverse report thereon; which was ordered to be introduce a bill ( S. No. 1545) for the relief of Josiah Elkins; which printed, and the committee were discharged from the further con was read twice by its title, and refened to the Committee on Pen sideration of the petition. sions. Jltir. SEWELL, from the Committee on Military Affairs, to whom He also asked and, by unanimous consent, obtained leave to in was referred the bill (S. No. 139) for the relief of the legal represent troduce a bill (S. No. 1546) to increase the pension of George W. atives of William J. Budd, deceased, reported adversely thereon; Bausman; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Com and the bill was postponed indefinitely. mittee on Pensions. Mr. MITCHELL, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom was He also asked and, by unanimous consent, obtained leave to intro referred the bill (H. R. No. 2491) for the relief of Anna M. Marshall, duce a bill (S. No. 1547) relating to affidavits in land entries; which submitted a.n adverse report thereon; which was ordered to be was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Public prjnted, and the bill was postponed indefinitely. Lands. He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the bill Mr. PENDLETON asked and, by unanimous consent, obtained (H. R. No. 1:t06) granting a pension toJ\Irs. Kate L. Usher, submitted leavetointroduceajointresolution (S. R.No. 54)proposinganamend an adverse report thereon; which was ordered to be printed, and ment to the Constitution of the United States providing for the elec the bill was postponed indefinitely. tion of certain officers by the people; which was read twiee by its Mr. LOGAN, from the Committee on Military Affairs, to whom title, and referred to the Committee on Civil Service and Retrenc.h was referred the bill (S. No. 1337) for the relief of Alfred Pleasonton, ment. reported adversely thereon; and the bill was postponed indefinitely. PAPERS WITHDRA.WY AND REFERRED • .Mr. PLUMB, from t.he Committee on Pnblic Lands, to whom was On motion of .Mr. ALDRICH, it was referred the bill (S. No. 1408) granting public lands for the relief of Orde:red, That the papers in the case of William Herbert, sergeant; Company B~ certain citizens of the United States, asked to be discharged from Eleventh United States Infantry, be withdrawn from the files of the Senate ana its further consideration, and that it be referred to the Committee refe:red to the Committee on Military .Affairs. . on Private Land Claims; which was agreed to. On motion ofJ\Ir. FERRY, it was J\Ir. ROLLINS, from the Committee on Naval Affairs, submitted the views of the minority of the committee on the oill (S. No. 358) he~~rtib~~~:!!!~k::=g~Je~:f~~·s~:~~~~f~:f::ed~~~:~~ for the relief of Edward Bellows; which were ordered to be printed mittee on Finance. with the report of the committee in the case. PAPERS RETUlli.~D TO THE HOUSE. BILLS ~TRODUCED. O-dmotion of¥.r. COCKRELL, it was Ordf!l'ed, That t.he papers from the Honse of Representatives relating to the bill Mr. CAMERON, of Wisconsin, asked and, by unanimous consent, (H. R. No. 989) for the relief of Earnest Kubish be returned to the House of Rep obtained leave to introduce a bill (S. No. 1533) confirming certain resentatives. rights on the Chippewa River heretofore granted by the Le~latu.re CHTh"ESE L1i:MIGRATIO~. of the State of Wisconsin; which was read twice by its title, and Mr. HOAR submitted the following resolution; wlt.ich was consid referred to the Committee on Commerce. ered by unanimous consent, ahd agreed to : lir. JOHNSTON asked and, by unanimous consent, obtained leave Resolved, That the President be requested, if in his judgment not incompatible to introduce a bill (S. No. 1G34) for the relief of Ann Green and Ma with the publio interest, to communicate to the Senate the instructions g1ven in ria Bohrer, heirs-at-law 6f Lieutenant-Colonel Uriah Forrest; which the early part of the year 1880 to Mr. George F. Seward, then minister to Uhina., was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Revo concerning Chinese immigration and .a moilification.ef' existing trea.tie& relating thereto, and all correspondence between Mr. Seward and th.e Department of Staoo lutionary Claims. relating to said subject. Mr. MORGAN asked and, by unanimous consent,obtainedleaveto introduce a bill (S. No. 1535) for the relief of Charles A .. Sibley, THE C0:8GRESSIO~AL RECORD. guardian of Lloyd M. Stevens ; "\'\Ihich was read twice by its title, Mr. ANTHONY. I submit the following order, and as it relates to and, with the accompanying petition and papers, referred to the Com the convenience of Senators, I ask for its present considm:;ation: mittee on Military Affairs. Orde:red, That the superintendent of the folding-room deliver hereafter to the Mr. FRYE asked and, by unanimous consent, obtained leave to Secretary of the Senate twenty additional sets of the CONGRESSIONAL REcoRD of' each session of Congress for nse in the Senate Library, and that he supply addi. introduce a bill (S. No. 1536) to incorporate The National Railway tional copies of the back volumes of the CONGRESSIO~AL RECORD so far a.s ma.y be Company; which was rood twice by its title. practicable. 2100 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. MARCH 21, ftere are but ten copie~ of the RECORD now supplied to the Senate the said two years, the payment of the portion of such child shall cease to be paid to such child from the date on which such age shall be attained, but shall be added Li,rary, and these are frequeatly all out; and in order to supply to the amonnt to be paid to the remaining beneficiaries, if there be any. Senators the Librarian has been obliged to borrow of the Librarian of the House Library, where they have a hundred sets. Mr. McPHERSON. I rise for thepurpo eofaskingthecommittee The PRESIDENT pro tempo1'e. The question is on agreeing to the who have r6ported this bill if they will not consent to strike out sec order. tion 8. I am very anxious for the success of this bill. It necessarily The order wa agreed to. goes back to the House of Representatives to concur in our amend COINAGE OF GOLD A....·•m SILVER. ments, and I very much fear that this section is ingrafting into our laws a system of civil pensions which the Congress of the United :Mr. TELLER submit ted the following resolution~; which were States are not exactly prepared to do. ordered to lie on the table and be printed: I am willing to do anythino- that may be necessary to aid the life Resolved, That theeXP,erieru::e of mankind has demonstrated the necessity of the saving stations and the Life-Saving Service, but I fear that we shall nse of both gold and silver as circulating medium ; that the destruction of the money faculty of silver is in the interest of a few only and not calculated to bene have trouble in passing the eighth section of the bill. We have pro fit the great mass of mankind. vided in section 7 that if a member of a crew is disabled he shall Resolved, That it is the duty of the United States Government to provide a receive compensation during the time of his disability up to one mintage capacity equal to the annual domestic production of gold and silver, so year, and, i.u fact, for two years if the disability should continue for that the holders of bullion may freely convert the same into money without em· barrassing delay. • that leng h of time. Then the proposed eighth section provides for ALBERT H. EMERY. a pension to be given to the families of those who die by reason of Mr. FAIR. I wi h to give notice that on Friday next, after the wounds or injuries contracted in the service. \Vould it not be bet morning hour, I shall call up the bill (S. No. 111) for the relief of te:r;, I appeal to the committee, to adopt the amendment that I offered to the bill yesterday, increa-sin~ the pay of the surfmen Y The com Albert H. Emery. pensation of 40 a month is entirely insufficient to secure good, faith LIFE-SAVL.~G SERVICE. ful, and competent men for such hazardous service. ·Unless those The PRESIDENT pro tempore. There being no further morning employed as surfmen have been practically experienced, they are of business-the Senate resumes the consideration ofthefirst bill on the no conceivable use or benefit to tb~ service. I think the pay should Calendar under the Anthony rule. be increased to at least $60 per month, for they are only employed The Senate, as in Committee of the 'Vhole, resumed the consider six or seven months in the year at furthest on most of the stations, ation of the bill (H. R. No. 104.9) to promote the efficiency of the and that is during the inclement season and during the period of the Life-Saving Service, and to encourage the saving of life from ship year when the exposure is the greatest. wreck, the pending question being on the following amendment, Now, if we strike out the ei~hth section, or refuse to agree to the reported by the Committee o:q Commerce as section':/: committee's amendment inserting the eighth section, and If then the That if any keeper or member of a crew of a life-saving or life-boat station shall Senate will permit a sum to be fixed in the bill which seems to be be sa disabled by reason of any wonnd or injury received or disease contracted in adequate and proper by decl~g that the surfmen shall receive a the Life-Saving Service in the line of duty as to unfit him for the performance of duty such disability to be determined in such manner as shall be prescribed in compensation of not less than~ a month, I think there would be the ~gulations of the service, he shall be continued upon the :rolls of the service a very great amelioration of the present condition ; and at the same and entitled to receive his full pay during the continuance of such disability, not time we should do away with those features of the bill which seem to exceed the period of one year, Unless tlie general superintendent shall recom not to be exactly right, or at least not generally acceptable. mend, uyon a. statement of fact.s, the extension of the period through a portion or the whole of another year, and said recommendation receive the approval of the Mr. CONGER. I stated yesterday, Mr. President, and I repeat Secretary of the Treasury as just as reasonable; but in no case shall said disabled again to-day, that under the laws now in force there is no limitation, keeper or member of a crew be continued upon the rolls or receive pay for a longer except the discretion of the Department having charge of this serv period than two years. ice, to the pay of surfmen. The question being put on the amendment, a division was called Mr. McPHERSON. Will the Senator yield to me then onemo- for; and the ayes were 25. ment! Mr. SHERMAN. There is manifestly not a quorum voting, :md I Mr. CONGER. Not out of my :five minutes. Let me :finish. ask for the yea-s· and nays. Mr. McPHERSON. Why does not the Department give over $45 f The yeas and nays were ordered, and. taken. Mr. CONGER. I have here a certified copy of the law approved Mr. MILLER, of New York. I am paired with the Senator from June 18, 1878, which ha-s never been repealed, which ka-s been mod Maryland, [Mr. GROOME,] but I do not understand this to be a ified in two appropriation bills by limiting those '1-ppropriations for p • litical question and I have therefore voted. those particular years to the payment of surfmen not to exceed $40 Mr. JOHNSTON. I am requested by the Senator from Arkansas a month. I said that yesterday· but after I had said it it was con [M, . GARLAND] to say that he is paired with the Senator from Ver tradicted by gentlemen of this body more experienced and more versed mont, [Mr. EDMUNDS.] in the law than I am, but unfortunately mistaken i'n that regard. Mr. ALDRICH. I am paired on political questions with the Sen Section 7 of the act of June 18, 187B, says : ator from Maryland, [Mr. GoR~1AN,] but with the understanding SEC. 7. That it shall be the duty of the general superintendent to supervise the that I should vote upon this bill. organization and govenu:nent of the employes of the service; to prepare and revise The result was announced- yeas 35, nays 20; as follo'!s: regulations therefor as may be necessary; to fix the number and compensation of sui:fmen to be employed at the several stations within the provisions of law. YEAS-35. That is," within the appropr.i\Ltions." That is the law to-day. Last Aldrich. Davis of Dlinois, Jon.'ls, Ransom, Anthony, Farley, Jones of Florida, Rollins, year under that law, there being no restriction in the appropriation :Bayard, Ferry, Jones of Nevada, Sawyer, bill of last year to $40 q, month, the Secretary of the Treasury ia :Blair, Frye, Logan, Sewell, cre'l.sed the compensation of surfmen to $45; and it is now at that Call, Hampton, McMillan, Slater. $50, $1,000l Cameron of Pa., Hamson, McPherson, Teller, rate. He may increase it to to $60, to as far as the law is Cameron of Wis., Hawle,v: Miller of Cal., Walker, concerned. The complaint ha-s not been that the surfmen are not Coke, Hill of Color11.do, · Miller of N. Y., Windom. paid enough. The keepers, who are captains of the boat's crew and Conger, Johnston, Mitchell, responsible for all its management, sharing in the perils, with all the N.JlYS-20. responsibilities, have been paid heretofore only 400 a year, 33.~31- Allison, Davis of W. Va., Jackson, Pendleton, a month, while surfmen, the men that they employ, have received :Beck, Fair, McDill, Pugh $40 and $45. . The length of time they are employed is in the discre :Brown, Geor~e , Maxey, Saulsbury, tion of the Department, too. There was an evident propriety in Camden, HarriS, Morgan, Sherman, Hoar, Morrill, VanWyck. increasing the pay of these captains of the boats, and therefore the Cockrell, discretion in this bill is given that the Department may increase .A.BSENT-21. their pay according to the needs of each station not to exceed $800 :Butler, Grover , Lapham, Vest, in any case; but there is no limitation as to surfmen. In some plaoes Dawes, Hale, Mahone, Voorhees, Edmunds, Hill of Georgia, Platt, Williams. they ought to have a great deal more than in others if we contrast Garland, Ingalls, Plumb, the danger and the labor and the constant peril and exposure at the Gorman, K ellogg, Saunders, different stations. I have no objection to limiting it to $50 or 60 a Groome, Lamar, Vance, month. I think these men have come to be regarded as saviors by So the amendment was agreed to. all the people of the country who travel on boats. They have been The next amendment reported by the Committee on Commerce was ·wonderfully successful in saving the lives of our citizens. There is to insert as section ~ the following : scarcely any compensation that we would not give to the man who That if any- keeper or member of a crew of a life-saving or life-boat station shall saved our life or the lives of our friends or of our citizens; but there hereafter die by reason of any wound or injury received or disease contracted in has been no complaint before the committe e among all the memorialB the Life-Saving Service in the line of duty, leaving a widow, or a child orcbildren and all the petitions showing the necessity of an increase of what under sixteen years of age, such widow and child or children shall be entitled to receive, in equal portions, during a period of two years, under such regulations as the law now allows except that there should be a larger appropria the Secretary of the Trea.sury ma.y prescribe, the same amount, payable quarterly, tion to enable the Depar-tment to exercise its discretion; but in as far as practicable, that the husband or father would be entitled to rece1ve as pay regard to the keepers aud in regard to the superintendents there have jf be were alive and continued in the service : Provided, That if the widow shall come complaints from all over the country continuously. remarry at any time during the said two years, her portioB of said amount shall cease to be pa1d to her from the date of her remarriage, but shall be added to the Now, one word more. 'Vhat these surfmen desire, what they plead amount to oe paid to the remaining beneficiaries nuder the provisions of this sec with this Congress to give them, what they have asked for years, is tion, if there be any; and if any child shall arriveatthe a1.;e of sixteen years during that wuic.h our committeo propose in these amendments. There is a 1. 1882. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 2101 le~J: which was written by the Senator from Ohio wh(m he was in~ J;Us crews, and I also remind him of the fact that a s11perintendent SecrPtary of the Treasury to Speaker RANDALL in regard to the a bso in nis own vicinity lost his life in this very service, Superintendent lute uecessity ofprovifling that men who are disabled while in serv Sawyer. ice ou these stations should be provided for, and that if their lives are Mr. CONGER. Two -superintendents have lost their lives, not lost SQm0 support for their families should be provided. That is because there was a necessity that they should expose themselves to what they want. That letter speaks well for that Senator's heart, peril, but they were passing in boats from one station to another and and Congress would have done well if it had heeded it when it was the storm overtook them; they were not in the act of saving life; written and provided for them a-s we provide for them in this bill. but they were pensioned by Congress because they were in the dis-. The two sections proposed as amendments to this bill by the Com charge of duty. When these special cases arise Congress never fails mittee on Commerce furnish that which the surfinen, the laborers to do justice. · exposed to the danger, ask Congress to favor them with. 1\fr. FERRY. I state as coming under my own observation, in a The PRESIDENT pro ternpm·e. The Senator's time has expired. harbor near my own city, that the superintendent went with a crew Mr. COKE. I move that the Senator have leave to proceed. himself. It seemed to be necessary. There was a little hesitation, The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is it the unanimous wish of the Sen- the storm being so great, and 1;he superintendent wa-s ,there and went ate that the Senator from Michigan shall proceed! . with the crew, leadinO' them; and in such a case, if he should lose Mr. CONGER. I do not wish more time; I have said all I care to his life, the benefits of this section would not accrue to his widow. say. I call the attention of the committee to that. Mr. McPHERSON. Mr. President- Another thing: it seems to me that the language here would ex The PRESIDENT pro tempO"re. The Senator from New Jersey is out clude the widows and children of the crews if they die in the service of order; he has already spoken on this question. by drowning without receivin~ wounds or injuries. This applies to Mr. CALL. Mr. President, I should likesomeSenatorto give me a wounds or injuries in the serviCe, but not to loss of life by drown r eason why a man who has lost his life in the service of his country or ing. Why do not the committee insert H in service or" after the first in obedience to its laws should not have his wife and children taken word ''of," in line 3, so that it may include men who die. For in care of after his death. I venture to say that no Senator can give such stance, they are liable to be drowned, naturally without wounds or a reason. There is every ground of public policy and of right which diseases, in their attempt to rescue life. I think they ought to be demands it. To say that the country is not able to pay, and for Sen included. I offer that amendment to the amendment. ators to express a fear of a civil service pension, is no argument at all. Mr. CONGER. \Ve had an idea that the drowning of these men Why, sir, in Florida we have 1,400 miles of sea-coast. Within two would result from some kind of injury in the service-- years a vessel was stranded upon that coast and some fifty or sixty The PRESIDENT p1·o tempm·e. The Senator from Michigan [Mr. valuable lives were lost, amon~ them a distinguished officer of the CONGER] is out of order. Army of the United States, gomg upon duty to some distant point Mr. CONGER. The statement I made was very practical, how of the country. If there had been a life-station there that loss would ever. not have occurred. It was in the immediate vicinity of the shore. The PRESIDENT p1·o tentpore. The Senator from Michigan [Mr. There are few years in which there are not something like one hun FERRY] can proposo his amendment. clred lives lost, and millions of dollars of property, for the want of Mr. FERRY. I move in line 3, section 8, to insert after !c of" the this service. _ worcls "service or." Now, sir, I undertake to say that there is no proposition that is Mr. MAXEY. Mr. President, in opposing the amendment offered clearer than that if one of these men having a family should, by ex by the Committee on Cqmmerce I think that I should state the reasons posrn·e, lose his life in obedience to the laws fQr the service of all. all for that opposition in brief. · should pay for it by compensating his widow. It is no compensation We are getting to be altogether too liberal with other people's and it is no inducement to a man to give his life tQ any public serv money; we are reaching that point when it may be very questionable ice that he gets present remuneration for it. All governments and whether or not we are faithful trustees. A few days ago a distin all times have affirmed the propriety of the principle contained in guished citizen of the country, a man who has rendered conspicuous thi amendment: that when a man dies his fa,mily should be taken service, was lifted out of civil life by the action of the Senate, he car e of by those for whom he sacrifices his life. The country is amply having voluntarily gone back into civil life, and placed on the retired able to do it. I think it is idle to say that this country, with its list of the Army at an expense to the people of the United States of vast resources, cannot support the wives and children of the poor about $13,000 a year. I voted against that because it wa-s an enter surfmen who lose their lives in the preservation of the property of ing-wedge to taking up every distinguished man who had renderecl the country and the lives of the people in obedience to the public law. service and who ha-d friends who were sufficient to put him through But, :Mr. President, a word in regard to the compensation of the to place him practically on the list as a pensioner at a high rate at superintendents of this service. A proposition was made yesterday the expense ofthe people. . that the surfman should be paid more than now. I think he ought Again, day after day come in bills here to increase the amount to be paid $45, $50, $60, 70, or $80, according to his merit; but it allowed to pensioners on some special ground that that particular does not follow because a man is courageous, because he goes into case ought to have more pay than is allowed by tke general law, and the surf and saves life, that he is adequate to superintend a station. we in a spirit of gush go ahead and grant it. The committee have proposed in this bill a thousand dollars a year Again, clay after day there come before the Military Comntittee fQr the superintendent of the seven hundred miles of sea-coast who applications of men who went out of the Army, who rendered good has charge of the service on the coast of Florida. Sir, you cannot get service beyond doubt, and who are seeking to be put back with a view a man of business capacity, you cannot get a man of the moral quali of going on the retired list and thus to become high pensioners upon ties requisite to command the number of men needed there, for that the Government. Now, w by should this principle be adopted f These amount of money. Five thousand dollars would be well expended men go into this service with a full knowl~dge of all the risk s and to have an efficient, capable, earnest man, with a high sense of duty, dangers they take, and get pay accordingly. If this principle be engaged upon that service on that coast, and I shall move ·at the adopted, why not apply it in like manner to marshals and deputy mar appropriate time for an inQrease of that $1,000. It is entirely insuffi shals' They in thedischargeoftheirduty are killed not infrequently, cient. ancl why not pension their widows f Internal-revenue officers are The difficulty of the bill is that it does not appropriate half so killed, and why not pension their widows t Railway mail servants, much as it ought to do, and that the service is not half as efficient as route agents, mail messengers, and so on, are often broken np in se~-v it ought to be. It is within my knowledge that a thousand human ice. Why not pension their wives f And when a man has grown old beings have lost their lives in vessels, large and small, wrecked upon in the civil service and is no longer able to work, like old man Marr . the ooast of Florida, in those terrible gales that occur every two or in the Post-Office Department, why not take that man who bas served three years, within the period of my life-time. forty or fifty years and put him upon the retired list f If you do that, I support this bill and support it most heartily. I only regret that whatpracticaUydoyouhavef YouhavethatgreatEnglishcivilpen its provisions are not more ample and that the appropriations are sion list which would breakdown this people, and it is best to begin nat larger. There is no service in this Government that is more val at the beginning and oppose all these things. I can understand how uable and that contributes more to the preservation of life and prop you can talk about the surfmen, the danger of the surf, and the erty than the Life-Saving Service. bravery ofthesemenin saving life; I agree to all that; but it is better ~fr. FERRY. I heartily concur in the benefits provided in the for us to discharge our duty faithfully to the people, and, in my judg eighth section, but I desire to can the attention of my colleague to ment, we should begin at the beginning and resist all these appeals an omission, I think, here in not includinO' the widows and children to mercy against justice. of the superintendents in case of death. Why are they excluded! Mr. MORGAN. Mr. President, !feel bound to dissent entirely from Mr. CONGER. Because they do not put their lives necessarily in the views expreRsed by the Senator from Florida, [Mr. CALL.] The exposure to peril. They live and perform their duties in traveling a Senator from Florida a-ssumes it to be the duty of the United States thousand, or twelve hundred, or five thousand miles, and teaching the to provide for any man a pension who oomes into the public service, men, but they ru:e not exposed to actual peril, necessarily. The com the civil service of the Government, and provide for his family if his mand is not that they shall go out on the ocean among the breakers life is lost in that service. I think no doctrine could be stated that and risk their lives. They see that the system is well organized and is wilder, that is further from the correct principles of the adminis that the men do their duty; but these other men are exposed to tration of this Government, or further from the powers of Congress. actual peril constantly in the performance of their duties. \Ve have nothing to do with providing pensions for civil officers who Mr. FERRY. I remind my colleague of the fact that it becomes voluntarily enter into the service of the United States Government, necessary frequentlyforthe superintendent to lead the way in train- and who are always anxious to get into that service. They go into 2102 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. MARcH 21, that service with a. ftill knowledge of all perils that may be encoun is reversed. The people of this country in enacting ihAir laws say tered; they are volunteers in that service, not for the sake of patri to every person holdin(J' an official civil position that the honors of otism, not to serve a country that may be invaded by hostile forces the position and the salary are a full equivalent for all risk and al!l. or whose liberties may be threatened, but for the mere sake of pri duties. There is the distinction, J)fi'. President. In every civil em vate emolument and gain, for the sake of rendering that sort of serv ployment in this Government the honor of the position and the salacy ice iu which they have experience and avoiding some other that are intended by the people as the full equivalent for all service ankl they do not like quite so well. These men are usually very well paid; duties and risks anc~ . (}angers. I tell you, J)fr. Pre ident, the people and if there is any difficulty about the amount of pay, I am willing of this country, who are the only sovereigns and whose servant every to raise it; but I cannot subscribe to the doctrine, that it is any part civil employe is, will not justify their servants in placing themselves of the duty of the United States Government to provide against the above their masters, their employers. It is directly inimical to the casualty or loss of life on the part of its civil employes. very system of government under which we live. I called atoontion yesterday to the keepers of light-houses, to those Now, l\h. President, why pension these persons 'f Here is a United men who follow our mails on the fa t trains night and day to take States marshal that is required to go and arrest an offender against care of them at the peril of their lives. Now, look at another class the laws of the Government, and he is killed; are his family to be of citizens who 'exhibit I think as broad a humanity, as much heroism pensioned Here is a sheriff of a county in a State who, in attempt as any other class that can be referred to, those men who protect i ng to enforce the criminal proce s of the State, loses his life ; aro hi · our homes against fire in the night and in the day, the men who family to be pensioned f rescue from .burning buildings women andchilclren, sometimes by the Mr. President, all these civil employments are taken voluntarily; hundrecl at a time. Who ha ever thought of coming to the Con no man is compelled to take them; they are sought after ; they are gress of the United States to ask us to pension the firemen through taken eagerly; and they are taken with a distinct understanding out the United States' It is true that they are not in the service with the people, the taxpayers, that the honor of the position and of the Government of the Unitecl State , except in the District of the compensation allowed by law are the full equivalents of all duties Columbia· but who has ever thought here of introducing a bill to to be performed and of all risks to be assumed. There is no more pension the firemen of the District of Columbia who may become justice in pensioning this cla of persons than in pensioning United injured, or to pension the families of those who lose their lives in State marshals or their deputies, or in pensioning railroad employes, t·escuing persons from the danger of conflagration f or pensioning faithful employes in the various departments of the The principle, Mr. President, is all wrong, and as the Senator from Government; and it is only the first step to pensioning civil em Texas well said it is clri ving the wedge only a little deeper which after ployes of the Government, against which I enter my protest. o. while will inflict upon this Government a civil pension-list whose Mr. CALL. I should like to ask the Senator from l\lis ouri a ques burdens the taxpayer of this country will be unable to stand up tion. The Senator from Missouri says that-- unum.'. We are fast converting our Government anyhow into a sort The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The time of the Senator from Mis of hospital of refuge; we are fa t inviting men to come here for the souri has e.b..-pired, and therefore he is not privileged to answer a que - sake of getting higher pay than they can ~et anywhere else, and tion; and the Senator from Florida has already spoken. after they have served the Government, if they meet with some Jlfr. VOORHEES. The illustrations which have been given by the casualt in the course of that serVice we are held to the doctrine Senator from .Alabama and the Senator from Missouri a to the appli that we mu&t pension them. Sir, I cannot subscribe to this doc cation of this principle to other persons in the service of the Govern trine; I shall contend against it on every occasion when it may be ment fail when you come to examine them for a moment. The Sen presented, and no halo of romance can be thrown upon any subject ator from Missouri says you might as well pension a United States at all in connection with the civil service of the United States Gov, marshal who gets crippled in executing a process of the courts, or ernment which will induce me to violate the principles upon which his family if he gets killed. The Senator forgets that ninety-nina we ought to act and my duty as a Senator here in giving opposition hundredths of the duties of United States marshals have no dan to such bills. ger in them at ali. More than nine-tenths of the marshal's time is Mr. CALL. Will the Senator allow me to ask him a question f spent in perf~ct security; more than nine-tenths of his duties call Mr. MORGAN. Certainly. for no risk whatever. So in regard to railroad employes. Now and Mr. CALL. I should be very glad if the Senator from .Alabama then there is danger in running railroads, but the larger portion of would state to the Senate the di:fterence in principle, not in fact, the time there is no risk and no casualty. The service, however, that between a pension to a soldier and a pension to a man who has become these parties are en$aged in is extra-hazardous all the time; there disabled or lost his life in the Life-Saving Service. is not a moment ot security; on·the contrary, the very terms em Mr. MORGAN. I have never felt myself called upon to defend any ployed in the L being, may, when he comes t o calculate upon the condition ofhisim people whom it was professedly designed to benefit being mentioned iPOverished family, be unwilling t o leave them in that destitute situa in it at all. The Senate may remember that when .Artemu8 War4 tion and decline to incur the risk that may be necessary to eave the delivered his lecture on "Babes in the Wood" he 1>refaced it with lives of imperiled passengers on the high seas, whereas if he knows the statement that, probably, they might have heard the mbjoot of that his family is provided for in the event of his loss he may be the lecture before that evening, and, therefore, it was a bjoot he willing to put in operation all his bravery and his daring, and say, would not go into. The surfmen were not mentioned in thhr bill at '"I will make any risk for the salvation of these people." all, and as the Senator from Michigan, having charge of this bill, This js the principle upon which the pilot law is based. In nearly sought to get in the wake of the surfmen a lot of men whose. salary •every State in the Union the pilots enjoy privileges that are not he was multiplying by two and a half, I think he is not entitled to. " .accorded to other people. For instance, a ship coming into many reproach for not having had the surfmen named as parties. . , . :harbors of the United States is required to pay half-rates of pilotage, Six men last year were killed in the railway mail service of the whether any service is performed for the vessel or not; although she United States, and over fifty more were seriously injured. Now it may never be boarded she is required to contribute a certain sum of is said that they were doing prosy work, that they did not go out to • money in order to sustain this useful and important class of men who save anybody'slife; but I understand readily that whenever we do constantly expose themselves to danger for the protection of the gen a thin~ of this kind th~ principle is of very wide application, and eral commerce, and no service is performed at all. So, too, as to the the prmciple applies to all per. ons who lo e their live in the serv support of hospitals. These are services of an exceptional character, ice of the Government, whether it be in the saving of life or in the and this provision to be made for the families of the sufferer in case pre erva.tion of life or in carrying on any of the governmental oper he lose his life, and for himself in case he is crippled, is, in my judg ations that they are called on to do. If we are coming to that, let .ment, essential to the efficiency of the service, and upon that ground u come to it understandingly. But it seems to me that when we I shall vote for this provision of the bill. come to start in upon this business we might do it a little maturely The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on the amendment and see how the end it> going to work, and I am willing to apply it •of the Seur.tor from Michigan [Mr. l!'ERRY] to the amendment of the one year even if I am called mean for so doing. llr. SEWELL and Mr. McPHERSON addressed the Chair. Mr. MORGAN. I shall ask to be heard after the Military Academy The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from New Jersey on the bill is through. le.ft~ (Mr. SEWELL.] Th9PRESIDENT pro tempore. If there be no objection, the request Mr. McPHERSON. I now offer my amendment. of the Senator from Maine will be granted and the unfinished busi Mr. SEWELL. I desire to offeranam.endmenttothefifthsection, ness laid aside informally. The Senator from Alabama will be recog · covering the payment of the crews. I observe in the bill that the nized as soon as the Military Academy bill is through. pay of the superintendents-- Mr. MORGAN. I will say to the Senator from Iowa that I have Mr. McPHERSON. That was exactly the amendment I offe1·ed reasons, which I prefer not to mention, why I would rather say what yesterday. I have to say to-day. · Mr. SEWELL. I yield to my colleague. Mr. ALLISON. Very well. Mr. McPHERSON. I ask that my amendment be read. The PRESIDENT pro tmnpm·e. There is unanimous consent to take The AcTr...·•m SECRETARY. At the end of section 5, it is proposed up the Military Academy appropriation bill. Before it is proceeded to add "and the compensation of surfmen shall be 60 per month with, however, the Chair asks indulgence to lay before the Senate while employed." an amendment of the House of Representatives to a Senate bill. Mr. McPHERSON. I offered this amendment- Mr. HALE. Very well. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from New Jersey RAILROAD AT PLATTSBURGH. [Mr. SEWELL] yield the floo,rf Mr. SEWELL. I understand my colleague made this motion yes The PRESIDENT pro ternpore laid before the Senate the amend terday when I was not present. ment of the House of Representatives to the bill (S. No. 650) to au The PRESIDENT pro tentp01·e. It was not then in order, but he thorize the Secretary of War to release a right of way across lands of gave notice that he would offer it. the United States at Plattsburgh, New York, which wastoinsert in Mr. SEWELL. I yield to him. lineS,aftertheword "about," thewords "onehnndredandthirty." Mr. McPHERSON. The reason I offer this amendment is to fix Mr. SEWELL. I ask that that be considered at once and the absolutely the salary of the sur:fm.en. I understand from the honor amendment concurred in. able Senator from Michigan that it is now left entirely to the option Mr. MILLER, of New York. I move that the Senate concur in of the Secretary of the Treasury, subject, however, to the amount the amendment of the House. of money appropriated by Congress for the purpose. If the compen The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from New Jersey has sation is fixed by law, an appropriation sufficient to cover the asked that this bill be considered now. The Chair hears no objec amount will be necessary· but if a sufficient appropriation were tion. made as the law now stands, we have no guarantee whatever that Mr. HALE. I have no objection if it gives rise to no debate. the Secretary of the Treasury will see fit to pay the compensation The PRESIDENT pro tempo1·e. Then the question is on the motion that the Senate concur with the Honse of Representatives in the n~essary to employ suitable men. I know of one life-saving sta tion on the coast of New Jersey, the most impol:1;ant one in the whole amendment. range of coast from its location. I speak of the one at Sandy Hook. The amendment was concurred in. The Government owns about five miles of the sandy beac;Jl from Sandy MILITARY ACADEMY APPROPRI.A.TION BILL. Hoek down along the coast. In the summer season we have an The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, proceeded to consider abundance of mosquitos there, because the Government has never the bill (H. R. No. 4222) making appropriations for the support of improved the property, and it is in a most deplorable condition. In the Military Academy for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1883, and the winter the crew at that station is more exposed to the inclem for other purposes. ency of the season than on almost any other portion of the coast. It Mr. MORRILL. I ask the Senator froxft Maine to allow me to call is where the vessels arrive for and depart from the port ofNew Y•rk, up a bill reported this morning from the Committee on Finance of at the Narrows; it is the most important station, because the com considerable public importance, and have it pa-ssed. The Commit merce of the country is more important and extensive there than at tee on Finance reported more than a month ago the same bill in the any other point. I ~m told by the superintendent at that station identical language, and it is merely to provide for an omission in the tll.at it has been impossible for him to secure competent surfmen at present statutes which only allow warrants to be issued by justices the compensation given by the Government, and I think to-day I may of the peace, and there are no sueh officers in the city of NewYork. safely say that the crew at that station is not full-- Mr. HALE. I hold the floor by the courtesy and kindness of the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The hour of two o'clock having Senator from Alabama. arrived the Chair lays before the Senate the unfinished business, which Mr. MORRILL. If it takes a moment of debate I will not ask it. is Senate bill No. 22, and the Life-Saving Service bill goes over until Mr. MORGAN. I had supposed there could be no business before to-morrow. Upon the unfinished business the Senator from Alabama the Senate so important a.s the bill of the Senator from Vermont in [Mr. MORGAN] is entitled to the floor. respect to the tariff, and I therefore propose to antagonize that bill Mr. McPHERSON.· May I ask unanimous consent to finish the Life now with any other that may come before the Senate. Saving bill f It will take but a few moments. Mr. MORRILL. I do not make the request. The PRESIDENT pro tempm·e. Unanimous consent of course can :Mr. HALE. Let the reading of the bill proceed. continue the bill. · The Acting Secretary proceeded to read House bill No. 4222, report Mr. McPHERSON. It will only take a few moments to dispose of ed by the Committee on Appropriations with amendments. it. I think we can finish it in ten minutes. The PRESIDING OFFICER, (Mr. ANTHONY in the chair.) The Mr. BROW·N. There are atleastadozenamendmentsto be offered. amendments of the Committee on Appropriations will be considered Mr. HOAR. I hope the Senator from New Jersey will have unani as they are reached in the reading of the bill, if there be no objec mous consent to finish his speech. It is rather hard to have a five tion. minutes' speech broken in half and cut in the middle between two The first amendment was, in line 8'2, to increase the appropriation days. I ask that the Senator have leave to finish his remarks. "for clerk to treasurer" from 1,000 to 1,200. Mr. McPHERSON. I thank the Senator from Massachusetts; but The amendment was agreeU. to. if the bill be postponed until to-morrow, I prefer to close my remarks The next amendment was, after line 140, to insert: to-morrow. For construction of ponton train, $3,500. The PRESIDENT p1·o tempore. The Senator from New Jersey can The amendment was agreed to. have the floorto-morrow. It will be anbw case entirely to-morrow, and he will have five minutes then. The next amendment was, after line 195, to insert: Mr. HALE. I ask unanimous consent to take up the West Point For contingencies for Superintendent of the Academy, $1,000. appropriation bill for passacre. I have no belief that it will take The amendment was agreed to. much time, and it is desirable of course that we should get the ap The next amendment wa , after line 205, to insert: propriation bills out of the way. I ask the Senator from Alabama For swimming-bath for use and instruction of cadets, $5,000. to yield for that purpose. The amendment was agreed to. The PRESIDENT pro tempm·e. The Senator from Alabama has the The next amendment was, in line ~16, after the word "cadet-bar floor. Does he yield to the Senator from Maine f racks," to in ert "and for layincr the arne;" and in the same line to Mr. MORGAN. I have no objection, with the consent of the Sen strike out "three" and insert" ~our;" so as to make the clause read: ator from Delaware, [Mr. BAYARD,] to yield the floor to the Senator For new twelve.inch water-main from water.house to sally·port of cadet-bar from Maine [Mr. HALE] to consider the West Point appropriation racks, and for layin~ the same, $4,000. bill, if I can have the floor at the conclusion of that bill. The amendment was agreed to. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Iowa [Mr. ALLI The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend SON] also gave notice that on the conclusion of the Military Acad ments were concurred in. emy bill he would ask leave to take up another appropriation bill. The amendments were ordered to be engrossed and the bill to oo Mr. MORGAN. Will the Senator from Iowa insist upon taking up read a third time. the other appropriation bill to-day' The bill was read the third time, and passed. Mr. ALLISON. I shall be governed very much by the wishes of the Senator from Alabama. If it is his preference to go on to-day TARIFF ..U."D TAX COMMISSION. rather than to-morrow, I shall, of course, yield to him and allow Mr. BAYARD. I call for the regular order, Mr. President. him to finish his remarks to-day; otherwise I shall be glad io have The PRESIDING OFFICER. The re!mlar order is called fur,. both these appropriation bills out of the way. I will do whatever being the bill (S. No. 22) to provide for lhe appointment of a com the Senator from Alabama desires. missiOn to investigate the question of the tariff and internal-revenue 1882. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 2105 laws, on which the Senator from Alabama [Mr. MORGA...~] is entitled and manufacturing, to the markets of foreign countries and there to the floor. could have competed with those who enter those markets with us, Mr. MORGAN. Mr. President, the wide range taken by the Sena the reverses we sustained in our financial con.dition from 1872 to 1876- tor from Vermont [Mr. MORRILL] in his speeches on this bill shows would have been perfectly relieved against; and, sir, it is pitiful to that it was his purpose to open the discussion of the whole subject of think how much we lost and how much we could have saved if our 1he tari.ff, as well in its great outlines as in its details. The gauge tari.ff system had permitted-us to seek the markets of the world upon has been taken up, and enough has been said to cQD.vince the country terms on which we could compete with other countries. that the Senate is as competent to revise the tar:M as it was to enact The production of too much for home consumption is an evil against. it, without the aid of a commission of experts or doctrinaires. which we are constantly warned as the one fatal folly which we must Indeed, I do not see how it can now be urged that the Senate of the be careful to avoid. The Senator from Vermont, [lli. MORRILL,] United States through its committees or that the two Houses through who is facile princeps in the lead of all living American protectionists, a joint committee will not be able to give as thorough and as slkcess sends a. note of warning to the cotton-growers of the South and the ful attention to all the details of the reduetion and modification of wheat-growers of the West that they must cease this extravagant the tariff as they were able to give to the several enactments which production for foreign consumption at the peril of glutting the home have resulted in the present system. · market with a surfeit of raw material for the supply of bread and One of the most hurtful defects in the existing tari.ff is that it im clothing, and causing a calamitous decline of prices at home and poses both ad valorem and specific duties, at rates purely arbitrary, abroad and the ultimate transferofthe creamoftheir richsoil across npo:a a great number and variety of articles. The number of taxed the ocean in the form of cotton and grain. His fears are in vain as articles IS 2,000 or upward. Complaint is made from every quarter to the exhaustion of the country with cotton crops. against this feature of the present system, and this fact may lead That is a subject which is not quite well understood. It is supposed us, or force us, as I hope it will, into a general and speedy revision by many that the power of the South to produce cotton depends upon of the tari.ff. some peculiar quality of our soil, whereas the truth is that it depends. The complaints of the manufacturers against the tari.ff on m:whin almost exclusively upon the meteorology of the South. The Senator ery, wool, sugar, dye-stu.ffs, acids, and a great variety of other arti from Georgia who is nowlisteningto myremarks [Mr. BROWN] very cles which are necessary to their business are as loud and persistent well knows that an eminent agriculturist in Georgia, by various ex as are the ~rotestations of all classes of consumers in respect of the periments which he made in the growth of cotton, ha~ demonstrated heavy duties on manufactured articles. that the old worn-out fields in Georgia that have been abandoned No single interest in the country is satisfied with the tari.ff in all twenty, thirty, or forty years are just as capable of producing ful1 respects. None of them would probably oppose a general reduction crops of cotton of the very best quality as they ever were in their on all imports, unless it may be the sugar, rice, and wool growers, virgin state, and even more so; that the meteorology of the South and the manufacturers of steel rails, and of a few other articles. enables us to grow the plant with the aid of fertilizers, which we They have a market at home that requires a supply far beyond their can easily make at home, to any degree of abundance that we choose ;. power to produce these articles, and their income from the tM'i.ff is and the fact has been established now beyond all future question all clear profit, extorted by"law from their customers, the people at that in the South we shall continue to make as much cotton as we large. desire to bestow labor in the cultivation of. Our inheritance in that A few days since I was in conversation with an eminent woolen particular can never be taken from us; and to my mind it is a source ~eat manufacturer from the State of Massachusetts1 who is a statesman of gratification that the southern planters of cotton, through and politician as well as a manufacturer. He mformed me that he therr industry and skill, can renew the life of the South whenever had been engaged for twenty-five years in the manufacture of wool; and as often as they please. th:tt he had made some money out of it in spite of the oppressive The Senator from Vermont seems to be alarmed at the thought bearing of the tari.ffupon that industry. He stated that after pay that a superabundance of cotton will so decrease the price that it ing a duty of 30 per cent. upon the wools that were necessary in his will be impossible for us to send any cotton goods abroad in compe business, besides an additional ad valorem duty, I believe, of 10 per tition with England. He would have just enough of cotton made to cent., when he came to wash out those wools there was 60 per cent. give the monopoly of manufactures to the American spinners, and just lo s on the material on which he had paid duty. He stated that this enough of grain grown to supply our own wants. lo shad so far embarrassed wool manufacturing in the United States We have the virtual monopoly of the cotton production of the as that we have not only as a people lost many millions of money world for the supply of the great manufacturing natiens, and the Sen which we otherwise would have gathered from our exports to foreign ator seems to erave the power to convert all of it into fabrics under the countries, but that we had transferred from the smaller establish protection of a high tariff. He would thus transfer the benefits of ments in the \Vest and in the South the manufacture of wools into that monopoly from the producer to the spinner. He would run up the hands of those larger capitalists who could depend upon their the price of food supplies in England so that the cost of manufact profit upon a very broad :field of eustom to command what it wa~ uring there will be advanced to rates that will enable us to compete necessary that they should have, large accumulations of money to with the English spinners abroad, while we are supplyin •expect at an early period · as the fruit of a policy which would open We can better afford to give up protection than they can. They to them the markets of the world on a footing of equality with the could better afford to give it up than we could except for one fact, manufacturers of other countries' I claim that this exportation of which is common to all manufacturers in the South, including the 20 per cent. of our manufactures establishes the fact that what we refining of sugars, and that is the great and leading fact th..'lt well most need in our present condition to enrich all classes in the United established and largely capitalized manufactories with the accessory :States is only a fair opportunity to vi.~it the nations that axe pur advantages of a valuable good-will in business, and a reputation for -chasers of goods, with better and cheaper productions than any other making goods of superior quality, can use the protection of the tariff nation that is a seller of manufactured ~oods. It is unquestionably so a.s to enable them to undersell us in the home market of the South, truo that the bulk of all foreign trade IS and must be mere barter. and thereby prevent our young industries from getting on their feet. There is no cash trade with foreign countries beyond the sums neces They can prevent us from coming into competition with those that .sary to settle balances. Ex chan~~ drawn against shipments of exports have~ast reserves of capital, tho fruit of the protection by which .and imports does all the rest. il we export $100,000,000 of goods in they ~ere built up when they were young and weak. exchange for the same amount of imports at a profit of $5,000~000, We are younger sons if not children born out of season as to the \VC art> ten times as rich by the operation as we would be if we distribution of this rich patrimony. A tariff that has so built up the ~Cxchanged$10,000,000 at a profit of $5,000,000. manufactures of the Eastern States as to enable them to send annu Our home market is not equal to the demands of our produciug and ally to foreign markets in competition with free-trade England, .manufacturing classes and to the capital which is seeking employ cotton manufactures to the value of 261,267,133, iron and steal ment in these remunerative industries. We must enlarge the field manufactures to the value of $16,608,398, and manufactures of wood ,of our traffic or stop the business of manufacturing just where it is to the value of 18,o00,312, is not likely o to build us up in the South .and prevent its further increase. We must yield into tho hands of and West as to enable us to compete with the older establishments the existing manufacturers an entire monopoly of the whole market of the Eastern States. and w hr..t they can get also from foreign trade, or else we must take They can easily employ the tariff as a means of fencing out the such measures as may be advisable to extend the area of our trade competition of foreign manufacturers with themselves in our home Huoughout the known world, ba1·barous as well as civilized. · markets, and under that cover t.hey can as easily monopolize that It is not my purpose to enter into the discussion of the compara market and smother out our efforts to establish manufactories to tive burdens of our tariff laws upon the people of different sections compete with them. One private banker with a million dollars cap or classes in our own country. The debate on this subject has been ital might as well undertake to compete with the 2,132 national .able, instructive, and conclusive, and I will not attempt to amplify it. banks with 463,821,985 of capital, he paying 10 per cent. on his I desire to call attention to the effect of our system upon our for circulation and they paying 1t per cent., as for the youn(Y' manu ·eign trade, and to show if I can that it is cutting us off from this facturing industries of the South to attempt to compete wi·th estab .source of national and individual wealth which is now indispen able lishments of fifty or more years standing, with their invested capital to our prosperity. That we have out~ro-..vn the home market and of untold millions, and their ownership of machine shops, while we must seek markets abroad if we woulu continue to prosper. The are to pay 20 per cent. tariff on all the machinery we must use in our South and the West have as yet but few manufactories as compared new adventure in order to get a start. with the Eastern and Middle States, while they abound in iron, coal, Nothin~ .can protect us against this power but the natural protec .and timber, and the Southern States have the monopoly of cotton and tion to which I have adverted, which brings us nearer to the con .almost the monopoly of sugar grown at home. sumer than are the Eastern States, and eave the hauling, insurance, For the supply of our own home market, by which I mean the interest and loss in the valne of the material in its transportation market that is nearest the locality of production, we have a natural to the Eastern States.t and the return to us in the form of manufact protective tariff which should enable us to use profitably as much ured articles. It is atter all the cost of transportation, and the other ·capital as is now invested in the Eastern and Middle States in the advantages to which I have already alluded, of manufacturing on manufacture of iron and steel, cotton and sugar, and to enter into the ground where the raw material is produced, that enables us to uccessful competition even with the long-established factories in turn a spindle or start a loom in the South. We gain nothing in the those States if not with the outside world. I refer, of course, to the prices of our productions from the tariff, while we are stifled by it fact that by means for converting these great staples in the fields or at in our efforts to set on foot our infant manufactories. the mines where they are obtained we willsave the transportation of The power given by the tariff to the existing large establishments the raw materials to distant points where they are to be converted to crush out such enterprises as are beginning to be est!tblished is into commercial fabrics of a higher grade and value ; the return of proven by the shutting up of the steel works in Missouri, in order them to our home markets at a large additional cost for transpor to keep up the prices of steel under the protection of the tariff, in tation and insurance, and the saving of interest on the cost of the the home markets, to the prices of steel rails in England, with the material from the time it is produced until it is so returned and sold. full premium of the tariff added. It is also proven by many other A still more important item in the savings to us under this natural facts, some of which I read from the State Leader, a newspaper protective tariff is in the loss and damage to our productions by haul published at Des Moines, Iowa, in its issue of the 16th instant, as ing them back and forth ov:er long distances. Iron ores and iron in follows: J>igs, from their tp:eat weight as compared with their value, cannot In 1867, when the present high duties were laid on woolen goods, we had over ·be transported With advantage to distant points to be converted into 100 woolen mills in Iowa. In 1870 they had dwindled to 85. In 1875 they had useful fabrics or into steel ; and this is still more palpably truo of dwindled to 45. In 1880 only 31 could be found. In the mean time the sheep mdus ·coal and timber. Cotton is injured in its staple every time it is com try had dwindled to one-third its former dimensions. The Davenport Gazette says: "As long ago as 1868, when the Gazette was protesting against the then med pressed into packages, and the most careful and expensive handling itated increase of-duty on wool and was advocating free-trade principles, the then ·cannot protect it from serious loss in value from transportation. owner of the Davenport Woolen Mills, the late Joseph Shields, told the writer of The best-informed southern manufacturers estimate the advantages these lines that be would welcome the abolition of the entire tariff. Mr. Shields added, that were be able to buy his own ma{)hinery, his lon"' wools, his dye-stuffs, to them from these causes over the manufacturers of the Eastern acids, &c., untaxed, as did his English competitors, be co:;;'id make woolen goods :States at not less than 12 per cent. on their entire investment in cot in Iowa and undersell the English in their own market . " ton manufactures. They claim also that the advantages of a mild That is a far western State and a very new one, and mark how, ...and healthful climate with cheap power, whether water or steam, after the tariff on wools and machinery was enacted, these enterprises ·<:heap fuel and buildinO" material are largely in their favor. that had so fair a start in 1870 dwindled down to almost nothing in It must be mainly, if not entirely, due to these advantages that 1800. The article then takes up another industry and shows how it ·they are able in almost every well-conducted cotton factory in the is loaded with the bmden of an unwise and unnecessary tariff: .South to earn annual dividends of 18 per cent. in the lar~er num ber of instances, and seldom less than 12percent. upon their invest So much for one great indm~try. A still greater indllStry, ann one of the most important in t.he country, is the shoe and leather manufacture. We have a private ments. The supply of coal to the steamers of the Gulf of Mexico letter from a tanner and currier in Salem, Massachn."!etts, who says his industry is and of the Atlantic ocean south of Cape Hatteras will come from injured by the tariff, and that this country under free trade could export leather the nearest coal-fields where good steaming-coal can be bad. This goods in immen e quantities. And only the other day the Boot and Shoe and .industry will have no need of any other than the protection of nature Leather Association held its annual meeting, and several strong speeches were made favoring free trade in that indllStry. One of these speeches was made by the vice for its development into the highest importance. In Alabama and president of the association, Mr. J. W. Oakley, of the firm of Walker. Oakley & 'Tennessee, when the prices of provisions and labor are normal, iron Co. The other speakers were H. ;r, .McFarland, of M.D. Wells & Co., E. Engle, '()f excellent quality has often been made at $9 per ton, with a fair of Grey, Clark & Engle, Mr. Clark, of Short, Clark & Co. Indeed, the sentiment profit to the producer. This iron sells at from $20 to $35 per ton in of the meeting seemed to be opposed to any protection to the leather industry. The remarks were very interesting. They all desired a. foreign market. :Mr. the Middle States to manufacturers of car-wheels and other railroad Engle, for instance, who makes a. 8pecia.lty of calfskins, and has to compete with findings and rails. This is cheaper than iron of good, quality can the French article, said he believed in cheap leather, so that the shoe manufacturer be produced anywhere in this world except in Siberia. There is no could build up a foreign trade which would give him a steady market for all the part of the world where an iron furnace has ever yet been established leather he could finish. where good iron can be made at a cost to the producer of $9 per ton, I am not arguing this measure, I repeat, with reference to the bur unless it may be in Tennessee, part of Georgia, and Alabama. dens w·hich the tariff may inflict upon any section of this country o.r In Alabama, Tennessee, and Georgia we are as near to the home any partJcular class of individuals in the country who are consum market and the Mexican and Pacific markets as are the iron pro ers, but I am arguing it with reference to the necessity which now ducers and manufacturers of Michigan, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. seems to be incumbeut and apparent, that in order to have further Indeed, we are nearer to the very heart of the great demand for the prosperity jn our manufacturing industries we must seek larger and building of railways, and for their findings, and for their equipment better markets abroad through the world. I am arguing in behalf than are the iron llroducers and manufacturers of Michigan, Ohio, of the manufacturers for the reduction of the tariff, and not merely and Pennsylvania in behalf of the consumers. The consumers have been so ably rep- 1882 . . • CONGRESSION-AL RECORD- SENATE. 2107 -resented on the floor of the Senate in the various arguments which within five or six days travel by rail, and the people of the two repub "have been made in this debate that I find it entirely UI!necessary to lics will be engaged in the most active trade and the most cordial make t:te slightest allusion to their case in order to enforce the association with each other. It requires much constraint of feeHag n~cessity for a reduction of the tariff. on my part_to enable me to take a dispassionate view of thi.s great I will mention also one instance that came under my observation event, and of the measures necessary and proper to be taken fur its in Alabama. The present governor of that State, who is a man of happy inauguration. I have looked forward to the complete re -ente.rprise, and other gentlemen, were associated together in an estab establishment of the entente cordiale between Mexico and the United lishment at Helena, Alabama, for the manufacture of cotton ties. States with so much of earnest and hopeful solicitude that I cannot They had their coal within three hundred yards of their puddling fur repress my gratitude to God that I have been permitted to witness naces for the purpose of the manufacture of bar iron frorp. which they the beginning of its final consummation. Nothing but good, it seems wrought their strap iron. Large foundries were near Helena, and all to me, can result from opening a highway from the heart of one na the iron necessru:y and of the best quality at the lowest prices could tion to the heart of the other, over which the people of both can be obtained near at hand to enable these gentlemen to proceed in the move freely and with safety and mutual advantage to realize all the .manufacture of an article of universal dem::mdin the South, and one benefits of an era of good will and mutual confidence . that brings cash wh~never it is delivered. Governor Cobb wrote me The 4!'apidity of this new movement has been almost startling. that the fate of his enterprise, in which $100,000 was invested, and in When I first had the honor of a place in the Senate, in the Forty-fifth which they had about three years of very prosperous employment, Congress, our relations with Mexico were disturbed and even threat -depended upon a decision to be made by the Secretary ofthe Treas ening. A committee of the House of Representatives, through Mr. ury upon the construction of our statute as to the duties imposed upon Sleicher, of Texas, had just completed an elaborate investigation and strap iron or rolled sheet iron. It turned out that the decision of the report touching several subjects of disquietude between Mexico and Secretary of the Treasury left him under the protection of 40 per cent. the United States, prominent among which were those of smuggling .ad valorem upon his production, a.nd he wrote to me that he could through the Zona Libra; raids upon property and life across the not get along. I replied to him and expressed my amazement that borders; the pursuit of marauders from one cGuntry into tha other .an establishment which had gone on for three years successfully and by the national soldiery of each; the defects of the treaties of extra made money, and had enlarged its capacity several times, should all dition; a feeling of distrust and jealousy by the people ef each nation .at once come to a standstill under the protection of a 40 per cent. ad toward the other who lived near the borders; an almost total sus valorem tariff upon its productions, and I asked him for an explan:1- pension of over-land trade and intercourse, and a revival of the spirit tion. He said the explanation was thll.t a large combination had of animosity which naturally grew out of the war of 1846. At that been formed in Pittsburgh who had obtainen certll.in patents. By time it seemed to be an almost hopeless task to reconcile or dissipate the way, Governor Cobb himself had a patent, and manufactured these unhappy conditions of the public sentiment. under his own patent, and a very good one it was. In order to get It was my pleasing duty to make a plea for Mexico before the Sen the control of the market this combination had thrown or threatened ate, and to find that, however imperfectly it was presented, it was to thl·ow an immense production of cotton ties upon the market in responded to here and in M~xi co with the most gratifying expressions -order to break prices down, so that the small producers could not of approval and concurrence. possibly compete with them. The wise and patriotic government of General Diaz, in Mexico, .Mr. BAYARD. A monopoly. aided here by the able representation of Mexican opinion and poliey Mr. MORGAN. A monopoly; and it is the power to create a with which M. Zamacona has so deeply impressed the people of the monopoly through the extraordinary burdens of this tariff that United States, has removed almost the last vestige of jealousy and makes it weigh so onerously upon all the industries of the country, distrust from the minds of the people of both countries, and we see .and at last is visiting its calamities upon the larger manufacturers each other "no longer as through a glass darkly, but face to face." themselves. They are constantly expressing the wish that Congress I regret t.o turn aside from contemplating the pleasing future that would reduce the tariff. seems to rise to view, to command our attention and to fascinate us A high protective tariff certainly enables the people of any coun with its bright and alluring promises~ when the beautiful land of try to build up establishments for the mannfacture of their own .Mexico shall invite us with generous hospitality to visit it in peace productions, but when they are so built up and capitalized as to en and eordial friendship, and when we shall reciprocate fully every .able them to supply fully the people who are taxed for their sup kindly sentiment and act toward the people of Meiico; but some port, and also to make a large surplus for export to other countries, other occasion may be more appropriate for alluding to these pleas .a high tariff only enables the manufactories so built up to crush out incr topics . ..all home competitors, and to monopolize the business of manufact ifexico has 11,000,000 of population, of whom 3,000,000 are of Span ·nring. That is t-he condition in which we find ourselves at this ish origin, 4,000,000 are of mixed Spanish and Indian blood, and moment of time. 4,000,000 are of pure Indian blood. On these premises I assume that we have reached a point in this The Spaniard has 'made his mark on every civilized country and in ..country where a high protective tariff ceases to encourage new manu every century since his n:1tion had a distinctive organization. He facturing enterprises; when it only increases the powe1· of the exist needs no eulocist and scarcely seems to need a historian to record .ing factories to keep down those that are endeavoring to get a start; the annals of hls wonderful course among the great nations of the when American enterprise has outstripped the demands of the home world. :market, and is looking anxiously abroad over the world for open and Juarez was a true type of the Indians of Mexico in their ca.pacity free markets. for great and heroic enterprise and for the power of government in I also assume, upon the premises I have stated, that our manufact military :1nd civfi affairs when the requirements of duty call them .uring interests now need protection against the effects of our exor into action. Every Indian in Mexico, of Aztec or Toltec origin, is a :bitant and unjust tariff more than they have ever needed the tribute man who supports himself by some form of useful employment. -wrtmg from all other interests in this country to build them up into They are fond of agricultural pursuits and are careful and expert :their pre ent vast power and proportions. I also assume, on these herdRmen. Their capacity for manufactures and the management of premises, that the material interests of all consumers in the United machinery is far above that of most nations of uneducated people. 'States, w het.her they belong to the manufacturing class or to all They are faithful aml patient laborers, and have shown great apti ·other classes, will be greatly benefited by a large reduction of the tude in the construction of rail ways, including stonework on bridges .average percentage of the tariff, and that the revenues will be and culverts. They are a frugal and economical people, and are largely increased. by enabling oar people with their productions to seldom found in the sort of squalor and filth which is so common to -purcha e m0re, consume more, and enjoy more of the productions of the lower classes in our large cities. their own country and of all other countries. Whatever else Spanish viceroys in Mexico may have done to abuse I have thought it necessary to say this much in the effort to estab and break down the pride of the great Aztec family, it is beyond dis lish the truth of a theory with reference to our own tariff which will pute that they entirely supplanted their na,ti ve dialect with the be a safe and reliable guide to us in the great work for which recent Spanish language, and so opened to them a door of access to the events admoni h us we must begin to prepare, of extending our trade arts, sciences, and knowledge of the laws of a hi~her civilization, on terms of just and friendly and wise reciprocity with Me.xico, our and they converted them from a faith that led tnern to the most sister republic and next-door neighbor. revolting human sacrifices to the mild and happy condition of a I now ask the Secretary to read the resolution which! introduced Christian people. in the Senate recently on the subject of reciprocal trade with .Mexico. 'Ve have converted but few of our Indians to our language or relig The PRESIDING OFFICER. The resolution will be read. ious faith. The Mexican Indians are in a high and true sense an The Principal Legislative Clerk read as follows: enlightened and God-fearing and God-loving people. We need have R esol ~ ed by the &mate, (theHouseoj Repre Tubing of all classes, materials, and dimensions.* from the extended and unpopulated character of its frontiers and coasts, this has Type, printing, letter-gussets, spa{)es, lines, vignettes, and e>ery kind of printing always been done on a large scale, and greater in former periods than in the present. letter. 2. That the amount of smuggling done in Mexico can be e timated, approxi Timber, common, for building, shingles for roofing, and staves for casks. mately, at from $3 000,000 to $4,000,000 per annum, which comes t~ represent a con Type1 wooden, and other materials for lithography. siderable part of the import duties collected in the country. Vaccme matter. · 3. That the high rates of import duties recovered in Mexico is one of the prin Wheelbarrows, hand, of one and two wheels. · ciple incentives to the smuggling of certain goods, because it offers large profit'!. Wire of iron and steel, for carding, from No. 26 upward. 4. That the revolutions and tumults that :Mexico has suffered are alSo another N OTE.-By subsequent decrees the following articles have also been declared free great incentive to contraband, and that the latter has come in ome ca es . to pro· <>f import duties. They come with the same or apart therefrom and are included mote disturbances on the Pacific ceast with no other design than to favor the ille in this exemption. Those articles of which separate usa can be made, distinct gal importation of foreign good!!. from the ma{)hinecy or apparatus, such as bar and hoop iron, cloth, woolen, or other 5. That in spite of the determination of the constituted.governments to repress stuffs, and tanned or untanned leather, even when they com!l jointly with the ma the contraband, occasioned by the revolution in some cases, like that which oc chinery, shall be subject to the payment of duties, in accordance with the rates of curred in Mazatlan in January, 1872, the payment of duties could not be effected, the present tariff : t and a considerable quantity of foreign goods entered without paying import duties, Maps, geographical and topographical, nautical charts, and terrestrial and celes- either to the federal treasury or to the revolutionists of the Plan of La Noria. tial globes. · 6. That one of the means that have been found to a\oid contraband is the efficient ~arble, in the rough and in slabs, of all dimensions, for flool"!i or pavement. vigilance over foreign goods in transit through the republic, to be assured, whether Masts, yards, and anchors for large or small vessels. they have paid or not their import dues, but that this measure bas the inconven Metals, precious, in bars or dust. ience that It establishes onerous restrictions for interior commerce. Natural history, s-pecimens of, for museums and cabinets. 7. That long periods having elapsed-from 1867 to date-in which the country Oars for boats and barges. has en,joyed pea{)e, the incentive to contraband which disturbances offer has, there Oats, in grain or in the straw. fore, durina those periods, ceased to obtain. Qil, seal and whale, and whalebone.~ 8. That ihe reduction of import duties on articles which now pay high, offers Patterns and models or molds for the arts. grave difficulties in p:ractice, above all, becau e it would paralyze for some months Plants and seeds for the improvement 'Of agriculture. § the operations of importation, and the state of the Mexican treasury does not per Plows and harrows for agricultural purposes. mit it to be exposed to that pamlyzation. Powder for mining purposes. 9. That for the abatement of duties, to be effective, it would be necessary to Quicksilver. · remove all incentives to contraband, and for this the quotas of importation would Jla.,.s of all kinds for manufacturing paper. have to be reduced to such a degree that the danger will be run of obtaining less SUfphur, exempt from and after November 1, 1878. revenue from them than now, which is another danger of grave import for the Hyposulphate of soda, exempt from November 1, 1878. country in the difficult circumstances of its treasury, for it must be borne in mind Iron rafters for roofs, proVIded always that separate use cannot be made of that the import duties represent at present two-thirds of the proceeds of the fed- them for other purposes in which iron is used, according to the judgment of the eral rents. • eollectors. 10. That a considerable reduction of import duties on articles of larger consump Tiy the seventeenth article of the tariff it is stated that "notwithstanding the tion in Mexico, and particularly on the ordinary cotton fabrics, would probably exemption from duties established in the preceding article, respectin~ the goods bring with it grave injuries to the manufacturers of those articles, established in specified therein, they shall appear on the shiv's mlmifest and separate invoices the country, which it is proper to avoid. with the names of the consignees and declaration of their value," subject to a fine 11. That tbe.na.tional manufstcturers of cotton fabrics, fearing this reduction <>f not less than $5 nor more than $100, in case of default. • and its consequences, resist it decidedly, l'l.nd their resistance presents grave diffi. culties to carrying it out. In 1881 we exported to Mexico 11,171,~8, which is about equal to 12. That by special circumstances the foreign importers in Mexico resist equally $1 to every inhabitant. We imported from Mexico 8,317,802. In the reduction of import duties on foreign goods, which constitutes another diffi. all, $19,489,040. This is, indeed, a beggarly account <>f trade with culty to carrying it out. our nearest neighbor, considering how much we are in need of their The people of :Mexico want a reduction of the tariff, they demand productions and they <>fours, and how immensely this sum could be it at the hands of the government, and on one occasion forced the increased if the people were permitted to trade with each other. government into a consideration of their demand; but the few, and Still the entire trade of Mexico with foreign countries in 1880 was they only are a few, cotton manufacturers of Mexico who manufact $60,701,558, our trade being about one-third of the entire sum. The ure merely the cheapest and pl::l.inest goods it is possible to make debt of Mexic<>, per capita, is $42.63. The annual expenditure, per upon a loom, interposed their objection, their caveat, against any capita, is $2.68. Annual imports, per capita., are 3.13, a.nd annual reduction of the tariff for the benefit of the whole country, because it exports are 3.41. Her revenues from all sources are 17,811,125. might possibly cripple an industry that it seems impossible to put Her total expenditures, of which nearly the entire sum is for the into operation in Mexico with any degree of prosperity. current support of the government, are $23,128,218. Leaving a bal anceofannualdeficitapproximating$5,000,000aftershehasexhausted 13. That contraband, with all its conveniences, has not been suffi:cient to diminish her revenue. This is a bad showing for a rich country, but it is the i~diga~::J~:e ~e~h~~~nbtltb::n~bfnt~~Y?e:~::sfit\£~~~~ha:1~bs~ showing that we would have had to present in our own case but for cle for the development of its commerce with the United States; above all, if it the enormous influx of population, and but for the vast area of rich is taken into account that the greater part of the contraband is done through our United States frontier. land with which we have been able to tempt population to our shores, 14.. That, if the North .American merchants who trade with Mexico carry on .and but for the superabundance of wealth which has been diffused by smuggling, they have more facilities than the Europeans for carrying it out, from the the great agricultural and mineral power of this country. circumstance of being able to make of the frontier between the two countries a Fifty-seven per cent. of the· revenues of Mexico from customs duties basis of their operations, and ifthey do not do it there are many articles whose duties are relatively low and with which they could carryon a. trade without fear of con is derived from the tariff on cotton goods. That is a very large per traband. And the question that remains to be decided is, whether these directly, by the consent of the two Houses, to each House for consider Christian nations shaH emulate each other in a. generous rivalry in ation. extending and maintaining the blessings of free constitutional gov As matters stand, the Senate can originate no bill in respect of enunent throughout the western hemisphere, or whether they shall revenue. We therefore have a very slight power over this question be forever embroiled in a strife for the mastery of one over the other until the House has first acted. We have to wait upon the action and over neighboring powers. of the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives The wide expanses of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans eparate to be entitled to consider this question under the constructions that t hem from fue eastern hemisphere and leave to them the uninter I believe are most generally placed upon our constitutional power. rupted opportunity of developing the powers of this western hemi I therefore desire, and have always desired, that when a commis sphere and of building it up into a splendid rivaJry with the former sion is organized it shall consist of members of the two House , and rulers of the entire world. Shall we accept this noble mi sion and that the members of each House on the commission shall have the direct our efforts and powers to the consolidation of our influence so right to report directly to the House from which it was drawn t he as to become the competitors of the eastern hemisphere, or shall we conclu ions of the commission, so as to bring the matter, sub juclice, assume toward each other an attitude of greed for domination or of in th~ Se~ate in order that we may act upon it in some intelligent suspicion or hate, and waste our energies and wealth in petty strifes and definite way. for aggrandizement'/ The people of these two powerful republics, If it is tho purpose of the honorable Senator from Vermont to delay,. each supported by others whose ruling people are of the English or as he h as been charged with having such a purpose, the matter of the Latin races, at this time find themselves in the presence of opportu readjustment of the tariff, that pw-pose has been well encouraged by nities for doing good to mankind which have never before offered. the manner in which this bill has beendealtwith heretefore, allowing Nothino- but a perverse spirit of suspicion or hate can now prevent it to hang on as a subject of debato since last December. If we them from enga.ging heartily in this noble work. The hour has should at h.st reach a point where nothing is left for us to do or to stmck when Mexi.co and the United States must cast their sabers consider during this session in respect to the tariff but to organize into the sea and strike hands in an eternal covenant of peace and a commission to inquire into it, perhaps I may get my consent to reciprocal confidence and support. vote for this bill at thnt time; but I earnestly trust that those gen Upon the precise question involved in the bill which~ D;OW pend tlemen who !l.ctually dcsiro a revision of the tariff will push thfr ing before the Senate, I have only to say that when a sunilar ques measure to the front, and that it will be determined ::ts soon as prac tion waR before the Senate in the Forty-sixth Congress I moved that ticable whether the Congress of the United States intends to inter the commission to whom this question is to be confided should con vene in its legislative authority to correct a tariff which bears so· sist of equal numbers of the House of Representatives and of the heavily upon VlU'ious important interests of this country, and upon Senate. That proposition was voted down by a small majority. I none more heavily than upon the manufacturing interests them then moved an amendment, something similar to that of the honor selves. able Senator from Arkansas, [Mr. GARLAND,] that a committee of Mr. WILLIAMS. I should like to suggest to the Senator that I three from each House, I believe, and three from the on ter world have offered an amendment by way of a substitute for the bill, which should be selected, to whom this subject should be intrusted, and provides for the appointment of a joint committee of the two Houses that was voted down. I then voted for a commission almost in the to make the same investigation that it is proposed the commission to terms of the present bill. At that time there was a hope that we be $l,ppointed under the bill shall make. Phould be able to have an early consideration of the tariff question. Mr. BAYARD. The Senator will $l,lso bear in mind that two years. At this time there is very little hope that voting for this commission ago a tariff-commission bill was passed by the Senate. If that bill in any of its forms will bring the tariff earlier into consideration. had been allowed to become a law we should have had a report last The truth is this, in reference to the House of Representatives and December, which would have made a second tariff-commission bill the Senate, tllat they are reluctant to move for the relief of the country entirely superfluous and unnecessary. It is this cQntinual talking in the direction of a repeal or a modification of the tariff until they of doing a thing and never beginning it, of proposing to execute a are goaded to it by the people. It is a question which popular sen journey nnd never setting out upon it, that has been the cause of so timent must control, and which must be argued at large before the much misunderstanding and of so much loss, in my judgment, to the peo_l?le; upon which they must express decided and distinctive opin country. It is importap.t that the Senate, if they propose to have a ions before either the Senate or House of Representatives will ever take commission at all, should authorize it at once. the courage to engage in its proper discussion and determination. Mr. MORGAN. It was when the Senator was absent from the· I therefore prefer that we should make our appeal at once to the Chamber, I believe, that I referred to that fact, and to the fact tha;t" people of the United States, and for my part I should do it with the I had voted for a commission at the last Congress ; and I would cheer most perfect confidence that they will understand the main bearings fully vote for it now if this great length of time had not elapsed, in! of this question thoroughly, and that they will dem:md that 3-ll the which there has been a period of entire ina~ion. I am getting classes of people in this Government so far as may be shall enjoy its impatient on this subject and desire that it shall be speeded with. benefits with an equality of its burdens. all possible diligence. I would vote for the commission proposed rather than vote for none, APPENDIX. but I prefer to vote for it later in the session. I shall vote for the [From adv:mce sheets of Hill's Tartifs of the World.] proposition of the Senator from Arkansas as an amendment to the Area of Mexico, 743,948 square miles; population, 9,391,371. bill, if no other amendment is offered which I think has a preference over it, my purpose being to draw this whole subject into discussion Volume of trade ...... • . . . . $55, 526, 000 and also that the two Houses of Congress shall have some such con Imports...... 28, 000, 000 trol over the report of the commission as that they can compel that Exports...... • ...... • . . . . • . . . . 2:1, 526, 000 (1. report be made, and when it is made that it will bring the subject Of this amount only $7,000,000 was of produce; and $20,000,000 of me~. Cornparative table of the tariffs of Mexico and the United States. [This table gives revised rates to date of January 1, 1882; the Mexican tariif being the basis of comparison, hence the United States rates are equalized by increase of-rate from pound avoirdupois to the kilogram upon the ratio of 2 1-5 pounds to the kilogram. The rates of both countries are given in dollars and cents; ad valorem rates are abbreviated p. c.] Mexican Unit-ed States :Mexican United StaUls- .Articles. rates. equivalents. Articles. rates. • equivalents.. Per kilo. Per kilo. Per Ttilo. Per leila •. Accordions ...... •.•...... 43o ..... 30p. c. 106 ..•.. Free. Acetates, allldnds ...... •...... •...... 15o . . . . . llc. to $1.10. in~~~~-~~-~~~~~:.:::::::::::::::::::::::::: 10o ..... 5!o. Aoi 2112 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. MARCH 21, Ccrmparative table of the ta?•iffs of Mexico and the United States-Continued. Mexican United States Me.:rican United States Articles. rates. equivalents. Articles. rates. equivalents. .Balsams: Per kilo. Per L-ilo. Buckles: Per kilo. Per kUo . NaturaL ...... $1...... Free. Iron ...... 19o ...... 35p. o. $1.50.... 30 p. o. Metal, ¢It and plated ...... $1.15.... 35 p. o. 3o ...... 50p. c. All kinds ...... 29o ...... 35p. c. ~:r~~ri::.-::·:·=·:·::·:·:·:·=·:·:·:·=·:·=·=:::::::::::::::::: 19o ..... 35 p. c. Busts: Baskets: Statues, marble ...... 19o ...... 10 p. o. 34o ...... 10 p. o. ~~t~.g~l~~ ~~~~~::::. ·::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~~~:::: g~ ~: ~: ~:~::: ~~%~~::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::: 9o ...... lOp. o. .Beads: Alabaster, iron, copper, &c ...... 29c ...... 10 p. o . Glass, out ...... 29o ...... 50p. c. Butter, including the --...... 24c ...... 8! p. o. 50p. o. Buttons: .~l:::t. ~~~!:y:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~i~i~:: :: 50p. o. Iron, of all kinds ...... 19o ...... 30p. o. :Suttons ...... 30p. o. 28o ...... 30p. o. ;Beams: 86o ...... 30p. c. }'or scales, iron, brass, &o ...... 25o ...... 2 f. ~gs.~r~~~;~~: :::::::::::::::::::::::::: 86o ...... 30p. c. Poles, iron, brass, &o...... 19c...... 2 f. Covered with webs, not sill!; ...... 29o ....•. 30 p. o. Bedsteads: Ordinary ...... 29o ...... 30 p. o. Iron ...... 19c...... 35 p. o. Coeoa: Brass . . • ...... • ...... 29o...... 35 p. c. Of Guayaquil, Para and islands ...... 12o,...... Free and 5o. Beer or cider: Carupano ...... 18o...... Free and 5o. In bottles ...... 20c ...... 35o. per gallon. Maracaybo, Caracas, &c ...... 24c...... Free and 5o. In wood ...... 10o ... -.. 20o. per gallon. 29o ...... 35p. e. ;Bells, small and door ...... • .. • ...... 29o...... Free. g:rr~id:~. :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: $1.43 .. .. 25 p. c. Bellows: Camphor: . Hand ...... 29o...... 35 p. c. Crude ...... 50o ...... Free. Forge...... 10o...... 35 p. o. R~fined...... llc. Belts: Free. With buckles ...... 43o ...... As per material. 8:!~~~~~=:: :::::::::::::: :::::::::::~::: :::::: i~c: ::::: 40 p. e. Silk or silk mixture ...... $1.15 .. .. 60 p. c. Candles: Leather ...... 55 p. c .. 35 p. o. Tallow ...... So ...... Sjc. Berlins, landaus, and coa~hes , (4 wheels) ....•..•.. 39 p. 0 .. 35 p. o. Stearine ...... 19o ...... llo. Billiard: Paraffine ...... 38o ...... 17o. Balls, ivory ...... $3.72.... 50 p. c. 57o ...... 17o. Cues ...... 43c ...... 3f>p. o. ~=~-: ·.·.: ·.·.::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 70o ...... 17c. Tables ...... 55 p. 0 .. 35 p. o. Candle-screens ...... 57o ...... 35p. c. Bridles and bits ...... 19o ...... 35p. c. Candlesticks, bmss ...... : ...... 19o ...... As per material. Bitters ...... 23o ...... 50p. c. Canes: Bituminous: Gold and silver handles...... 13 p. o .. 35 p. c. Substances ...... 3o ...... 20p. o. Ordinary ...... 86o ...... 35 p. c. A.ll kinds ...... • .. • · .. · 25c ...... 20p. c. Cannetille, (wire:) 19o ...... 30p. c. ~~~~~~id: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 43o ...... 35p. c. ~~~t~~.:~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: =~:~ :::: :tro ~d 50 p. e. Blankets: Twisted, gilt...... $7...... • $1.10 and 50 p. c. Cotton ...... l8c ...... 44o and 35 p. c. Canvl\s: Woolen ...... 96o ...... $1.10 and 35 p. o. Cotton...... 57 c...... 35 p. c. Cotton and woolen ...... 72o ...... $1.10 and 35 p. c. Linen...... 57 c...... 4Q p. o. Blinds: 8!r~of;:~g ...... $12 ...... 25p. c. Venetian and lattices ...... 29o ...... 35 p. c. Laces of silk imitation·...... 5~ p. c... 60 p. c. iflain ...... dozen.. $3...... 35 p. o. L~Wes of silk with beads . • .. .. • .. . • .. . • ...... • • . $34.41 . • . 60 p. o. Ornamented ...... • ...... • • ...... • ...... 55 p. o .. 35 p. o. .Bolts: Percussion...... • .. . 43o...... 40 p. c . 29o ...... 35 p. o. Cotton ...... dozen.. $2...... 35 p. c. ~~\¥:.~~: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 19c ...... 35p. c. Linen...... $2...... 40 p. c. Of brass ...... 29o ...... 35p. c. Woolen ...... $~...... $1.10 and 35 p. e. Bone or whalebone ...... -•••....•. 29o ...... Free. Silk ...... $9.56 .... 60 p. o. Bonnets or caps ...... $2.00 .. .. 4() p. c. Greek fashion...... 53 p. o... As pe:c male.rlal. Books.: Paper, lined or not...... 86o...... Free. C1i~ki~d ...... • ...... • .. .. 10o...... 35 p. o. Bound with pearl, &o...... $1.15.... 25 p. c. Boots: Tanned bides, dozen ...... • .. • ...... • $16.50 . .. 35 p. c. c~~J!:~.~~.:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~: ~~ :~~~~ :::::::: :::: :: Calf-skin or patent leather, dozen...... $27...... 35 p. c. MedicinaL...... $1.59.... 30 p. o. Boot-hooks . • ...... • ...... 43o...... 45 p. o. Bosoms: g:~b-~~ -~~- ~-~~-~~~: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~~-..... Free. Carpets: ~~:: ~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~50:::: :z ~: ~: Of hemp ...... square mete!' .. 16o ...... 25o. per sq. yd. and Shirt, linen, embroidered ...... • . . . . . • . $2.50 . . . . 40 p. o. 35p. o. .Boxes: Of coarse frieze ...... square mete:&-.. 65c...... 25o. per sq. yd. and Music ...... 43o ...... 30p. c. 35p. c. Paints, all kinds ...... 29o ...... 35p. c. Brussels, short .•...... •.•..•••• square meter .. 97c...... l28o. per sq. yd. and 57c ...... 35p. 0. Brussels, ont or velveted .•...... square meter.. $1.40 . . . . 35 p. c. to 40o. per $1.15 .. .. 35p. c. Brussels, corded ...•••....•....•.. square meter.. SOc...... sq. yd. and35p.o. 86o ...... 35p. o. Cloths: $1...... 35p. o. Table, woolen . ....••.••...... •. square meter .• 62o ...... $1.10 and 35 p. o. ~~~.z:mz:~:m~mm~~~~~~m~: $3 ...... 35p. o. Table, damask ...... square meter.. 70o. "\Villow wood, &o ...... So ...... 35p. o . Table, silk ...... $14.34... 60 p. o. 29o ...... 50p. o. Carts: {~:re:~t!;,a~~;; ~~ -b.~~i>; ·pi~:::: =~ Comparative table of the ta1·iffs of Mexico and the United States-Continued. Mexican United States Mexican United States Articles. rates. equivalents. Articles. rates. equivJ.leuts. Chandeliers : Pe-r kilo. Perlo;'lo. Cravats-Continued. Per lvilo. Per kilo. Crystal, gilt, or plated ...•.••.•.•••.••••••.•..... $1...... 40p. c Silk ...•...... •...... ••...••....•...•. $18 ...•.. 60p.o. Crystal, not ldlt or plated .•.•..•.•••..••••...... 2!Jc •••••• 35 p. c. Fur . ....•.••.• - .••....•.••...... •..•..•..•. -... $2...... 35 p. c. Gilt or platen..•.•••.••... --··--· .•.•.. -.•...... $1...... 40p. c. Crinolines: Ordinary...... •....•.•••..•...•...••...•.•..... 29c .•.... 35 p. o. Children's .....••...••.•...... •...... •••..•. $1.50.... 30o. per sq. yd. Cheese ...•.•••..••.•••••..•.••••.••••••••••••••.••. 14c .••••. Stp. c. Ladies' ...... •..••.•...... •••••. $4.50 .•.. 40c.persq.yd. Chenille: Crookery: Woolen ..•..••••••••..••.•••..••..••.•.....•..•.. $2.86 . . . . $1.10 and 35 p. c. Ornamented ...... •.•.•.....•.•...... 14o .••••. 40 p. c. Silk .••..••....•...•...••..••.•..•••..•..••.•..•.. $8.60 . . . . 60 p. c. W1th gold and silver ...... 29c ...... 40 p. c. Chess: All other ...... •.••...... •...... •...... $1.15 . • .. 40 p. c. Wood .....••....••.•..••..••.• ~---··········----· 29c ...•.. 35 p. c. Crosses, metal ...... 29c ...•.. 35 p.c. Men, ivory ...... ••...... ••..••...•..... 8Go •••••• 50 p. c. Crystal: Plain ...... 17o ...•.. 40 p.c. C~Uhb~a:Stoo';!~=~:.~-~~. -- .•••....•..... 29c. Ornamented ...... •...... 29c ...•.. 40p.c. Without brass ornaments ...... •..•...•...... •. 19c ...... 40 p . c. Gilt or plated ...... •...... $1.15 .••. 40p.c. Chocolate, all kinds .••••..•••••.••...... •..... 50c ...... 35 p. c. Glasses, (loose.) spectacles, spy-glasses ...... ••. 29o ..••.. 40p.c. Chloride of gold ..•••••.•••.. -·---· .••• ----···--··· $25 ...... 40 p. c. Glasses, (loo e,) for watches ..•....•...••••...... 24c .••••• 40 p. c. Cider or beer: Cuffs and collars, cotton .••••..•...•••..••..••..... 55p. c ... 35p. c. Bottles..•.•.•..••.••••.•...... ••..•••..•....•.... 20c...... 35 per gal. Curtains: Barrels ..•. ---·--...•.. -·---·--·-·· ..••••. --·· •.. 10c.. . • . . 20 per gal. Muslin ...... •....••.•...... •. 55 p. c... 40 p. c. Cigars ..••.•..••.•••. ----·- .••••••••••. ------...... $4.90 .... $5.50 and I. R. Cotton························-·················· $6 ...... 35 p. c. $1.25.... $5.50 and I. R. Linen ...... •...... • ---.•. ------55p. c ... 40p. c. 8~~~~~ .·::::::: _. :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: $!...... 44p. o. Currycombs ...... •...... •.....••..•...••....•.•••. 19c .••••• 35 p. c. Clasps: Cushions: For mantels ----- .. -----· -----·- --- .•.•••.•...... 43c ...... 35 p. c. All ...... ························-· 55 p. c.. . As per material. 5Go ...... 40 p. c. For coaches, &c ...... •....•...... •.•....•. 55 p. c... As per material. ~~~r~~~~~ ~~~~~:: _- _-: _-::::::::::::::: _-: _-:::::: 29o ...•.. 35p. c. Damask, woolens ...... •..•••.•••. square meter .. 35c ..••.. $1.10 and a5 p. c. Clocks: Demi,johns, all ...... ••..••••...•.•.•.... 04c ...... 40 p. c. Fine ...•.••..••.. --·---·-·.---.••..••.••..••.. -- 86c ...... 35p. c. Dentifrice, water ...... •••..••••.••••..•••••.••. 86c .••••. 50 p. c. Ordinary .•..••. ------·--··· ...•••..•....••..••. 29c ..•... 35p. c. Dianlonds: lilo~: ...;i Glaziers' ...... •.••••••...•••..••..•••.. 57c .•••.. Free. OiL ...... •....•.•...••..••...•...•...... ••.••.. 29c ...... 35 to 60 p. c. PUI·e ...... ··-...... •...... •••••....•...... ··-··· 25p. c. Of wool. •••.•...••...... ••..•.•..•••••••••.•.... $1.56~ . . . $1.10 to a5 p. c. Dice ...... •...... ••..••..•...•....•••. 29c .•••.. SOp. c. En1ery ...... ····------·--·--·· -··-···--···· --- 5c ..•.... 2o. Free. Clothing, ready-made: R~~~-: == =: ~~~: ~ ~: ==:: :::::::::::::::::::::: :=: V:e~:::= 22 and 20 p. c. Cotton ....•..••....•.•.••..•••••••..•..••..•..... 132 p. c. . 35 p. c. Documents, (all kinds, printed)...... 57 c .••.•. Free. Linen •••...... •.•.••..••. ------••••••..••....•.• 132p. c .. 40 p. c. Dominoes: Wool .....• ------.. --··--·-·····-----·---··--.•.. 132 p. o. . $1.10 3110 35 p. c. Bone or wood ...... •••.•••••.••...•••...•..••... 29o ...... 35 p. c. Silk .•...... •....••...... •....•••.. 132 p . o. . 60 p. c. Ivory or pearl •...... •...... •...•..... 86c ...... 35 p. c. Cloves ...... •.. ---· ...•••.• ·---··------·····-···--- 60o ...... lie. Drawers: Coacbe~: Cotton, adults' ...... •.•.•.•...••....•.. $4 ...... 35 p. c. Open, two wheels each ..••....••••••.•..•....•••• $66 .•.... 35 p. o. Cotton, children's ...... $2 ...... 44 and 35 p. c. Closed, two wheels each .•...... ••••••..•...... $88 ...... 35 p. o. $1.50 .. .. 44 and 35 p. c. Closed, four wheels each ..•...•....•..••...•.•.•. $132. . • . . 35 p. c. ri~~~~· a~cl~~~- ~~-t_._._._._. ==:: =: =::::: ~=:::::: :::: $6 ...... 40 p. c. Open, four wheels each ...... •••••. $176..... 35 p. c. Linen, children's ...... $3 ...... 40p. c. Not specified, landaus, berlins, &c.....•..•...... $396 ..... 35 p. c. 'Vool or st{)cking net .••.••...... •..••.•. $1.60 •••• $1.10 and 35 p. o. Four wheels, without lining ...... •...... $176..... 35 p. c. Silk or stocking net ...... $14.34 ·-. 60p. c. $150 ..... 35 p. c. Draughts, game: ~~M: ~ ~£.6~:::: ~=:::::::::::::::::::: ::::: 55 p.o. . . 35 p. c. Bone or wood...... 29o.... •. 35 p. c. Codfi h ...... •••.•..•...... •...••.•.••...••... lOc...... $1 perl.a:rraL Ivory or pearl ...... • ...... • . • • • . • • • . . • . . 86c...... 35 p. c. Coffee ...... •...... •..•...... lOc ...... Free. Dresses for headwear: Collai'S and cuffs, cotton ...... •••....•..•...•... 55p. c ... 35 p. c. Silk ...... •...... ••..•.•••••...•••••••.•... $10 ..•••. 60 p. c. Columns, iron .....•...•..•...•••••.•....•...••..... 29c ...••. 35 p. c. Not silk ...... •.....•...... ••..•.•••••••....••. 5p. c .... 35 p. c. Combs: Drops, glass for chandeliers, &c .•••••....•..••..••. 29c ...... 40 p. c. Iron .... --.•....••.••. ·----· ..•.••.••....•..•.•. 19c ...•.. 35 p. c. R~~s; not otherwise specified .••••••••••••• _..••. 88p. c ... 20 p. c. Wood ...... ••..•••••••••••...... •••.. 23o ..••.. 35 p. c. Shell, ivory, and pearl. •...•...... ••.•••••••.•••. $1.15 . • • . 35 p. c. Cotton .••.•.•••...... •••.•.•.•••.. sqnaremeter .. 16o ..•••. 30 to 40 p. c. Iron, horn, rubber, &c., japanned ..•••...•.••.... 29c ...••. 35 p. c. Linen .•...... ••.•....•...•.•••..•••.••..•••.. 29o ...•.. 30to40p. o. Confectioneries, fruit, in BirUp .•.. ---·· ----•••••... $1.43 . • . . 15 p. o. Dusters ...... 29c .••••. 40p. o. Copper: Ear-rings: Manufactures .•••••• --.•••••• -----•.•... -- .. ---.. 36c .•••.• 45 p. c. Sheet ...... •.... ·-· ••...•...... •.....•...... 33c ....•. 45 p. c. g~ti~~~~~~::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ;~i5:::: ~~ ~: ~= Coral, fine manufactures .. ---•..••..••...••••.•••.. $3.60 .•.. 30 p. c. Elastics: Cord: Cotton for shoemakers...... 75o...... 35 p. c. Cotton ..... -----·------.•.. ····------· .•.. $2 ••.••. 35 p. c. Silk for shoemakers...... $1.25.... 60 p. c. Linen .....••.. - ..•. -..••.. --...•.... -.-.• -----.-. $2 ...... 40 p. c. Elixirs, all kinds • • • . • . . • • • . • . • • . . . • . • . • • • • • • • • • • . . $ L • • . • • . 50 p. c. Silk .....•...••. -- •••• ---•••. --·-.--.----·-.-..•.. $14.34... 60 p. c. Embroideries : Conlajle: 35p. c. Wool·····-···----·--·--···-···--·-····-···---- $2.68.. .. $1.10 and 35 p. o. 35p. c . .All other ...... •.•.••. ---.••. - •.•••.. --· .•••.••. 12c...... 6c. to 7o.. 35 p. (). Corks: Jt~1tiii;::::: ~:: ~:: ~ ~:: ~~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~: ~ ~ ~ ~ :~~ ~~ ~ ~ 't~:I ~ ~ ZiP· c. Cork, in sheets---···-··--·---··--···--·-----·-·· 6c ...••. Free. Engravmgs and photographs ....•....•...•••••.••. 57c .•••.. 25p. o. 19o ...•.• 30 p. o. Erasel'S, (lndia.rubber) .•••.•.•.••••••••••••••••••. 29o ..•••. SOp. c. "§~~~!~e~-::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 43c .•••.. 35p.c. Escutcheons : · Cor. ets: (See Stays.) Ofiron ..•..•••••.•••••.•••••.••••••••••••••••••.. 29o .••••• 6iP· c. Cosmetics ..••..••..••..••••••.•••.•••.•••.•••.. --. 86c .••••. 50 p. c. Of brass ...... •••••••••.•.•..•••....•.•.. 29o ....•. 33 p. c. Cotton: Essences and extracts ....••.•••••.••.••••••.•••••. 86c •••••• 50 p. c. lc .•••••. 35 p. c. Sarsaparilla ...... •...•••...•.••.•....••...•.• 75o ..•••. 50p. c. 2c .•••••• 35 p. c. Ether ...... ••.•••••••••••.••• --.••...•••. 20c .•..•. $2.20 zi~~--_.-:·.--_.-_.-:·_.·_.-_.-_.·_.-_.-_.-:·:::·:·.-·::.--::::_.·::·:.--::·:::::: 7o ••••••. 35p. c. Extracts of meats* ..•...... ••••••.•••.••.•..•.... 55p. 0 ••• 20p. o. Cove1·s: ~ Campeachy ...... •..••..••••..•••••...... •. IOc .••••• 40p.c. Woolen, yarn········-····---~---················ $1.72 .••. $1.10 and 35 p. c. Medicinal .•••••••.•...... •.•••.•••••••..•.•••••. $3.00 .••. 40p. c. Blankets, wool ....•.....•...•.••. square meter .• $1.52 . . • . $1.10 and 35 p. c. $1.15. 74c .••••. 44 c. and 35 p. c. ~~:Fe~~s:~~c i~~. t~~;; a~d -~h~~~ke~:::::::: 29o ••••.. 6per 1,000. g~~~ -~~~~~~i ~~d.·:::::::::::.~~~:~-~~~~:: $1.14.... $1.10 a.ocl35 p. c. Fans: Covers: Straw.•.....••••••..••••• . •••••.••••..•••••.••.•. 19o ...•.. Free. Of furs ...... ••..•••.••.•••••••••••.••.•.•. $2 ....••. 35p. o. Wood ...... •..••..•••.•..••.....••. 86c ..•••. 35p. c. Bed, silk, embroidered •••••••••.•.•.•••••.••..••. $14.34... 50 p. c. Pearl ...... •.•..••.....•...... •..•. $2 .25 .••. 60p.c. Hat, of any materiaL .•...•.•••.•..••....••.•.•.. $1.25 .. -. 30 p. c. Feathers, artificial ...... •..••..••..••..•••••.•••.• $2 .87 .•.. 50p.c. Framed, of iron wire ...••.•••.•.....•••..•••.•••. 29o ...•. 35 p. o. Felt, woolen* ...... •.•.••.••...•..••...•. 20c ...••• Free, 20c. Cnshions .•.•....•••• --·-....••.••..•••••••.••...•. 55 p. c.. As per .material. l!'or hat-frames* ...... •••.•••••••.•••.••.•..••... $1 90 .••. 30 p. c. Coverlets: Ferrules ...••..•...... ••..••.•••••••••..••••••..••. 86c •••••• 35 p. c. Cotton ...... sqnare meter.. 74c ...••• 35 p. o. Field beds: $1.52.... $1.10, ae Indicated. Wood ...... $1.15.... 35 p. o. ~~~~n~~d ~~~i~i;.".".::: ·. --·. -_-_: -_-_-_-_~~~~r~- ~~~~:: $1,14 ··-· 35 p. c. Iron ..•...... •...... •••••••...... ••. I9o .••••• 35p. o. Counters: Brass ....••..•...... •..••..••..•••••.•.••••..••. 29c .••••. 35 p. c. Ivory or pearl .....•...•..•...... ••••.•••. 86c .••••. 35 p. c. Fish: Pasteboard, bone, horn, brass, wood ..•••••.•••.. 20c .••••. 35 p. c. Pickled ...... •.•.•..••.••••••••••.••••••. 14-c .••••• $1 p. barrel. Crackers, Chinese ...... ••.•..••..••.•.•••.•••••. 62o ...•.. $1 per \,ox. Cod, dried or smoked ....• - ...... •••...••.••••••• lOc. Crackers, biscuits . .... __ ..•••••..••••.•.....••...•. 12c ...••. 20 p. o. Preserved ...... •••...•.•.•..••.•..•...••••. 72c .•.•.. 30 p. c. Crape, Canton silk ...... •...... •...... •.•.••. $9.56 .•.. 60 p. c. Salted, all in boxes .....•.••....•••••.•••....•••. 14o ...•.. 2t Cravats: Flasks: Cotton ...... ••...... •...••.••..•. 25c ..•.•. 35 p. c. Metal or glass, for liquor...... 29c ...•.. '35 p. c. Linen ...... •.•••.....•..••. 50o ...... 40 p. c. Powder ...... •.••.••...... •....••... 43c ...... 35p. c. Woolen ...... •.••...•...... ••••.••.•• ,, .... soc ...... $l.l0 ~435 p. c. FoU,s ...• , ..•• , ....• , •.•..•••.• , ••••..••••.•••••• ·•·I 43o ...... 30 to 45 p. o. XIII-133 2114 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. MAROH 21, Comparative table of the tal'iffs of Mexico a11d the United States-Continued. Mexican Unit.ed States Articles. .Articles. Mexican I United States I rates. equi>alent.s. rates. equivalents. Forks: Per kilo. Per kilo. llinges: Per kilo. Per kilo. Iron and bone handles ..•••••.•••••.••.••..•...•. 19c ...... 35p. c. Iron...... 19c ...... 35 p. c. 86c ...... 35p. c. Bra-ss ...... 29c ...... 35 p. c. Ffo~:whe:t~-~~-::: ::~:: :~: ::~~::::: ::::::::::::: 10c ...... 20p. c. 29c ...... SOp. c. Flowers: ~~ili:~~~:~u:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 57c ...... 35p. c. Artificial .••..•....•.•••••••••..•••••.••••••..... $2.87.... 50 p . c. Honey or molasses ...... 7c ...... 5c. 1•er gal., 25 p. c. Medicinal...... •••...••.•.••.•.•.••.•••.••.••.•.. 20c ...... F1·ee. Hooks: Frames: 19c ...... 35 p. c. Wooden ...... 43c ...... 20 p. c. ~~p~~~- ~~- ~~~:~~~::: :::::~--: :::::::::::::::::: 19c ...... 35 p. c. Stiffened with gum ...... ••.•...... •....• ~- .•. 19c. Iron...... 19c ...... 35p. o. For umbrellas •.•...•..••.•...... •..••.•...••.•. 60<>-...... 35 p. c. Brass ...... 29c ...... 35 p. c. Fringes: Hooks, fi.;;h, all kinds ...... 58o ...... 35p. c. Woolen, with glass or not ...... $2.86 .... $1.10 and 35 p . c. ru•} ...... 35p. c. Silk ...... $14.34 ... 60p.c. ~~~~=- ~-~ ~-~~~:: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~(} ...... 35 p. c. Silk, with ornaments ...... 55p.c... 60p. c. 18c ...... llc. Cotton ...... $1.43.. .. 35p. c. I !~i~~~~~i8." :::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::ro~ii:: $36 ...•.. 20p. c. Wool, white or colored, for cnrtains ...... ~.43 .... $1.10 and 35 p. c. Fruits in sirup ...... ----.-..• -. $1.43 .... 10 to 35 p . c. In sh eets ...... 10c ...... 25p. c. 5o ...... 10 to 35 p. c. In bands ...... 43c ...... 25 p. c. fnryai~~h~i ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 72c ...... 10 to 35 p. c. Manufactures, shoes, &c ...... 43c ...... 25p.c. Medicinal ...... 20c ...... 10 to 35 p. c. Clothing ...... $1.43 ... . 50p. c. In fruit juice ...... 50c ...... 10 to 35 p. c. Other articles ...... 29c ...... 25 p. c. to 35 p. o. Furs: Indigo ...... - ...... --~ ... -.-.. $1.25 ... . Free. Vicuna, rabbit, bare, &c ...... $1.43.. ... 30 to 35 p . c . Ink: Beaver ...... $2.87 ..•. 30 to 35 p. c. :Bottled ...... 29c ...... 35p. c. Ma.nufa.ctnred for covers...... $2 ...... 30 to 35 p. c. In wood ...... 19c ...... 35 p. c. Furnaces: Inkstands: Iron, with bra.ssornaments ...... 29c ...... 35p. c. Gilt, &c ...... :j:l.15 .... 40 p. c. Iron, without brass ornaments ..•....••....•..•.. 19c ...... 35p. c. All others ...... 29c ...... 35 p. o. Fw'Diture ...... 55p. c ... 30 to 60 p . c. Instruments : Faucets, copper, brass, &,(} ...... 19c ...... 35 p. c. MllSical ...... 43c ...... 30 p. c. Games: Glass and medicine ...... SSp. c ... 35p. c. Chess, checkers ...... 29c ...... 50p. c. Iodine: Of ivory ...... 86c ...... 50 p. c. Pure ...... $2 ...... Free. Galloon: Mixed ...... $3 ...... $1.65 White or yellow metaL ...... $1.19 .... 35p. c. Iron: Fine gilt or silver plated ...... $2.38 .... 35p. c. Manufactured ...... 24c ...... 35 p. c. Of silver ...... $12 ...... 40p. c. Fo1· roofs ...... So ...... 2i $14 ..••. . 40 p. c. All qualities not specified ...•.•..•••...... ••... Go ...... 35 p . o. G:?~::!~~ft~~~;;_-_-_-_-:::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: 29c ...... 10 p. c. !c.....•. $7.00 per ton. Garters: ~~If~~--:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 29c ...... 35 p. c. Cotton, with buckles ...... 57c ...... 35 p . c. Grates ...... 29c ...... 35 p. o. 57c ...... 40 p. c. Sheets ...... - ... -.----.. ·--· · • · lOc ...... 2! ~tfk~n~~tt:cWI~~ ::: ~ ::::::::::::::::::::::::: $14.34... 60 p. c. Flat, (for laundry) ...... 10c ...... 35 p. c. Geldings, horses ...... $36 ...... 20 p. c. In square blocks ...... 6c ...... 21 Gin: Ingots ...... !o. In bottles ...... 48c...... 200 p. c. Ivery: In ban·els ...... 38c. .• . .. 200 p. c. 19c ...... Free. t:t~e~~"e-ci .-:::.-.-.-:::::::::::: :::::::::::::::: $1.15 .... 35p. c. Gts:UC:r:~J ~ ··············· ...... 17c ...... 40 p. c. Jackscrews ...... 10c ...... 35p. c. Manufactured, with settings, metal ...... 29c ...... 40 p. c. Jackets: With settings, gilt and silver ...... $1.15.... 40 p. c. Cotton ...... $8 ...... 35p. c. Window ...... 24c...... 3! to 7 p . c. Woolen, (adults) ...... $12 ...... $1.10 and 35 p. c. 29c ...... 40 p. c. 'Voolen, (children) ...... $6 ...... $1.10 and 35 p. c. ~~c~lce:e";:: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 24c ...... 40 p. c. Jet, manufactured ...... $1.15 .... 35p. c. Gloves: Jewsharlls ...... 43c ...... 50 p. c. Cotton ...... $1. ...•.. 35 p. c. Jewels o.t golcl and silver, withoutstones ...... 13 p. 0 .•. 35 p. c. Linen ...... $1...... 40 p. c. K eys: Woolen ...... $1...... $1.10 and 35 p. c. Watch, all kinds and sizes ...... 57c ...... 35p. c. $3...... $1.10 and 35 p. c. Piano fort.e ...... 29c ...... 35p. c. $1.50 .. • . 35 p. c. Kid, skins ...... $1.40 .... 25p. o. ~~]~~~~~ ~~~~~i~~~~~: ::::::::::::::: 29c ...... 35p. c. Kirschwasser, in bottles ...... 57c ...... $2 per gal. Iron ...... 60c ...... 35 p. c. in barrels ...... 48c ...... $2 per gal. Glue-moulds .....•...... ••..•....•..•••••.....••••. 29c ...... 20 p. c. Knife-sharpeners ...... 29c ...... 35 p. c. 29c. Knives: ~~~?r~~~~~-~~::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::: 29c ...... 35 p. c. Gardeners' ...... 19c ...... 35p. c. Grindstones ...... 3c ...... $2 per ton. Pen-knives, pearl and ivory handles ...... $1.15 .... 35 p. c. Gums ...... 25c ...... Free. bone and iron handles ...... 19c ...... 35p. c. 19c ...... 20 p. c. Table, and forks, bone and iron handles ...•...•. 19c ...... 35p. c. ~~:~:,· ko~·:.:·.·.:::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 10c ...... 45 p. c. ivory hamlies ...... 86c ...... 35p. c. Hair: plated, metal, and pearL ••..... $1.15 .... 35p. c. Human ...... square meter .. 10c. Knots, silk ...... 55p.c... 60 p. c. Cloth ...... 22c •••••• 30to40c.persq.yd. Knobs, door, iron or brass ...... 19c ...... 35p. c. Hammers ...... 6c ...... 5!c Laces: Hams ...... 24c ...... 4fc. Cotton ...... $6.00 .•.. 35 p. c. Handles: Linen ...... $8.50 .... 40 p. c. Wood for tools..•.....•.•...•••.....•.••••..••.•. 19c ...... 35p. c. Silk ...... $34.41 ... 60p. c. Sticks .....• ~ ...... 86c .• ~ ... 35 p. c. Silk, with glass beads.·...... 55 p.o ... 35 p. c. Handkerchiefs: For curtain trimming, cott.on .•.•••.••...•.•...•. $2 ...... 35 p. o. Cotton, 30 threads to warp ...•.••• square meter .. 14o ...... 35 p. c. linen ... ~ ...... $2 ...... 40p.c. Cotton, over 30 threads to warp ... square meter .. 16c ...... 35 p. c. woolen...... $2.86 .... 50c. and 50 p. c. Cotton, embroidered, to 50 ctms. square. dozen .. $2 ...... 35p. c. Linen, plain ...... ••. square meter .. 16c ...... 40 p. c. LGJ~~ · ~·~~~~~~~·- ~: ~ ...... $1...... 45 p. o. Linen, more than 30 threads ...... square meter .. 22c ..... 40 p. c. 29c ...... 35 p. c. Linen and cotton ...... av. het.2 35 p. c. ~y~:;fiali·~ ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 29c. Linen, embroidered ...... $4.50 . • . . 40 p. c. Lanterns, ca-ses ...... 29c ...... 35 p. c. ·wool, plain ...... square meter .. 38c...... $1.10 and 35 p. c. Iron or tin ...... 19c ...... 35 p. o. 'Vool, embroidered ..••...•....••.square meter .. 50c...... $1.10 and 35 p. c. Brass or copper ...... 29c ...... 35p. c. $7.17 .... 60c. Lard ...... 18c ...... qp. c. ~~: ~::~id;red.: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: $10.75 . . . 60c. Latches: Hangings, crystal ...... 29c ...... 40 p. c. Iron, for windows, doors, &c ...... 19c .••••• 35 p. c. Harnesses: Brass, for windows, doors, &c .•..••.•••...... 29c ...... 35p. c. 86c ...... 35 p. c. 29c ...... a6p.c. ~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: $2 ...... 35 p. c. t:t~~:a~sv e~~ti~ ~: : :: ~:: ~ ~ : : ~: : : : :::::: :::::: :: :: 29o ...... 35p. c. Hats: Lavender ...... 5o ...... Free. Bodies of straw ...... $6.60 . .. . 40 p. c. Leather, manufactured ..•.....•....•...... •. 86c ...... 35 'p. c. Offelt ...... $9 ...... 40 p. c. Sheep, all kinds shoes ...... $1.43 .... 25 p. c. Panama...... $15 ...... 40 p. c. Lead in sheets ...... 6c ...... Sf. 55 p. c... 35 p. c. L::1f: ...... 6c ...... 4!- H~~h~t~~~~- ~-~~~~~~: ::::::::::::::::::::::::: 10c ...... 45 p. c. Headdresses...... 55 p. c... As per material. Gold, imitation ...... 43c ...•.. $1.50 per pound. Hearths, stoves, &c. : fine in leaves to 11 ctm. UOO leaves ...... $4.00 .•.. 45p. c. Ornamented ...... 29c ...... 35 p. c. Silver, imita:ion ...... 29c .••.•. 35p. o. Plain...... 19c ...... 35 p. c. $3.00 .•.. A8 per material. 6c .....•. 30 p. c. t:~':~?o~::~1~~t: :~ ~::::::: ~::::::::::::::::::: 29c ...... 10 p . c. ~:~t~: :~~~al~-~~~~::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::: 20c ••••.• l!'ree. Lifting hooks. of iron or bra-ss ...... 19c ...... :>5 p. c. 1882. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 2115 Comparative table of the ta1·iffs of Mexico and the United States-Continued. Mexican United States Mexican United States Articles. rates. equivalents. .Articles. rates. equivalents. Linen: Pe:r kilo. Per kilo. Ornaments: Pe:r kilo. Per kilo. Flax, raw or tangled ...... 7c ....•.. 35p. c. Brass·----·---.------.--·-·---··------·- 29c .•.. -- 35 p. c. Cotton, similar to missinaque ...•. squar~meter .. 9c ...... 40p. c. Iron .. ~- ______._ ... ____ ...... __ . _____ ..... _._ 29c .••.•• 35 p. c. Liquors, in bottles or jars ... -.. - . -- ...... -.. -..... 23c •••••• $2 per gal. · Straw ... -... ------.... -- .. - ...... 43C------35p. c. 86c ...•.. 50 p. c. Sacerdotal, alL--- ...... ----...... -- 55 p. c.- - 35 p. c. t~~~: ::! la~nfug~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 29C------30 p. c. Oxide: Looking-glasses, with or without frames: Subnitra.te of bismuth.--.------... ---·-.. $1. Of more than 30 centimeters... ---.. - ...... ~ 43c ..... - ~ 25o. per sq. ft. to Of iron ...... ____ . __ ... ___ ...... _...... 50o ...... Free. To 30 centimeters ...... 5 4-3c ...... 556c. per sq. ft. Padlocks, iron or brass ------· -- .. --·---·--· .... -·. 296 ...... 35p. c. Without allowance for breakage .. -.-....• -- •.. -. 19o. 15c ...... Average of 25 p . e. Lottery games, &c.: 57c ...... Free, 10 to 20 p. c. Bone or wood ...... 29c ...... 50p.o. !~~!ir~ ~ ~: ::::::::::::::::::::::: :~ ~: ::::::::: 7c. 1 86c ...... 50 p. c. Paper: M~hl~e'!; ~~~ .:: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 43c...... As per na.aterial. Marbled, &c.---...... ---- ...... ------17c ...... 35 p. c. Mantillas of silk, blond laces, each..••• -•.•••. -.•.. $35.20 -.. 60 p. c. Tis ue, white orcolored ...••. ---· ...... -- ...... 19c ...... 20 to 35 p. e. Manufactures of: Vellum ...... ----- ...... ------.... -- ...... 17c ...... 20 to 35 p. c. Amber, jet, shell, pearl, &o ...... $1.15 .... Wp.c. lOc .••••• 2{) to 35 p. c. Cotton ...... --- ...... -...... --.. --. 86c ....•. 35p. c. ~~~~- ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~-- ~ ~---. ~: ~ ~ ~ ~: ::::::::::::::::::::::: 29c ...... 20 to 35p. c. Iron and steel ...... 24-c ...... 35 p. c. and 45 p . c. Letter...... ------...... -- ...... 43o ...... 20 to 35 p. c. Nickel ...... 65o ...... 35p. c. 43c ...... 20 to 35 p. c. Bone .... - .. -.. - .. -.. - ...... --...... -.... --.. --- 29c ...... 35p. c. 14c ...... 20 to 35 p. c. Brass ...... 36c ...... 35 p. c. ;r#r£::~~~::::: :: ~ ::::::::::::::::::::: 10o ...... 20 to 35 p. c. Wood ...... -- ...... -- .. ------.. - .. ------· 29c ...... 35 p. c. Albumen . ... -... -... -·------· ... ------.. 43c ...... 2{) to 35p. o. Gilt ...... $1.15 .. -- 40 p. c. 43c ...... 20 to 35 p. c. Silver ...... 86c ...... 40 p. c. ~~fe~v_e_~~: ~ ~ ._:::: ~ -. ~:: ~ ~ :~:: :: ~:::: ::::::::::::: 20c ...... 20 to 35 p. c. Straw ..... -- .... __ ----- ...... 43c ...... 35p. c. Ruled for music ...... ------. 24-c ...... 20 to 35 p. c. Paper ...... --- 43c ...... 35 p. c. Blotting and copying.--·-----· ...... --··--· 13c ...... 20 to 35 p. o. Furs ...... $2 ...... 20p. c. Impermeable ...... ------7c ...... 20 to 35 p. c. $1.72 ... . $1.10 and35 p. c. Paper: ji:!i~~~hl~rl~:::::::: :·:::::::::::::: ::::::: $7 ...... 35p. c. Enameled ...... ------43c ...... 35 p. c. Wire net ...... ------.... ------$1.20 .. .. 35p. o. Lead ...... -.---- ...... -----.. ------.. 7c ...... 35p. c. $2.40 ... . 40 p. c. 5o ...... 35 p. c. -:::·sf&t.~~ -~~~~~: ::::::: _- _- ::::::: _- _- _- _-_-: _- _- ::: $14.34 .. . 50 p. c. 6~!!J~b~!ddr::~a.etr;;~:: ::::::::::::::::::: 43c ...... 35 p. o. Embroideries, common ...... 57c ...... As per material. Parasols and umbrellas : Marble ...... 48c ...... 50 p. c. SOc ...... 45p. c. Marble slabs for furniture ...... 38c ...... As per material. . i:~~~---.·_-_-_-_: ::: ~: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :·: 75o ...... 45p. c. Marble jars ...... -...... ------. 48c ...... As per material. Silk.---...... -- ...... ------...... $1.65 .. .. 60 p. o. Masks: Cotton ...... ------each .. 55c ...... 35p. c. Wire ...... 4-0o ...... 35 p. c. Covers, silk ...... ---- .. ------...... -- -· ••. $14.34 .. . 60p. c. 20o ...... 35 p. c. Frames ..... -----... -- .... ---.. ------. 60c ...... 35 to 40p. o. ~:~~g-::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 50c ...... 35 p. o. Pa tea: Mats: Nutritious ... -- ...... ------...... --- 5c ...... 50 p. c. Hemp .... ---.. -- ... ----.. -----...... ------12c ...... 30 p. c. Mineral, for razor-strops ...... -..... - ... -.. -.. - .. 43c ...... 50p. c. China ...... 25o ...... 30 p. c. And lozenges, medicinaL ...... 20c ...... 50 p. o. Matches.- ...... -... ---.. ----· ...... --- ..... -- $1.15. For the skin ...... -- ...... ------...... 86c ...... 50 p. c. Measures ...... --.-••.•. 29o. P asteboard: Meats: Manuiactured ...... ------.. 43o ...... 35 p . c. Preserved, all kind ...... 72c ...... 35p. c. $1.15 .... 35 p. c. Salted or smoked ...... 24-c. nroN:~~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 17c ...... 35 p . c. Medals ...... -- ...... --...... 29c ...... 35 p. c. Pastiles, medicinal...... 20c ...... 50 p. C. Medicinechests .. -----.... -•. --.-.------.--.----- 40c. Pearl: Meerschamn ...... ---..... --.. ---...... -- _.•. $1.15. Mother of ...... ------...... Free. Metal: Manufactured .. ------$1.15 .... 20 p. c. Composition, in sheetS, for ships .•••.••...••.••. 14-c ...... 10 p. c. Pegs, wooden ...... 10c ...... 35 p. c. Other ...... -----...... _.. 29o ...... 20 p. o. and 45 p. c. Pens: Millet ...... 2c ...... 20 p. c. Not gold or silver...... 86c...... 10c. p. g. and 25p. c. Mills, coffee, paint, &o ...... 19o ...... As per material. Quills ...... $2.20 .... Free. Molasses.• ------·---·------...... - ... -.. 7o ...... 5c. per gal. and 25 Pencils, all...... 19c...... 30 to 40 p. c. p. c. of same. Penholders, all...... • ...... • • • • • • ...... 29o...... Free. Morphine ...... ------...... $10 .••••. $35. Pen-knives: Mortars: $1.15 ·-·- 50p. o. Composition, marble or porphyry ...... 12o ...... 50 p. o. ~e::~~:~~~c .;~;ci:: :::::::::::::::::::::::::: 19c ...... 50 p. c. Iron ...... 10c ...... 35 p. o. 23c ...... 22c. Brass and copper ...... 196 ...... 45 p. o. $5 ...... 50p. c. Mosaic: f:=.~:--~-~-~ ~: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 86c ...... $3 p. g. and 50 p. o. Oftiles -----·----·----·-·---··------·------·-- 5c ...... 25p. o. Pearls ...... ------.• ---·-- $1.15 ... . 50p. c. Of wood------·--··------10c ...... 25 p. c. Petroleum : Mustard .••.. --· ... ---······ ...... --. 46c...... 31o. Oil. ------...... ------96 ...... 20 D· o. Musk: Crude ...... everv 200 pounds .. 75o ...... 20 p . o. Crude ...... ------.----·-··---···.----.---...... - Free. Crude ...... every 1,000 poun Comparative table of the tm·i.ffs of Mexico and the United Slates-Continued. Mexican United States Mexican United States Articles. rates. equivalents. Articles. rates. equiv-alents. Pomade: , Per kilo. Per kilo. Seeds: Per L-ila. Perkiw. Perfumery ...... •...... •....•...... 86c ...•.. 50p. c. Medicinal. . . . . • . . . • . . . . • . . • • . • • • • . • . • • . . . • • • • • • • . 20c .•••.. Free. Medicinal ointments ...... •.•.•..•...•..•.•.. 70c .••••. 50 p. c. Agricultural...... •....•.•..•••••.•••••.•••••••••. 20o. to 60o. p. bua. Porte-monnaies: Sharpeners, slate-pencil ..•..•..••.••••.•••.•••.. : •. 7c ••••••• 35p. o. Leather ....••...•.•..•..••..••...... •..•.•.... 57c ...... 35 p. c. Shawls: Ivory ...... ••...... 86c······ 35p. c. Cotton ...... •.....•...•..•.•.••••••.•••••••••. 166 •••••• $1 and 40 p . c. Potatoes ...... •...•.•••••.•...... •.. 2c ..•••. . 15c. per bushel. Woolen, plain ...... •...•...•••.••.••.••••••.•.. 38c. ••• • . $1.10 and 35 p. o. Powder: Woolen, embroidered .••..•••.••••••••••••••••••• 50o ...•.. $1.11 and 40 p. c. Gun ...... •...... •.•...••...... •.. $1. Silk...... •...... •.••.••.•••••••••.••••.•.•••. $14.34 • . . 60 p. c. Bronzo ...... •... - ... ------ $1.15 .•.. 20 p. c. Silk, lacecl ...... •••..••••••••.•••••.••.•••••.••. $28.68... $1.11 and 50 p. o. Tooth ...... •...... •...••...... •.•.....•. 86c ...•.. 25p. c. Shell, manufactured ••••••.•••••••••.•••••.•••••••. $1.15 .••. 35 p. c. For skin ...... •...... •.•...... - 8Go ...... 50 p. c. Shn·ts: 30c ...... 50 p. c. Cotton, stockinet . ••...•.•••..•..••.••••••••••••• $1.50 ...• - 35 p. c. P1~s~~s~i1~~y~g~ fr~~---.·_-_._._._.: ::::::::::::::::::::: 19c ...... 35 p. c. Wool n, stockinet .....•..•.•••.•••••••..•.•..••. $1.60 ..•.. $1.00and35p.o. Prints: Silk, stockinet ...... •..••...••...... •.•.....•.••. $14.34 ..•. 50 p. c. Cotton, 30 threads in warp ...... •. sq. meter .. 16!c ..... 35p. c. Cotton, white, adults' ...•.•.•...... ••••. dozen .. $4 .•••••• 35 p. c. Cotton, less tllan30 threads in warp .. sq. meter .. 1$..•.. 35p. c. Cotton, white, childrcn's ..••..• - .•.••••. dozen .. $2 .•••••. 35p. o. Pnlleys: Cotton, fine, for adults ..••...•.•..••...•. dozen .. $7 .....•. 35 p. c. Iron ...... 19c . ..•. . 35p. c. otton, fine, for children .•...••...•..•••. dozen .. $3.50 • • .• 35 p. c. Brass ...... - --.------·----·-······ 29c ...... 35 p. c. Linen, white, for adults ..•••••.•.••••.•.. dozen .. $15 ..•••• 40 p. c. Punches, for sewing ...... 86o ...... 45 p. c. Linen, white, for children ..•.•••....•••.. dozen .. $8 ...•... 40 p. c. Purse ...... 86c ...... A.s per material. Linen, colored, for a.dults ...... •••. dozen .. $24 .••••• 40 p. c. Pole and iron fastenings ...... •.. tc ...•... 20 p. c. Linen, for uhildren . .•..•.•...... •..... dozen .. $12 ....•. 40 p. c. (~ninino ...... •...... - $3 ...... Free. Woolen ...... •...... •.•...... dozen .. $9...... $1.10 and 35 p. o. l:.a-ttlcs ...... -...... --- .. -.... ------29c ...... SOp. c. {Chemise) for ladies, cotton ..•..•.....•.. dozen .. $7 ...... 35p. c. Razors: {Chemi e) for children, cotton .•.•..•.•.. dozen •. $3.50 .... 35 p. c. Witli hamUes, horn ...... ••...... •...... 29c ...... 35p. c. (Chemise) for ladies linen, plain ...... dozen .. $12 .••.•. . 40 p. c. With ha.mlles, ivory------················· 86c ..•.•. 35 p. c. {Chemise) for ladies, linen, embroidered ..dozen .. $24 .••... 40 p. c. R bozos : Shoes: 'ottou, prints, 26 threafls ... : ..... square meter .. $1.06 .... 35p. c. $1.72 ... . $1.10 and 35 p. o. 'ott on., prints, 38 thre:uls ...... square meter . . $1.86 .... 35p. c. g~ i':.~~:~. :T~~·. ~~ot•:::::::::: :::::::~:::d.~~~~:: $13 ...... 35 p. c. ('otton, prints, 44 threads ...... square meter .. $4.38 .... 35 p. c. Of leather, ladies' ...•.....•...... •... dozen .. ~13 ...... 35 p. c. Liurn, prints, 26threads .••.••... squaremeter .. $1.75 .... 40 p. c. Of silk, ladies' ...... •••..••..•.•...••••. dozen .. $17 .••••. 60p. c. Linen, prints, 38 threads •.• ·...... quare meter .. $1. 6 .... 40 p. c. Of children, leather ....••..••••..•••..•••.••••.•. $7. Linen, pt"ints,64threads ...... squaremeter .. $5.50 ... . 40 p. c. Of silk, children's ..•....•••.•••••.••.•••...••..•. $10 .••••. 60p. o. \Vool, prints, 26 threads ...... square meter .. $1.27 ... . $1.10 and 3!• p. c $3. Wool, pt·ints, 38 threads ...... square meter .. $1.86 .... $l.10 and 35 p. c. g~ ~s~~~'ti::~-~~ ._._._._._._._._._._._._::::::::::::::::::: $15 ...... 60 p. c. Silk, prints, 26 thr ads ...... square meter .. $15 ...... 60 p. c. Shot, lead ...... ••...... •...... •••.....•••. 6c ..•.•.. 35 p. o. Silk, prints, 38 threads ...... square meter .. $20 ...... GOp. c. l::lhovel ...... •...••...•...... ••.. 19c ..•... 35p. c. Silk, print!'l, 64 threads ...... squaremeter .. $31...... 60 p. c. :::iieves, wire ...... •...... •...•••.•....•. 19c ..•... 5o. and 15 p. o. Mixed print , 26 threads ...... quare meter .. $1.50 .... 35 p. c. Silk: 'ot ton and linen, 38 threads ...... square meter .. $2.19 .... 35p. c. Unbleached ...... •.•••.•...... $1 .91.... Free. Cotten and linen, 6-! threads ...... square meter .. $-1.75. Raw .....•.•••...... •...•••••••..•••••.•..•.••. $8.60.... Free. Silk au1L cott{)n, 26 threads.---- ...... $8.43.--. 50 p. c. Flos ...... •.•....•.••••...•.. $5.73.. .. 35 p. c. ilkaml cotton, 38 threads ...... $12.32- .. 50 p. c. Oiled ...... •...... •. 75c ...... 50p.c. ilk anll cotton, 6-! threads ...... $:!0.75 ... 50 p. c. Sil ver-platecl manufactures: ~ep_s, woolen ...... square meter .. 35c ...... 1.10 and 35 p. c. Gerntan, in plates ...... •.••...... •...••..... 29o ...... 35 p. c. l.e~:~rns ...... -...... •...... 25c ...... 115-i Fine manufactures ...... •...... •.... $23 ...... 35p. c. Ribbon: Mixed with gold manufactures ..•.•..•••..•..••. $38 ...... 35p. c. Cotton ...... $2 ...... 35 p. c. Skins, dressed ...... •...•...•....•....•...... $1.43 ..•• 20p. c. Linen ...... -- ...... -- ...... - ...... $2 .. -.... 40 p. c. Slates ...... •.•..••••..•...•..•...... ••..•..•.... lOc . .•... 40 p. c. \Voolen ...... •.•...... $2.68.... 1.10 and 35 p. c. Slate-pencils ..•....•.•.•...... •.•.•.••••..••.•. 10o. ilk ...... •...... •..... $14.34 .. - 60 p. c. Sli pers: $ .17 ... - 50 p. c. 0 57o ..•... 35 p. c. ~~: ~:~~?~~~it~~~~-::::::::::::::::::::: $8.60.... 1.10 and 35 p. c. sE~~~:. ~~~~~:~~ ·_ :~: ~ ~:: :~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~:~ ~ :::: :~~ ~::::: $15 ...•.. 60 p. 0 Rice ...... •....•...... 7o ...... 5-t. Woolen ...... •..••..••...... 57 c...... $1.10 and 35 p. c. Rings: .All kinds, adults' ••••...... •.•.•.. dozen .. $6...... ~ .A.ocording to ma Orilinary metal ...... •...... •...... 36o...... 35 p. c. Children's ...... •••...•...... •.•••••••••••••••. $2. • • • . • . 5 terial. Gilt ...... •...... $1.15- .. - 40 p. c. Iron ....•..•...... ••...... 19c .••... 35 p. c. slb~C:. ~~ ~-t~:.~~-s-:. _ .. _. _•... __ • _. _. ___ .•• _•••• _. 19c ..•... 5}c. Brass ...... •..•.•...... •.•.. -- 29o ..•... 35p. c. Brass .••....•....••...... ••. ••••••·•·•••·••· 29c ....•. 35 p. c. With screws ...... •...•.... 2!1c ...... 35 p. c. Snuff...... •...... ••••.•••••••••.••••••••••. $2.50.... $1.10 and internal For pt·esses ...... -..•••...... •.•.... 86c .•.•.. 35 p. c. revenue tax. Roots anll harks, medicinal ...... •...... •. 20c ...... Free. Snuffers ...... •....•.•.••••....•.••.••..•••••••••.. 29c ..••.. 35c. and 45 p. o. Rosaries ...... •.. 19c ...... 50 p. c. Soap: Rib and ornaments, brass, iron, &c ...... •..•••••. 29c ...... 35 p. c. Ordinary ....•...•....•.•.....•.•••.•.••••••••••. 15c ...... Free and 21c. Rum: Fine ...... •.•.....••...... •..•••••••••••••••• $1.15 .... 22c. and 25 p. c. In bottles ...... •.••...... •.•...... 57 c ...... $2 per gallon. Socks : In lJarrel ...... •.. 48c. . . • . . $'2 per gallon. $1. •••.•. 35p. c. Rusbli~hts for candle-screens ..•...... •••••..•...•. 29c ...••. 35 p. c. g~=~: ~:re~~~·8::::: ~: ~::::::: :::::::: :1~!:~:: 66c .••... 35 p. c. Sack , ready-made ...... ••.•. 55 p. c .. - 40 p. c. Woolen, adults' ...•••.•..•.....•..•.••••. dozen .• $1.06 .••. $1.10 and 40 p. c. Saddles ...... •...•...... •.•.....••. 55p. c .•. 35 p. c. Woolen, children's ...... •.••••••. dozen .. 77c •••••• $1.10 and 40 p. o. Safes, iron ...... •..••.•...... 19c...... 35 p. c. Linen, adults' ...... ~ .....•....•....••••. dozen .. $1. ••..•. 40p. c. Saffron, dry or oil ...... •....• , •..••...... $3.82 .... Free. Linen, children's ....•...... •....•.•.••. dozen .. 66o .••... 40p. o. Sag;o ...... •...... 12c ..•.•. Free. Soda-caustic ...... •..•.•...... •••...... •••••.. 8c ..••.•. 3ic. Salicine ...... •.....•...... $2 ...... Free. Spangles ...... •...••.•.....••.••.•..••••..•.••. 86c. Salmon ...... •.....••.•...... 10to72c . $3p. bbl-66c. p.lb. Spectacles: Salt, coUllllon ...... •.•.•.•...... 5c...... Sc. per 100 lbs. Set, except ;in gold or sil"\'"er .•.....•••.••.•...•••• $Ll5 .•.. 40p. c. Salls: Not set .•...... ••....•....••••...•••..•.••.. 29o .••... 40p. c. Atropbine ...... •••...... 25 ...... 20 p. c. Spirits of wine, any packing ...... •.••....••.••.•.. 75c .••.•. $2 per gallon. Morphine ...... •••...... $10 ...... 20 p. c. ulpbate ...•...... •...... 15c ...... 20p. c. $1.15 •••. 20p. o. $12 ...... 20 p. c. s)~;e_:······Ordinary ...... •...•.•.•..•....•••••••••······································ 29c .••.•. 20 p. c. a~~~~~:::::::: :::~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::: 72c...... 4c. to 15 o. per hox. Sp~~ns, c~ffee, ladles, &c.: arsaparilla ...... ••.•....•...... 75c ...... ]'ree. Tmned rron .....•.•••....•••.•.•••••••..••.•••••• 19c.•••.. 35p. c. 24c...... Free aml 35 p. o. Brass ...... •.•.•.•...... •••••..••••••••••. 29c .•.•.. 35 p. c. ~:~~~f~~::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 48c ...... 35 p. c. Plated ...... •..••••.•••..•...•••••••.••. 43c .•.... 40p. c. Scales, of iron ...... 29c...... 35 p. o. Gilded ...... ••••••...•...... •.•.••••. $1.15 ..•. 40 p. c. Scarfs, for neck: Silver-plated ...... •...•.....•..•••...•. 86c ...•.. 40p. c. Cotton ...... sqnare meter .. 17c ...... 3c. Spring doors ...... •..•.••.•••••••.•••••.••.•. 19o .••••. 45p.c. 23c...... $1.10 and 35 p. c. Springs : ~ :~; f:tiled: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::: 29c ...... $1.10 and 35 p. c. For coaches ..•...... ••....•...•.••••••.••.•••••. 12o ..•.•. 5o and 15 p. c. Silk ...... •..•...... $14.34. . . 60c. For bells ...... •....•.•.••••••••••••. 29c .••••. 5c and 15 p. c. ·woolen, embroidered ...... 32c...... $1.10 and 35 p. o. Wire for furniture ...•.....••...... •.••.•.••...•. 29c .••••. 5o and 15 p. o. Woolen, embroidered with silk ...... •...... 40c ...... $1.10and35p. c. Spurs ...... •.. 58c ...... A.s per material. Canton crepe ....••.•....•...... $!1.56 -. - . 60 p. c. Spy-glasses ...... •...... •...•. $1.15- •. - .A.s per material. Sci!\ ors: Squeezers, wood or iron, for lemons or fruit ..••••. 19c .••••. 35p. c. Steel ...... ••...... •.•.•...... 86c ...... 45 p. c . Starch .•....•••.••...•.•.•...... •...... ••••.. 7o ..•••.. 2tc. and 20 p. c. .More than 14 centllneter ...... •...... 29c...... 45 p. c. Statues: Cast-steel, all sizes ...... 19o ...... 45 p. c. Second quality ...... •.•.•••••...... •...•••••. 10o ...•.. Free. Sconces, brass ...... 29c...... 35 p. c. Fine ...... •...••...... ••.•••. 34c .•.••. Free. Screens .....•...•.....•.....•...... 57c ...•.. 35 p. c. Plaster ...... •...... •.••...•••••. Do .••.•.. Free. Screws: .Alaba, ter, bronze, and composition ...••••••••••. 29o .•.••• Free. Iron ...... •....••...... 19c...... 5!c. to 24Ac. Sta.vs. (corsets:) Brass . .•...... •...... •.... 29c ...... 35 p. c. Cotton, for children ..•.•••..••..••.• , ., .. ~ozen .. ~3 .••..•. .2 ver do~en. 1882. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 2117 Comparative table of the tariffs of Mexico and the United States-Continued. Mexican United States Mexican United States Articles. 1-ates. equivalents. Articles. rates. equivalents. Stays (corsets)-Continued. Per "kilo. Per lcilo. Per l.:ilv. ror kxo. Cotton, for ladies ••...••...... •. dozen .. $6 . .••..• $2 per dozen. Trusses ...... •..•..•...•••...... 4:c...... As per materiaL Linen, for ladies ..•...••••...•.•..•....•. dozen .. $6 . •..... $2 per dozen. Umbrellas: Linen, for ohildren ...... •...•...... dozen . . $3 ...... $2 per dozen. Cotton ...... •...... 55c...... 45p. c. \V oolen, for children ...... dozen .. $6 ...... $2 per dozen. Linen ...... •.... 75c ...... 45 p. c. Woolen, f"qrladies ...•...... dozen .. $3 ..••... $2 per dozen. SOc ...... 45 p. c. Steel ...... - .. --- -..•.. -... -. -- ... -... -. 6c ...... 5c to 45p. c. $1.65 .. . . GOp. c. Manufactures, not specified ...... •...... 24 Mr. VAN WYCK. :Mr. President- Mr. VAN WYCK. I will yield if I do not lose my rjgbt to the :Mr. SA'VYER. If the Senator from Nebraska will yield to me for floor. one moment, I should like to ask the Senate to tnke up Honse Lill Mr. DAYARD. The Senator from Arkansas [Mr. GARLAND] is No. 4440. It is a bridge bill which is a matter of a good deal of prepnred to address the Senate on the subject of tho tari1I commis importance, and which passed the House Ul)animously. ston, but uoes not feel in good health this afternoon. It is proposeu 2118 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. MARCH 21·, L that he shall p·:oceed to-morrow. Therefore I agree that the regu proceeded to consider the bill (S. No. 1432) abolishing the military lar order may be laid aside informally for the purpose of taking up reservation of Fort Abercrombie, in the State of Minnesota, and the bill suO'gested by the Senator from 'Visconsin. authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to have the lands embraced The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Nebraska [Mr. therein made subject to homestead and pre-emption entry and sale VANWYCK] has taken the floor upon the tariff-commission bill, ancl the same as other public lands. · wants to speak now. Mr. COCKRELL. I should like to ask a question. I see that the Mr. BAYARD. I beg pardon; I thought he was asking that his bill affects a military reservation anu has never been before the Com friend from Wisconsin be allowed to have a bill passed, to which I mittee on Military .Affairs. I should like to know from what com have no objection. . . . mittee the bill is reported and what is ~he status of the reservation Y Mr. VANWYCK. If I do not lose my pnv1lege on the pending Mr. McMILLAN. This bill was reported from the CQmmittee on bill, I am willing to yielcl to the Senator from Wisconsin. Public Lands by the Senator from Iowa, [Mr. McDILL.] The reserva Mr. BAYARD. I want it understood, whether my friend yields tion has been abandoned for many years as a military reservation or not, that the pending bill is only to be laid aside informally. and has been transferred to the Interior Department. The portion Mr. ALLISON. I wish to say to the Senator from Nebraska ern braced in this bill is but one-half of the original reservation, the that the consular and diplomatic appropriation bill is ready to be other half of the reservation being embraced in the Territory of acted upon and if the Senate will stay in session until five o'clock I Dakota, and that portion of it having been surveyed and made sub would be giad to go on with that bill to-night i otherwise I shall ask ject to the laws of the United States regulating public lands prior him to give way at two o'clock to-morrow, if he defers his remarks to this time. This merely takes the other half of the reservation, until that time. which has been abandoned for years and has been in charge of the Mr. VAN WYCK. I am perfectly willing to give way to any Interior Department. necessary legislation ; onl~ I ~ant it understood that I do not lose The PRESIDENT pro tempore. There is an amendment of the Com my right to speak upon this bill. mitteee on Public Lands, which will be reported. The PRESIDENT p1·o tempore. By unanimous consent the bill The ACTING SECRETARY. In line 6, after the words "subject to," indicated by the Senator from Wisconsin can be taken up, and when it is proposed to insert " town site;" so as to read: the tariff-commission bill is again before the Senate the Senator from And the Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized to have the lands em Nebraska [Mr. VANWYCK] will be entitled to the floor. braced therein made subject to town site, homestead, and pre-emption entry and 1t1r. SAWYER. I ask the Senator from Nebraska to yield to me sale th.e same as other public land. for one moment. The amendment was agreed to. . The PRESIDENT pro tmnpm·e. The Senator from Nebraska has The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend yielded. It is the Senator from Iowa [Mr. ALLISON] who is now ·ment was concurred in. suggesting that an appropriation bill be taken up. The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the Mr. ALLISON. Then I am afraid the burden is upon me. I should third time, and passed. be glad to go on with the consular _and d~plomatic appropriation bill to-night, but the Senator from ·wlScousm [Mr. SAWYER] appeals to OTOE A..l~ MISSOURIA RESERVATION. me, and the colleague of the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. SAUNDERS] lli. SAUNDERS. The Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. DAWES] also appeals to me, instead of appealing to his own colleague, so that has arrived in the Chamber, and I should like to proceed now with I shall give way for these small bills to be considered now. the bill I referred to before. The PRESIDENT pro ternpore. The Senator from NebraAka asks BRIDGE BETWEEN WABASHA AND REED'S LA1U>L~G. the Senate to proceed to the consideration of the bill (S. No. 930) to Mr. SAWYER. I ask that the Senate proceed to the consideration amend an act entitled ''An act to provide forthe sale of the remain of the bill (H. R. No. 4440) to establish a railway bridge across the der of the reservation of the confederated Otoe and Mi souria tri bet~ Mississippi River extending :(rom a point between Wabasha and of Indians in the States of Nebraska and Kansas, and for other pur Reed's Landing, in .Minnesota, to a point below the mouth of the poses," approved March 3, 1881. The bill has been considered as in Chippewa River, in Wisconsin. Committee of the Whole, and the amendments of the Committee on .Mr. BAYARD. That displaces the tariff-commis ion bill inform Indian .Affairs have been adopted. If there be no objection the bill aUy, jt. is understood f is before the Senate as in Committee. of the Whole again. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Of course. Mr. D.A WES. One of the committee's amendments was to strike By unanimous consent, the Senate, a-s in Committee of the Whole, out a section. Was that adopted f proceeded to consider the bill. The PRESIDENT pro tern,pore. It was adopted. The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered Mr. SAUNDERS. One section has not been adopted, I think, that to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. is the fourth section. PRESIDENTIAL APPROVAL. The PRESIDENT p1·o tmnpore. The Secretary informs the Chair A message from the President of the United States, by 1\fr. 0. L. that the amendment striking out the fourth section was adopted in PRUDEN, 01111 of his secretaries, announced that the President had Committee of the Whole. The bill is still open to amendment in this day approved and signed the joint resolution (S. R. No. 49) mak Committee of the Whole. ing a further appropriation to relieve the sufferers by the overflow Mr. DAWES. I presume by unanimous consent the vote adopting of the Mississippi River and its tributaries. that amendment may be re~r;nsidered. The Senator from Nebraska OTOE AND MISSOURIA RESERVATION. has no objection. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. .Another vote can be taken on it Mr. SAUNDERS. I ask my collea.gue if he will yield to me to in the Senate, and that probably would be the easiest way. allow me to call up Senate bill No. 9:30 f Mr. V .AN WYCK. Did I understand the ChaiJ.· to say that amend- The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Nebraska asks ments were now in erder to this bill 7 the Senate to take up a bill the title of which will be read. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Yes, sir. The Acting Secretary read the title of the bill (S. No. 930) to amend Mr. DAWES. It requires unanimous consent to take up the bill. an act entitled "An act to provide for the sale of the remainder of The PRESIDENT pro tempore. It does. the re ervation of the confederateu Otoe and Missouria tribes of Mr. D.AWES. Unless that section can be restored, I shall object Indians in the States of Nebra-ska and Kansa-s, and for other pur to the bill being taken up. poses," approved March 3, 1881. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. It requires a majority of the Sen Mr. HOAR. My colleague is not present, and he took some part ate to decide whether the bill can be taken up. in the consideration of that bill before. I object till my .colleague Mr. SAUNDERS. We will take the vote. comes in, and then the Senator can renew his request. Mr. DAWES. I understand it requires unanimous consent to take Mr. McMILLAN. I wish to suggest that a report was made this the bill up. morning from the Committee on Public Lands in regard to the Fort lfr. V .AN WYCK. That has been granted, I understand. Abercrombie military reservat.ion, recommending the passage of the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. There can be an objection and then bill on that subject, and I ask that that bill be taken up now and a vote must be taken, and in that case a majority can deci Mr. HOAR. I understood that the unanimous consent was to the affixed. It has been affixed as to all other tribes and all othe:r whole thing. This has not passed beyond the ~om~ttee of the reservations. Whole and the unanimous consent was that the bill might be taken There is another restriction, and that is as to taxation. That is up and that particular amendment be considered as not made. That precisely the same and in precisely the same words as is appli~d to is agreed to by both sides. · all the reservations that have been parceled out by allotment rn all Mr. SAUNDERS. I am perfectly willing. the new States, Iowa, Kansas, and Nebraska, hitherto: a~d is a res The PRESIDENT pro tempore. That was the understanding a few ervation in some form, I do not know exactly what, or a nght on the days ago. part oftht. General Government reserved when the States were ad Mr. SAUNDERS. I am willin~ by general consent that another mitted into the Union. It is an adopted principle which has been vote may be taken on that amenament. applied in all of the e States. I do not know why at this particular The PRESIDENT p1·o tempore. Then the reconsideration of the point and in r eference to these particular Indians there should be an vote may be regarded as ha As Mr. Glover failed to tell the amount of dividends paid each a 5 per cent. dividend was paid, and in the year 1873 20 per cent. year, wrote the paragraph in the very singular way it is written was pa;id-that is 375,000, while in 1~4t a year of great depres ion, probably to prevent telling it, let me, in a much less space, say just 55 per cent., or $8'25,000, was paid in diviaends. In the eighteen years what Mr. Glover ought to have said: dividends for 1869, 20 per cent.; of profusion and plenty that preceded Black Friday the gas company for 1870, 10 per cent.; in 1871, 15 per cent.; in 1872,15 per cent.; in paid its stockholders 375,000, and in the year of depression which 1873, 20 per cent. ; in 1874, 55 per cent. ; in 1875, 20 per cent. ; in followed it paid them $825,000. 1 76, 65 per cent.; in 1877, 15 per cent.; in 1878, 15 per cent.; in Does any reasonable man believe that the difference in the expend i 1879, 15 per cent.; in 1880, 15 per cent., and in February, 1881, 5 per tures and receipts justify this difference in divi4.ends t Of com·se cent. not. IIow, then, account for itt By the very pleasant process of But :Mr. Glover does not tell us upon what amount of stock these reason and induction. dividends were paid, and to read his letter the inference would be The money received in 1872 and 1873, instead of being paid out as that the e dividends were upon the original ca-pital stock of the com dividends, was withheld to pay the instaHments on the scrip stock pany, $500,000. An examination of Mr. Bartol's letter in connection issued. As soon as this was paid up a tremQndous dividend of 55 per with Mr. Glover's enables us to arrive at the truRl, which these gen cent. was paid. tlemen ha.v.e studiously endeavored to conceal. And this process was repeated. Congress had authorized an in· Their gas company's stock was increased to 1,000,000 November 1, crease to 2,000,000. Three hundred thousand dollars had been allot 1868, (see Glover's letter,) and to $1,500,000 in June, 1872, and to ted and paid, and it was determined to make another allotment. $2,000,000 November 15, 1876. (See Bartol's letter, paragraph 2, page Twenty per cent. dividend was paid in 1875 and 65 per cent. paid in 2.) With these facts we can see how much the company paid a not 1~76. Think of it, 75,000 dividends paid in one year. Nearly 200 stated by Mr. Glover. per cent. on the original capital stock. Then an additional $500,000 of stock wa-s issued, and the dividends re'duced to 15 per cent. per Year. Dividends. Money paid. annum, at which figure they have been kept that the scrip stock might be paid for, and for other reasons which will be shown. The aualy is of these letters affords a convincing proof that not a Oapitalstock, $1,000,000. dollar has ever been paid into the capital stock of this gas company 1869 ...... 20 per cent. $200, 000 except the ori O"inal $500,000. 1870 ...... 10 per cent. 100, 000 Now for "t~e other reasons" why the dividemls have been kept 1871...... 15 per cent. 150,000 at 15 per cent. per annum, (which is, however, 60 per cent. per annum 1872 (to May) ...... 10 per cent. 100,000 on all the money ever paid in.) In 1877 there was a general belief Total in less than four years . ...•...... 55 per cent. 550,000 that water-gas could be made cheaply, and the subject of electrical lighting began to be discussed. And Mr. Bartol tells us in his letter Oapi tal stock, $1,500,000. that- 1872, (August) ...... 5 per cent. 75, 000 1873 ...... 20 per cent. 300,000 under these circumstances the board of directors of this company have deemed 1874 ...... 55 per cent. 825, 000 it a duty to the stockholders they represent to prepare for this contingency, a.nd 1875 ...... 20 per cent. 300, 000 they have retained and invested a cash balance of $650,000 to be held in reserve to 65 per cent. 975,000 enable the company to make such additions to their works aa will allow them to 1876 ...... reduce the price of ga. :Ray, Shallenberger, Thompson, Wm.G. Ward, NATIONAL BANKING ASSOCIATIONS. Reed, Sherwin, Tillman Washburn, Rice, John B. Shultz, Towns~d, Amos Watson, Mr. CRAPO. I ask unanimous consent to submit for com:ideration Rice, Theron :M. Singlet~n. J as. W. Townshend, U.. W. Webber, and adoption at this time the resolution which I send to the Clerk's Rice, William W. Skinner, Tucker, West, desk. Rich, Smith, Dietrich C. Tyler, White, The Clerk re:td as follows: Ritchie, Spaulding, Updegraff, J. T. Williams, Chas. G. Robeson, Speer, Updegraff, Thomas Willits, Regolved, That House bill No. 4167, to enable national banking associations to Robinson, Geo. D. Spooner, Urner, Wilson, extend their corporate existence, be ta.ken from the House Calennar and 1uad.e the Robinson, James S. Strait. Valentine, Wise, George D. special order for the 15th da.y of April next, after the morning hour, and from day to day until disposed of, not to antagonize general appropriation and revenue bills. Russell, Talbott, Va~ Horn, Wise1 Morgan R. Ryan, Taylor, Wa1t, W oou, Walt.e1· A. Mr. McMILLIN. I object. Scranton, Thomas, Walker, Itlr. BLAND. I object. N A YS---.55. Mr. KENNA. Everybody objects to that. Armfield, Curtin, Holman, Smith, A. Herr The SPEAKER. Objection being made, the resolution is not be Blackburn, Davidson, Hooker, Sparks, fore the House. Blanchard, Davis, Lowndes H. House, Springer, Mr. PAGE. I call for the regular order. Bland, Deuster, Hutchins, Stockslager, Blount, Dibble, Jones, James K. Thompson, P. B. STATISTICAL ABSTRACT, NO. 4. Buchanan, Dibrell, Matson, Turner, H<~nry G. Caldwell, Evins, McKenzie, Turner, O:scar The SPEAKER. The Chair desires to state that it has a commu Chalmers, l!'orney, McMillin, Vance, nication from the Secretary of the Treasury in relation to the fourth Chapman, Geddes, Mills, Warner, numb~r of the statistical abstract of the United States prepared by Clat-dy, Gunter, Phister, Wellborn, Whitthorne, the Treasury Department and transmitted to the House some time Clark, Ha1·dy, Roi.Jertson, since. It was referred by the House to the Committee on Printing. COI'k, Harris, Henry S. Sh~Wkelford, :;ilii~s, Thomas Covington, Batch, Simonton, The Chair is informed that it has been usual to refer such communi Cravens, Hoblitzell, Singleton, Ot.ho R. cations to the Committee on Ways and Means and at the same time NOT VOTING-74. order them to be printed. If there is no objection the change of reference will be made and the document will be ordered to he Allen, Culberson, Klotz, Robinson, Wm. E. Atherton, Cutt.s, Latham, Rosecrans, printed. Atkins, Darrell, Leedom, Ross, Mr. SPRINGER. The Committee on Printing has already con Barbour, Dnnn, LeFevre, Scales, sidered the matter, and we are of the opinion that a sufficient num Bea.ch, Ellis Lindsey, Scoville, ber of these documents has already been printed, and that there is no Belmont, Frost, Lord, Shelley, Beltzhoover, Gibson, Mason, Smith, J. Hyatt necessity for printing additional copies. Black, Godshalk, :McCoid, Steele, Mr. RANDALL. Has the usual number been, printed' Bliss, Grout, Morrison, Stephens, Mr. SPRINGER. Yes, sir. Bowman, Hardenbergh, Morse, Stone, Cabell, Heilman, Nolan, Upson, The SPEAKER. The Chair understands that it has never been Cannon, Herbert, Oat.es, VanAernam, printed by order of the House. Carlisle, Herndon, Parke1•, Van Voorhis, Mr. SPRINGER. There is a general law requiring it to be printed. Chace, Hill, Peirce, Wadsworth, Mr. KASSON. The Committee on Ways and Means are prepared Clements, Hoae Pettibone, V{beeler, Colerick, Hn'ilbs, Prescott, Wood, Benjamin to request that the document be printed. Cox. Samuel S. Jadwin, Reagan, Young. Mr. SPRINGER. If the Chair will permit the matter to lie ovoc Cox, William R. Joyce, Richardson, D.P. until to-morrow, I will in the mean time examine the law on the sub Crowley, King, Richardson, J no. S. j ect. So (two-thirds voting in favor thereof) the rules were S"LlSpended Mr. RANDALL. I suggest that the document be referred to the and the resolution was adopted. Committee on Ways and Means with power to order the printing if The following pairs were announced: they deem it necessary. Mr. PEffiCE with Mr. BARBOUR. The SPEAKER. The Chair is of opinion that the gentleman from Mr. BOWMAN with Mr. ALLEN. Illinois [Mr. SPRINGER] has in view not this document but the ordi Mr. GODSHALK with Mr. DUNN. nary report ofthe expenditures of the Department. Mr. SMITH, of lllinois, with Mr. BUCKNER. Mr. SPRINGER. I have examined this very document carefully, Mr. CULBERSON with Mr. LINDSEY. and from that examination it is my impression thatthe printing has .Mr. VAN AERNAM with Mr. Scovn.LE. alrea.dy been ordered . lli. YOUNG with Mr. LEFEVRE. Mr. RANDALL. These reports from the Statistical Bureau, under Mr. MASON with Mr. LATHAM. the charge of Mr. Nimmo, are of great interest not only to members Mr. RICHARDSON, of New York, with Mr. RICHARDSO~, of South of Congress but to the whole country. I think this printing is very Carolina. desirable. Mr. CORNELL with Mr. NOLAN. The SPEAKER. The Clerk will read the communication from the Mr. HEILMAN with Mr. KLOTZ. Secretary of the Treasury, that the House may understand what this Mr. BEACH with Mr. VAN VOORHIS. document is. -Mr. SHELLEY with Mr. PRESCO'IT. The Clerk read as follows: TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Mr. HERBERT with·Mr. PE'ITffiONE. March 17, 1882. Mr. McCOOK with Mr. KING. SIR: On the 25th of January la.st this Departm.ent transmitted to the House of Mr. MORRISON with Mr. STEELE. Representatives the fourth number of the Statistical Abstract of the United States1 Mr. CUTIS with Mr. MANNING. prepare Mr. SPRINGER. I ask that the title of the document be read closing almost all the breacheA except one, the Pittman1 about midway between the Beaux and Lockport, east bank, and one about fifteen miles below Lockport, again. which must inevitably ruin many poor people on the banks and 1n the interior. 'l'his The Clerk read as follows: ruornmg we learn of breaks at Platonville, east bank of Bayou La Fourche, and one The folll'f.h number of the Statistical Abstract of the U niwd States, prepared by on the east bank of the Mississippi nearly opposite Donaldsonville ; and many dan· the Treasury Department. gerous points are reported to un between Baton Rouge and this place. The lower portion of the river from tlrls place down is suffering from crevasses which occurred Mr. DUNNELL. No such document as that is embraced in the on the Fleitas Story and Live Oaks, places in Plaquemine Parish, the second of geuerallaw. which must inundate Saint .Bernard Parish and reduce to distress many persons in that section. Even the Red River Valley is being seriously burt by the swelling The SPEAKER. Unless it is covered by general terms. of the Red River and connecting streams. En resume, :it certainly appea1·s that the Mr. SPRINGER. I understand, however, that this document con entire State, exceptin~ the western tier and Florida pariRhes, must be very seri tains the message of the President ofthe United States and the accom ously affected, involvmg in many instances starvation, if relief is not afforded. panying statistics. Every day earnest and sincere al!peals are made to us for rations for man and beast. To specify particularly what 1s needed to save from starvation is absolutely im Mr. KASSON. There can be no question,· I think, as to the pro v.ossible, because we have not got the data. required, but you may rest assured the priety and necessity of this printing. aevastation is unprecedente d, and will require te avert a great calamity the lib Mr. SPRINGER. If this matter be allowed to go over until to eral and generous hand of the Government, for though relief be given now, it will morrow the Committee on Printing will examine and report upon it. be only momentary, for these people will be in greater need thirty days hence than now. Should it be deemed WISe to furnish supplies commensurate with the needs Mr. KASSON. _We only ask that the usual number be printed. of man and beast, we have to request you to urge that a Government officer be de The committee can make examination as to the question of printing tailed to make the distribution, to whom will be given our very best co-operation. any additional number. M. GILLIS, Mr. SPRINGER. From the examination I made, I was of the opin ISA.AC SCHENCK, LOUlS .BUSH, ion that the usual number .had already been printed. Commissioners jOT' Louisiana,. The SPEAKER. The Chair has been informed from the printing To the SENATORS AND REPRESID."TATIVES of Louisiana. office that no copies of this have been printed. .Mr. SPRINGER. The delay of one day will not make any differ ORDER OF BUSINESS• ence in this matter; therefore I object to the change of reference to Mr. PAGE. I call for the regular order. day. To-morrow I shall be able to state definitely whether I am The SPEAKER. The regular order is the call of committees for mistaken in my present impression, based on my previous examina reports. tion of this subject. . l\ir. PAGE. I move that the morning hour for reports of commit The SPEAKER. If there be no objection attention will be again tees be dispensed with. called to the subject to-morrow. The motion was agreed to, two-thirds voting in favor thereof. POST-OFFICE APPROPRIATIO:N BILL. CONTESTED ELECTION CASES. :Mr. CASWELL. I ask that the bill making appropriations for the l\Ir. CALKINS. I desire to give notice that on Satmday next, postal service for the year ending Jnne 30, 1883, which is now on unless something which I do not now know should intervene, I shall the Speaker's table with Senate amendments, be taken up and re call up for consideration the contested election case of Campbell vs. ferred to the Committee on Appropriations, and that the bill as Cannon; also the case with reference to the seat claimed by l'tir. amended, with the amendments numbered, be printed. Ball, as Delegate from Alaska. Mr. ROBINSON, of Mas~:;achusetts. I desire, under Rule XX, to l\lr. KENNA. There is a special order for next Saturday. reserve at this time points of order on all Senate amendments. l\Ir. CALKINS. I wish to say further that with the present feel The SPEAKER. It will be time enough to do that when the bill ing of the committee I do not know that any discussion will take is reported back. , place on either case, except in the Alaska case by the claimant him Mr. ROBINSON, of Massachusetts. I think that for abundance of self. In the other case I do not suppose that much discussion will caution I will1·eserve points of order at this time. be indulged unless members so notify me between this time and next The SPEAKER. The gentleman can make points of order when Saturday. the Committee on Appropria-tions report the bill back. l\Ir. ANDERSON. There is a special order for next Saturday. Mr. ROBINSON, of Ma,ssachusetts. The Chair will allow me to l\Ir. COX, of New York. When does the gentleman from Califor say, it has once been ruled that if points of order a.re not made or re nia. [Mr. PAGE] propose to have a vote taken on the Chinese bill T served before the committee takes the bill it is doubtful whether l\Ir. PAGE. I want to give the largest latitude to debate; but I they will be in season afterward. I will not ask that the amendments give notice that if agreeable to both s1des of the House I shall call be read now, but ·am content to reserve points of order so that our the previous question at three o'clock to-morrow. · rights may be saved. Mr. COX, of New York. I see no objection to that. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to taking this appropriation l\Ir. TOWNSHEND, of Illinois. I hope my friend from California bill from the Speaker's table, referring it, with the Senate amend will not call the previous question until he has allowed further oppor ments, to the Committee on Appropriations, and ordering it J>rinted tunity for debate. with the amendments t The Chair hears no objection, and 1t is so The SPEAKER. The gentleman from California simply gives ordered. The gentleman from Massachusetts reserves all points of notice. order. Mr. RANDALL. I would like to understand whether there are to SUFFERERS BY 1.\ CHINESE IMMIGRATION. silks were exposed to sale in the luxurious cities of the Roman Empire The SPEAKER. The regular order is the further consideration of when the Christian era began. Its civilization is pre-eminently the bill (S. No. 71) to execute certain treaty stipulations relating to marked by dogged conservatism. The Chinaman of twenty centu Chinese; on which the gentlemanfram Ohio [Mr. :McCLURE] is enti ries ago is unquestionably the Chinaman of to-day. The operations tled to the floor. of time, of climate, of foreign conquest, of emigration have made no Mr. McCLURE. Mr. Speaker, I confess, and I confess it without visible impression upon his rooted national characteristics. He is compunction, that I have often been charmed, especially on the original, immovable, and inveterate in the preservation of his race Fourth of July, with the grandeur of the idea that om· shores are open distinctions. He never amalgamates. to all the races of mankind, from the Esquimaux to the Patagonian, But what I desire to invite the attention of this Honse to is, not from the Mongolian to the South Sea Islander-in fact, that we are a the antiquity of Chinese civilization, not the territorial magnitude sort of continental menagerie ofnationalities, a sort of an ethnological of the Chinese Empire, not the variety of its physical geogTaphy, animal show, in which all tho races of men, mixed and unmixed, pure but to its redundant and enormous population. The official census and mongrel, Christian and pagan, civilized and barbarous, warlike taken in 1812 announced the population of China to be 360,000,000 and unwarlike, monogamous and polygamous, black and white, yel souls. Nor is there the slightest warrant to impeach the accuracy low and red, dwell together in peace and harmony. To such a zoolog of that census. Population in that vast empire multiplies with sig ical paradise of the races some of the philosophers of this body invite nal vigor, and if unholy methods were not employed to repress it It the .American people in the name of sentiment. In cont-emplating would speedily outgrow the means of subsistence. The population this poetic idea, ecstatic emotions are likely to be kindled. in one's of China, according to the best estimates, is to-day 450,000,000 souls. brea.st. But it is all poetry and no reality. That overgrown population in a great empire, where till.e resources The American courts have refused to recognize the doctrine of ex of subsistence are now pressed to the utmost, is peculiarly exposed to patriation as applied to the acts of our own citizens, and if there is the vicissitudes of famine, of epidemic, of foreign war, of civil con any recognition of this doct~ine on 01J! part i~ is in ~rea ties ne~otiated vulsion; for the internal repose of China has frequently been broken since 1867. I propose to discuss this questiOn briefly, not from the by civil strife, which has forced considerable bodies of the insur stand-point of sentiment, not from any lofty pinnacle of a~rial moral gents to seek refu~e in the neighboring countries. Considering, there ity, but from the unpQetic stand-point of common sense. fore1 China as it 187 its overgrown population, its proximity to the ·And the first question to be settled ia, have we the right to sus PaCific States-for steam navigation has brought Canton nearer to pend Chinese inlmigration as contemplated in the bill f San Francisco than Nashville was to Washin~on City in the admin By the code of J?Ublic law, ?ld ~s ci~lization, .every natio~ h!l's a istration of Andrew Jackson-! say considermg Chlna as it is, it is right to allo.w or disallow. the lmmigrati?n ~f fo!el~~rs.. Th1s nght no exaggeration to declare that the Pacific States are liable at any is mherent m the sovereignty and territorial JUrisdictiOn of every moment to a numerous, and therefore dangerous, irruption of Mon independent power. In addition to this right of international law, ~olians. These dangers, it is true, are merely conjectural. But there we have secured an express right by treaty with China to regulate, IS no occasion to venture on the domain of speculation, for the peo to limit, and to suspend Chinese immigration. The only qualifica ple of California are menaced by real dangers in the shape of the tion in the treaty is that the limitation, regulation, or suspension steady growth of Chinese inlmigration. Since 1854 over one hun shall be reasonable. What are twenty years in the chronology of dred thousand adult Chinamen have established themselves on the the Chinese Empire, which is older than the pyramids of Egypt, from Pacific coa-st. They come and go. The parent colony, however, con whose summit twenty centuries looked down upon the French when stantly grows in size. Alien in manners, servile in labor, pagan in they fought, three-quarters of a century ago, a battle under their religion, they are fundamentally un-.American. shadow'l In the computation of time twenty years in the history of Our civilization,which is the most potent in the world in blotting the Chinese Empire is but as a day. out race distinctions and amalgamating nationalities, is utterly pow Christianity ha..s been arraigned on this floor by opponents of this erless to efface in a single aspect the primeval national characteristics measure, because of its failure to reclaim from original sin 100,000 of the Chinaman. He ia literally iron-clad to the genius of our insti coolies on the Pacific coast. They might as well arraign .American tutions. He is the same unadulterated Mongolian on the banks of the institutions for their failure to Americanize them. Christianity Sacramento River as he is on the Hoana Ho. He is the same big needs no defense here or elsewhere. It is amply able to take care of oted pagan, after twenty-five years' residence under the spires of San itself in the conflict with Asiatic paganism or any other form of reli Francisco, as he is amon~ the joss houses of Canton. He is the same gious delusion existing on earth. While .American institutions may unbending Asiatic, whether toiling on the Union Pacific or under be powerless to implant in the heart of a Chinaman a sentiment of the shadow of the ~eat wall of China. His national characteristics, liberty, no man will doubt the ability of the American people to his physical life, his very vices, enable him to underbid and drh-e maintain and defend constitutional government on this continent. out white labor by unequal and injurious competition. But some gentlemen argue that China will take umbrage at this I will not stop to specify the inequality of this competition. It il!! measure, and therefore our commercial interests in that direction sufficient to affirm1 in general terms, that wherever Mongolian labor will be put in great jeopardy. Now there are two answers to this goes in sufficient torce, there white labor inevitably succumbs. No argument: first, we simply enforce a right guaranteed to us by othe~ result is possible. In the light of these facts, I therefore asse1·t solemn treaty stipulations whlch can afford no just cause for um that the Caucasians and the Mongolians cannot dwell together much brage on the part of China; and, secondly, the Chinese merchants, lo:qger in pea-ce on the Pacific coast. above all merchants in the world, are incited by cupidity and will It has been asserted that the Pacific States would in the end be trade in whatever quarter of the globe they can trade to the greatest come all Caucasian or all Mongolian. I believe that language ha-s advantage. Why, Mr. Speaker, twenty years ago England and France been ascribed to the late Senator Morton. I doubt very much at the point of the bayonet extorted a treaty from China, and yet whether he ever used it. If he did, it was a most inexplicable in that act of war and invasion did not compromise in the least the advertence. The man who declares on the floor of this House or on commercial interests of those two great and enlightened powers. the floor of the Senate that the race in whose veins flows the blood But other gentlemen apprehend far more serious results than the of Cromwell, ofHampden, ofBurke, of Washington, ofWebster, of interruption of friendly commercial relations with China. They Lincoln will surrender the Pacific States to Mongolian ascendancy fancy that if Chinese immigration is cut off desolation will over has studied the history of American people from a most fallacious spread the Pacific States; t.hat civilization will stand still; that stand-point. material growth will be arrested; that the loccmotive will cease to This question is not the question of possible Mongolian ascendancy scream in the Sacramento Valley ; that the wheat fields will go un in the Pacific States. That ia not the danger. It lies in another tilled; that the grape and peach and apricot will rot unplucked on direction. ~ For twelve years the people of California have remon their stems; that the grizzly bear, descending from his mountain strated a~ainst the continuance of this evil. Year after year they home, will prey upon the unguarded flocks; and the people of the have besieged this House with their petitions. Their conduct has Pacific States, in the course of a year or two, in general mass meet been manly, and their patience most admirable. ings, will be pounding at the doors of this ?ou~e, headed by an ex The danger is, that if Congress should continue to disregard the · Congressman of the name of P.AGE, demanding m thunder-tones the just expostulations of the Pacific States, the headstrong element in repeal of this iniquitous, un-Christian, un-American, inhuman, and those States, and there are headstrong elements in all communities, diabolical act. While that would be a most singular solution of this despairing of national snccor, giving full rein to their passions; may problem, 1, for one, would be perfectly willing to send the gentlemen undertake to redress their own grievances in their own way. I ap who indulge in these sad auguries as a deputation to the Golden Gate prehend tha-t is the real danger that impends over the future. to welcome with eloquence and song and flowers and the roar of Race collisions are coeval with race diversities. The same causes artillery and the blaze of bonfires the returning "heathen Chinee." that will provoke a breach of the peace in Massachusetts, or New But to return from this digression. In my judgment, the only ques York, or Connecticut, will provoke a breach of the peace in Califor tion at issue is the question of expediency. Is it expedient to sus nia, or Oregon, or Nevada. But such a solution of this difficulty pend Chinese immigration, at the present juncture, in the manner pro would be discreditable to the American people and a stain upon o11r posed in the bill t And that brings me to the main proposition. national honor. What is the situation of affairs 7 Confronting California on the west, Now is the time to settle this question, and to settle it peaceably with the ocean between, lies the empire of China. It extends from and fairly. To procrastinate its solution will only asgravate the east to west, from the Sea of Japan on the one side almost to the Cas evils that may surround it in the future, and possibly mvite public pian on the other, over seventy depees of longitude, and from north dishonor, ifnot calamity. To trifle with an evil is !:!imply to invig to south QV "'r thirty-five degrees ot latitude. It was old when Alex orate it. · ander stop1 t;tl hls victorious troops on the banks of the Ganges. Its Take polygamy as an example. Singular as it may appear, that 1882. CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-H_OUSE. 2127 social distemper was propagated in the north temperate zone, where if not antagonistic. The sp..ip-building States have a grievance, as climate and public opinion are at war with the polygamous habit, has the whole country, in the decay of our commercial marine. by a man of New England origin. Pursuing substantially the forty That grievance should, if possible, be redressed. Massachusetts second degree of north latitude, driven out of New York, driven out and Connecticut and New York and Pennsylvania and Ohio have an of Ohio, driven out of illinois, driven out of Missouri by local exas interest in t.he protection of our domestic manufactures not precisely peration, Mormonism finally barricaded itself in the wilderness, and, reciprocated by Kansas and Nebra-ska and Iowa and Minnesota, yet by the national delinquency, was permitted to overspread and occupy we stand by a protective tariff, because it is advantageous to Ameri a great Territory. And now to tear out by the roots this carnal mon can labor. Louisiana has an interest in the production of sugar, and strosity of the Sierra Nevadas, to overthrow this nasty aggregation we protect the interests of Louisiana. Texas has an occasional of lascivious outlaws, and to manumit a great Territory from the grievance in the depred·ation of the cattle-thieves that infest the iron grip of an audacious gang of sacerdotal libertines, requires the Mexican side of the Rio Grande. To redress her grievances and to utmost exertion of the arm of the national power, backed by the protect her cattle .from rapine, let the saber of our dragoons, if neces angry protests of public opinion from all sections of the country. _ sary, gleam along the whole Rio Grande front. So much for trifling with an evil. Yet the assertion will hardly be Our western Territories have grievances in the hostile operations challen~ed that the dignity of white labor is in far greater danger in of the Indians, a race of men who, fi:om Pocahontas to Sitting Bull, the Pacific States from Asiatic competition than the monogamic in have displayed the same national habits of perfidy, of cruelty, and of stitution of the American people is from the practice of polygamy in barbarism, and yet we protect our growing Territories by the Army Utah. Both are evils of great moment, and this House has done its and by the expenditure of national treasure. The whole people have a part in striking down the one, and the nation expects it to do its grievance in the existence of polygamy in Utah-; therefore we tear part in settling the other. it out by the roots. The people in the .Jitfi sissippi Valley have an Mr. Speaker, I believe that national valor is the firmest bulwark appalling and wide-spread grievance at the present time. The Mis of national liberty. No people, ancient or modern, ever acquired, sissippi River, swollen by the lawless floods of its numerous tribu enjoye(l, or defended constitutional liberty without being endowed taries, rioting in the intemperance of l}.llbridled power, sweeping in the highest degree with the virtue of martial courage. Cowardice over the puny restraints of man, has carried destruction along the and liberty are repugnant. Valor and democracy are inseparable. wide pathway of its mad floods. I am a citizen of Ohio, and I might To be free is to be brave; and to be brave is, in the end, to be free. look upon that calamity a-s pertaining simply to the people of the The Chineie people are notoriously unwarlike. The fact that, in :Mississippi Valley. On the contrary, my heart goes out to tho e 1860, a mere handful of Europeans, in a battle under the walls of homeless families who huddle on the broken levees of that imperial Peking, dispersed, almost without bloodshed, the military power of but riotous stream. I applaud the most generous exertions of the a.n empire of 450,000,000 inhabitants, warrants the use of a term of national power in relieving their temporary distress, and hope to be description far less urbane than that of unwarlike. But in animad able to applaud its wise superintendence in so bridling the ?tlissis verting on this capital ant:l notorious vice of Chinese nationality, I sippi River, so circumscribing it to fixed boundaries as to limit, as (lesire to employ very soft language. far as it ism human power to limit, its opportunities to inflict ca Suppose that we had 450,000,000 inhabita.nts in the United States, lamity on the strong-armed and stunt-hearted people who dwell in and in order to protect our northern frontier from the incursions of the its magnificent basin. Canadians we should build with incredible labor a stone wall from The people of Nevada, of California, of Oregon, have a grievance New Brunswick across the continent to Vancouver Island; suppose in the continuance of Chine e immigration. They have demanded that in addition to this, in order to protect our southwestern frontier of this House year after year the redress of this grievance. Shall from the depredations of the Mexican greasers, we should build a stone the people of New York or Massachusetts or Connecticut set them wall from the Gulf of Mexico along the Rio Grande frontier up to selves up in judgment upon the people of California and Nevada and El Paso ; with such stupendous monuments of national pusillaniluity, Oregon and pronounce their grievances imaginary and untenable' how long would constitutional government subsist in this country T Let their just complaint lJe answered, for it 1s by the prompt eradi If the Jlorthern people had been molded of such material, the gen cation of geographical evils such a-s the people of the Pacific States tlemen on the other side of this Chamber, in the late civil war, would now complain of that the prosperity, the order, and the repose of all have watered tQeir cavalry horses in Lake Erie and · bivouacked the States are subserved, the foundations of the Union strengthened, their infantry in the parks of New York City in about thirty days. and the lo>e of the American people dmwn to the flag. When the Roman people, under Marcus A.ntoninus, built a stone In conclusion, 1\!r. Speaker1 I insist that the Republican party is wall along the Dacian frontier to protect the empire from the irrup now committed, and has been committed since its organization, to tions of the Germans, they proclaimed the decay of their national the principal object of this bill-the preservation of the dignity and valor as well as the degradation of their national character. freedom of labor. It fought its first great battle in 1856 upon that The immigrants who are pouring to our shores to-day, from west issue; it stood by the same colors in 1860, when it elected Abraham ern Europe and the British Isles, are the descendants of those fierce Lincoln; it espoused the cause of Kansas when that:' virgin Terri nations who broke through that Dacian barrier, forced the pa sage tory was being forced to the hateful embraces of slavery ; " it made of the Rhine and the Danube, and overrun with invincible steps a labor honorable all over this country; it wrote in golden letters upon sinking empire. These representatives of the great Teutonic, Celtic, the statute book a liberal homestead law; it protected American and Scandinavian families come here to become American citizens in manufactures and American labor by wi e tariff leO'islation. All every sense of the word. Instead of corruptmg, they enrich our along its line it ha-s espoused the cause of labor. Sh:ill it now turn blood. Instead of impoverishing, they corroborate our martial vir its ba-ck upon its old battle-flag, upon its old war cries, upon its tues. They renounce allegiance to all other governments and swear latest national platform, as. mere clap-trap, and be recreant to its allegiance to the United States of America, and as a rule they keep high trust T As a protectionist, as a Republican, I stand by the their oaths. white labor of the Pacific States against the dishonorable compe Confessedly, great as is our capacity to absorb these kindred na tition of cooly labor, and I can vote for this bill with a clear con tionalities it is likely to be taxed to the utmost in the near future. science. [Applause.] The immigration to our shores from Europe during the la-st year ap I yield tho remainder of my time to the gentleman from Pennsyl proached the magnitude of an exodus. This incoming tide of popu vania, [Mr. BAYNE.] lation is more likely to augment than diminish in volume. Mr. BAYNE. 1\lr. Speaker, I have very ha tily gathered some The condition of Europe; the gigantic military establishments thoughts upon this ubject, not knowing until yesterday afternoon kept up by European states in time of peace; the incessant wars that I woulcl have an opportunity to speak. For that opportunity I they have waged and are likely to wage; the enormous debts they am indeuted to the courtesy of my friend from Ohio [.Mr. McCLURE] have J?iled up; the change in their monetary standard from gold who ha-s just addre ed the House. and silver to gold alone, which has rendered the burden of these It is well known that a bill to restrict Chinese immigration was debts almost intolerable; the unhappy and restless condition of the passed by both Houses of the Forty- ixth Congress, but was vetoed Irish peasantry; these and other causes are likelytoimpel upon our by President Hayes on the ground that its provisions were in conflict shores in the near future growing masses of the European people. with the then existing treaty between the Chinese Empire and the Undoubtedly, we have a problem from that section, but that prob United States, and known a theBurlin~ametreaty. President Hayes lem is easily solved, because the immigrants coming to us from that recognized the unrestricted immigration of the Chinese a-s an evil, quarter become homogeneous with organic aptitude and preposses and the country is indebted to his administration for the negotiation sion. of a treaty with China which authorizes Congress to regulate, limit, But tr you add to the problem on the Atlantic front the problem or suspend that immigration. on the Pacific front, the problem of unrestricted Chinese immigra The bill under consideration is intended to carry into operation tion, of Mongolian invasion, (for it will in time amount to an inva the provisions of the new ti:eaty. If it becomes a law the importa sion if not arrested,) you will complicate in a large degree the diffi tion of cooly labor will be stopped after ninety days, and for the culties that may surround this country in the visible future. period of twenty years. The Chinese who are now in the United The sound policy of this bill is maintainable on other grounds. States, and tho e who may be accredited as diplomatic representa The United States have already become a mighty power. Our ter tives of that government to the United States, and such Chinese a-s ritory is washed on the east and the west by two oceans, and extends may come for mercantile purpo es, or for the purpose of acquiring from north to south, from Cleveland to New Orleans, over twelve education, or to travel, will not be precluded from coming and con hundred miles. Our population is now ovflr fifty millions. The summating such objects. ne:xt Federal census may announce it to be seventy-five millions. The bill has evoked a discussion in both the Senate and the Honse Our pursuits are-multifario\ls and onr interests at times conflicting, which reflects great credit, in my judgment, upon both its friends 2128 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARcH 21, and its opponents. It presents no mdinary problem, and it iR well, to impose upon any other cla.ss. Intellectual and moral culture is therefore, that there should be brought to bear upon its solution all attainable and, I may say, is attained by every boy and girl in the the reasons which logic and experience can marshal. laiJ.d. In a word, the civilization of the United States is highly The stand-points .from which this measure is viewed by its sup developed, and every year and every day is adding potency to the porters and opponents are largely and essentially different. The forces that are promoting that development. people, the institutions, and the territory of the United States are "With such powe-r, and such re ources, and such capacity, what the elements which form the stand-point of the former; this entire reason have we to fear the Chinese or anybody else 7" say the oppo planet is scarcely sufficient to form the stand-point of the latter. It nents of this bill. I reply, "Disease will kill the strongest man.l' is but natural that widely varying conclusions should be reached by The social organism is no more exempt from the attacks of diseas processes quite lo.~~cal from postulates so entirely unlike. Those than the individual organism. The healthful activity of the ocial who oppose this bill argue that our bill of rights has fastened upon functions is just as essential t.o the well-bein~ of a people as is the our country and its institutions the duty of receiving and affording natural activity of the functions of a man to his health and comfort. asylum for all people who may choose to come to it. By coupling The law of the distribution of the labor of a society regulates and with this hypothesis the theory of the universal brotherhood of controls the social functions of that society, and the adaptation of man, a convenient way is at once found to the conclusion that the the parts to each other and the harmonious working of the entire bill should be defeated. system are not the result of sudden causes, but they are the result of These are, concisely stated, the materials out of which the whole long, long years of slow growth. Now, whatever affects injuriously warp and woof of the arguments against this bill are woven. The any one of the e functions hurts the entire society. By that test let sentimental colorings, so neatly depicted by the ~entleman from us judge the coming and the doings of the Chinese. In the able Ohio, [Mr. TAYLOR,] may please those with msthetlc predilections, speech of Senator MILLER, of California, I find the following : like the gentleman from Massachusetts, [Mr. MORSE,] but they will The more intelligent Chinese, who had learned the art and business in which fail to attract the admiration of those who look into the philosophy they had been employed, began a. 00-{)perative system of Chinese manufacture, of things for the course that it is wisest to pursue. Eloquent allu and numerous factories sprung :UP· carried on wholly by Chinese in competition with their old employers. Cninese proprietors imported laborers from China, sions to our national traditions may captivate those who look to the who came under contracts for a. term of years, as they all come, and worked out past for their inspiration, but they will have but little influence on those who are compelled to deal with the stern realities of the present, ih:u~~t!~i~~~~:;~: ::~~~d~t?o~~a·fh:rn~~~~~n~t ;;;J :h~f~~: which is the lot of the great masses of the people. tories now in San Francisco is sixty. The number caried on by white proprietors is twelve. The number carried on by Chinese is forty~ight. Tbeflumber of slip But are our national traditions, our bill of rights, our system of per fa-ctories is fifty, all canied on by Chinese. The number of Chinese employed government, antagonistic to the exclusion of the Chinese f Does the m making boots, slioes, &e., is 5, 700 ; number of white people so employed is 1,100. bill before us violate these principles 7 I think it does not. When this After a brief colloquy with Senator HoAR, he says: continent was first settled, and during the whole period of its history The statistics of the manufacture of cig;ars in San Francisco are still more sug from that time until about twenty-five years ago, itwasneverdreamed gestive. This business was formerly earned on exclusively by white people, many that the people of Asia. would be likely to immigrate into it. It was hundreds finding steady and lucrative employment in that tmde. I have here the perfectly known that the people of Europe had come, were coming, certified statement from the office of the collector of internal revenue at San Francisco, showing the number of white people and Chinese, relatively, employed and would come. Now, constitutions and laws are construed in the on the 1st of November last in the manufacture of cigars. The stat~ment is as light of the circumstances which surrounded them at the time of their follows: formation. They are the products of their environment, and it is an Number of white men employed...... 493 invariable rule of construction that they were made with reference Number of white women employed .... _.···-··--·· .. _•....••.. ______...... _ 170 to that environment. The history of om· countl·y shows that there Total whites ______...... •...... ····-·· ...... _...... __ 663 were three kinds of people here when the Constitution and the first Numbe1· of Cl:linese employed ...... -·-- .. ---· ___ ... _.... 5,182 set of laws enacted thereunder were formed, white people, native The fa-cts of this statement were cart'lfnlly ascertained by three deputy collect born, and of different European nationalities; Africans, who were ors. Tbe San Francisco As embly of Trades certify that there are 8. 265 Chine e mostly held as slaves, and the aboriuines or Indians. employed in laundries. It is a well-known fact that white women who formerly Now, the best denotation of the t1;.eory of our Government as to did th1s work have beenquit.edrivenoutofthatemployment. The same authority certifies that the number of Chinese now emplor.ed in the manufacture of clothing who should and who should not become a part of the body-politic in San Francisco is 7,510, and the number of whites so employed isl,OOO. In many is the naturalization laws. These laws extended an invitation to industries the Chinese have entirely supplanted the whitela.borers, and thousands all who could take the benefit of them to come to the United States of our white people have quit California and sought immunity from this grinding and make it their home. By parity of reason they did not welcome competition in other and better-favored regions. those whom they excluded from such privileges. The laws passed These facts show that the Chinese in San Francisco have almost in 1802, 1804, 1816 and 1824, are still in force and unchanged, ex wholly supplanted our own people in certain classes of skilled and cepting as I shall hereafter point out, and under them none but free unskilled work and manufactures. They have appropriated mostly white persons could become citizens of the United States. In 1870, t-he occupations which can least endure severe competition. They after the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution had been ratified, drive out the poor women as well as the s1irong men. They can sub they were extended to " ·aliens of African nativity and to persons of sist on less than one-half of what our people must have to live. It .Afi:ican descent." This just atonement for the crime of human slav is said that it does not cost a Chinaman more than eight or ten cents ery was a fitting sequel to the preservation of our national unity. a day to live. Now, sir, at no time from the beginning of our Government to the Now, who will contend that such disturbances of our economic present could a Mongolian become a citizen of the United States. conditions are not a social malady f Who will argue that driving When the traditions we speak of wer.. supposed to be active princi our own people out of their occupations and their homes is not the ples the Constitution and laws I have spoken of were formed, and destruction of social functions which the law of the distribution of the courts have decided that the laws enacted in pursuance of that labor had matured f Who will assert that the pre ence of such a Constitution do not admit the Mongolian to citizenship. The fact conflict is not a constant menace to the peace and happiness of om is that the opponents of this measure have deduced most of their people! conclusions from the beautiful aureole which envelops our Goddess There are phases of the moral degradation of the Chinese which of Liberty, and seem unwilling to heed her oracles, which are plainly are too revoltX!g to describe. The temptations which they place in enough written in the Constitution and the laws. the way of our youth, and the dreadful consequences that too fre Now, what is the other aspect of this controversy t Having come quently ensue, may not be spoken here. Not recognizing the mar down from the cerulean heights where the opponents of this meas riage relation, having but little if any regard for the obligations of an ure delight to linger, let us examine the problem from a practical, oath, indifferent to all things except the accumulation of money, concrete, common-sense, yes, and a philosophical point of view. p~rsistent in debased habits and modes of life, their influence on our The people of the United States are intelligent, industrious, and civilizaMon would only tend to its corruption and decay. generous. They have a splendid domain, a va t accumulation of The population of China is variously estimated at from 350,000,000 wealth, and an excellent system of government. They are organized to 450,000,000. There are now in the United States about 125,000, into a nation of umivaled capacity and power. Their interests are about 75,000 of whom are in California. With what disfavor and mutual and interdependent, and the general prosperity and happiness apprehension they are regarded by the people of California may be are the combined resultants of the individual efforts which they deduced from the vote of the people of that State in 1879, when the make in the struggle for existence. In no other country of the world question of Chinese immigration was submitted to the people. The is the effort to be and to do beset with fewer difficulties or attended vote was 883 for, and 154,6a8 acrainst this immigration. A similar with greater triumphs. Their civilization is marvelously progres vote was taken in Nevada. with the result of183 for, and 17,250 against sive. They are not selfish. They invite and welcome tho e who will tlris immigration. come and assimilate with them; tho e who :flee from oppression and Now, to my mind these votes are very significant. The people of seek freedom; those, in a word, who desire to become good citizens. California and Nevada are as good and patriotic as the people of the The people of the United States, fortunately and neceSRarily, fol other States, of the Union. They have churches, school-houses, libra low a great variety of occupations. The wise and judicious enforce ries, and newspapers, and there is· no rea-son, it seems to me, why their ment of protection by the Government has stimulated and encour judgment should not be considered just. I must think that they have aged all kinds of industry. The people are nearly all workmen. a better right to say what ought to be done than the people of any The farmers, manufacturers, merchants, professional men, producers, other State, because they are the sufferers~ It seems to me to be little and the skilled and unskille(l workingmen, with their wives and short ofpresumptionfor those who have no cause of complaint against children, form the great bulk of the population. The distribution the Chine e because they are not brought into contact with them, oflabol' is1 on the whole, equal and just, and no class has the _power to say to the people of the Pacific States HYou must endure this evil 1882. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 2129 whether yon like it or not." Gentlemen, put yourselves in the place But, Mr. Speaker, while I propose to support the bill under con of the people of California, and then arrive at a conclusion as to what sideration, I shall vote for it more cheerfully if the period of its lim ought to be done. Some of the gentlemen who oppose this mea-sure itation is reduced from twenty to ten years. With a majority of the have ungenerously intimated that if the Chinese had votes no such Republican membership, if not indeed ofthat of the whole Rouse, I measure would be pressed. It is scarcely fair to impu~n the motives appeal to the gentleman in charge of the measure [Mr. PAGE] to of those who favor this bill, who live thousands of miles away, and make this concession to our convictiO'ns of honest dealing, justice, whom the votes of the Chinese could in no way affect. It is a bad and national faith, under existing treaties with China. I appeal for and an irritating cause which requires such advocacy, and I venture this amendment to the managers of this bill as a Republican desirous to say that the judgments of the advocates are not wholly free from of preserving and fulfilling the traditions and tenets of the Repub doubt as to the tenability of their position. I mie;ht retort, too, if lican party, and of exemplifying our faithful .adherence to the I were so inclined, that if these same gentlemen had. to work in Cali Chinese plank in the National Republican platform of 1880. fornia at $30, or $40, or $50 per month, instead of $5,000 a year and The treaty ratified last year with the Empire of China empowers mileage in the city of Washington, they would not be so devoted to the United States to "regulate, limit, or suspend" Chinese immigra the opinions they now have. tion, but not to "absolutely prohibit it." I quote further: "Tho The dignity of American labor, that great somce of our wealth, limitation or suspension shall be reasonable, and shall apply only to must be vigilantly guarded against all attacks. The purity of our Chinese who may go to the United States as laborers, other classes civilization must be preserved. The welfare and happiness of our not being included in the limitations." I submit, sir, that a period own people should never be lost sight of. These objects will be pro of twenty years in this connection is not a reasonable time, and if moted by this bill. I think it will pass and become a law. If it fail, enacted as a law will entail upon us as a people, not only the stigma or if, after the lapse of ten or twenty years it shall not be revived, of broken faith, but will subject us to retaliation disastrous in its the wisdom of those who favor it now and of those who may seek to consequences to ouT commercial interests, a matter of considerable revive it will uot be doubted by the generations that will follow. importance, not to mention an estoppel to ali American effort for the In every land where the Chinese have gained a foothold they have evangelization of that benighted pagan empire. ultimately conquered it, not by the force of arms, but by the in Twenty years, sir, is the epoch of a generation. It is equivalent sidious methods of supplanting the people whose domain they have to abrogation of the treaty not yet a year old. Twenty years may invaded. Four hundred millions of people are a dangerous rival. not be too long for our national welfare to close our ports against He is a wise man who will not overlook this fact. Mongolian pauper labor; half a century, one hundred years, forever, Believing that this is a just and necessary measure, and that it is may ultimately become our wisest policy. Let us leave this part of consistent with the treaty, I shall vote for it as it is. the problem to the future, and for the present fix a single decade for the trial. Thus, while giving the Pacific slope the relief it needs MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE. and which all are ready to grant, still keep within reasonable bounds A messa~e from the Senate, by Mr. SYMPSON, one of their clerks, of our recent compact with the Celestial Empire. Other modifica announced. that the Senate had agreed to the amendment of the Rouse tions are suggested, but this single one will, I am confident, bring of RepreseRtatives to the bill (S. No. 650) to authorize the Secretary to this bill a support equal to that given the anti-polygamy act last of War to release a right of way across the lands of the United week. States at Plattsburgh, New York. This is not an age of sentiment, but of practical, common-sense Also, that the Senate had passed with amendments bills of the House utilitarianism. Iu staying Chinese immigration for, say, the next ten of the following titles, in which amendments the concurrence of the· years, we but avail ourselves of terms to which China bas consented, Rouse of Representatives wa-s requested, namely: and may still expect our trade with that empire to continue and in A bill (H. R. No. 42'2'2) making appropriations for the support of crease. During the fiscal year ending J nne 30, 1881, it reached nearly the Military Academy for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1883, and for $28,000,000, having doubled since the adoption of the Burlingame other purposes; and treaty thirteen years ago. Let the Chinese go, if you will, but let A bill (H. R. No. 4439) to amend the Revised Statutes of the United them go decently and in order, as becomes the great nation we claim State establishing the times, places, and provisions for holding terms to be. Let the Chinese go, but let us preserve our plighted faith in of the district and circuit comts in the northern district of New York. violate before the nations of the earth. This is not only right, it is CHTh"'ESE Il\IMIGRATIO~. wise policy. By any other course we not only degrade ourselves in Mr. SCRANTON. It has not been my intention to ask a hearing the eyes of the world, but are false to our consciences and blind to upon this subject, already so ably and thoroughly debated. I am, our commercial interests, for by such action we shall forfeit to Eng however, in receipt of a request from the workingmen of my district to land, France, and other commercial nations the valuable trade which express their opposition to Chinese immigration ~nd their sympathy years of persistent effort have opened to us in China. Let the bill with brother workmen on the Pacific slope. At a convention of be amended to ten years, ancl thus avoid any protests for violation representatives of operatives from the collieries in my district, held of the spirit of the treaty. at Pittston on Saturday, their views were expressed in the follow In pre-Abrahamic time, during the reign ofNimrod., the mighty con ing telegram : queror, "the whole earth was of one language and of one speech." PITI'STON, PENNSYLV.U."'A, March lB. In the land of Shinar (Babylonia) was undertaken the building of a We, the representatives of the miners and laborers of the Luzerne and Lacka tower, ''whosetopmayreach unto heaven." TheLordsentupon them wanna coal regions of Pennsylvania, assembled at Pittston this 18th day of March, confusion of tongues, and scattered them abroad upon the face of the 1882, do resolve that we heartily co-operate with our brother workmen on the earth. What shall be the future of America when assimilation of all Pacific slope in restricting the immigration of Chinese labor to our shores, and as races, colors, and creeds upon the globe is expected within her borders f constituents of Ron. J. A. SCRANTON, we respectfully ask that he express the same as being tbe sense of the people of these coal fields. Shall we continue a free, Christian republic, the dawn ofmillenium; P. MOONEY, or shall we sink into a second Babel! Ohairman Oommittee on Resolutions. Ron. JOSEPH A. ScRA...~TON, A MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT. House of Representatives, WQ.$hington. A message in writing from the President of the United States was The body sending this message represents 30,000 workingmen, two communicated to the House by Mr. PRUDEN, his Secretary, who also thirds of whom toil in peril and darkness underground. They pro announced to the Rouse that the President had approved and signed duce one-third of the entire anthracite coal tonnage of this country, bills of the Rouse of the following titles : and I bear their message to you for consideration and in evidence that A bill (H. R. No. 1514) appropriating 100,000 for continuing the the eye oflabor all over the land is upon our deliberations and scru work on Davis Island dam; and tinizing our acts. A bill (H. R. No. 4283) for the relief of Susan Marshall Massie. . Mr: Speaker, the ~trict. from which I come is distinctively a labor district, the great mdustrial center of NortbeasternPennsylvania, CHINESE IMMIGRATION. and from one end of it to the other is almost a continuous line of col Mr. BUTTERWORTH. Mr. Speaker, I do not rise to address the lieries, with furnaces, forges, founderies, and mills ablaze in iron and Rouse in forgetfulness of the fact that the question under considera ~teel manufacture. These miners, mine laborers, mill hands, mechan tion baa been presented in almost if not quite every light in which ICs, and all classes of daily toilers at manual labor are a thrifty, in it is capable of being presented. All the facts have been collated tellig.ent, law - a~id~g, patriotic people. The;y- advocate and uphold and every view presented that those fa-cts suggested. In the kaleid the nghts and digmty of labor and are tenamous and jealous of its oscope we constantly view the same particles and colors, yet at each power and prerogatives. They believe in the American system of pro turn they present a different form and arrangement, thus producing tection, and look to Con~ess to stand between them and the pauper new impressions. So I may in my presentation of facts in connec labo~ of E~ope. Cl~g protectio.n .for their own labor, they are tion wit.h this question so arrange them as to call into existence consistent m demanding the same pnvilege for that of their fellows new impressions and new thoughts. less. favorably ~ituated .. Their ~rotberhood girdles the continent and I am not entirely clear that the title ofthis bill correctly describes therr sy~pathies a!e V?th therr fellow-~an upon the Pacific slope. its purpose. While favoring the bill most earnestly, at lea-st in its They believe AmeriCa IS for the Caucasian race, and acceptinO' the purposes and ultimate objects, I am yet inclined to believe that it results of the rebellion recognize the .African as a co-laborei' and ought not to be described as a bill to carry out and into effect certain citizen. Not so with the Mongolian; for him the:r have no affiliation treaty stipulations with the Chinese. The provisions of this bill are nor welcom.e, and I but voice their sentiments in these expressions rather permitted by the treaty stipulation than enjoined by its terms. and would illy represent them did I not embrace this opportunity to BILL AND TREATY STIPULATIONS SHOULD BE WELL CONSIDERED. vote against unrestricted Chinese immigration. I desire the House to consider well whether the bill :is in its tel"IIlB XIII--134 2130 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARCH 21. obnoxious to the stipulations of the treaty between our Government ence that should not be increased or extended, but should be de and the Government of China. I do not think, Mr. Speaker, that stroyed, in the interest of our free institutions, and those entitled to any one here will seriously question that this Republic, of all the the protection they were intended to afford. nations, can least afford to violate even the spirit of a solemn compact Now, if I could examine carefully and critically the 1,066 voters of made with another nation, because this is a Government of the the Pacific coast who are impressed with the idea that Chinese immi people, and we have appealed to the whole world to judge us and gration is in itself a desirable and delectable thing, I suspect I our institutions according to our bearing in the matter of adherence would find among them gentlemen not prompted in their action by to ricrht principles in the discharge of every public and private duty. the philanthropic motives and the spirit of Christianity which in And ~hatever might be tolerated in another nation the strength, spired the utterances of certain gentlemen upon this floor in opposi prosperity, and endurance of which does not, as in our own, depend tion to this bill. I apprehend I would .find among them many who upon the integrity, the intelligence, and virtue of the people, it is were making money out of the bone and muscle of this servile race clear to my mind that this nation cannot afford to do that which looks and who were not specially enlisted in the cause of Christianity, whose even in the direction of the violation of any single treaty obligation. lives were not wholly dedicated to that enlarged philanthropy which I am persuaded, sir, that the clause of this bill which provides for seeks the good of all, but who were interested rather in the shekels the suspension of Chinese immigration for a period of twenty years they could coin out of the labor of these heathen toilers. It is not goes certainly to the farthest limit of the letter of the treaty, and impossible, Mr. Speaker, I might find among them also a few, a very I greatly fear something beyond its sp~it; an(_! hence I ~oul~ vote few, of those philanthropists who are philanthropists in the abstract, for a reduction of the term of years dunng which the SllBpensHm of whose philanthropy is of that kind which neglects struggling human this immigration may be enforced. For I submit, looking at it as a ity at home and reaches across an ocean to find proper subjects of its lawyer and from a legal stand-point, that the clause of the bill which care. suspends the immigration for twenty years is in fact and result a pro THE ENTIRE PEOPLE OF THE PACIFIC COAST PROTEST AGAINST rr. ·hibition, and therefore is obnoxious to the clause of the treaty which I have little patience with that kind of Christianity which leaves provides that the immigration shall not be wholly prohibited. And a struggling and neglected mass of our own countrymen at home and I submit to my friends from the Pacific coast who are with spirit searches in far-off India and China for fields of labor and deserving and energy urging the passage of the bill in the ultimate purpose of objects for its solicitude and care. But the testimony of men who which they are so deeply interested that the modification proposed speak from their .own careful observation and long experience in ·will not militate against the successful accomplishment of the results California, Nevada, and the western slope where these people abound, sought to be attained by its provisions, and I therefore hope they and not from the inspiration merely of a devotion to philanthropy in will agree to the modification proposed, so that it may conform the abstract, men who speak from full and ample personal knowl clearly to the letter and spirit of our treaty stipulations. edge of the effects of contact with these immigrants upon our social, A NEW DEPARTURE IN OUR POLICI. political, and moral organisms, testify unanimously that this influence The consideration of this bill, 1\fr. Speaker, has claimed the atten is de~aded and degrading and that the hoped-for good to the Chi tion of the House for some time, and well it might, fo! the world is nese 18 small compared to th13 evil resulting to our own people, the looking on. This is a new departure for the young Republic. This free, independent laborers of the western coast. bill seeks to assert a right the existence of which is denied by BOTH THE GREAT POLITICAL PARTIES ARE COHlOTTED TO THE OBJECT AlfD PUR· honorable gentlemen upon this floor. It seeks to recognize a prin POSE OF THIS BILL. ciple the soundness of which is seriously questioned by gentlemen What else' We are not confined to this testimony at all. The whose jurlgment is entitled to credit and respect. It seeks to in Democratic party, through its delegates, in national convention as augurate a policy which is different from anything we have known sembled in 1880, prompted by what motive you please, voicing Dem in the history of our country. The wisdom of inaugurating such a ocratic thought and purpose, declared this influence corrupt and cor policy is also seriously doubted by honorable gentlemen upon this rupting and that the Chinese should not have lot or part among us. floor, gentlemen whose patriotism, learning, and thorough devotion Beyond that the Republican convention at Chicago, the same year, to the right cannot be questioned. adopted a resolution in spirit sanctioning the purposes of the bill now DGUGRATION OF CHINESE LABORERS BALEFUL. under consideration, in these words-it has already been read in your I have already adverted to the :fact, Mr. Speaker, that in my judg presence, but I will read it again: ment this bill does, in effect, violate, in one respect a-t least, the Since the authority to regulate immigration and intercourse between the United States and foreign nations rest with Congress, or with the United States and its spirit of the treaty between this Government and China, and hence treaty.making power, the Republican party, regarding the unrestricted immigrar it requires, as I have suggested, some modifications of that provision. tion of the Chinese as an evil of gre.-'l>t magnitude, invokes the Axercise of these I desire, however, to go to the uttermost limit to which we may go, powers to reRtratn and limit the immigration by the enactment of such ,iust, but still keeping within the spirit of that treaty, to the accomplish humane, and reaaona.ble provisions as will produce that result. ment of what is sought by this measure, i. e., the prevention of Here is the solemn declaration of the great Republican party con immigration to the United States of those persons who are denomi firming the testimony of California, Nevada, and the Pacific coast, nated in this bill as Chinese laborers. And I say this in the firm and enjoining upon Congress the duty of providing by law to miti conviction that that immigration and the presence of these people gate and do away with the evil; and we are to-day responding to among us is baleful in the highest degree. Now, is it baleful; is it that instruction. injurious; is it degrading; or is it an element we might properly JAMES A. GARFIELD CHAMPIONED THE PRINCIPLES OF THIS MEASURE. i desire to welcome to our midst Is it an element we would seek to And beyond that James A. Garfield, voicing the best thoughts of introduce into our moral, social, and political organism for any pur his party and of his time, voicing the humanity of the country, voic poseY ing the convictions of its religious people, voicing the practical phi Mr. Speaker, I have asked the question, is this influence baleful, lanthropy of the nation, declared in regard to this immigration, in is it injurious to our moral, our social, our political well-being J I lan~uage too plain to be mistaken, and under conditions which places do not propose to examine all the testimony submitted to this House its rmport beyond doubt, that it wa-s evil, and an evil that should not and to the country to establish that it is baleful and damaging in be tolerated among us. And you will bear me witness that there was its influence and effect, and that in an eminent degree. I will call but one response to his utte1·ance, and that was that J a.mes A. Gar as witnesses the intelligent population of California, and they have field was right. borne their testimony fully and clearly and unmistakably in this Mr. MORSE. Then he dodged the issue after all. behalf. What is the testimony of California Y When the question Mr. BUTTERWORTH. My friend is mistaken. James Garfield was submitted to that people whether in point of fact the influence A. of the immigration sought to be suspended was baleful, whether it did not know how to dodge any issue, nor how to shirk any respon sibility, and I will show you in a moment that ~:~ix years before he should be done a way with, what was the response f One hundred a.nd entertained similar sentiments. fifty-four thousand voters of that State answered in the affirmative. Mr. MORSE. The record shows he did not vote for the previous There were t:S83 who possibly entertained a contrary opinion. In anti-Chinese bill. Nevada there were 17,259 voters who asserted by voice and vote the BUTTERWORTH, (to Mr. MORSE.) M:y dear friend, of course influence of the Chinese laborers among us was injurious to our moral, Mr. it did not occur to you with your political convictions and associa social, and political well-being. There were 183 persons in Nevada tions that it was possible for any man to be controlled in his vote by who thought otherwise. a. scrupulous regard for the stipulations of a treaty between his own FEELING AGAINST CHINESE IMMIGRATION NOT MERELY RACE PRR.JUDICE. country and another-nation. I do not wonderJ sir.J that the gentle Now, it cannot be said 171,259 in those two States acted merely man is unable to understand why James .A.. Garfield refused to vote from race prejudice, such as that described by my honorable col for a bill the provisions of which violated a solemn compact between league from Ohio, [Mr. TAYLOR.] Very far from it. They have a his own country and another. Possibly he belongs to a party that !ecret ballot there. There was nothing to restrain the philanthropy are strangers to the observance of the o l'>ligation of solemn compacts. of whlch my friend spea,ks. There was nothing to prevent the asser But here is what James A. Garfield said in his letter accepting the tion of that Christianity which he says actuates him in his opposition Republican nomination for the Presidency: . to this bill. No one was constrained by force of public opinion to The material interests of this country, the traditions of its settlement, and the disregard his honest convictions. Each citizen could vote his senti sentiment of our people have led the GOvernment to offer the widest hospitality to ments without restraint, for the ballot was secret. They did not vote immigrants who seek our shores for new and happier homes, willing to share the viva voce. The judgment of that people, expresserl as indicated, was burdens as well as the benefits of our society, and intendinf: that tlieir posterity that the presence of these immigrants in its influence was at war with ~~ag~chfu!s~to~~s~~~~~~~ ~:ial:e~b'!ton~~~orih~ h:alie~:~r~:~h~1 the well-being of the people of this country, and that it is an infl.u- migration, either in its purposes or its results. It is too much llke an import.'l>tion tt- 1882. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 2131 be welcomed without restriction; too much like an invasion to be looked upon our system of Christianity, whose manners, customs,· beliefs, and without solicitude. We cannot consent to allow any form of ervile labor to be introduced amoug us under the guise of immigration. Recognizing the gravity of practices war against our system of government, tending as they do this ubject the present administration, supported by Congt·e , haS sent to China to taint and corrupt the supports which uphold that Government . a, commission of distinguished citizens for the purpose of securing such a. modifi. That these people do not assimilate is certain; that they could not is cation of the existing tre.aty as will prevent the evils likely t{) arise from the :r.res equally clear to my mind. My honored colleague says our laws for ent ~ituation. It is confidently believed that these diplomatic negotiations will be successful without the loss of commercial intercourse between the two powers, bid it. No, sir; they cannot assimilate with u , not because of any which promises a great increase of reciprocal trade and the enlargement of our law traced upon our statute-book, but because of a law traced by markets. the finger of the Deity, ala w which this House cannot repeal nor pro And he also said, and here we have his jud~ment as to whether vide against. Why, sir, in thirty years among us, there is not an Chinese immigration is an evil or not, whether 1ts influences are evil approach to asssimilation. What of your statutes T Could your wn~: · statutes prevent assimilation with the Irish people, with the Scotch Should these efforts fail it will be the duty of Con~ess to mitigate the evils people, with the French, with the English, with the Germans, with already felt and prevent their increa e by such restrictions as without violence or the Poles, with the Scandinavians! No, sir; you could not. Even injustice will place upon a sure foundation the peace of our communities and the though yon forbid jt by law, and even though you put shackles upon freedom and dignity of labor. their limbs, still would they not only be with us but of us. We Now my friend says that James A. Garfield dodged the vote upon are the children of their loins ; we are their brethren ; they are of this question. I shall refer to that further along. But, voicing the our civilization, of our Christianity, nay, they are bone of our bone sentiment of fifty millions of people, he expressed the opjnion that and flesh of our fie h, and assimilation would take place in spite of it was the duty of this Congress to provide for mitjgating and doing any law upon our statute-book, for it is in the order and fitness of away with this evil influence. Su.ch was his judgment, and such is things. the deliberate judgment expressed in conventions and by votes at HEALTHFUL COOLY ASSIMlLATION OUT OF THE QUESTION. the polls of the people of this country. But the testimony in regard to the Chinese is that they do not BILL CONSISTANT WITH PRACTICAL PBIL.U.TEIOOPY AND CHBISTIA1\'ITY. assimilate with us because it is not in their nature. They have those We are told by certain gentlemen upon this floor, gentlemen who peculiar properties and characteristics intensified by being trans a sume to be the sons of Levi and to be priests unto us to guide us mitted through forty cei.lturies, fmm father to son and from mother in the way of truth and righteousness-we are told by them that the to her offspring, which render assimilation impossible. These pecu provisions of this bill are against the spirit of our free institutions ; liarities are largely the re nlt of the Chinese ob erving the maxims that they are at war with true philanthropy; that they are a.t war of Confucius, to walk in trodden paths, until their very natures, with the spirit of the age; that they are a.t war with our Christian their instincts, and all their feelings are as widely different from our civilization. Is that soY I want to say to this House that never own as it is possible to conceive of, and so widely and radically dif down to this hour have I been prompted to lift my voice or cast my ferent as to render healthful assimilation out of the question. There vot.e for any measure that would deny to any human being the rights might be degrading amalgamation, but no elevating and ennobling and privileges and immunities befor6 the law which I claim for my assimilation. A..ud so far as the statute is concerned, you might a self and for my children. And yet I give my heart and my vote to well hope to compel by law the assimilation of oil and water. We this measure, believing as I do that it is in the cause of true philan all know as a matter of fact and of logic and philosophy that we thropy, that it is in the cause and interest of free institutions, that cannot combine and unite with a lower race of people without lower it is in the interest of a practical Cluistianity, though possibly not ing the average of our own social, physical, and moral being. Is consonant with that impractical Chritianity which looks to the end there any douut about that' Not the slightest; it is not in logic unt does not consider wisely of the means to that end. It may not that there can be any doubt auout it. We find it impo sible to lift be consonant with the ideas of those Christians who would build them wholly up to us, strjpping them of those qualities of mind and altars, uut would not protect them nor the votaries who worship. morals which are baleful. We must, if we meet at all, find that point It is consonant with that Christianity which is practical in its pnr of meeting somewhere between the level of our own conditjon and po e and means, and which would not permit its advocates to stand that of theirs. idly by while the civil institutions which must be its shield a,nd The object, the purpose of this bill is not to limit-the field of phi protection are overthrown by having the sources of their strength lanthropic labor, but to maintain a basis from which to labor and to and excellence corrupted and destroyed. protect the fruits of such labor to our country and to our children. There is such a thing as impractjcal Christianity, or rather, imprac The practical Christian will not :find his opportunities to do good ticable Christians; men who deal with ideal rather than existing abridged by this uill, but he will feel that the results of his efforts conditions. Doubtless it is our mission on earth to make free and to are prot-ected and his means of usefulness increased. civilize and Christianize the world. But I hope we will not commit :My honorable friend may say that these people thrive in our midst suicide in the attempt. I hope it may not be written on the tomb of by their industry. this Republic, "Here rests a brave and generous people who lost their Mr. CANDLER. Will the gentleman allow me to answer his own liberties in attempting to give freedom to all the world." question T THE HOU.AL, SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL WELL-BEING OF OUR OWN PROPLE TO BE Mr. BUTTERWORTH. No; for you would be sure to make a FIRST CONSIDERED. ~00~ . As a question of abstraot right may we restrict this immigration f Mr. CANDLER. I will not; I will only answer your question. Why sir, we may if we please quarantine against leprosy. We may Mr. BUTTERWORTH. I have no objection to that. stop the leper at our shore and send him from whence he came. Is it Mr. CANDLER. You said substantially that we could not have possible that the leprosy which whitens the skin may be guardeil relations with a race below us without sinking down to its standard. again t and that which is worse, the leprosy of the heart, may not be The whole history of Christian civilization is that we lift up the turned away from us f Better a thousand immigrants whose skins downtrodden and ignorant and elevate the barbarian to our standard. are white as Jtfiriam's with leprosy, than one hundred whose moral Mr. BUTTERWORTH. That does not disprove my proposition·, or natures are rotted with disease. show that my statement is jncorrect. The question here is aB to giving I agree with my honorable colleague from Ohio, [Mr. TAYLOR,] or Christianity an opportunity to assert itself in accomplishing what rather let me say I know as little as he does what part of God's great my friend suggests. The history of the world proves no such thing ocean these people may of right sail upon. I do not know or affect as the gentleman asserts, in practical results. The history of the to know. .But I think, in defense of ourselves, we may safely insist world does prove that when you combine one race elevated, enlight that wherever the Chinaman sails he must sail in his own boat, par ened, and refined, with another which is de~ra-ded and depraved, the ticularly if there is not room enough in ours to admit him with safety general avera~e, as to morals, manners, soCial and moral qualities in to our own people. the new combmation, is below the average of the superior race which We are cited to the fact that it was said upon the mount: "Of one forms a factor of the combinatjon of the two races, and that there blood hath He created all the nations of the earth." So it is; and fore a combination or amalgamation of such elements is not a desir it is said as well: "and He fixed the bounds of their habitations." able means of building up the cause of Christianity. Anil I beg to insist, at least, that we shall observe the bounds fixed PROTRCTION AGAINST CONTACT AND COMPETITIOX WITH SERVILE L.ADOR. for the habitatjons of those people, so far as our own well-being But the purpose sought by this bill is not to degra-de any one; it requires it. is to protect our own people from the influence and contact of serv It is said that in advocating this bill we war against Christianity. ile labor; fi:om contact of men without ambition, without an end I admit that we seem at least to deny to those people the rights and or aim beyond securing sufficient means to live after the manner of privileges which we claim for ourselves and children. Have we a their ancestors in China. Wholly lacking in the elements which right to do so if our own proper protection requires itt It is an im are characteristic of our own people; and of a purer and more en portant question. It is important to ourselves and important to our nobling system of civilization, and association with whom is calcu children that this be rightly decided. And, speaking upon a ques lated to degrade those of our race. tion of such importance, I sometimes feel as if I would desire to have And not only do we seek to prevent that association, but beyond it whispered in my ear, as it was in the ear of one of old: "And I will that, as my honorable friend from California [Mr. PAGE] has said, be with thee, and with thy mouth, and teauh thee what thou shalt we seek to prevent our own free, independent laborers from being say." brought into competition with servile labor. And it is known of all CHINESE WU.L NOT AND CANNOT ASSIMILATE WITH US. men tha,t this has been the mission of the Republican party on the I oppt>se the imm]gration of a class who e presence is inimioal to earth-to dignify labor and to ennoble and elevate the lalilorer. ihehealthfulgrowthof our institutions, whose presence wars against Whether it has been any part of the mission of another great party, 2132 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARCH 21, possibly we need not inquire too zealously. The record of that other I oppose the immigration of these Chinese not more on account of party is made up. I need not stop now to search it. It is said that the influence of their labor than for the moral degradation which this bill is in the special interest of the Irish people of San Francisco does and the political degradation which may attend it. Why may and of the Pacific coast. So be it, if you will. It is said that it is in we not feel concerned touching the social and moral influences the interest of the German laborer of that coast. So be it, if you exerted by contact with this servile~ corrupt people Y Let me ask, will. I insist that it is in the interest of the free and independent as pertinent to that question, another. What was the hope and laborers of this country everywhere, and I am not disturbed if ita expectation of our fathers in regard to the Republic and its free insti provisions shall especially bless that class of our yeomanry who have tutions f Did they cherish the hope and belief that we would find our contributed so largely to the material, the moral, and the intellectual security in our material prosperity, our wealth and power Y Not at growth of our country as the classes mentioned have done. aU. If they bore witness certainly to any cherished hope or convic DEMOCRATIC PARTY ON COMPETITION OF FREE WITH SERVILE LABOR. tion, it was that their sons would rightly apprehend the true sources Now, so far as our Democratic brethren are concerned, they are of strength to maintain our free institutions. under no obligation, by reason of their creed or practice in regard CAN MATERIAL PROSPERITY TAKE THE PLACE OF INTELLIGENCE AND VIRTUE 7 to labor, to vote for this bill. And I will say to our Irish friends, They assured us that our liberties would find their best defense who form the bone and sinew of that party, and are by its leaders and surest protection in the purity of the hearts of the people, in regarded as their voting machinery, so to speak, that I am not aw.Ye their virtue and intelligence. Sir, can it· be doubted that tills that they are under any special obligations to the Democratic party Republic will find greater security in a pure heart than a strong arm 7 for this somewhat spasmodic effort to relieve them from the influence Will gold and material prosperity take the place of virtue and intel of servile labor. It is within the memory of even our boys here that ligence amon~ our citizens T Certainly not. I am opposed to the that party was quite satisfied to have the Irish, the German, the introduction m our midst of any influence which tends to debase Scandinavian laborer work in the fields of Kansas side by side, and man's moral nature, since in the purity and the ennobling of that in the furrows of her soil, with wretches brought from the shambles, nature my country finds its surest protection against the corruption and upon whose limbs were shackles and manacles. The whole voice which debases and the debasement which is the swift harbinger of :tnd vote of that party was to have it so. I am glad that they have ruin. Hence my protest through this bill against taking into our come to realize the importance of freeing the laborers of this country political and social or~anism incongruous elements, in the vain hope from contact with servile labor. thatwemayChristiamzeand a-ssimilate them. · Wearehavingtrouble REPUBLICAN pARTY ON PROTECTION FROM CONTACT AND COMPETITION WITH SERVILE enough with the baleful influences with which we have to deal at LABOR. this time; is it wise to complicate the problem by the introduction Another thing, the Republican party, as I have said, are bound to of a still more troublesome factor f carry out the spirit at least of the provisions of this bill, :tnd to pro ERADICATE THE EVIL WHILE IT IS PRACTICABLE TO DO SO. tect our own people from the degrading influences of servile labor But some of my friends here a-ssert that there are only 100,000 of and also to remove from them the unjust and degrading competition these Chinese and we need not feel concerned; even if it be true which that labor produCJS· Nay, Mr. Speaker, we of the Republi that their influence is what we describe it to be, yet 100,000 is com can party are not only in favor of protecting American laborers from paratively a few. Strange argument j that because the disease has the unjust competition of Chinese labor in California, but we favor not permeated our whole system with its withering and blighting affording that protection, whether the servile or pauper laborer effect we shall not attempt to cure it! In other words, because we works in California or in Cuba, or elsewhere on the earth. So far as can at this time successfully eradicate the evil we shall not do so! competition with such labor is concerned it is a matter of no conse The converse of the proposition is, that when we cannot deal with quence to the laborersofthiscountrywhether the articles produced it, when it is too mighty, when itscorruptandcorruptinginfiuences by such labor be put upon our markets from shops in California or have permeated our whole system, then we may deal With it; deal Canada or Cuba, the effect being the same in the absence of protec with it when it is too late, instead of dealing with it while we can. tive legislation and in the presence and under the influence of dem [Here the hammer fell.] ocratic free trade. Mr. McKINLEY. I ask unanimous consent that the time of my MORE DEMOCRATIC DOCTRINE ON COMPETITION WITH SERVILE AND PAUPER LABOR. colleague [Mr. BUTTERWORTH] be extended. Our Democratic brethren differ from us in this: if the competition is Mr. PAGE. Until he finishes his speech. removed from the shops in San Francisco to shops in Canada they are :Mr. TOWNSHEND, of Illinois. I would have no objection to quite content, although the effect on ~he interest of the la~orer here is extending the time of the gentleman, but I understand that some gen precisely the same. In fact, the freight from Canada bemg less than tlemen who registered their names early on the list at the Speaker's from the Pacific coast, the competition in the (;anada shops would desk have been displaced in favor of members of the committee who be more destructive than if it was confined to the shops on the Pa at first had no intention to make speeches. As politica1 di cussion cific coast. Suppose millions of Chinese should locate along your Can has been bronght into this question by gentlemen on the other side, ada border and in the neighboring island of Cuba and the islands adj a while it has been refrained from on the Democratic side, I must in cent, and open their shops there, manufacture their cigars and their justice to this side of the House (if a vote is to be taken to-morrow shoes. &c., living on rice and turning out the product of their shops at three o'clock) object to any extension of time on the other side until cheaply and flooding our markets with so-called cheap goods, and we have had a fair opportunity to meet these insinuations and false thus empty our own factories and force our mechanics into idleness, imputations upon the Democratic side. thus taking the bread out of the mouths of our own laborers and Mr. PAGE. Let me say to my friend from illinois [Mr. ToWN their children, what would our Democratic friends say to that kind SHEND] that the previous question will not be called until both sides of competition T It is not in their creed or their practice to protect of the House are satisfied; until gentlemen on both sides have had the American laborer from that kind of competition. They protect a fair opportunity to speak in their own time. him only when his competitor works within the domain of our Mr. TOWNSHEND, of Illinois. With that understanding I have Republic. We protect the American laborer when he is brought in no objection to extending the time of the gentleman from Ohio. unjust competition with degraded, servile, or pauper labor, wherever Mr. BROWNE. I do not intend to object, but as discussion has on the earth it may be, whether in San Francisco, Montreal, Cuba, been so far largely on the part of those who are in favor ofthe passage Quebec, or Canton. And this marks the distinction in this behalf of this bill, it will be on condition that the same time shall be accorded between the two great political parties. to those who are opposed to the bill in the event they shall desire it. FREE AND SERVILE LABOR INCOMPATIBLE. Mr. PAGE. If any gentleman opposed to the passage of any bill It has been said on this floor that if these men were clothed with wishes to have his time extended for the discussion of this question the ballot there would be no voice lifted against them. That is a I hope the House will give him all the time he wants. great, a grievous mistake. For one I should lift my voice very Mr. BUTTERWORTH. I have only a word more to say beyond promptly against them. The necessity for their removal and for the what I have already said. removal of their contaminating influences would be greater then than The SPEAKER. The gentleman's time ha-s been extended by unan now by all odds. I can readily guess what ticket they would vote imous consent, and he will proceed. if they were clothed with the ballot. [Laughter.] I should advo BILL DBFENSffiLE AS A MEANS FOR PROTECTING OUR MORAL, SOCIAL, AND POLITI cate with great earnestness their removal to prevent that political CAL ORG.Al.lSMS FROM CORRUPTION AND DECAY. degradation and couuption which would jeopardize the security of Mr. BUTTERWORTH. Mr. Speaker, and I want but a few min our institutions. I am told by my honorable friend upon the right utes and then I will yield the floor, and it is with a view to direct [Mr. TAYLOR] that these men in our midst grow fat: So does the the attention of the House and the country to the special reason which parasitical mistletoe grow fat; but it saps and kills the source of its prompts me to support this bill. It is that I desire to remove far from fatness. us all the influences that would tend to corrupt the source of politi I am told that these people are industrious. So are the locusts in cal power in this Republic, which is the people; from the people it dustrious. They leave your fields a waste ; the others leave in their springs, and when that source of power is corrupted the Government trail a moral desert which is more dangerous to the well-being of itself becomes corrupt. I say here, sir, that every influence, from this people. I am told that we should be reconciled to the immigra whatsoever quarter it may come, howeverit may assert itself, which tion of these people, because they contribute to our material pros tends to corrupt, to degrade, to demoralize the well-spring of gov perity, our material wealth. I doubt not they do. We are pointed ernmental power in this country tends to the destruction of our free to the fact that they build railroads and reclaim waste lands. Be it institutions, and he is no friend of freedom and its cause who hesi so. How long since our people were convinced that this Republic tates in using every means which his conscience and intelligence ap rests upon golden pillars and finds its security in the strength therein T proves to abate such influences. I cannot be wrong about this. 1882. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 2133 How constantly gentlemen recur to the matter of our material 'l'he sentiments then expressed are consonant with those contained prosperity, which they say.is universal, and to which ~hese pe is an awkward position. If they are what he de cribed them to be, the vast amphitheater of his native land. They were orought here they are a desirable people to be among us ; if not, they are not. and settled in the inhospitable region of New England. They were But he deplores their presence, and that for a reason, and that rea found unsuited to that cold and intemperate climate, and that same son is the degrading influence it exerts on our people, and further philanthropy, ~uided by that overruling ProvidPnce "which sha-pes because he knows that presence tends to corrupt the fountain from our ends, rongn-hew them how we will," transplanted them to the whence flows all power and authority in this nation, the people; and slumbering savannahs of the flower-scented South. There they took anything which tends to that I am entirely and unalterably oppo eel root and grew and flourished and waxed strong under that patri to. archal institution which I am now about to bear for the first time LET THE SOURCES OF OUR STRllNGTH BE KEPT PURE. recognized in its large and intelligent beneficence and philanthropy. I have detained the House longer than I intended. I have only In contact with the Caucasian race, those slave , at t.he expiration further to say I am willing for one as an advocate of this bill to sup of a century from the time they were fir t brought here, all at once, port such amendments as will keep it in perfect ha.rmony with the as Minerva sprung from the thigh of Jove, armed cap-a-pie to con letter and spirit of the treaty. I feel that a reduction of the term tend with tho animals of the forest and to proclaim her triumph to fifteen years would do that. But I would not go beyond that. so this people, ignorant, uneducated, uneducable as it was thought, For, as I said, this young Republic is tho last nation on earth that unreligious as it was thought, far more pagan than the Chinese, at should appear before the world as having disregarded the slightest the expiration of one century, when the manacles were stricken from of her obligations. To this hour she ha not blurred her escutcheon their limbs by the prochmation of Mr. Lincoln and the results of the in the sligtest by violating a single obligation she has taken upon war, they sprung at once into the arena flaming with the intelligence her, nor would I have her do it now. But I would have her rid our of the nineteenth century. They have occupied your pulpits and people of a pest, that the sources of our strength, OUI' happiness, our your school-houses aud your halls of legislation, and have even been prosperity, may be kept nnpolluted and secure. [Applause.] represented by a distinguished Senator in the other end of the Capi I thank the House for its indulgence. tol, while a full-fledged African spoke in the very citadel of liberty Mr. HOOKER. Mr. Speaker, I had not expected to speak in ref at Boston to the descendents of the men who fought at Bunker Hill. erence to this bill until I had examined the treaties we had formed I am not afraid, therefore, when I see the results upon the colored with the Chinese, and the provisions of this !Jill. I feel greatly in people, when I see the intelligence they have attained, when I see clined to go with the gentlemen from the Pacific coaAt, representing their religious feelings, (for they are an eminently religious people,) the States linlng the Pacific coast, on this question, because it is a when I see the wisdom and prudence which they manifested during question, Mr. Speaker, in which they and their interests are pecu the war of the rebellion, as you term it, and which they have mani liarly involved. And it is with great reluctance, and indeed with fested since-I am not afraid, are you, gentlemen, that your civiliza diffidence in regard to my own judgment, that I oppose what they tion and your power to plant the cross of Christ and the principles seem to regard as essential to the welfare of the States on our Pacific of liberty shall find in the oldest nation of the world a people in coast. capable of appreciating them T Some years ago I voted for a bill which proposed to regulate and I have said that I want to observe the treaties with these people. restrict Chinese immigration, while a member of this House, and I I have said that they have exhibited most wonderful patience. It am willing now to vote for a bill which shall clothe our Government is within the memory, no doubt, of my distinguished friend ft·om by the power of its legislation with a right to limit and to regulate California, [Mr. PAGE,] to whom I give all credit for the earnest Chinese immigration if we shall think it necessary. But I am op ness and zeal and the patriotism by which I have no doubt he is posed, Mr. Speaker, upon principle, to violating any treaty obliga influenced-but it is within his memory, no doubt, that when this tion into which we enter with any people. I have stood, sir, upon Chinese wall bad been broken down in China and Japan, when the this floor since it has been my fortune to be a member of Congress, ports of that country had been opened to our commerce and ours had and have persistently insisted that the treaty obligations of the been opened to theirs-it is no doubt within his memory that when Government of the United States with the aboriginal tribes that in Mr. Burlingame, who with Mr. Seward negotiated the treaty of 1 68, habited this territory before our ancestors came here should be ful returned to the shores of the Pacific coast a.nd landed in the gn1at filled in good faith according to the terms of the treaty. And I am city of San Francisco, upon that beautiful bay where the evening unwilling to see any measure of legislation adopted in this country sun throws its light in magnificent splendor upon the Golden Gate which shall be adopted in viola,tion of the spirit and the letter of a of California, no ovation was ever paid to any man in American his solemn treaty obligation you have made with these people. I shall tory greater than that which California paid to Ml.', Burlingame. therefore, when the proper time comes, move to limit this suspension Yon had by that treaty opened up relations, commercial relation , of Chinese immigration to ten years instead of the twenty years with the oldest nation on the globe. Yon had secured to your min proposed in this bill. And I shall propose th..'tt because I believe isters of the Go pel, bearing the banner ofChri t in their hands, the that in the next decade we will be able to learn how far it is the right to plant it everywhere in China, and you had given to the interest of this country and the duty of tbi country to prevent this Chinaman_the same rights here. The nation looked upon it a a con immigration. summation of diplomatic skill and power which had never before I do not belong to the class of gentlemen represented by my friend been manifested by any people. from Ohio, [Mr. BU'ITERWORTH,] who have lost faith in the power of Shall we turn around now when we have thus opened to the com our country to extend its civilization, its laws, its morals, its high merce of America, the civilization of America, and the religion ot sense ofdutyeverywhere. We havehad,Mr. Speaker, a very solemn our people, this great empire of the East; shall we now turn around test of the power of American civilization. You tell me that the and build up a high Chinese wall on the California coast, and say Chinamen who come here are ignorant and steeped in vice, incur to these people, as did the inhabitants of Kansas and Topeka when able, not to be reached even by the great Gospel dispensation of the the negroes went in there from the South too numerous for their common Master of the whole human race. I do not believe it. I peace-are we to ay as th~y did: "We want no more paupers here t" I am not prepared, and I hope this House is not prepared, to say that Is that what you are going to say to China T Is that your idea on that Mongolian nationality which embraces in China four hundred the subjec.t T Is that your notion about itt Discussing this bill as and thirty-fourmillionsofthe human race, and in Japan thirty-nine we are, almost within hearing of the great minister from that empire, _millions of the human race, I am not prepared to say, as an American the oldest in the world, shall we turn these people back f Shall we citizen and as a Cone;ressman in the United States Congress, that in the emphatic language of Mr. Morton, that leader of the Republi the power of civilizatiOn and religion cannot reach these people. can party, that man of wonderful power and mi~ht, who ruled the Why, sir, what have yon been doingf In the century of your na party in the Senate and controlled and ma-sterea. it in the country; tional existence which yon have just pa-ssed, from the primary treaty when he went to California to investigate this great question, and which youmadewit.h these people down totheverylasttreatywhich r~tUI'Iled and madt) his report to the Senate, he said, "Are you going they made with you, witnessing on theirpart the most singular mod ro take a step a century backward t Are yon going to adopt in Amel' eration ever shown by any nation in treating with another; in the ica the very principle which in all the light of your civilization you whole history of your national existence for a century, you have been have labored to break down in Chinat" That was the argument tryino· to break down what you call the Chinese walls, within which that be addressed to the Senate in the memorable report which he they ~ve excluded themselves from the rest of mankind. And just, made. I say it would be going uack upon the history of this country Mr. Speaker, as you have accomplished this, just as you have opened to undertake now to declare that we will exclude these people. Ex the ports of China to your trade, just a,s you have opened he ports clude them if you will, but do not do it upon a false ground. of Japan to your trade just as yon have sent your missionaries bear Wlul.t is the evidence as to what these people are t Sir, their civil ing the olive-branchot1 peace and good will to all mankind, you pro ization, their magnificent position in arts, in science, in politics, in pose now to adopt the very policy which for a century yon have everything that makes a nation great, had been attained by them attempted by your diplomacy to break down in China and Japan. hundreds of years before your nationality ever had an existence. Wonderful history "fa wonderful people! Now, should we turn our backs against the oldest people in the world I say, sir, I do not believe in restTicting the power of American beca u e they are yellow-skiuned and almond-eyed t I thou~ht we had civilization to plant its standard like the cross of Christ wherever the a civilization like our religion, th~t found no limit save tnat which human race exists, of whatever color and of whatever language. the grand charity and noble dispensation of the Master of the Univer e [Applause.] I have said that we have had a severe test of this; and gave it; that, like the sunshine and the air, it went wherever the we have had it, sir, with reference to these people whom we have human racewentandplanted the cross by the side of the human foot with us here. :More than a century ago they came speaking in the step, whether in a savage or a civilized land. [Applau e.] unmeaning gibberish of the Guinea negro. They were brought here :Mr. Speaker, we must respect our treaty obligations with this peo by the agency of northern people. They were taken from the wild ple. Here are treaties which they never asked us to make, but which jungles of Africa, where the camelopard and the tiger bounded in we a ked them to make-begged and implored them to make. They 1882. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 2135 Bever wanted Chinamen to come to this country. They never de 1\Ir. PAGE. Thatlawwaspassedrecently. Thatalwayshasbeen sired that the Chinese should emigrate. They never sought treaty the custom in the city of San Francisco. relations with us, but we sought treaty relations with them. We Mr. HOOKER. It is not confined to the city of San Francisco. sought them against a prejudice which at one time we thought we Now, these Chinese have proved most obedient residents in our midst. should never be able to overcome, because it had existed among that You exclude them by your legislation. people for centuries, extending back across the ages to the time of 1\Ir. CA.SSID Y. Let me say to the gentleman from Mississippi that .Confucius; and far beyond the time of Confucius the august empire law wa enacted as a protection against the spread of fire from these extends until its origin is lost in the twilight of fable. This people Chinese huts which were huddled together. A fire breaking out in never asked you to make treaties with them. You sought them ; their midst has often been the cause of the destruction of many of you sent your plenipotentiaries; you asked that their ports should be our towns. That was done as a protection against fire. opened. England, aiding you, waged a war. It is a very memorable Mr. HOOKER. It was a new sort of fire insurance company, and fact that almost all Chinamen come to this country from the port of that is all I have to say about it. [Laughter.) Hong-Kong, an English port; and you propose to establish restric What became of your own law which was passed in California, tiolis in violation not only of the treaties you have made with the which now stands on your statute books, and which I have here Chinese, but those you have made with England. before me Y It is as follows : I desire, Mr. Speaker, for my time is brie~ to call attention to the Any officer, director, manager, member, stockholder, clerk, agent, servant, attor language of the treaty. The first section ot this treaty provides: ney, employ6, assignee, or contractor of any corporation now existing or hereafter Whenever in the opinion of the Government of the United States the coming formed under the laws of this State who shall employ in any manner or capacity upon any work or business of such corporation any Chinese or Mongolian is ~ty of Chinese laborers to the United States, or their residence therein, affects or of a misdemeanor, and is punishable by a fine of not less than one hundrea nor threatens to affect the interests of that country, or to endanger the good order of more than one thousand dollars, or by rmprisonment in the county jail of not less the said country, or of any locality within the territory thereof, the Government than fifty nor more than five hundred days, or by both such fine and imprisonment: of China agrees that the Government of the United States may re£11].a.te, limit, or suspend such coming or residence, but may not absolutely prohibit it. Provided, That no director of a corporation shall be deemed guilty under this sec- I say that no people ever treated you with such liberality as the ~en~~t~es~eth~o b~~s:J!J'<'cfu.~~~ployment, and has such dissent recorded in Chinese Government. When you made your first treaty with the Mr. PAGE. Will the ~entleman allow me for one moment Y Chinese in 1858, the Chmese Government assented not only to your Mr. HOOKER. Certamly, to ask me a question. carrying your citizens there, but also your religion. In article 5 Mr. PAGE. That is all I desire. of the Burlingame treaty it is declared- Mr. HOOKER. I do not wish to have a speech injected into mine. The United States of America and the Emperor of China cordially recognize Mr. PAGE. I do not wish to inject a speech into the gentleman's. *he inherent and inalienable right of man to change his home and allegiance, and also Mr. HOOKER. Well, go on. . the mutnal advantage of the free migration and emigration of their citizens and subjects respectively from the one country to the other for the purposes of curiosity, Mr. PAGE. The other day the gentleman from Ohio made an at- of trade, or as a permanentresidence. 'The high contractinJZ parti thereforejorn tack on the p.eople of California because they did not employ these in reprobating any other than an entirely voluntary ~migration for these purposes. Chinese, and now, when the Legislature of California has passed a They consequently agree to pa slaws making it a penal offense fora cita.zenofthe law which since then has been declared unconstitutional, that the United States or Chinese subjects to take Chinese subjects either to the United States or to any other foreign country, or for a Chinese subject or citizen of the people should not employ them; that is, those incorporated under United States to take citizens of the United States to China or to any other foreign the incorporation laws of the State, the gentleman from Mississippi ct>untry without their free and voluntary consent respectively. makes an attack upon the people of California that they are against That waR the stipulation of the Burlingame treaty. Again it is employing them. declareu, in article 4 : 1\fr. HOOKER. Has the supreme court of your State decided that. The twenty-ninth article of the treaty of the 18th of June, 1858, having stipu law to be unconstitutional f lated for the exemption of Christian citizens of the United States and Chinese con Mr. PAGE. It has. verts ti·om persecutions in China on accountoftheir faith, it is further agreed that M:r. HOOKER. Then I am glad to see your judges are more liberal citizens of the United States in China of every religious persuasion, and Chinese subjects in the United States shall enjoy entire liberty of conscience, and shall be than your legislators, and that they are governed by principles of exempt from all disability or persecution on account of their religious faith or justice in this matter. worship in either country. Mr. PAGE. I would not like to say what Legislature passed that. Is there any enlightened American representative here who will Mr. HOOKER. I have only to say that no more patient people say that that was not a treaty of amity and concord which should live anywhere than these Chines.e under the circumstances. They be kept in good faith f The Chinese Government assented to every ha~e assented to everything you proposed. You asked them to open proposition that you made in the Burlingame treaty. Your minister China to your own merchants, and you pmposed to open the United came back after its ratification, receiving the honors of the country. States to the Chinese merchants. They assented to it. You found, And now, after the passage of your bill of 1880, the Chinese Govern after some experience, that it is not profitable. You do not think it meat again treated with you giving you the right to interdict the is to the interest of our people to continue that policy. You wish to immigration into this country of Chinese who were diseased, who were exclude the Chinese. You want to narrow the treaties instead of lepers, who were criminals. In this way, the Burlingame treaty was broadening them. You want, in this enlightented runeteenth cen amended in 1880. In 1881 China agreed to still further amend the tury, to establish the same policy for the United States which China first article of which I have rea-d. had established for so many centuries. They have opened ports of Gentlemen talk about this people not bein~ civilized, not being China to our commerce, and the intelli~ent head of the Bureau of Christianized, about their not keeping good faith. But when unde1· Statistics, in reply to a dispatch I sent him yesterday, has furnished the very terms of the treaty which you had demanded they should me a seriatim account annually of the condition of the trade with make with you there had been imported into this country from sev China from 1848 down to the present time. It is too long and too enty-five thousand to oue hundred thousand of their people, who tedious to read in th-e House, but I will embody it in my remarks and were on the Pacific coast, you approached that government as late have it printed in the RECORD. It is as follows: as 1881 and said, "We want you to agree to a treaty by which the Value of merchandise im,ported into and earported front the United States. United States shall have power by legislation to regulate and even [China, including Hong-Kong.] to suspend this immigration." What did the Chinese Government do f It met your proposition broadly; it conceded the right to reg Exports. ulate and even to suspend but not absolutely to prohibit Chinese YearenOOd Total ex- Total im- immigration. Did ever a people act more liberally toward another June 30:.... ports. Imports. ports and than China has acted toward the Government of the United States Domestic. Foreign. exports. Did ever a people assent to your representations more cordially and more kindly f But now you propose to requite this treatment by saying that you will not give protection even to the Chinese who are 1858 ...... ------$2,783,754 $127,399 $2,911,153 $10, 570, 442 $13, 481, 595 1859 -----·--·----- 3, 707,084 172,885 3, 879,969 10,788,767 14,668,736 here-that you want them to be returned. 1860 ...... ------·- 5, 624,870 159,877 5, 784,747 13,566,087 19,350,834 Mr. PAGE. I never said anything about sending them back. 1861...... ---·---· 4, 186,259 197,690 4, 383,949 11, 351,281 15,735,230 Mr. HOOKER. Well, your laws have said something about it. 1862*------2, 205,163 167,147 2, 372,310 7, 540,048 9, 912,358 1863*- .. - . ------. 2, 897,005 222,556 3, 119,561 11,030,149 14, 149, 710 Let me read from t.hem. It was said by the gentleman from Cali 1864* ------3, 249,448 84,5G6 3, 334,014 10,435,027 13,769,041 fornia in the course of his speech that these Chinese congregated 1865. --· ------2, 631,825 37,624 2, 669,449 5, 129,917 7, 799,366 about the cities and towns in districts exclusively confined to them 1866 .... ------3, 045,610 99,621 3, 145,231 10,131,142 13,276, 373 selvt:s. Why, sir, this only affords another evidence of the docility 1867 ...... ------3, 550,815 27,993 a, 578, sos 12,112,440 15,691,248 1868 .... -- --- ·-- .. 3, 942,332 37,682 3, 980,014 11,384,999 15,365,013 3D.d teachability of this people. Why did they do that f I read from 1869------·------· 5, 170,884 32,354 5, 203,238 *13, 207, 361 18,410,599 ihe laws of California in reference to this people. 1870 ...... ------3, 051,616 64, 765 3, 116,381 14,565,527 17,681,008 Mr. PAGE. What year f 1871 . ... ------2, 041,836 28,996 2, 070,832 20,064,365 22,135,197 Mr. HOOKER. I think the law was enacted in 1857; at any rate 1872 ...... --- ·-- -· 2, 915,465 21,370 2, 936, 8il5 26,752,835 29,689,670 1873------·. --· 2, 547,085 8,885 2, 555,970 27,191,759 29,747,729 you will find it on page 1545 of the third volume of the Code and 1874 ...... ------2, 078,565 55,096 2, 133,661 18,568, 9-!0 20,702,601 Statutes of California. It reads in this way : 1875.------·-- 3, 55}., 038 15,710 3, 566,748 14,676,416 18,243,164 1876------...... 4, 715,115 14,777 4, 729,892 12,847,633 17,577,525 The board of trustees or other legislative authority of any incorporated city or 1877 .. ______---- bown, and the board of supervisors of any incorporated city or county, are hereby 4, 903,075 34,631 4, 937,706 12,301,684 17.239,390 granted the power, and it is hereby made their duty, to pa s and enforce any ana 1878 ...... ---- ·- 6, 850,931 16,324 6, 867,255 18,120,483 24,987,738 ill acts or ordinances or resolutions necessary to cause the removal without the 1879 . ------. - .. 5, 930,954 11,245 5, 942, 19!l 18,084,694 24,026,893 limits of such cities and towns, or city and county, of any Chinese now within or 1880 ...... ------3, 974,447 4, 328 3, 978,7-75 24,020,707 27,999,482 hereafter to come wit.hin such limits: Prcnrided, That they may set a]Jart certain 1881...... ---- 8, 361,-949 2, 585 8, 364,534 24,717, ~57 33,082,091 wescribed portions of the limits of such cities, or towns, or city and county, for •e looa.tion therein of such Chinese. *.Also including Singapore for 1869. 2136 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-ROUSE. MARCH 21, ValU6 of gold and sUver coin and bullion imported into and ex-ported frorn That was the ar~ument of China, made against your earnest pm the United States. test, when youdesued to open her ports and commerce and schools [China, including Hong-Kong.t) to your missionaries and your trade. Further he says : The limitation of the right to become naturalized to white persons was placed Exports. in the law when slavery was a. controlling influence in our Government ; wa Year ended Total ex- Total im- maintained by the power of that institution, and is now retained by the lingering June30- ports. Imports. ports and prejudices growin~ out of it. After having abolished slavery, and by amend Domestic. Foreign. exports. ments to our Constitution, and the enactment of various statutes establishing the equal, civil, and political rights of all men, without regard to race or color, and at a time when we are endeavoring to overcome the preJudices of education and of race, and to secure to colored men the equal enjoyment of theirri&hts, it would be 1858 •••.•..••••... $223,994 $2,562,204 $2,786,198 $94 $2,786,292 inconsistent and unsound policy to renew and reasse1t the prejudiCes against race 1859 -- --·------·· 525,932 2, 721,298 3, 247,230 2, 614 3, 249,844 and another form of civilization by excluding the copper-colored peop1e of Asia. 1860------·----- 1, 545,914 1, 575,457 3, 121,371 500 3,121, 871 from our shores. It would be again to recognize the disti:actions of race and to 1861 •.••.•...... 1, 623,465 910,013 2, 533,478 438 2, 533,916 ootablish a new governmental policy upon the basis of color and a different form 2, 1, 126,585 3, 249,928 6, 783 3, 256,711 1862* ----·- 0---0 0° 123,343 of civilization and religion. 1863* ------2, 295,079 941,095 3, 236,174 4, 766 3, 240,940 1864* 0------0 00 4, 492,550 956,502 5, 449,052 974 5, 450,026 Further on he says, and, mark you, this was the report of your 1865 ••• . •.....• . •. 3, 871,073 564,913 4, 435,986 726 4, 436,712 own committee sent, to California to ascertain facts, and to proclain1 1866 •. . ...•... •... 5, 586,478 1, 418,115 7, 004, 593 1, 541 7, 006,134 them to the people of the United States: 1867------5, 237,330 951,478 6, 188,808 ---·------6,188, 808 1868 ------·--· 5, 579,454 2, 132,022 7, 711,476 25 7, 711,501 As a rule, they are industrious, temperate, and honest in their dealings. Some 1869------5, 087,294 2, 085,200 7, 172,494 1, 760 7, 174,254 thousands of them are employed as household servants in the cities and in the 1870 ------·-·· · · 3, 369,547 2, 554,138 5, 923,685 62,960 5, 986,645 country. In this capacity the testimony generally concurs in giving them a high 1871 ..••...... 1, 878,380 1, 693,267 3, 571,647 1, 950 3, 573,597 ch.'U'acter. 1872 • ••••...•..... 4, 799,470 1, 199,865 5, 999,335 700 6, 000,035 I have a table which shows that of the Chinamen in San Franci co 1873 · · ·•······ .... 4, 789, 608 2, 364,941 7, 154,549 181 7,154, 730 there are 6,000 employed as domestic servants. 1874 .••••... ------6, 621,400 2, 759,641 9, 381,041 39,772 9, 420,813 1875 ..••...... 5, 210,966 1, 392,403 6, 603,369 6, 840 6, 610,209 They very readily learn to perform all kinds of household duty, are devoted to 1876 ·------·----- 5, 842,947 2, 086,642 7, 929,589 6, 908 7, 936,497 their employment, and soon become exceedingly skillful. The testimony proved 1877 ------········ 12,255,259 3, 175,606 15,430,865 10,952 15,441,817 that they went to all parts of the State to serve in that capacity, when other serv 1878 ------········ 13,200,925 3, 011,650 16,212,575 7, 559 16,220,134 ants or helv of that kind could not be obtained from the cities, aud that if they 1879 ··•·•·•··••••· 4, 413,618 3, 017,744 7, 431, 362 134,635 7, 565,997 were banished it would be very hard, in fact, as many of the witnesses said, im 1880 ••• • •• ••.• • ••. 4, 282,381 2, 230,442 6, 512,823 90,991 6, 603,814 possible to supply their places. A.s laborers upon the farms and in the gardens 1881 • ...... •...... 1, 367,034 2, 111,568 3,478, 602 41,179 3, 519,781 and vineyards, nearly all of the witnesses speak of them in the highest terms. Colonel Hollister, one of the largest farmers in California, and a man of great in te~ence, testified that without the Chinese the wheat and other crops :in Call *Includes Japan. forma. could not be harvested and taken to market; that white labor could not be obtained for :prices that would enable the farmer to carry on his business; th.. is tho argument of that community, I say we cannot go back upon our own history my friends from California-took the means of obtaining a support we cannot violate the treaties we have made 'vith that power which from the white people, inquiry failed to show that there were any has to-day its minister in Washington representing 430,000,000 of the considerable number of white people in California out of employment, human race. . except those who were willfully idle; that there was work and re Mr. PAGE. If the gentleman knows anything ofthe state of a:ffau·s munerative work for all who chose to perform it. now existing on the Pacific coa£t, does be believe there is any nece - That is the testimony given by these enlightened American state - ity of restricting this immigration at allY Does he intend to vote men, with~ut any personal interest in the question, who went there for any bill at all restricting this immigration f and took the testimony of all of every grade anu cla in California. Mr. HOOKER. I am going to amend your bill to make it prac In this report is quoted the testimony of others, Army officers and ticable, to prevent it from being vetoed, as it must be if passed in it residents there, and thev all concur in testifying that the Chine e present shape. are sober, temperate, an'd exemplary laborers. It is true that the Mr. PAGE. Does the 15entleman speak by authority on that point! Chinaman has the misfortune to have a yellow skin and almond Mr. HOOKER. No, srr; only from myknowledgethattheExecn shaped eyes. It was the ~ortun~ of the colore?- I?.an ~hat he had tive will feel bound to carry out our treaties after we have made a black skin. But even With that nnsfortune our mvilization reached them. I have no personal information on the subject at all. him, and he is now a full-fledged American citizen, with the ballot Mr. PAGE. Does the gentleman believe that there is any necel:! in his hand, and with all the powers, duties, and responsibilitieR of sity for restricting at all Chinese immigration of the class referred an intelligent American freeman. Now do you not think that if we tot cocl.d produce these results on the African we might try our influence Mr. HOOKER. I will answer the gentleman. I listen with great on the Chinaman, particularly as they are a people always dis respect to the representations of the gentleman and his colleague tinguished for their intelligence f This report is full of testimony from the Pacific coast in reference to this subject. They tell me to tbat effect. that there is such necessity, and I am inclined to believ~ they are Yet, just at this time when all civilized nations are raising their better informed than I am. I am disposed to yield to their views hands in horror at the atrocities inflicted upon an ancient race, when upon this question so far as possible. But if the gentleman wants the news is flashed across the cable of the ocean and intelligence is my opinion as to whether California has been injured by the incom brought us that the oldest people we know of, the Jews. are being ing of the Chinese, I refer him to the report of the late Senator Mor scourged and abused, villified and maltreated by the power of Rus ton, in which reference is made to the great public works that have sia; and every city in your country has opened its doors, every ham been carried on by Chinese labor-the Tule lands, which have been let and hovel even has welcomed these descendants of ancient Israel thus reclaimed and fitted for the occupation and labor of the white to American freedom and American liberty-do you not think it is a people, as they never would have been if the Chinese had not come bad time to turn against one-third of the human race, and say that to this country. That is the testimony of Mr. Morton, the chair they cannot be embraced either in the plan of salvation or within the man of the committee who went to California to examine this ques civilization, refinement, and religious culture that belongs to the tion. I take it for granted that he did examine it thoroughly; I Caucasian race t . take it for granted that he reported truthfully the condition of The evidence with regard to these people is that there are now but affairs. 105,000 of them in this country, according to the last census. And Mr. PAGE. Does not the gentleman know that the Morton report according to the same census there are from 50,000,000 to 55,000,000 was a minority report, claiming to give only the views of Mr. Morton, of the Caucasian race in this country. as against six of his colleagues on the coiDillittee 'f Is there any fear that your civilization will be endangered, that :Mr. HOOKER. Very well. 1\Ir. Morton makes this report; he your religion will be overturned, that your government will be dis gives quotations from the evidence of witnesses sustaining what he turbed by this people! I believe not, sir. It may be said that the says, and unless he has misrepresented the testimony taken before bringing of the Africans to this country caused a great and bloody the committee, then his report is worthy of belief. war eventually. True, it did; but they came out of it freemen. It Mr. PAGE. Does not the gentleman know that what is termed is not the first time in the history of the English-speaking people that the Morton report was never signed by Mr. Morton; that it is made we have gone from words to blows. We are a liberty-loving people, up of papers claimed to have been left by him at the time of his an aggressive people. We have shown this by the treaties we have death, but that the report was never signed by him t compelled China to make, by the earnestness with which we sought Mr. HOOKER. I do not think any one has ever doubted that 1\fr. them. We may be prepared probably for other scenes in which .Anglo Morton wrote this report, whether he signed it or not. ... Saxon shall meet Anglo-Saxon, but out of all this terrible conflict Mr. ORTH. Mr. Morton's authorship of that report is as well there comes still the reco~nition of the fact that we are one people, established as the fact that he lived and died. ruled over by a common uod, dominated by a common America,n and Mr. HOOKER. I hope the gentleman from California is disposed Caucasian civilization. to discuss this question dispassionately. I have not the sligbte t From the earliest periods of English history the English-speaking feeling on the subject. If it were possible consistently with our trea people have asserted their right to freedom of conscience and free ties with Chiua, I should be glad to allow the gentlemen from Cali dom of person. Should we pause now and say that we will not ex fornia and Nevada. and Oregon (much as I think they mistake their tend this principle to one-third of the human race f We have a,gserted interests) to regulate this question to snit their own people. But as this principle from the time when our ancestors were conquered at that is not possible without a violation of om treaty stipulations the battle of Hastings, in 1066. Many an American who differed with the Chinese Government, I stand here to endeavor to perfect with an American, many an Englishman who differed with an Eng this bill and put it in such a shape as shall keep it within the pur lishman, can say now what the beautiful blue-eyed Saxon boy said view of our treaty obligations, so that it shall not turn away from to the Saxon king who was about to deliver him to William of Nor our shores the tide of commerce which is setting toward us from the mandy as a hostage for the pli~hted faith of our Anglo-Saxon ances Asiatic countries, but shall give us all the advantages which the tors. At that time the court ot William of Normandy was the gayest Burlingame treaty was designed to secure for us. That treaty is very in Europe; and the king rather reproached himself for trusting the remarkable. You talk about their being pagans and unchristian. youth as a hostage in that gay court. But the boy fixed his clear Let me read one single clause of their treaty and what they say about eye on his uncle and said to him : "If, my uncle, when I return from the admission of your people. It is article 29, and is as follows: the court ofWilliam of Normandy you shall judge by the cut of my The principles of the Christian religion, as professed by the Protestant and Ro hair or the fashion of my garb that I am Norman, you shall lay your man Catholic churches, are reco!mized as reaching men to do good, and to do to hand upon my heart and feel England beat in every pulse." others as they would have others do to them. Hereafter those who quietly profess and teach these doctrines shall not be harassed or J>ersecuted on account of their The English-speaking people love liberty-liberty of person and faith. Any person, whether citizen of the United States or Cb inese convert, who, liberty of conscience. It was this which animated our ancestors aceording to these tenets, peaceably teach and practice the principles of Chris when they ma-de their Declaration of Rights; which animated the tianity, snail in no case be interfered with or molested. English Parliament when it passed the bill of rights; which ani Is that unchristian 'f .And yet you say in a spirit of contempt they matedour own moreimmediate English-speaking ancestors when in are pagans. Can you doubt of the power of the Word of God being the City of Brotherly Love, in the great Hall of Independence, they manifested the1·e so as to penetrate the hearts and minds of these made that solemn declaration which thundered over the continent, Chinese people Y Do you limit the power of the Christian religion Y which was caught up by the long-swell of the Atlantic and wafted Do you say it c.an go to the African, it can go to the Caucasian, but to the ears of the crowned monarchs of the Old World-the memor to the Mongolian it cannot go and does not belong f Is that what able and solemn declaration that "these colonies are, and of right you say, and are you prepared to shut out these people 7 If so, are ought to be, free and independent States." you not setting a dangerous precedent f Shall we go back upon this history thus canonized in blood f Many uentlemen about me have lived with me in this country at Shall we say that we now hesitate to plant the standaJ.'d of civiliza a time when an effort was made to exclude from our midst the peo tion which we have erected in this country in any country or any ple of another race. It was about the year 1855. It was then said land f Shall it not be rather said to be like the cross of the Redeemer the Irish Catholic was a dangerous element, he who since then has that shall go along with the human race, impoverished or even crim been so much lauded as possessing such marvelous assimilating quali inal as it may be, and shall be planted wherever that race exists¥ ties in favor of our republican institutions. [Laughter.) The cru I know of no power to limit it. While I am unwilling to encumber sade then begun against the Irish Catholicithough successful at first the Pacific coa,gt with a population which our friends from that sec in misleading the people, went down at ast in ruin and disurace. tion do not desire; while they seem to ltave set themselves against It is now no more than a word of reproach. "Know-nothing?, now its existence there in any form in which it can be commingled with is a byword of scorn and contempt. 2138 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARCH 21, Mr. Speaker, it was left for that broad-minded Englishman who thank the House for the great courtesy of its attention. [Great wrote so splendidly the Protestartt history of England to say, when applause.] the Jewish disability act was under discussion in the English Par- Mr. BUCKNER. I shall vote for this bill with no littJ.e pleasure. 1iament, that for ages it had been the custom to call these men cursed I shall vote for it because I believe it is needful to the peace prosper Jews, dogs of Jews, but that the nation which could boast of Isaiah ity, and development of the States of the Pacific coast, and is de among its poet-s and the Maccabees among its generals could not be manded by all classes and conditions of society of that marvelous derided by any English-speaking- people. And when this Know region. I shall vote for it because the progress of American civili nothing party was raised to limtt immigration of Irish Catholics, zation requires it, and because without it our republican institutions which wanted to shut out immiJ5!ants because of their race and reli are needlessly and unnecessarily imperiled. And I shall vote for it gion, this same broad-minded Englishman, in his famous criticism for another reason, not so apparent or so patent to the superficial ob upon Ranke's History of the Popes, used this language, which, for server, but not the less acceptable to every thoughtful American who cogent force and the swelling grandeur of its sentences, cannot be has a just pride in the glory of his country and in transmitting its. surpassed: institutigns unimpaired to the generations that are to succeed us. There is not, and there never was on this earth, a work of human policy so well This bill is a reversal of the action of this Government for the last cteservin~ of examination as the Roman Catholic Church. The history of that thirty years. It consigns to the grave all sublimated sentiment as c burch joms together the two great ages of human civilization. No other ins ti to the equality of the races of men. It performs the last funeral rite t ution is left standing which carries the mind back to the times when the smoke of samifice rose from the Pantheon, and when camelopards and tigers abounded over the dead body of that false and nonsensical dogma of govern in the Flavian amphitheater. The proudest royal houses are but of yesterday mental policy that " all men are created equal." It proclaims that when compared with the line of the Supreme Pontul'. That line we trace back in this Government will not be controlled in its action on O'reat ques an rmbroken series from the Pope who crowned Napoleon in the nineteenth cen tions of public policy by the inspiration of ouremotions,~r legislate t ury to the Pope who crowned Pepin in the eighth, and far beyond the time of Pepin the august dynasty extends, till it is lost in the twilight of fable. TheRe under the influence of mere theoretical abstractions as to the natu public of Venice came next in antiquity. But the R epublic of Venice was modern ra] rights of man. It deals with the practical realities of earth, when compared 'vith the Papa{ly ; and the Republic of Venice is gone and the with men and things a-s we find them now, with great questions of Papacy remains, not in decay, not a mere antique, but full of life and youthful public economy, and of political and social science as they are pre ,;gor. The Cm;holic Church is still sending forth to the farthest ends of the world mis sented to us to-day by the light of experience and of history. It !< ionaries as zealous as those who landed in K ent with Augustin, and still confront seeks to protect and preserve American civilization and American ing hostile kings with the same spirit with which she confronted Attilla. The Christianity against the inroads of Asiatic heathenism and Eastern Humber of her children is greater than in any former age. H er acquisitions in the semi-barbarism, and it teaches our people the great lesson that their New World have more than compensated for what she has lost in the Old.. Her spiritual ascendancy extends over the vast countries which lie between the plains first and highest duty is to those of their own political houaehold, uf the Mis ouri and Cape Horn, countiies which a century hence may not improb and to their own blood and their own race. :• hly contain a population as large as that which now inhabits Europe. The mem More than a generation has passed since that great statesman and hors of her communion are certainly not fewer than a hundred and fifty millions, nud it will be difl:icult to show that all other Christian sects united amount to a wonderfully sagacious man, Stephen A. Douglas, in his memorable h1mdred and twenty millions. Nor do we see any sign which indicates that the contest before the people of Illinois for re-election to the Senate, pro torm of her long dominion is approaching. She saw the commencement of all the claimed the truth that this was a white man's Government, made by g-overnments and of all the ecclesia-stical establishments that now exist in the white men for white men. He succeeded in his election to the Sen world, and we feel no assurance that she is not destined to see the end of them all. She was great and respected before the Saxon had set foot on Britain, before ate, but the patriotic policy of the brilliant statesman and party 1ho Frank han passed the Rhine, when Grecian eloquence still flourished in An leader went down under the gush and false sentiment that elevated t ioch, when idols were still worshiped in the Temple of Mecca. his distingui-shed opponent to the Presidential chair. The real con Mr. Speaker, we have led the world in recent years in friendly in trolling, underlying idea of the election of 1!:!60 was the equality of tercourse among the nations of the earth, and we cannot now afford man and of all men, here and elsewhere-African and Chinaman, to take any step backward in our relations with the great Chinese Greenlander and Patagonian. The emancipation of the colored pop Empire. One hundred thousand of her people, under the provisions ulation in the South and their subsequent admission to all the rights of our treaty, have come to our shores and settled in our midst. Do of citizenship by the incorporation of the thirteenth, fourteenth, and you believe, if the conditions were reverseu and our citizens were in :fifteenth amendments into the Constitution, were the necessary, logi China instead of Chinese in the United &ta.tes, we could be success cal, and inevitable censequence not of the war between the States, fu1ly appealed toto inhibit further emigration and consent to the pas but of the assertion in the Declaration of Independence that all men sage of passport laws by which even those who were permitted tore are created equal-a principle absolutely false when applied to the main should be hampered in their every movement from one place to condition of society existing in the American colonies at the period another' Yet this China has done. With 100,000 of her people here, of its enunciation and afterwards. And now, sir, when we have had brought here by your own act, solicited to come in a.ll your treaties, but a slight foretaste of the fallacy, if not the c1·iminality, of the nrged to emigrate, and yet been subjected to all these annoying- and P.ractic.al enforcement of the dogma that all men are entitled to equal vexatious laws against them, China has acted more reasonable, if nghts rn this Government of ours, we are called upon to vote for a not as just to her own people as perhaps she should, than could be proposition that not only exclucles millions of men from citizenship expected of any other. She has consented to suspend that irnmi~ra and suffrage, but which imposes what I hope will be a perpetual pro tion which you once sought, which you regarded as the highest ett'ort hibition upon their polluting our soil even with the soles of their of diplomatic skill, and to modify her treaty to that end. Whose feet. How true it is that experience ever i!> contradicting the theo course is most like that of the Christian religion, hers or ours Y In ries of men. amity, forbearance, good will, have they not surpassed us¥ To ask Mr. Speaker, I believe Chinese immigrati9n ought to be prohibited the question is to answer it. I append the following testimonal by any and all legislation consistent with onr treaty obligations. No taken from the Presbyterian Banner, Pitt ·burgh, Pennsylvania: class of population should be permitted to locate in this country who cannot readily assimilate with our race, or whose blood cannot inter .And in the midst of this disgraceful outburst against an unoffending people, pros perous wherever they go, they are acting in a way creditable to themselves and mingle with that of the white race without deterioration or debase which at the same time severely rebukes their tormentors. Wherever they are found ment. The fact that the people of the States and Territories on the in tJ1is country they are busy and ever ready to learn. Those upon whom Christian Pacific coast, with a unanimity almost unparalleled, have been for cru:e ha heen bestowed are making decided pro~ess in general knowledge as well years demandin~ at the hands of Congress such legislation as this as in the Gospel, and not a few of them are Christians. .A short time ago the Chine~>e M.isl'lion School in Oakland, California, under the care of Rev. I. M . Condit and wife, bill proposes affords the most oonclusi.ve proof that the evil from from Western Pennsylvania, ~ave an entertainment wbioh wonJd put to the blush which they seekreliefis real, and that a prompt and certain remedy many of those loudest in decrymg these children of the Flowery Kin!£dom. A lar~;e shonld be applied. It is incredible that these comparatively young number of Chinese and about eighty white persons were present. The schoolis m communities, with immense bodies of uncultivated and virgin soil, a tlom:ishing condition, numbering sixty scholars in regular attendance and fifty six church members. They are instructed in the Chine e language every evening. with great possibilities in the future development of their manu Services in the Chinese language are held every Sunda:y at 11 a. m. and 7 p.m. Two facturing, mineral, and agricultural resources, and with large and in of the former pupils of the mi sion, Hnie Kin and Chm Gim, are students in Lane creasing demand for labor in all departments of industry, should unite Theological Seminary, Cincinnati. where Dr. Eells, former!~' of the Presbyterian as one man in asking for this relief if they did not realize its press c.lmreh in Oakland, California, is at present a professor. 'I he e two young men hn.Ye been studying at this seminary two years, and intend to roturn to Uhina.after ing necessity. Such a unanimity of sentiment and opinion on a sub ~mtlnation, and, wllen they have perfected themselves in the language and litera ject that is day after day forcing itself upon their attention amounts ture of their own country, will adopt the ministry as a profession. to absolute demonstration of the magnitude of the evil which afflicts An encouraging work is in pr~IP'ess among the Chinese in Chicago, under the . these cornmnities, and it is doing violence to all experience to trea,t direetion of Rev. William Speer, lJ.D., who ha.'l devoted so much of his life and bbm-s to this race. In Newark, New Jersey, there is also a school in activeopera their apprehensions as unreal, imaginary, or factitious. The es en tiou for their benefit. The Chinese schools of both these cities lately_gave enter tail facts are proved or admitted, and the judgment of the Ameri tainlllents in honor of their inshuctors and friends. And there is hardly a city or can people is that the Chinese must go. This, I doubt not, will be town in the older parts of the United Stn.tes where even a few Chinese are found, the action of Congress on this bill. in w11ich Christian and philanthropic people are not doing more or less for their l>enefit. And these labors are highly appreciated by those upon whom they are Whatever may be said a-s to the past policy of this Government be:; towed. If the present a!9ta tion should be successful it will not be creditable to in opening its doors to all grades and classes of men and in offering tlle United States, nor ·will It inm:e to our financial advanta,ge, to say nothing of an asylum to the oppressed and downtrodden populations of the higher considerations. And among the fiercest enemies of tlie Chinese are those ],eJlowing most lustily about conscription in Germany, persecution in Russia, and world, the time has come when a just reg-ard to the rights of our own landlord tyranny in Ireland. Our history, our institutions, and our present and people, especially our laboring population, calls aloud for a change future character, require that this insane crusade shall come to an end. Ifit should of that policy, and a pronounced reversal of it, and I welcome this be successful, it will only be for a time, and those engaged in it will find in the end measure as a step in that direction. Heretofore we have had vast that they have acted no't only wickedly but foolishly. bodies of the :finest agricultural lands in the world which needed the And now, 1\Ir. Speaker, I have said more than I intended, and I hand of labor and the arm of muscle to develop and to reduce to cnl- 1882. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-ROUSE. 213~ tivation. These lands, if not wholly taken np an UNITED STATES SIGNAL SERVICE. any reduction of the present tax on tobacco-to the Committee on The SPEAKER also laid before the House a letter from the Secre Ways and Means. tary of War, transmitting, in response to a House resolution of Feb Also, the petition of J. Fiesel and 70 others, glass-blowers of Mil ruary 9, a statement of expenditures for support of United States waukee, Wisconsin, relative to the duty on manufactured glass--to Signal Service, which have been made from the appropriations for the same committee. the support of the Army from 1875 to 1881, inclusive; also informa By Mr. GUENTHER: The joint resolution of the Legislature of tion as to how and by whom the Signal Service accounts are audited j Wisconsin, relative to the school and swamp lands certified and pat which was referred to the Committee on Military Affairs, and orderea ented by the United States to that State-to the Committee on the to be printed. Public Lands. By Mr. N. J. HAMMOND: The petition of Roderick Rutland, for COMPENSATION OF DISTRICT ATTORNEYS, ETC. a duplicate land warrant-to the same committee. The SPEAKER also laid before the House a letter from the Attor By l\Ir. HARMER: The resolutions of the Vessel-Owners' and Cap ney General, transmitting a letter from the Commissioner of Inter tains' Association of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, relative to certain nal Revenue and accompanying documents, recommending a change improvements in the Delaware River-to the Committee on Com in the mode ofcompensating district attorneys, marshals, deputy mar merce. shals, and circuit court clerks; which was referred to the Commit By :Mr. HENRYS. HARRIS: The resolutions of the Vessel-Own tee on the Judiciary, and ordered to be printed. ers' and Captains' Association of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for IMPROVEMENT OF OSAGE RIVER. the improvement of the Delaware River and Bay-to the same com mittee. Mr. RICE, of Missouri. I ask that by unanimous consent a bill By Mr. HUMPHREY: The joint resolution of the Legislature of which was introduced through the petition box and appropriately Wisconsin, relating to claims of said State against the United States referred, for the improvement of the Osage River in the State of ?ifis for swamp and overflowed lands-to the Committee on the Public ::;ouri, be printed. Lands. There being no objection, the bill (H. R. No. 5369) for the improve By l\Ir. J. K. JONES: The petition of citizens of Clark County, ment of the Osage River by locks and dams, and making an appro Arkansas, asking-for a survey of Ouachita River, between Arkadel priation therefor, was read a first and second time, referred to the phia and Camden, in that State-to the Committee on Commerce. Committee on Commerce, and ordered to be printed. By Mr. KELLEY: The petition of the Woman's Suffrage Associa ADMISSION OF DAKOTA. tion of Pennsylvania, protesting against the admission of Dakota as Mr. LEEDOM, by unanimous consent, presented the views of a a State unless the right of suffrage is extended to women-to the minority of the Committee on Territories against the admission of Committee on Territories. the Territory of Dakota; which were ordered to be printed with the Also, the resolutions of the National Tobacco Association, relating report of the majority. to the abolition of export stamps, changes of the law in regard to exportation of tobacco by rail, and charges as to fees paid to inspectors LEAVE OF ABSENCE. of export tobacco-to the Committee on Ways and Means. By unanimous consent, leave of absence was granted to Mr. BEACH Also, memorial of the National Tobacco Association, relative to for three days. the tax on tobacco-to the same committee. REPORT ON REORGA.NIZATIO~ OF THE NAVY. By :Mr. McMILLIN: Memorial of Edgar Waters and others, in op :.Mr. HARRIS, of Massachusetts. I ask that report No. 653 be re position to the adoption of the French metric system-to the Com printed. It is entirely exhausted, and there is a great demand for it. mittee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures. By Mr. MORSE: The petition of Elizabeth G. Fifield and of Mar The SPEAKER. What is the subject of the report~ Mr. HARRIS, of Massachusetts. The report is on the subject of tha P. R. Codman and A. D. Wetmore, for the passage of the Frenclt the reorganization of the Navy. spoliation claims bill-severally to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. There wa-s no objection, and it was so ordered. By :Mr. SHALLENBERGER: The petition of John Elder, D. C. Irish, and 206 others, residents of Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, BEAUFORT C. LEE. praying that prompt action may be taken by Congress to suppress l\Ir. ROBINSON, of Massachusetts, by unanimous consent, submit polygamy in the Territories of the United States-to the Committee ted the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. ou Accounts : By Mr. SPEER: The petition of citizens of Savannah, Georgia, for Resolved, That the Doorkeeper of this House be, and he is hereby, directed to the construction of a canal through Romney marsh, near said city place the name of Beaufort C. Lee upon the laborers' roll in the cloak-room of this to the Committee on Commerce. llouse, and he be paid out of the contingent fund of this House at the same rate By Mr. SPOONER: The petition of Mary E. Matthews, widow of of compensation that is now paicl for like services, and that he be continued uur the late Edw. S. Matthews, late surgeon of the United States Navy, in the session. for a pension-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. GOVERl\"1\lE~T RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION. By Mr. VANHORN: The petition of37 citizens of Gallipolis~.Ohio, The SPEAKER laill before the House the following rness:1ge from of 38 citizens of Rodney, Mississippi, and of 78 citizens of Kellogg's the President of the United States; which was read, referred to the Landing, Louisiana, in favor of an appropriation for the improve Committee on Appropriations, and ordered to be printed: ment of Lake Borgne outlet-severally to the Committee on Com To the Senate and How;e of Representatives: merce. I transmit herewith for the consideration of Congress a communication from the Secretary of the Interior, dated the 6th iustant, with accompanying papers, submitting di-aft of abill to authorize payment for Government transportation on SENATE. cert ain railroads. CHES'J;ER A. ARTHUR. EXECUTIVE MANSION, March 21, 1882. WEDNESDAY, March 22,1882. ENROLLED BILL SIGNED. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. J. J. BULLOCK, D. D. . ... Ur. ALDRICH, from tbe Committee on Enrolled Bills, reported The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. that the committee had examined and found truly enrolled a bill of EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS. the following title; when the Speaker signed the same : The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid beforeth~ Senate the following An act (S. No. 650) to authorize the Secretary of War to release a message from theP:resident of the UnitedStates; which was referred right of way across lands of the United States at Plattsburgh, New t.o the Committee on Appropriations, and ordered to be printed : York. 1\.fr. P .AGE. I move that the House do now adjourn. To the Senate and How;e of Representatives: The motion was agreed to; and a-ccordingly (at five o'clock p. m.) I transmit herewith for the consideration of Congress a communication from the the House adjourned. Secretary of War, dated the 18th instant, inclosing plans and estimates for a brick buildin~ for the post of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, to contain quarters for two compa.rues of troops, to replace the one destroyed by fire on the 1st of February last, and recommending an appropriation of $18,745.77, in accordance with the PETITIONS, ETC. estimates. The following memorials, petitions, and other papers were laid on CHESTER A. ARTHUR. the Clerk's desk, under the rule, and referred as follows : EXECUTIVE MANSION, March 21, 1882. By Mr. BINGHAM: The resolutions adopted by the Vessel-Own The PRESIDENT pro tempore also laid before the Senate the fol ers' and Captains' Association of Philadelphia, asking Congress to lowing message from the President of the United States; which was ma.ke appropriations for certain improvements in the Delaware River referred to the Committee on Appropriations, and ordered to be so as to improve its navigation-to the Committee on Commerce. printed: By Mr. BROWNE: The petition of Joseph P. Walton and 38 others To the Senate and House of Representatives: and of William H. Study and 67 others, ex-soldiers and citizens of I transmit herewith a communication from the Secretary of the Navy, calling the sixth Congressional district of Indiana, remonstrating against attention to the necessity of appropriating the sum of $12,000, under the head of placing General U.S. Grant on theretiredlist-severallyto the Com " Contingent equipment and recruiting," for immediate use to defray accruing l!littee on 1i!ititary Affairs. expenses during the remainder of the current fiscal year. The matter is commended for the favorable consideration of Congress. _By Mr. DEUSTER: The petition ofF. F. Adams& Co. and others, CHESTER A. ARTHUR. tobacco manufacturers of Milwaukee Wisconsin, protesting against EXECUTIVE MANSION, March 21, 1882.