4038 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 25, 1971 EXTEN.SIO·NS OF REMARKS

HIGHWAY SAFETY RECEIVES AT­ disabling injuries and cause damage on the VOICE OF DEMOCRACY ESSAY CON­ order of $2.5 billion. TEST WINNER IN NORTH DAKOTA TENTION IN PERCEPTIVE ARTICLE Most states have laws on their books which give judges the authority to impose jail sen­ tences or to revoke the licenses of those who HON. MARK ANDREWS HON. JENNINGS RANDOLPH have shown themselves to be a menace to OF NORTH DAKOTA themselves and to others. But the automobile OF WEST VIRGINIA has become such an integral part of the cen­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES taurian society in which we live that many Thursday, February 25, 1971 Thursday, February 25, 1971 judges are unwilling to invoke these penal­ ties except in the most extreme cases: Lack Mr. ANDREWS of North Dakota. Mr. Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, for of a driver's license may cost a man his job, Speaker, I am proud to announce that many years we have been attempting to or make it impossible for a widowed woman Miss Patricia Colberg of Fargo, N. Dak.• cope with the problem of mayhem on to shop for her children. has won the Voice of Democracy essay our roads and streets. We have known And yet it is clear that, if the multiple contest in North Dakota. offender has rights, so too, does the potential during most of this time that the ma­ multiple victim. At the very least, he (or she) A student at North High School in jority of vehicle crashes are caused by who has been involved in serious moving Fargo, she plans to enter North Dakota problem drivers, such as alcoholics, nar­ violations ought to have his car daubed with State University this fall to study either cotics addicts, and the habitual reck­ scarlet letters identifying him as what he is: bacteriology or medicine. less driver. However, all levels of gov­ A potential k111er. She is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. ernment, including our courts, have been One way of doing this would be manda­ Wayne J. Colberg. reluctant to identify and deal firmly with tory replacement of a car's regular license In her essay, Miss Colberg describes tags with conspicuously colored ones after two things her generation must do to this individual. the vehicle had been involved in two moving The news media is beginning to give violations within a single calendar year. maintain freedom in America. They are: the problem driver the attention he Now there are some nuts, and I fear their Respect the opinions of otl:ers, and should have as a menace. tribe increases, who would continue to drive work through the system. An article by Smith Hempstone, pub­ recklessly even if their cars were painted in Her essay deserves public attention, lished in the Evening Star of February 24, polka ·dots. But it is a reasonable assump­ and I insert it in the RECORD as follows: deals effectively with the problem driver tion that the knowledge his car bore red VOICE OF DEMOCRACY and focuses the spotlight on him. tags marked "Dangerous Driver" would slow down most multiple offenders, or at least (By Patricia J. Colberg) I ask unanimous consent that the give others a fighting chance by identifying "Ask not what your country can do for article be printed in the Extensions of him so he could be treated with extreme you, but what you can do for your coun­ Remarks. caution. try." These familiar words of the late Presi­ There being no objection, the article Highway terrorists with three violations dent John Kennedy typify what I would was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, could be given tags of another distinctive consider the responsibility necessary for the as follows: color bearing appropriate lettering. Such preservation of that one resource our coun­ drivers would be allowed to use their cars try can boast is so plentiful-FREEDOM. ZAP THE HIGHWAY CONG WITH SCARLET only for getting to work and for essential But before we can determine the role Young LETTERS shopping, but not for social purposes. America should play in the maintenance of (By Smith Hempstone) Since most cars are used by more than one freedom, we must ask ourselves two ques­ Too much blood has been shed. The cas­ driver, such a scheme admittedly would work tions. The first pertaining to freedom of the ualty lists grow longer daily. It's time for a a hardship on-and be unfair tcr--the safe past: What has made Freedom our Heritage? cease-fire on this country's highways. drivers in a family. But the stigma of hav­ And the second referring to freedom at pres­ Our streets, roads and interstate freeways ing to drive a car marked as a potential k111er ent: How is freedom living in today's world? in itself could generate family pressures The answers to these questions concerning have become free-fire zones in which more freedom's past and present hold the key to Americanil are killed each year than have which might markedly reduce the burgeon­ ing number of traffic fatalities. Normal unlocking the door to freedom's future. died in six years of warfare in Vietnam. In What has made Freedom our Heritage? one recent year, the butcher's bill was 52,500 plates could, of course, be returned to a ve­ hicle after a stated period, perhaps 18 Our nation was established on the concept deaths, 2 million disabling injuries and an of freedom for every man. Three documents economic loss of close to $10 b111ion. months, free of moving violations. If a hard-core motoring malefactor were virtually assure that end: The Declaration Fundamentally, the problem is that there of Independence-proclaiming a free, in­ are too many cars, many of them of unsafe unimpressed by the restrictions placed on his license and his car, if he continued to be dependent nation; the United States Cor­ construction, being driven too fast by too stitution-actually establishing our country many drivers who are reckless, inexperienced involved in moving violations, then for his sake and for that of others his license should and the Bill of Rights--insuring Man's un­ or stupid, sometimes all three. Those to be permanently revoked. An automobile can deniable liberties. But there is an even whom the bottle is no stranger add an extra be a weapon as lethal as a submachine gun, richer background of freedom's actual be­ element of peril for those who must run and no man has an unalienable right to coming our heritage if we look only to the the automotive gantlet. either. men who fought for freedom. For without Because the problem is a complex one, The drunken driver, responsible for 28,000 these brave people who dedicated their very there can be no single solution to it. But a deaths annually, has been a serious problem lives to gaining liberty for all men, freedom step toward sanity might be made by identi­ for years. With the spread of the drug cul­ may never have become the cornerstone of fying the highway Viet Cong, the multiple ture, we face the prospect of some very bad America's foundation and those three docu­ offenders who terrorize our roads and make trips indeed, for users and non-users alike. ments insuring our freedoms may never a commuter's mere survival a feat worthy of have been written. Remember Thomas With a swe111ng population of 204 million Paine? Paine struggled defiantly to free the a campaign ribbon. people and 80 million automobiles on the Recidivist traffic offenders, who are nearly colonies from Britain's tyrannical rule by road, the risk of allowing accident-probe publishing a newspaper critical of Mother as great a menace to society as the felons drivers to carry on their fender-crunching who stalk our sidewalks, number in the many England. Nathan Hale-a young school ways simply has become unacceptable. teacher hanged by the British as a traitor­ tens of thousands. They come from every Thousands of people can be marshaled to age and ethnic group, every stratum of so­ spurred-on the freedom-fighters with his march on Washington to protest American famous last words: "I only regret that I ciety, every occupation: Teen-agers, house­ casualties in Vietnam. Yet it is one of the wives, businessmen, laborers. have but one life to lose for my country.'' many ironies of our crazy time that nobody And it was the oratorical stamina of Patrick And they are at the core of the problem, is very much interested in protesting against Henry who laid his life on the line with make no mistake about that. The Automobile those reckless drivers who kill and maim his emphatic conviction: "Give me liberty Club of Micliigan, which recently investi­ thousands of their countrymen every year. or give me death!" These men-three of a gated the circumstances surrounding 363 Each of us, if he is honest with himseif, list of hundreds-who substantially con­ fatal accidents, found that about 25 percent knows that he has driven recklessly on at secrated their lives to the establishment of of the drivers involved had been in an aver­ least one occasion. But it oan't go on this a Free nation. These men made freedom our age of three previous accidents. Translated way. It's time to de-escalate the free-fire Heritage because these men struggled to into national terms, that would mean that zones which our highways have become. And establish the liberties we enjoy today which multiple offenders each year take the lives of the situation has reached the point at which are guaranteed by the documents they about 13,000 people, infiict roughly 500,000 only draconian measures can be effective. wrote. February 25, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4039 Freedom-our Heritage--established and There being no objection, the article that once were anathema now are widely foreseen. Nixon has us hanging on the ralls. insured by our founding fathers. But how is was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, freedom living in today's world? Even today Maybe his course leads to a stable econ­ there are t:.xamples of young people not so as follows: omy; but these are desperate chances Nixon unlike Patrick Henry and Nathan Hale, who [From the Evening Star, Feb. 23, 1971] ls taking. The rueful notion will not go away are indeed fighting to live freedom. A high NIXON'S NEW COURSE AIMING EcONOMY FOR that we preferred our skipper then, to our school student from Kansa-S spends his sum­ RocKs? skipper now. mer in Appalachia-instead of Woodstock, (By James J. Kilpatrick) New York. A young girl in Mississippi de­ These are hard times for the -President of cides to stay in her integrated school, rather the United States. The economy :flaps like a than following her friends who enroll in an wild spinnaker; he cannot get the thing tied LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY all-White school in the suburb. A boy in down. He is running in a sea of crosscurrents California decides to attend college in his and contradictions, bailing with one arm and home state. He resolves to become a student steering with the other. It is not the best mo­ leader-in the University Senate ... not the ment, perhaps to ask our skipper to reflect on SDS. A young man in Iowa interrupts his HON. DOMINICK V. DANIELS the principles of nav·igation. OF NEW JERSEY education to serve his country in Vietnam. Yet a series of worrisome developments is Living examples, common all over America­ causing increasing concern among Nixon's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES examples o'f how freedom is indeed living in friends and supporters on the political right. Thursday, February 18, 1971 today's world. We are not ready to abandon ship: Where do Freedom-our Heritage. The future pres­ we swim to? But it would be pleasantly re­ Mr. DANIELS of New Jersey. Mr. ervation of Freedom as President Kennedy assuring, all the same, to know where in the Speaker, February marks an event both indicated a decade ago is to "do for your hell we are going. proud and tragic in the history of free country." This primary responsibility of Treasury Secretary Connally was up to the peoples. It is the 53d commemoration of "doing" for America will soon be shifting to Hill last week, asking for a walloping $40 my generation, just as my parents assumed Lithuanian independence, as well as the billion increase in the legal limit on the na­ 720th anniversary of the formation of these citizenship duties. They have paid tional debt. The increase will have to be taxes, voted at the polls, served in the armed granted. the Lithuanian Republic by Mindaugas forces. These same requirements must be ful­ No such massive increase would be re­ the Great in 1251. filled by the Youth of United States. But quired if it were not for the massive deficits It is a proud commemoration because besides these basics of being a citizen in a in prospect. Nixon's budget message predicts of the long history of liberty in the hearts free nation, my generation must do two a deficit for the current fiscal year of $18 bil­ of the Lithuanian and Baltic peoples. It other things. First, respect the opinions of lion, and a deficit for the next fiscal year of is tragic because of oppressive occupa­ others, and secondly, work through the Sys­ $11.6 billion, but the figures are written on tem. It is important that if we want to be tion of the Baltic Republics by the Soviets sand. It is probable that the deficits-and the since 1940 and the terror and genocide heard and respected that we do the same for debt--will be much greater. others . . . particularly those of the "other" "What we need," said Nixon not so awfully which the Soviet Government has visited generation. As the writer Voltaire once said: long ago, "is an intelligently balanced econ­ upon the people of Lithuania, Latvia, and "I disagree entirely with everything you say, omy." And he went on to complain-this was Estonia. but I'll de'fend to the death your right to say in New York on July 6, 1968-that "we have However, the Communists have been it." not yet taken the first step toward such bal­ unable to break the spirit of Lithuania. The second step Young Americans must ance--toward regaining control over federal take is to work through the System, for like They have been unable to suppress the deficit spending and the ever-increasing aspirations of the Lithuanian people for Kenneth Clark, author of the book Civiliza­ federal debt." t i on, I believe that "order is better than This was one of the major themes of the freedom and the exercise of their human chaos, creation better than destruction, and Nixon campaign. He belabored Lyndon John­ rights. There exists a strong bond be­ human sympathy more valuable than ideol­ son for failing "to cut deficit spending which tween all Lithuanians, and a :fierce pride ogy." History is ourselves and for Americans is the cause of our present inflation." in the homeland in which they believe-­ freedom was established as our Heritag~ Budget deficits, he said, "lie at the heart of not the Lithuania of today, but the Lith­ and freedom lives today. Freedom's future is our troubles." For his own part, he renounced certain if my generation continues to assume uania which existed before 1940. the responsibilities of being free American any "massive step-up" in federal spend­ Mr. Speaker, we have witnessed recent­ ing programs. "This is a prescription for fur­ ly a profound and tragic demonstration citizens and "do" for America. ther inflation," said Nixon. "I believe it is also a prescription for economic disaster." of the Lithuanian urge for freedom in the Well, we cheered our skipper then. He was attempted defection from Lithuania by a philosopher of the free enterprise system. Simas Kudirka. This single but heroic PRESIDENT NIXON'S ECONOMIC "There is nothing the matter with the en­ act presented sufficient evidence to the POLICIES gine of free enterprise," he said "that can­ rest of the world that the spirit and hope not be corrected by placing a prudent and of Lithuania still lives. Although the ob­ sober engineer at the throttle." In a major stacles may seem insurmountable at this radio address on Oct. 23, 1968, he assailed the time, I am confident that the Lithuanian HON. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. notion that wage and price controls could people will achieve their long-sought-for OF VmGINIA be limited to a few areas. "In order to con­ trol wages and prices," he said, "it would be goal-the independence and liberty IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES necessary to embark on a road from which which is the inherent right of e·very man. Thursday, February 25, 1971 it is very hard to escape without major dam­ Recently Mr. V. P. Volertas, president age to the freedom of all." of the National Executive Committee of Mr. BYRD of Virginia. Mr. President, This was sound conservative doctrine. the Lithuanian American Community of the syndicated Columnist James J. Kil­ Nixon warmed our hearts in a related field the U.S.A. , Inc., forwarded to me an essay patrick has written an interesting analy­ when he took a "dim view" of any welfare sis of President Nixon's economic poli­ plan that might be predicated upon a guar­ entitled "Lithuania's Fight for Free­ cies. His column appeared in newspapers anteed annual income. Such a plan, he said, dom-30 Years of Soviet Oppression." on Tuesday, February 23. would be doubly wrong: "First, it would not This essay describes the history of the Mr. Kilpatrick points out that the ad­ end poverty; and second, while it might be a Soviet occupation o'! the Baltic republics substitute for welfare, it would have a det ri­ as well as the conditions of fear and re­ ministration's request for an increase of mental effect on the productive capacity of $40 billion in the ceiling on the national pression under which liberty loving peo­ the American people." ples must now live. debt is made necessary by massive defi­ Where are we, Cap'n? The administration's cits in the Government's finances for Family Assistance Plan, no matter how it is I am inserting into the RECORD, for the fiscal1971 and fiscal 1972. sliced and buttered, is a form of guaranteed attention of my colleagues, a copy of that He also notes that the President's eco­ annual income. Federal spending is up. Infla­ essay along with the text of House Con­ nomic policies in many areas are in con­ tion continues. And we are offered, as a "re­ current Resolution 416 of the 39th Con­ flict with the philosophy enunciated dur­ sponsible fiscal policy," a budget predicated gress, which was passed by both the ing the campaign for the office which he upon real deficits and make-believe revenues. House of Representatives and the Senate. now holds. The dismal thought is beginning to take I have also included a copy of a resolution hold that Nixon has jet tisoned his charts and of the Lithuanian Council of New Jersey I ask unanimous consent that Mr. Kil­ compass of 1968-tossed t hem over the rail­ patrick's analysis, entitled "Nixon's New and now is steering by the seat of his pants. adopted on February 13, 1971. Course Aiming Economy for Rocks?" be Last year he would not jawbone; this year he In addition, Mr. Speaker, I have spon­ printed in the Extensions of Remarks. will. The limited price and wage controls sored a House concurrent resolution to 4040 EXTENSIONS OF. REMARKS February 25, 19'11 urge the President to direct the attention Union. During the second part of June of RESOLUTiON OF THE LITHUANIAN COUNCIL OF o.f world opinion at the United Nations 1941 the people of Lithuania succeeded in . NEW JERSEY and at other appropriate international getting rid of the Communist regime in the On the occasion of the 53rd Anniversary of country: freedom and independence were re­ the Restoration of Lithuania's independence, forums and by such means as he deems stored and a free government was re-estab­ we el:ie representatives of the Lithuanian appropriate, to the denial of the rights of lished. This free, provisional government re­ ethnic community of New Jersey, assembled self-determination for the peoples of mained in existence for more than six weeks. here on February 13, 1971, in Newark, New Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, and to At that time Lithuania was overrun by the Jersey to: bring the force of world opinion to bear Nazis who suppressed all the activities of Commemorate Lithuan1a.'s Declaration of on behalf of the restoration of these this free government and the government it­ Independence proclaimed on February 15th, self. During the period between 1940 and rights to the Baltic peoples. 1918, 1n Vilnius, whereby a sovereign Lith­ 1952 alone, more than 30,000 Lithuanian uanian State, having antecedents in the The materials follow: freedom fighters lost their lives in an orga­ Lithuanian Kingdom established in 1251. was LITHUANIA'S FIGHT FOR FREEDOM! 30 YEARS nized resistance movement against the In­ restored; OF SoVIET OPPRESSION vaders. The cessation of armed guerrilla war­ Honor the memory of the generations of For too long too many people throughout fare in 1952 did not spell the end of Lithu­ Lithuanian freedom fighters who fought to the world have been unaware of what hap­ ania's resistance against Soviet domination. :lefend Lithuania's national aspirations and pened to the people of Lithuania. The Krem­ On the contrary, resistance by passive means values against foreign oppressors; lin is fond of saying that Russian imperial­ gained a new impetu&. Recall with pride the political, cultural, ism died with the czar. But the fate of The persecution of Solzhenitsyn, the clamp economic and social achievements of the Lithuania shows this to be a cruel fiction. on Rostropovich and other dissenters in the Lithuanian Republic during the independ­ The Communist regime did not come to Soviet Union received a great deal of pub­ ence era of 1918-1940; power in Lithuania by legal or democratic licity in the free world's press. Very well pub­ Express our indignation over the interrup­ process. The Soviets invaded and occupied licized were the Simas Kudirka-coast Guard tion of Lithuania's sovereign functions as a Lithuania in June of 1940, and the Lithu­ tragedy, the Hijacking of a Russian jet liner result of the military occupation of our home­ anian people have been suffering in Russian­ by Brazinskas and his son, death sentences land by the Soviet Union on June 15, 1940, communist slavery for more than 30 years. imposed on two Jews and a young Lithuan­ during the course of which national tradi­ Americans of Lithuanian origin or descent, ian, Vytautas Simokaitis, for trying to escape tions and values were trammeled, the per­ numbering over 1,000,000 in the United the Communist tyranny. But this is only the sonal freedoms of the people were suppressed States, and their friends in all parts of the tip of the iceberg of desperation in the Soviet and hundreds of thousands of people were country will commemorate two very impor­ empire. In slave labor camps in the Soviet liquidated by the Soviet genocidal practices; tant anniversaries during the second part of Union mill1ons of people ara still being held. And to emphasize once again our confi­ February, 1971: (1) They will observe the Many dissenters are being confined to psy­ dence that, regardless of what methods the 720th anniversary of the formation of the chiatric institutions and being murdered by Soviet oppressors devise, they will, in the Lithuanian state when Mindaugas the Great the Kremlin thugs. It is an established fact end, be unable to suppress the aspirations unified all Lithuanian principalities into one that a brilliant Lithuanian linguist, Dr. of the Lithuanian people for freedom and the kingdom in 1251; and (2) They will mark-the Jonas Kazlauskas, 40 years old, was mur­ exercise of their human rights. These hopes 53rd anniversary of the establishment of the dered in a psychiatric hospital in Moscow were made most evident in the recent suc­ modern Republic of Lithuania on February three months ago. His only "crime" was that cessful hijacking of a Soviet aircraft to Tur­ 16, 1918. But this celebration of Lithuania's he had received an invitation to come to the key by Pranas and Algird·as Brazinskas, as Independence Day will not be similar to University of Pennsylvania (in Philadelphia, well a& in Simas Kudirka's heroic attempt at American celebration of the Fourth of July. Pennsylvania) as a guest professor for this defection. It will contain no note of joy, no jubilant very spring semester of 1971. Gravely concerned with the present plight tone of achievement and victory. On the con­ The Government of the United States of of Soviet-occupied Lithuania and animated trary, the observance will be somber, sorrow­ America has refused to recognize the seizure by a spirit of solidarity we, the members of fu1, underline with the grime accent of de­ and forced "incorporation" of Lithuania by the Lithuanian ethnic community of New feat and tragedy. For Lithuania has lost its the Communists into the Union of Soviet So­ Jersey, independence, and today survives only as a cialist Republics. Our Government maintains Demand that Soviet Russia immediately captive nation behind the Iron Curtain. diplomatic relations with the former free withdraw its armed forces, administrative ap­ The Lithuanians are proud people who Government of Lithuania. Since June of paratus, and the imported Communist have lived peacefu1ly on the shores of the 1940, when the Soviet Union took over Lith­ "colons" from Lithuania, thus permitting Baltic from time immemorial. Lithuania has uania, all the Presidents of the United States the Lithuanian nation to freely exercise sov­ suffered for centuries from the ••accident of (Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, ereign rights of self-determination. geography." From the West the country was Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, We call upon our Senators and Represent­ invaded by the Teutonic Knights, from the Lyndon B. Johnson, and Richard M. Nixon) atives to make use of every opportunity to East by the Russians. It took remarkable have stated, restated and confirmed our urge that President Nixon once again pub­ spiritual and ethnic strength to survive the country's nonrecognition policy of the occu­ licly reiterates the long standing United pressures from both sides. The Lithuanians, pation of Lithuania by the Kremlin dicta­ States position of non-recognition of the it shou1d be kept in mind, are ethnically re­ tors. However, our country has done very lit­ incorporation of the Baltic States of Estonia, lated neither to the Germans nor the Rus­ tle, if anything, to help the suffering people Latvia, and Lithuania into the Soviet Union sians. Their language is the oldest in Europe of Lithuania to get rid of the Communist and to raise this issue in the United Nations today. regime in their country. and at various international conferences. After the Nazis and Soviets smashed At a time when the Western powers have Poland in September of 1939, the Kremlin granted freedom and independence to many H. CON. RES. 416 moved troops into Lithuania and annexed nations in Africa, Asia and other parts of the Whereas the subjection of peoples to alien this republic in June of 1940. In one of his­ world, we must insist that the Communist subjugation, domination, and exploitation tory's greatest frauds, "elections" were held colonial empire likewise extends freedom and constitutes a denial of fundamental human under the Red army guns. The Kremlin then independence to the peoples of Lithuania, rights, is contrary to the Charter of the claimed that Lithuania voted for inclusion Latvia, Estonia and other captive nations United Nations, and is an impediment to in the Soviet empire. whose lands have been unjustly occupied and the promotion of world peace and coopera­ Then began one of the most brutual occu­ whose rightful place among the nations of tion; and pations of all times. Hundreds of thousands the world is being denied. Today and not to­ Whereas all peoples have the right to self­ of Lithuanians were dragged off to trains morro'l"'7 is the time to brand the Kremlin determination; by virtue of that right they and jammed into cars without food or water. dictators as the largest colonial empire in the freely determine their political status and Many died from suffocation. The pitifu1 sur­ world. By timidity, we invite further Com­ freely pursue their economic, social, cultural vivors were dumped out in the Arctic Siberia. munist aggression. and religious development; and The people of Lithuania have never experi­ The United States Congress has made a Whereas the Baltic peoples of Estonia, Lat­ enced such an extermination and annihila­ right step into the right direction by adopt­ via, and Lithuania have been forcibly de­ tion in their long history through centuries ing H. Con. Res. 416 that calls for freedom prived of these rights by the Government of as during the last three decades. Since June for Lithuania and the other two Baltic re­ the Soviet Union; and 15, 1940, Lithuania has lost more than one­ publics-Latvia and Estonia. All freedom­ Whereas the Government of the Soviet fourth of the country's population. The gen­ loving Americans shou1d urge the President Union, through a program of deportations ocidal operations and practices being carried of the United States to implement this very and resettlement of peoples, continues in its out by the Soviets continue with no end in important legislation by bringing the issue effort to change the ethnic character of the sight. populations of the Baltic States; and Since the very beginning of Soviet-Russian of the liberation of the Baltic States to the Whereas it has been the firm and con­ occupation, however, the Lithuanians have United Nations. We should have a single sistent policy of the Government of the waged an intensive fight for freedom. This standard for freedom. Its denial in the whole United States to suport the aspirations of year marks the 30th anniversary of Lithu­ or in part, any place in the world, including Baltic peoples for self-determination and ania's successful revolt against the Soviet the Soviet Union, is surely intolerable. national independence; and February 25, 1971 E.XTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4041 _ Whereas there exist many historical, cul­ CONCURRENT RESOLUTION publicly fiaunted by members of the upper tural, and family ties between the peoples Whereas the subjection of peoples to allen and middle classes, who sought to outdo one of the Baltic States and the American peo­ subjugation, domination,, and exploitation another in extravagance and ostentation, in ple: Be it constitutes a denial of fundamental human private sexual depravity and in public pecu­ Resolved by the -House of Representatives rights, is eontrary to the Charter of the lation. The family, once the stanchest of (the Senate concurring), That the House of United Nations, and is an impediment to the institutions, had been weakened by the col­ Representatives of the United States urge promotion of world peace and coopera.tion; lapse of paternal authority. Women threw the President of the United States- and off the old restraints, disdaining chastity and (a) to direct the attention of world opinion Whereas all peoples have the right to self­ taking to the streets to demand equal status at the United Nations and at other appro­ determination; by virtue of that right they witb men. priate international forums and by such freely determine their political status and Religion, the traditional backbone of the means as he deems appropriate, to the denial freely pursue their economic, social, cultural. state, had become an empty formality to of the rights of self-determination for the and religious development; and which most men paid no more than lip­ peoples of Estonia, .Latvia, and Lithuania, Whereas the Baltic peoples of Estonia, service. To fill the vacuum created by their and Latvia, and Lithuania. have been forcibly de­ own disbelief, many of the young joined (b) to bring the force o! world opinion to prived of these rights by the Government of oriental cults whose emotional rituals and bear on behalf of the ·restoration of these the Soviet Union; and drug-induced mysticism were an affront to rights to the Baltic peoples. Whereas the Government of the Soviet those who stm clung to the old faith. u;nion, through a program of deportations There had been great changes, too, in the ideals, method and content of education. [From the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Oct. 22, and resettlement of peoples, continues in its 1966] effort to change the ethnic character of the The old philosophy that one of the primary populations of the Baltic States; and purposes of schooling was to inculcate in the CONCURRENT RESOLUTION To REQUEST THE Whereas it has been the firm and con­ young patriotism, morals, respect for the PRESIDENT oF THE UNITED STATEs To URGE sistent policy of the Government of the law and a reverence for national traditions CERTAIN ACTIONS IN BEHALF OF LITHUANL\, United States to ·support the aspirations of had pretty well gone by the board. In fts ESTONIA, AND LATVIA Bal-tic peoples for self-determination and na­ place, the intellectuals espoused a new per­ Mr. MANsFIELD. Mr. President, I ask unan­ tional independence; and missiveness. imous consent that the Senate turn to the Whereas there exist many historical, cul­ In the political arena, the two major considemtion of oaJ.endar No. 1573, House tural, and family ties between the peoples parties battled viciously for supremacy. One Concurrent Resolution 416. of the Baltic States and the American people: continued in the minds of most people to be The PREsiDING OFFICER. The concurrent res­ Be it associated with the preservation of economic olution will be stated. Resolved by the House of Representatives and social privilege. The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. A concurrent reso­ (the Senate concurring), That the House of The other, led frequently by wealthy Uber­ lution (H. Con. Res. 416) to request the Repre5entatives of the United States urge als convinced of the necessity for reform, was President of the United States to urge cer­ the President of the United States- plagued by a lack of unity as leaders am­ tain actions in behalf of Lithuania, Estonia, (a) to direct the attention of world opin­ bitious for personal power vied with each and Latvia. ion at the United Nations and at other appro­ other in their demagogic appeals to the rest­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there ob­ priate international forums and by such l,ess )llasses. As a concomitant of partisan jection to the present consideration of the means as he deems appropriate, to the denial strife, both parties cynically disregarded the concurrent resolution? of the rights of self-determination for the Constitution and public morality fell to a There being no objection, the Senate pro­ peoples of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, new low as scandal after scandal rocked the ceeded to its consideration. and capital and the country. Mr. KucHEL. Mr. President, I wish to say (b) to bring the force of world opinion to Polltical violence became a feature of the that I am delighted that this matter is be­ bear on behalf of the restoration of these times, with large-scale demonstrations in the ing taken up. It deserves attention in this rights to the Baltic peoples. cities and rival gangs of extremists battling session as a mark of our continuing concern each other in the streets. for those peoples who have been deprived Meanwhile, the nation's enemies abroad of their democratic institutions and are un­ continued their mlllta.ry buildup. But the able to speak for themselves. A SOCIETY UNDER STRESS new wars were not to be fought by citizen­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question soldier conscripts, rather by an all-volunteer army, the creation of which was to have a is on agreeing to the concurrent resolution. HON. WILLIAM B. SPONG, JR. profound effect on the future of the Republic. The concurrent resolution (H. Con. Res. The inadequacies of institutions designed 416) was agreed to. OF VmGINIA by the founders for the governance of a EXECUTIVE POSrriON IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES small, uncomplicated state became apparent The position of the executive branch with Thursday, February 25, 1971 and led to pressure for electoral reform. A respect to the concurrent resolution is out­ new criminal code was enacted in an attempt lined in the correspondence which follows: Mr. SPONG. Mr. President, a column to deal with the growing lawlessness. But DEPARTMENT OF STATE, written by Smith Hempstone, and pub­ politicians continued to play upon the social Washington, June 1, 1965. lished recently in the Washington Eve­ issue for partisan advantage, rather than Hon. THOMAS E. MORGAN, ning Star, I believe deserves the widest seeking an equitable and lasting solution Chairman, Committee on Foreign Affairs, circulation. It is, in my opinion, an in­ to it. House of Representatives. The increasingly frequent assassinations of teresting reflection on our times. I ask public figures and the continued use of vio­ DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: I am writing in reply be to your letter of May 20, 1965, to the Secretary unanimous consent that the article lence as a political tool led to a concentration of State, requesting the Department's com­ printed in the RECORD. of power at the center and a diminution of ments on House Concurrent Resolution 416, There be no objection, the article was the liberties of all citizens. which has been approved unanimously by the ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as Military defeat in Asia had an unsettling Subcommittee on Europe and ordered favor­ follows: political effect at home. In the end, all the ably reported to the full Committee on For­ LoST MOORINGS IN A SOCIETY UNDER STRESS maneuvering proved in vain. The burden of eign Affairs. The resolution requests the defense spending coupled with a vast public President of the United States to urge cer­ (By Smith Hempstone) works program was more than the debased tain actions in behalf of Estonia, Latvia, and The battle-hardened veterans returned currency could bear. The spectacles of sadism Lithuania. The language of the resolution, as from the war to a nation fundamentally and violence to which the public had become formulated, is not objected to by the Depart­ changed, to a society vastly dUierent from inured had aroused passions always only ment of State. that which they left. There was a sense of thinly papered over. The Department has been advised by the political uncertainty in the air; the stench The venality and corruption of an estab­ Bureau of the Budget that from the stand­ of moral corruption, almost as perceptible lishment which had given itself over to point of the administration's program there is as the noxious odors emanating from the licentiousness and sensual gratification of­ no objection to the submission of this report. slow-fiowing river, hung over the capital. fered neither example nor leadership to a Sincerely yours, The flight from the countryside, begun people who had forgotten both God and DOUGLAS MACARTHUR II, long before they took up arms, had been patriotism. Although the creaking institu­ Assistant Secretary for completed. The family farm was a thing from tions of government no longer were capable Congressional Relations, the past; only the vast (and hence more of responding to the demands placed upon (For the Secretary of State) . viable) estates survived. Great masses of them, the senators prattled on. unskllled men, unable to find jobs and their Finally, on the night of Jan. 10, 49 B.C., small savings eaten by infiation, crowded Julius Caesar splashed across the Rubicon H. CoN. REs.- into the rotting inner-cities to swell the with his legions at his back, an act which Mr. DANIELs of New Jersey submitted the welfare rolls and make the streets unsafe for was to lead to the destruction of the Roman following concurrent resolution; which was honest people. The alienated muttered of republic. But all that was in another time resolved by the House of Representatives (the revolution. and, of course, has nothing to do with us Senate CQncurring) : The old virtues of thrift and probity were and our country. 4042 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 25, 1971 CALLING FOR A 26-WEEK EXTEN­ ment insurance funds in accordance with COOPERATIVE LEAGUE URGES CON­ SION OF UNEMPLOYMENT COM­ the provisions of their own State laws. GRESS TO RETAIN 4% PERCENT PENSATION BENEFITS That the Federal Government would CEILING reimburse the States for any benefits paid. Reimbursement would be from general revenue sources, and no addi­ HON. WRIGHT PATMAN HON. FERNAND J. ST GERMAIN OF TEXAS OF RHODE ISLAND tional taxes would be levied on employers for such purposes. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES That only States which had enacted Thursday, February 25, 1971 Thursday, February 25, 1971 "extended benefits" would be eligible to Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, many or­ Mr. ST GERMAIN. Mr. Speaker, to­ participate. ganizations, representing consumers, day's unemployment levels are putting That only those claimants who had ex­ farmers, and working people, are deeply heavy extra burdens on the States. This hausted "extended benefits" would be concerned about the proposal to elim­ eligible for additional benefits. compounds a serious situation. Most inate the 4~ percent ceiling on long­ States are already overburdened with That each eligible claimant would be term Government bonds. fiscal problems. entitled to receive as emergency benefits Many people have contacted me in In December, my home State of Rhode the same number of'weeks of benefits at recent days to express their dismay about Island paid out more money in unem­ the same rate as his original State en­ the action of the Ways and Means Com­ ployment compensation than in any titlement, up to a maximum of 26 weeks. mittee in approving legislation which month in the 33-year history of the pro­ The support of my colleagues in the would give the Secretary of the Treasury gram. Unemployment was at 6.4 percent House for this bill would be much ap­ the authority to market up to $10 bil­ in December. Many of these payments preciated. I am certain that many States lion of long-term Government obliga­ besides Rhode Island will be most anxi­ went to people covered by the new law tions without regard to the 4~-percent which extends the benefit period by 13 ous to benefit from legislation of this ceiling. Such action would mean the end weeks. What happens when the 13 weeks sort. of the 4~-percent ceiling as an effective run out? People will go on the welfare The text of the resolution passed by low interest policy. rolls and the costs to the States will rise the Rhode Island General Assembly fol­ This morning I received a copy of a even higher. lows: statement issued by the Cooperative RESOLUTION MEMORALIZING CONGRESS IN VIEW League of the U.S.A. calling on the Con­ Unemployment has now reached 7. 7 OF THE PRESENT ECONOMIC RECESSION TO percent in Rhode Island. This is part of ENACT SUCH LEGISLATION NECESSARY TO Ex­ gress to reject this destruction of the the dismal nationwide unemployment TEND UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFIT COVERAGE AN 4~-percent ceiling. The Cooperative picture. Our national economic policies ADDITIONAL 26 WEEKS League-which represents every major are directly responsible. It seems to me Whereas, Rhode Island's rate of unemploy­ cooperative in the Nation-said: that the economic hardships and losses ment reached 6.4 per cent in mid-December, To reverse this policy (4% % ceiling) in to the States brought on by those na­ 1970; and this way will have a wide-ranging effect tional policies should be absorbed as Whereas, During that same month the throughout the economy that will cost much as possible by the Federal Govern­ state paid out more money in unemployment every consumer in ways he cannot afford. ment. With that in mind I wrote the compensation benefits than in any month in to the 33-year history of this progra.m; and Mr. Speaker, the Cooperative League is President in January asking him to Whereas, The single most significant fac­ one of the major consumer organizations implement the suggestion of the Gov­ tor in the situation is that approximately 20 of this Nation and they represent the ernor of Rhode Island that the benefit per cent of the payment went to persons who views of millions of Americans. Before period for unemployment compensation were covered under the 13 weeks of benefits it is too late, I hope that the House of be extended by an additional 26 weeks. which were extended as a result of a special Representatives will heed the warnings Recently, a resolution passed the session of the general assembly; and of such organizations. Rhode Island General Assembly memo­ Whereas, If these unemployed persons ex­ haust their extra-time benefits and are com­ Mr. Speaker, I insert in the RECORD rializing Congress "to enact such legis­ pelled to turn to welfare, then the states a copy of the full text of the statement by lation as would be necessary to extend will face increased unforeseen expenditures the Cooperative League: payment of benefits to unemployed work­ of staggering proportions; and STATEMENT OF THE COOPERATIVE LEAGUE OF THE ers by as much as 26 weeks with the Whereas, The causes of rising unemploy­ U.S.A. Federal Government assuming the entire m :mt ~re directly ·;;raceable to the trends of On no subject during its 55-year history cost." The complete text of the resolu­ the national economy which are molded by of working in behalf of rural and urban tion will follow my remarks. the policies of the federal government; and consumers has the Cooperative League of the On Tuesday, I wrote to the chairman Whereas, Since the causes are traceable to USA been more consistent then it has in of the House Committee on Ways and the federal government, the responsibility opposing high interest rates which strike at of bearing the cost rests directly with the the health of the entire national economy, Means asking that legislation of this federal government; and but especially at those on low and fixed in­ sort he acted on by the committee as Whereas, The states under such a fed­ come who are at least able to cope with the soon as possible. I have asked for the erally funded program should maintain con­ immediate devastating effects of any relaxa­ assistance of the committee in helping trol as to disbursement of the funds to the tion of interest rate controls. me draft legislation that will be ap­ unemployed and should be reimbursed for These include the young newly married plicable to all the States. full costs, including interest over the period couples seeking homes, the elderly trying to In my letter to the chairman I have of the next succeeding four years; and make it on small pensions, and the poor of Whereas, Institution of such a plan would: any age. outlined the basic proviSIOns which a) eliminate the transition of unemployed At its most recent biennial Congress in should be included in the bill. Following workers to the welfare rolls; b) remove the New York this position was restated in a the recommendations of the Rhode Is­ cost burden of unemployment benefit pay­ unanimous action when the Congress de­ land Department of Social Security and ments from the local employers to the fed­ clared: the request of Governor Licht, the legis­ eral government; and c) allow the federal "The Cooperative League believes that a lation will have these provisions: government to assume and extend over a high-interest, tight-money policy in no way That such benefits would be payable in longer period of time the cost of such a pro­ benefits the general welfare, but has the ef­ any State while the criteria for paying gram; now, therefore, be it fect of stifling economic activity and growth. Resolved, That the general assembly of the Cooperatives and small businesses are especi­ "extended benefits" are met. These cri­ State of Rhode Island and Providence Plan­ ally handicapped by such a policy, to the teria are, first, over 4 percent rate of tatio...ls hereby memorializes the Congress to detriment of the people they serve." insured unemployment for any 13-week enact such legislation as would be necessary Therefore, the Cooperative League of the period, and second, that rate equals or to extend payment of benefits to unemployed USA can only view with dismay the proposals exceeds 120 percent of the average rate workers by as much as 26 additional weeks to remove the long-established interest ceil­ for the same period in the preceding 2 with the federal government assuming the ing in the sale of $10 billion in long-term years. A time limitation could be placed entir~ cost; and be it further government bonds at a time when interest on the benefits instead of the above; Resolved, That the secretary of state be rates are declining for all types of govern­ and he hereby is authorized and directed to ment commitments. To reverse this policy in that is, payable until July 1, 1972. transmit duly certified copies of this reso­ this way will have a wide-ranging effect That the benefits would be paid by the lution to the senators and representatives throughout the economy that will cost every individual States from their unempiOy- from Rhode Island in said Congress. consumer in ways he cannot afford. Feb-ruary 2.5, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4043 WHAT OF THE DEMOCRATS? to define the broad outlines of a program for missioners, the Board of Education and many the future. of Tye's relatives and friends. Also present at It is perfectly clear that many of the old the 1uncheon were several of Tye's former 4-H HON. FLOYD SPENCE Democratic programs of the fifties and sixties club members. OF SOUTH CAROLINA are no longer relevant to the problems of Following an invocation by J. M. Price, vice today, let alone tomorrow. In 1960 there were president of the Board of Education, Master IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES only 44 grant-in-aid programs for the states; of Ceremonies, Bill Jackson, chairman of Thursday, February 25, 1971 now there are over 430; and even the Demo­ the Board of Education, led the distinguished cratic Governors are bewildered by their group of speakers in praising Tye's devotion Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Speaker, construc­ complexity and inefficiency. to duty and the outstanding job he has done tive criticism implies the possession of a In the short time since President Nixon for the county. . viable alternative by those who are doing first came forward with his welfare reform Board of Education member Lamar Walter the criticizing. In a New York Times bill, over 2 million people have been added read a resolution passed by the board th81t colwnn, James Reston accuses my col­ to the welfare rolls, at an additional cost of lauded Tye for "contributing to expanded $1.5 billion a year. educational services" and for having "served leagues on the other side of the aisle for President Nixon has at least seen that the needy and deprived, beyond the call of saying much but offering little. I cannot this is dangerous nonsense and put forward duty". help but agree with his analysis and sub­ a bold; if controversial, alternative that de­ Leon Zeigler, another board member said, mit his article as further evidence that serves to be voted up or down. As things "Our lives are much richer because Blll Tye the loyal opposition is doing little else but now stand, the Democrats are demanding, passed our way." opposing. We all eagerly await a sensible and quite right too, that the scandal of cam­ Chairman of the County Commissioners, Democrat solution or alternative to the paign expenditure be corrected, but they can­ ·Jim Blanchard, commented, "I have never President's proposals. So far, we have not agree on how this should be done; and worked with a man who was more dedicated beyond that, they have not even managed to his profession." only heard individual mutterings. t{) agree on how to pick their spokesmen if Principal speaker John Pierce Blanchard The article follows: they do get free time on television. said, "His life shall live across the continent WHAT OF THE DEMOCRATS? The last time the Democrats were out of and across the world." He added, "Men on the WASHINGTON, February 18-When Presi­ power, they at least recognized the problem battlefields of the world have been inspired dent Nixon came into the White House he and organized a kind of brain-trust outside by Mr. Tye and his good works and f,Ood said, "We were elected to initiate an era the Congress to question their old assump­ deeds transcend the boundaries of our coun­ of change. We intend to begin a decade of tions and write position papers on the main ty." government reform such as this nation has subjects coming up for decision. It wasn't Following Blanchard's remarks, Tye took not witnessed in half a century.... That is much, and Lyndon Johnson and Sam Ray­ the podium and for the next 30 minutes held the watchword of this Administration: burn resented the experiment, but it started the audience spellbound as he weaved his reform." the process of revision and even of thought way through his life before and after com­ His new health program for the nation, within the party. ing to Columbia County. Tye philosophized sent to Congress this week, is only the latest What the Democrats are doing now is about the past and future of the County evidence that he has kept his word. For more merely sniping at the President's programs giving his personal viewpoints and observa­ than a year now he has sent to Capitol Hill and often saying some damn silly things in tions. one innovative policy after another: on wel­ the process. Here is George McGovern, for About his relationship with Blanchard, Tye fare reform, revenue-sharing reform, govern­ example, normally a sensible man, procWm.­ said, "No county agent has ever enjoyed o. ment reform, postal reform, manpower re­ ing that Mr. Nixon is "flirting with World finer relationship with a school superintend­ form, Social Security reform, reform of the War III in Asia." And Ed Muskie calling in ent." He added that when he came to grant-in-aid system, and many others. Pittsburgh the other night for a "new coali­ Columbia County the Board of Education had It is not necessary to agree with his pro­ tion" cutting across lines of race, geography a budget of about half a million dollars per posals in order to concede that, taken to­ and economics. year and today it has grown to several million gether, they add up to a serious and im­ But to do what? In support of what pro­ dollars per year. pressive effort to transform the domestic grams? President Nixon has been singularly In closing, Tye told the story about how laws of the nation, all the more remarkable successful in ignoring old Republican taboos reluctant he was to come to Columbia Coun­ corning from a conservative Administration, and prejudices, and if you want to be cynical ty, but that he was never sorry after his and that they deserve a more serious and co­ about it, he may be putting up programs he feet once touched the ground. herent response than they have got so far knows the Democrats will probably knock Tye and his wife wm continue to live in from the Democratic party and the Demo­ down; but at least he has a program on the Columbia County. cratic majority in the Federal Congress. home front, which is more than you can say What is the Democratic party's alternative? for the Democrats. This we would like to know. There are alter­ natives from Democrats-a Kennedy alter­ native on health policy, the beginnings of a RETIREMENT OF MR. W. R. TYE LITHUANIA'S LOVE OF FREEDOM Wilbur Mills alternative to revenue sharing, ENDURES a Muskie alternative to Vietnam policy­ pick a date and get out--but as often as not HON. ROBERT G. STEPHENS, JR. the Democratic alternatives contradict one OF GEORGIA another, and the party as a whole seems to HON. CHARLES W. WHALEN, JR. be settling for the old political rule that it IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF OHIO is the business of the opposition party merely Thursday, February 25, 1971 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to oppose. A party out of office, of course, always Mr. STEPHENS. Mr. Speaker, Mr. Thursday, February 18, 1971 operates at a disadvantage. It lacks the au­ W. R. Tye, of Harlem, Ga., recently re­ Mr. WHALEN. Mr. Speaker, Americans thority and resources of the Presidency. It tired as Columbia County extension of Lithuanian origin and descent this is usually leaderless and broke. Its power is agent, a position which he held for 21 dispersed among the committee chairmen, week observe the 53d anniversary of the years. During this time, he very ably birth of the modem Republic of Lithu­ the rival candidates for Presidential nomina­ served the residents of Columbia County, tion, the Governors, and the National Com­ ania. mittee, the latter now meeting in Washing­ and his contributions to agriculture and That same observance will take place, ton. his service to youth will not be forgotten. if not publicly, then in the hearts and In the present case, the titular head of the Mr. Tye's ability and dedication to minds of those who continue to reside in Democratic party is Hubert Humphrey of his job brought him many friends and that small country on the amber shores Minnesota, a new boy in the back row of the admirers. I ask permission to insert in Senate. When the National Committee meets, of the Baltic Sea. Although they con­ the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the following tinue to be the victims of subjugation it usually concentrates on the party deficit article from The Columbia News. and President Nixon, both of which they find imposed by the Soviet Union, their love disagreeable. But so far, about all they have I include the article as follows: of freedom endures. been able to agree about is that they should RETmES AFTER 21 YEARS We in this House share that love of not tear each other apart in public, which, MARTINEz.-Columbia Countians gathered liberty and appreciate it all the more be­ come to think of it, is quite an achievement at the South Columbia Elementary School cause we have been able to preserve it for for Democrats. Tuesday to honor W. E. Tye, Columbia Coun­ almost 200 years. We also share the sor­ Nevertheless, hard as it is to get an opposi­ ty Extension Agent, who retired last week tion party to agree on what it stands for, it after 21 years of service to Columbia County. row that besets the many Lithuanians would be reassuring to think that they got County officials gathered at the luncheon both here and abroad at this particular together once in a while and at least tried included members of the Board of Com- time. 4044 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 25, 1971 The hope that the citizens of Lithu­ STATEMENT OF CONGRESSMAN maker services, day care facilities, family ania have for the recovery of their rights GILBERT GUDE BEFORE THE counseling services, protective services, fam­ ily assistance, and fa.Inily shelters, all of must be continued to be reinforced by DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CITY which could be used a.t a. time of family the United States. The Soviet Union thus COUNCIL ON THE SUBJECT OF stress, to prevent a. break-up which would far has proven intractable on this issue. JUNIOR VILLAGE put the children in Junior Village. I realize But our consistent refusal to recognize that most of these services are already finan­ the Russian seizure of the Baltic States cially strained, and are operating a.t full is a factual reminder to the Soviets that . HON. ANDREW JACOBS, JR. capacity. Therefore, I promise my vigorous we are aware of and concerned about OF INDIANA support of whatever additional funding is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES necessary to expand these services to the their unjust occupation of these Nations level where they can operate effectively to against their will. Thursday, February 25, 1971 prevent needless placement of children in Many Members of the House will take Junior Vllla.ge. this opportunity to commemorate Lithu­ Mr. JACOBS. Mr. Speaker, our col­ leag"..le Mr. GUDE recently appeared Second, a. central information and referral ania's 53d anniversary, Mr. Speaker. I service could be set up solely to provide 24- am pleased and honored to join my col­ before the District of Columbia City hr. telephone answering service for informa­ leagues on this occasion. Council to support some improvements tion or referrals for families in crises. Courts in the care of children at Junior Village. a.nd social workers could use such service to I commend Mr. GunE'S remarks to all learn of these other options if the decision is who are concerned with the welfare of made to remove the child from his home. children: Third, most of the administrators involved DORN COSPONSORS BILL TO PRO­ in foster home programs a.nd child or family Mr. Chairman: While I must acknowledge services agree that subsidized adoption would TECT IDGH SCHOOL AND COL­ the inherent drawbacks of institutional be a. very good idea.. Quite simply, subsidized LEGE FOOTBALL living which stem from the nature of most adoption means making it possible for poor, institutions, I a.m nevertheless very con­ but otherwise suitable adoptive parents, to cerned with the situation a.t Junior Village. accept permanent responsiblllty for children HON. WM. JENNINGS BRYAN DORN The problems of Junior Village are quite eligible for adoption. The City Council a.nd rightly the special concern of the D. C. Congress should consider this suggestion se­ OF SOUTH CAROLINA Council. riously. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Chairman Hahn, and members of the Fourth, I believe that the efforts to move Council, I am grateful f'Or the opportunity Thursday, February 25, 1971 as many children as possible out of Junior to appear a.t these public hearings on Junior Village into foster home settings should be Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, high school Village. I know that they will contribute continued. For a. great many children, this football is threatened today by profes­ much to our common goal of improving care is the most desirable alternative. sional football teams which telecast their of' the children. Certainly there will continue to be young­ games on Friday night. As a. member of the House District of sters whose problems are so severe that Columbia. COmmittee, I have long been con­ neither natural or foster homes can cope As a response to this problem, I have cerned with Junior Village and the problems with them. Junior Vlllage must be improved today joined my colleague from Wash­ in this city that have kept such a.n institu­ to provide more adequate institutional care ington

ESTIMATED NUMBER, AND ENROLLMENT, Of INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION , BY FINANCIAL STATUS, UNITED STATES, SPRING 1970 Based on the results ofthe Cheit sample survey, with institutions and enrollment weighted to represent their true proportions of total institutions and total enrollment, by type and control of institution]

All Not in Headed for In financial All Not in Headed for In financial· I nstit:Jtions by control and type institutions trouble trouble difficulty Institutions by control and type institutions trouble trouble difficulty·

Total institutions : I Enrollment-private: Number ______, ______2,340 800 1, 000 540 Number (in thousands) ______1, 935 240 790 Percent______905- 100 34 43 23 Percent______------___ 100 12 41 47 Total enrollment: Universities: Number (in thousands) ______·- --~ - 4, 000 1, 600 Number ____ .--- ______------_ 165 Percent______• __ _• 7, 300 1, 700 30 85 so. 100 23 56 21 Percent______------___ 100 19 15 ' 30 Enrollment-universities: Public institutions: Number (in thousands) ______2, 380 450 1,470 460 Number ______. ______·- Percent______--- ~ ___ 1, 170 580 500 so 100 19 62 19 Percent______. _! ______100 50 43 7 Liberal arts colleges: Enrollment- public: Number ______------__ ------730 210 310 210 Number(in thousands) ______. ______5, 330 1, 330 3,150 850 Percent______------100 29 43 28· Percent______·-_____ 100 25 59 16 Enrollment-liberal arts colleges: Private institutions: Number (in thousands>------{ 770 170 400 20()> Number ___------___ 1, 170 325 500 345 Percent______------__ --- 100 22 53 25- Percent______------______100 28 42 30 " 1. Total includes comprehensive colleges and 2-year colleges, but data for these types of insti­ the study. All numbers have been rounded, because precise numbers are not statistically: tutions are not shown separately, since there were relatively few of these institutions in the study significant. sample; total excludes specialized institutions of higher education, whi~h were not included in Source: Carnegie Commission on Higher Education staff.

PINANCIAL CLASSIFICATION OF 41 SELECTED U.S. Howard University The 18 colle~es and universities considerect COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES Meredith College "headed for financial trouble" are: The 12 schools found to be "not in finan­ Mills College Albion College cial trouble" at the time of the study are: Morgan State College Allegheny College College of San Mateo St. Cloud State College Carle't9n College . Flint Junior College University of North oarolina. Central Michigan University Gulf Coast Junior Oollege University of Texas City Colleges of Chicago Hamilton College Whitman College Cumberland College February 25, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4049 Harvard University "not in trouble" can expect severe problems In general, the study said, these institu­ Knox College if present trends continued. tions have undertaken "five strategies" to Mesa College Although most institutions have become lessen their financial plight: postponing, Ohio University "cost conscious," many have "not yet" done belt-tightening, m.a.rginal reallocations, Pomona College enough to reduce expenditures and increase scr-ambling for funds and "planning and Portland State University income. Still, the crisis is forcing a re-exami­ worrying." Syracuse University nation of educational "priorities." "Although many administrators recogni~e University of Chicago Campus disruptions have led to "impor­ the real possibility of severe crises ahead," University of Michigan tant" new costs "reasonably governable" and the study noted, "It seems fair to say that University of Minnesota Few, if any, college and university presi­ these strategies do not yet reflect a response University of Missouri dents interviewed in the study said they be­ to either the underlying causes of the finan­ University of Oregon lieve that the public understood their finan­ cial depression in higher education or to a These 11 colleges and universities a.re con- cial concerns. reexamination of the schools' missions or sidered "in financial difficult y" : To restore needed, public confidence, insti­ long run-prospects. Nor do they purport to Beloit College tutions must demonstrate that they are work major changes in the schools' structure Boston College "reasonably governable" and efficient and or character." Fish University that they have a "unifying set of purposes." Some institutions, the study said, "are Huston-Tillotson College In recent years, "the burden of proof of the wllling to gamble, believing that it would be New York University value of educational financing has shifted" a mistake to compromise heavily with the to t he institutions. present downturn. They believe a better St. Louis University strategy is to avoid major concessions until San Diego State College " ILLUSTRAT IVE" INSTITUTIONS they are necessary, for the ground thereby Stanford University The 411nstitutions are "illustrative" of the lost would be hard to recover." Tougaloo College principal types of colleges and universities, Tulane University said Dr. Cheit, who was formerly executive HEALTH CALLED "RELATIVE" University of California, Berkeley vice chancellor of the University of Cali­ Of the 41 institut ions in the study, 12 SoURcE: Earl F. Oheit, The New Depres­ fornia, Berkeley. Financial situation was not were rated "Not in trouble," including the sion in H i gher Educati on, McGraw-Hill, New considered in selecting them, he added. University of Texas, the University of North York (at press). After conducting interviews last May and Carolina, Hamilton College, Saint Cloud state reviewing data, Dr. Cheit and his staff placed College in Minnesota and Flint Community Junior College in Michigan. COLLEGE FINANCIAL CRISIS FOUND IN each institution in one of three categories: "Not in Trouble," "Headed for Trouble" and The study cautioned that the "relative CARNEGIE STUDY health" of the institutions in this group de­ (By M.A. Farber) "In Financial Difficulties." An institution was put in the "In Financial pended on continued support. "None," it A "new depression" has struck American Difficulty" category if it had already made, said, "are premanently shielded from a pro­ colleges and universities and their deepening or was about to make, cuts that "fairly longed downturn." financial plight can be overcome only by a judged" by the institution or Dr. Cheit "af­ The "Not in Trouble" institutions include massive national effort, according to a study fect essential services or quality." relatively more public than privat e institu­ released yesterday by the Carnegie Commis­ An institution that was able to meet cur­ tions; amon g the private schools the classi­ sion on Higher Education. Dr. Earl F. Cheit, rent responsibilities without reducing qual­ fications includes relative schools from the who directed the study for the commission, ity, but could not guarantee that standard South are more heaVily represented in this said an adequate effort to assure the sol­ or plan for growth, was classified as "Headed group, as are the two-year colleges. Among vency and growth of the institutions could for Trouble." the primarily black schools, those "Not in cost an additional several hundred million An institution that could meet its pres­ Trouble" are the large ones, and among the dollars more annually. ent quality and program standards, and plan liberal arts colleges in this category are the Dr. Clark Kerr, the commission chairman, ahead with some assurance, was labeled "Not smaller ones. warned that higher education was facing in Trouble." UNIVERSITIES IN DANGER "the greatest financial crisis it has ever had" The study emphasized that placement in The alarm over the fiscal crisis of the uni­ with two-thirds of the nation's colleges and a category did not reflect the "academic or versities, sounded by the Carnegie Commis­ universities either in grave financial dUll­ educational excellence" of any institution. sion on Higher Education, will shock even culty or headed that way. SOme institutions, it noted, were classified expert observers of the nation's campuses. If the institutions are to prosper, he said, "In Financial Difficulty" precisely because The issue is no longer one of emergency the Federal and state governments will have "good management is making the changes belt-tightening. The question now is how to contribute substantially more funds than necessary to remedy financial problems." long the majority of colleges and universi­ in the past. At the same time, the institu­ 11 SCHOOLS "IN DIFFICULT" ties wlll be able to discharge fulLy their duty tions must cut their costs and raise tuition to their students and to the country. Higher as much as is realistic. Dr. Cheit put 11 colleges and universities in the "In Financial Difficult y" category, in­ education is, in the words of Dr. Clark Kerr, The 250-page study, on which Dr. Kerr's the commission's chairman, "in its worst estimate was based, examined 41 private and cluding Stanford University, the University of California, Berkeley, New York University financial crisis" since it began on this conti­ public colleges and universities of all types nent 300 years ago. in 21 states and the District of Columbia and and Tulane University. James Hester, president of New York Uni­ The warning is based on a detailed study found that 70 per cent of these were either in of the fiscal condition of 41 selected cam­ financial difficulty or "headed for trouble." versity, objected yesterday to this classifica­ tion of his institution. He said the cuts made puses representing every institutional proto­ It is become increasingly eVident in recent type. The commission concludes that 500 years. at New York University were designed not to diminish the quality of the institution's institutions are already in acute financial The "essence" of the problem, the study program. dUllculty, while another 1,000 can be expected sa1d, is that costs and income are both ris­ The study itself said that N.Y.U. was a to move into that category in the near fu­ ing on the whole but costs are rising at a borderline case close to the "Headed for ture. Even Harvard, with its towering pres­ steady or a slowly growing rate while income Trouble" category. tige and high endowment, is among the uni­ is growing at a declining rate. Stanford also issued a statement in Palo versities found "headed for trouble." Indeed, "Either the schools must find more new Alto, Calif. yesterday underscoring the steps the great research universities, particularly money, or make cuts, or do both," the study that it was taking to retain quality while the private ones, are most seriously threat­ said. "These are the financial facts con­ cutting back some programs and services. ened. fronting most college and university admin­ The institutions in the "In Financial Dif­ Costs are rising at an ever-steeper rate, istrators." ficulty" group are distinguished by the fol­ while the universities' income from all Other key points in the study included: lowing characteristics, the study sa.ld: all sources is growing at a declining rate. In­ The financial crisis arose two or three years nine private institutions are deficit financ­ flationary pressures are entirely beyond the ago after a decade of "unprecedented" ex­ ing and the two public institutions are on institutions' control. Mounting costs of pansion that "may well have made" overex­ "stand-still" budgets, faculty and admin­ keeping up with the explosion of knowl­ tended institutions more vulnerable. istrative positions are being cut back or edge-expanding libraries, expensive com­ Decisions about reforming the institutions "frozen," student-faculty ratios are increas­ puters and laboratories, and the exploration in the next decade will be infiuenced more ing, instructional programs are being re­ of new fields of research-can be pared only by the institutions' financial situation than duced, budgets for campus research insti­ at the risk of a serious decline in scholar­ by any other single factor. . tutes are being lowered. ship and service. The roller-coaster course All types of institutions are affected by the Eighteen colleges and universities, includ­ of research support-up at times of pros­ crisis, with large, private universities in the ing Harvard _University, the ·university of perity and down at the first signs of reces­ most financial difficulty and public institu­ Chicago, the University. of Michigan and sion-makes staffing and budgeting chaotic. tions in the South and two-year community Syracuse University, were placed in the • • • • colleges in the least trouble. "Headed for 'I)"ouble" category. This cate• The colleges and universities themselves Most institutions are at an "intermediate" gory, the study said, is "typical of higher can take some immediate steps to improve level of di1llculty but even institutions rated education." their condition. In an atmosphere of opt!- 4050 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 25, 1971 mism and growth, some academic programs, small black colleges, and colleges in urban deficits this year should prove even higher. particularly on the graduate level, were ex­ settings. The income squeeze has been build­ The association coupled its detailed new re­ panded too rapidly in quest of quick prestige. ing up for a long time at private colleges, port on the sudden money crisis in higher ed­ Too little thought was given to the hus­ which also discovered in recent years that ucation with a strong plea for more federal banding of professorial time and talent. the new programs and generally higher aid. Excesses of afiluence-by no means con­ standards were not matched by larger gifts Of the 261 schools projecting 197o-71 defi­ fined to the management of higher educa­ and could not be offset by higher tuition. cits, the AAC said, 56 were expecting red-ink tion-ought to be corrected. But the impend­ The small black colleges, most of which have figures amounting to at least 8 per cent of ing disaster cannot be averted without the a history of poverty and anemic endowments, their operating budgets. For one unnamed rapid infusion of public funds, largely by the were especially vulnerable to the new squeeze school, the projected deficit was 29 per cent. Federal government. and suffered additionally from new competi­ The 540 schools in the survey-including The future capacity of higher education to tive pressures as the best of their faculty re­ those in the black-were expecting collec­ serve the country's youth, and the nation it­ ceived offers from institutions eager to inte­ tively a total net deficit of about $62 mlllion self, is in jeopardy at the very moment when grate. Urban schools generally have had to or 1.46 per cent of their combined operating its top priority ought to be the costly un­ bear higher student-aid costs. budgets, the AAC added. finished task of extending equal educational DEALING WITH DIFFICULTY This works out to an average deficit of about $115,000 per school. opportunities to the poor and deprived. The All of the schools in financial difficulty are surest way for a university to head for fiscal freezing or cutting back faculties, requiring FOUR YEARS COVERED trouble, warns Earl F. Cheit, director of the teachers to handle larger classes, and gen­ The survey covers four years back to study, is "aspiration for high quality-and a erally reducing instructional and research 1967-68, when the 540 schools enjoyed a cor­ social conscience." Yet the decline of the programs. New York University will have to responding average net surplus of $39,000. quality in teaching and research, and the borrow to cover a $5-million deficit this With costs rising and income lagging, this atrophy of the universities' social conscience, school year and it has also sold off some of average skidded to a $20,000 net deficit in would be a calamity for the nation's intel­ its assets to raise funds. Fisk carried a $1- 1968-69 and then plunged to a $103,000 defi­ lectual, social and economic future. million deficit last year and is using up en­ cit last year. dowment at a rate that will leave it with The AAC report, an analysis of responses to A PURELY ACADEMIC DEPRESSION none in three or four years. St. Louis Univer­ a confidential 16-page questionnaire this About two-thirds of the nation's colleges sity has closed its school of dentistry, four past year, complements a study released last and universities, with a total of some 5,600,- engineering departments, and a science month by the Carnegie Higher Education 000 students, are either in financial difficulty school. At Berkeley the student-faculty ratio Commission. or headed for it. That estimate was made re­ is increasing, the number of graduate stu­ '!'he Carnegie staff, expanding on a close cently by the staff of the Carnegie Commis­ dents and teaching assistants is being re­ look at 41 campuses, concluded that some sion on Higher Education; the estimate was duced, and planned faculty raises have been 540 private and public institutions were "in based on a report prepared for the commis­ canceled. financial difficulty" with 1,000 more headed sion and the Ford Foundation by Earl F. The eighteen institutions "headed for fi­ that way. Cheit, a professor of business administration nancial difficulty" include such national re­ The AAC limited its survey to private four­ at Berkeley-where he was once an adminis­ search-oriented universities as Harvard, Chi­ year colleges and universities, though its trator (executive vice chancellor). The Cheit cago, and Michigan; liberal-arts colleges such roughly 900 members include public insti­ report, entitled The New Depression in Higher as Carleton and Pomona; and the City Col­ tutions too. It reported about a 75 pE'r cent Education, is based on detailed on-site cam­ leges of Chicago. The schools on this list are response to the questionnaire, and said the pus interviews at a sample of forty-one in­ by definition not reducing basic educational results reliably reflect private campuses all stitutions, ranging from large private univer­ quality to stay solvent, but they are trimming over the country, small and large, independ­ sities like Harvard to small two-year public expenses, raising tuition, and scrambling ent and church-related. community and parochial colleges. The report harder for private contributions. At Harvard, Together, these two reports will be basic will be published this month. expenses grew at a rate of $12 million a year ammunition for the academic establishment Cheit divided the forty-one selected schools during the 1960's, triggering cutbacks that in seeking greater federal support in the and universities into three categories: "in have "severely weakened" the administration months ahead. Congress will be tackling financial difficulty," "headed for financial dif­ of the School of Education, School of Design, new legislation to replace expiring higher ficulty," or "not in financial difficulty." In­ and Divinity School. Other parts of the uni­ education aid measures as well as appropria­ stitutions were put in the first category if versity, including its famed medical school, tions for the year starting July 1. financial problems had forced them to give are now similarly threatened. GRANTS FOR FACILITIES up services or programs earlier considered The University of Chicago expects a deficit essential. Those "headed for financial diffi­ this year that will require it to spend en­ Schools in the AAC survey most frequently culty" either could not count on continuing dowment principal. The university has re­ .said they favor federal grants for new facili­ current services or programs or could not cently moved heavily and expensively into ties. In descending order, they also prefer plan for reasonable program growth. community service and is under pressure to general-use institutional grants, grants to Dr. Cheit found that most chancellors, pay for neighborhood day-care centers. In students, facilities loans, a federally sup­ presidents, provosts, and deans trace the be­ addition, campus concern about pollution ported student loan bank, other student ginning of their financial difficulties to the has caused the school to shift operating fuels loans, income tax credits, for students, inter­ last three or four years, when several things from coal to gas at an added cost of $2 mil­ est subsidies, and categorical grants for re­ happened at once: there was a decline in the lion a year. Little Knox College, in central search and other specific programs. rate of income growth, an increase in the IlUnois, is suffering from increased competi­ Favored least, in fact opposed by many range of activities considered desirable on schools, is federal aid channeled through tion with the University of Illinois and has state governments. campus--many more expensive graduate pro­ had to pay heavily for a variety of staff costs i grams were initiated, for example-and a rise associated with the need to head off campus The AAC survey confirms that higher edu­ in academic standards. In short, costs rose disturbances. cation's costs are soaring on all sides, from faculty salaries to added services, with in­ rapidly while income rose slowly. The twelve schools and universities that In response to this new condition, which are not in financial difficulty include only flation providing a relentless updraft. t' came hard on the heels of lush days earlier It reports that schools everywhere were two large research-oriented universities, both scrambling to boost tuition and step up i in the decade, schools first declined new obli­ of which are state-supported-Texas and gations, then scaled down new activities, then fund-raising, and all too frequently were dip­ North Carolina. Texas is an exceptional case ping into their endowments to make ends reduced costs, such as maintenance, that because, in addition to its public support, it were not central to the academic program­ meet. It also notes that some schools ap­ has been endowed with some oil-rich land­ peared to be covering deficits for the moment and finally made cuts in the academic pro­ holdings. With the exception of Howard Uni­ gram itself. Cheit says his classifications are by applying tuition income received for serv­ versity, a medium-sized, predominantly black ices yet to be rendered. not intended to be judgments of the quality school, all the rest are small. In general, of programs in different schools or, for that Schools raising tuition rates while admit­ Cheit has indicated, he found it harder to ting more disadvantaged students needing matter, the quality of management. "In any account for certain schools not being in fi­ given case a school could be 'in financial dif­ financial help are putting an ever-heavier nancial difficulty these days than to explain strain on their student aid budgets, the AAC ficulty' precisely because it has good manage­ why others are in difficulty. ment which is making the changes necessary said. i SOME SCHOOLS CRITICIZED to remedy financial problems." PRIVATE COLLEGES: DEFICITS ExPECTED Among the eleven institutions in the sam­ The report, written by AAC Research Di­ ple judged to be in financial difficulty are (By Eric Wentworth) rector William W. Jellema, criticizes a num­ such prestigious schools as Stanford and the Two hundred sixty one private colleges ber of schools for "unwarranted optimism" University of Cali~ornia at Berkeley, as well and universities among 540 in a nationwide in projecting increased income this year from as New York University and Fisk University survey were expecting deficits before the tuition or gifts. (which is one of the most prominent of the current academic year began the Association It says that while some individual schools predominantly black schools). What is of Ame!"lican Colleges reported yesterday. might increase tuition income by a "heroic notable about these eleven is the dispro­ Some schools appeared too optimistic, the effort" to enroll more students, such im­ portionate representation of private colleges, AAC warned, a.nd the actual number with provement was impossible on a national scale.

.. February 2.5, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4051 "There are simply not enough s·tudents years, but the 180 janitors and ground­ atlng funds despite a drive by the 385 available of the academic quality that these keepers will be reduced through attrition by students. colleges and universities have traditionally 10 annually for the next few years. Other small schools, including Franklin admitted to make such optimistic projections "The grass may not be mowed quite as and Marshall in Lancaster, Pa., and John F. come true," the report warns. often," said Foster Jaocbs, who is in charge Kennedy College in Wahoo, Neb., are strug­ The AAC was equally skeptical about of the physical plant, "offices may be cleaned gling to meet the dollar demands of rapidly schools expecting sudden upswings in gift every other day and the snow won't be accumulating deficits in what the Carnegie income. A numbe!" of schools, it reported, shoveled quite as fast." Commission on Higher Education calls the "project a rise in unrestricted gift and grant RENTS EXPECTED TO RISE "new depression." income of 25 per cent for 197D-71 even though So far, they have been successful. But The­ Rents for university-owned housing will odore Dillon, the president at Kennedy, noted their income from this source had declined probably increase 10 per cent and salary the previous year by nearly 6 per cent." yesterday, "We're gaining some ground but raises will be hard to come by. About 20 it's such a long road." The report says it appeared that schools faculty members may also be dismissed. with smaller deficits tended to count on in­ ~Dr. Jenny, who made a long study of col­ At Notre Dame, officials let some teaching lege financing, said, "The market will cer­ creased income while those with large red­ vacancies go unfilled and tenure, promotions ink figures sought to balance their books tainly weed out some of the smaller aca­ and contract renewals were scrutinized very demically weak and less financially sound in­ with spending cuts. carefully. "There's a certain feeling that While the average 197D-71 budget pro­ stitutions." But he thought conditions would there has been a little carelessness at times ease substantially within three to five years. jected by the 540 schools was $115,000 in in the past," said the provost, the Rev. James deficit, the AAC said enrollment size led to T. Burtchaell. CANADIAN JOBS EYED marked variations. Schools with 500 students The university's communication arts and Some unemployed instructors, meanwhile, or less expected on average a deficit of $41,- computing science departments have also said they would leave the country; a number 000, but those with more than 4,000 students been discontinued. for Canada where, they said, many positions expected an average $558,000 deficit. Stanford has adopted a four-year budget­ were open. cutting plan. This year that meant reduc­ Other professors will assume heavier teach­ COLLEGES OVER U.S. CUTTING SERVICES tions in spending on things "good to do but ing loads. But that, in turn, will require a SOME ALSO REDUCING FACULTY, AND A FEW not necessary," and it aroused some hostility serious re-thinking of their entire approach SMALL SCHOOLS ARE EXPECTED TO CLOSE among the faculty. to teaching the course-a development many (By Andrew H. Malcolm} Seven branches lost budget funds, includ­ view as healthy. ing humanities and sciences ($241,641), med­ For administrators, Penn State's vice presi­ The nation's colleg~s and universities, icine ($220,000), and the overseas campuses dent for finance, Robert A. Patterson, said, severely pinched between rapidly escalating ($91,000). the tough times have encouraged more so­ costs and lagging incomes, are adopting a The University of California at Berkeley phisticated methods of programing, plan­ wide range of strict economy measures. The will lose 100 faculty members in the next ning and budgeting plus an increased aware­ steps range from abolition of departments fiscal year unless the state's budget pro­ ness of the need for efficiency and produc­ and reductions in faculty to cutba~ks in tivity. snow shoveling and lawn mowing. posals are increased. Faculty pay has not been Inflation, cuts in Federal spending and raised. There is a freeze on hiring. And out­ During the more affiuent times, added Ray of-state travel bas been banned, Bacchetti, Stanford's associate provost, col­ dwindling endowment incomes from invest­ Evening and weekend library hours have leges were not self-critical enough and rarely ment portfolios have brought to many been shortened and the library's card cata­ examined every proposal and program with schools t he first serious retrenchment and logues are months out of date for lack of the crucial question: why? Now they must. deficits since the Depression 40 years ago. help. For most of these institutions, large and New York University's faculty has been al­ small, public and private, the golden days of lowed to decrease by 5 per cent, officials said. the late 1950's and early 1960's, when budgets All building renovations have been halted. got minimal scrutiny and growth was "taken The maintenance budget was cut 10 per cent LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY for grant ed, are gone. and telephone service reduced 20 per cent. Many educators in a series of interviews A shuttle bus service between campuses was across the country said the economy moves also eliminated. had not yet seriously affected the over-all HON. JOSEPH P. ADDABBO quality of higher education, although they AUSTERITY AT COLUMBIA might begin to in a year or two. In some In addition, some special, non self-support­ OF NEW YORK more serious cases, they said, a few smaller ing academic prograins, mostly in the School IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES schools were expected to close. of Continuing Education, died. Thursday, February 25, 1971 Many of these administrators and teachers "We've squeezed everything possible but said, however, that despite the immediate quality," said the school's chancellor, Allan Mr. ADDABBO. Mr. Speaker, last budgetary deficits and headaches, the current M. Cartter. week the Congress marked the observ­ Spartan era might in the long· run actually Faced with a current $15-million deficit, ance of the 53d anniversary of the estab­ improve college educations by forcing more Columbia University's new president, Dr. Wil­ educational self-analysis, increased admin­ liam J. McGill, spept a major part of his first lishment of the modern Republic of istrative and instructional efficiency and bet­ months in office designing a five-year auster­ Lithuania. In addition to this annivers­ ter long-range planning. ity plan that will mean, among other things, ary, it also observes the 720th annivers­ TUITION-RISE PROBLEMS elimination of the School of Arts' theater arts ary of the formation of the Lithuanian division. While "pinching their millions," as one State when Mindaugas the Great uni­ university officer put it, colleges have special A faculty reduction and an end to a "sig­ fied all Lithuanian principalities into nificant" number of courses in the 28 aca­ one kingdom in 1251. difficulties. For example, tuitions, which demic departments of arts and sciences have cover only a portion of the actual educa­ also been announced. Both Houses of the Congress have re­ tional costs, anyway, can only be raised so At Yale, heating has been turned off dur­ cently adopted resolutions calling for much before a school prices itself out of freedom for the people of Lithuania, the economic range of a desirable mix of ing weekends in buildings not being used, students. and construction of a 10-story building for Latvia, and Estonia, lndicating our con­ Ricardo Mestres, treasurer and a vice presi­ surgery and obstetrics has been postponed cern ior captive peoples and our sym­ dent of Princeton University, said that un­ indefinitely. pathy for their desire for liberation. The like many industries also encountering eco­ Penn State has eliminated foreign travel, importance of the intent of Congress and nomic probleins, "higher education cannot all but emergency overtime, some mainte­ the annual commemoration of this an­ offset inflation by increased productivity or nance and all classes with fewer than eight niversary is the reaffirmation of our un­ automation." students. derstanding of the plight of oppressed The results have been cutba~ks wherever College edl,!cators are aware of the poten­ people anywhere in the world and our possible. tial effects of such cutbacks. Dr. Roger w. Princeton, for instance, is faced with a Heyns, Berkeley's chancellor, said: "It takes determination never to forget these possible $5.5-million deficit next year. To a long time to get a reputation like ours, people. trim this, tuition is expected to rise, for the but only a short time for that reputation to As the leader of the free world, we fourth straight year, by $300 to $2,800. The go down the drain." Few, however, see any have an obligation to remember those over-all staff of 3,200 will be chopped by more choice at present. who are less fortunate and who live un­ than 100 persons by attrition and dismissals. Dr. Hans H. Jenny, vice president for fi­ der the rule of tyranny. That is the The computer center's $2-million budget, nan{:e and business of the College of Wooster purpose of our participation in these among others, was cut by $185,000 and the (Ohio) said, "Some pruning of the educa­ library's present $4.6-milllon allocation was tional tree is definitely in order." anniversary ceremonies and that is frozen, although enrollment will grow by Just last month John J. Pershing College why I urge the President to take all ap­ 200. in Beatrice, Neb., closed when trustees at propriate steps to ~ake our positnon Seven new buildings opened in recent the four-year-old institution ran out of oper- known ih the world comniunity. CXVII--255-Part 3 4052 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 25, 1971 CITY MOURNS LOSS OF BELOVED to your community, and extend to you my PRISON INMATES STUDY AT OFFICER personal good wishes on your plans for re­ HAGERSTOWN JUNIOR COLLEGE tirement from the Alameda Pollee Depart­ ment." HON. GEORGE P. MILLER Mr. Hansen is survived by his wife of 37 years, Mary Beth, of the family home at 3110 HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON OF CALIFORNIA Adams St., and a. son, William Hansen, 25, OF MARYLAND IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Merritt College student. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, February 25, 1971 In his career before serving on the Ala­ meda Police Force, he also served as a spe­ Thursday, February 25, 1971 Mr. Mn.LER of California. Mr. cial investigator for Earl Warren, then Ala­ Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, a highly Speaker, in this day and age when our meda. County district attorney. commendable program of education for youth look at the police with such And he held the Legion of Honor Award from the Order of DeMolay, honorary life inmates at the Maryland Correctional derision, I wish to bring to the atten­ membership in the California Congress of Training Center in Hagerstown has been tion o.f my colleagues an article about the Parents-Teachers Association, and was a started. The program started with an a police officer who was loved and re­ founder of the Northern California Juvenile English course given by Miss Rachel spected by children and adults alike. Officers Association . Sheetz to 11 of the inmates at the .. Tiny" Hansen was the epi·tome of the The greatest tribute to Hansen, after his training center. At the present time six good police officer. He had a rapport with death, was paid by a fellow Alameda police prisoners are studying as regular stu­ children that was exceptional and it was officer, perhaps. dents at the Hagerstown Junior College. a relationship that continued even after "'Tiny' was an officer's officer," he said The prisoners are treated the same as his retirement. His career was long and simply. any other college students and are doing distinguished, and the following article very well in their course work. They re­ by Everett Johannes which appeared in LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY turn to the training center in the eve­ the Alameda Times-Star recently, ex­ ning. This is an outstanding program. presses more eloquently than I ever Too often prisons have existed as more could, the excellence of this fine indi­ HON. CHARLES C. DIGGS, JR. repositories of human beings; now, a vidual: real effort is being made to train prison­ OF MICHIGAN CITY MOURNS Loss OF BELOVED OFFICER ers for the world outside. These efforts IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (By Everett Johannes) should be encouraged. He was a big man, standing six foot four, Thursday, February 18, 1971 The following articles written by and he did a big job during his 24 years on Mr. DIGGS. Mr. Speaker, over 30 years Bernie Hayden in the Hagerstown Morn­ the Alameda police force. have passed since the Soviet-Russian ing Herald chronicle the successes of this Probably no pollee officer in Alameda's his­ program: tory was more respected than Willta.m N. occupation of the Baltic State of Lithu­ ania first began in June 1940. [From the Hagerstown (Md.) Morning "Tiny" Hansen, who died Saturday of a Herald, Feb. 15, 1971 l heart ailment at the age of 66. Since that time, Lithuanians have During his long service as an Alameda waged continuous organized resistance SIX MEN ARE STUDENTS BY DAY, PRISONERS police officer, Hansen captured the imagina­ movements against foreign occupation BY NIGHT tion of hundreds of Alameda school children forces, both the Nazis of Germany in (By Bernie Hayden) through his work with the Junior Traffic 1941, and the Soviet occupation forces At 7:30 each weekday morning six inmates Patrol. at the Maryland Correctional Training Cen­ He served for 17 years as Alameda Police before and since. The resistance has been ter cllmb into a prison bus. After a 15-min­ Juvenile Officer and he had a special fond­ through both armed guerrilla warfare, ute drive the vehicle pulls to a stop at ness for the children he worked with and which ended in 1952, and since that time, Hagerstown Junior College. The six prisoners guided during that period. resistance by passive means. step out of the bus and into the academic A native of Bakersfield, he came to Ala­ The Soviet persecution of dissenters world of books and final exams. meda in 1937 and was to remain the rest of continues, exemplified by the Simas The six are pioneers in a revolutionary his life here. Kudirka-Coast Guard tragedy, and death educational program that began in Septem­ He began service as an Alameda pollee of­ ber. They are getting an education and ficer in 1937 and stayed on the job until a sentences imposed on two Jews and a adjusting to the world outside while serving heart a.llment forced his retirement in 1961. Lithuanian, Vytautas Simokaitis, for time for armed robbery, assault and other trying to escape from Communist rule. BOOSTER crimes. The United States still maintains dip­ "This goes past the stage of just serving A big booster of Alameda, he belonged to the Masons, the Shrine, Royal Arch Ma­ lomatic relations with the former free time," says Bill T., a 26-year-old Baltimorean sons-and once played football for the Ala­ Government of Lithuania, refusing to who dropped out of school after the eighth recognize the forced "incorporation" of grade. "Now I see that I do have the ab1lity meda Elks in charity games. to get a college education." He had a particular hold on the im.a.gina­ Lithuania into the Union of Soviet So­ The six student-prisoners completed at tion of AlBimeda youngster because of his un­ cialist Republics. All U.S. Presidents least one year of college work at the prison, derstanding of their views and also because since the Soviet takeover of Lithuania where HJC teachers have been offering col­ he was a man they could look up to. in 1940 have restated our Nation's non­ lege courses since June 1969, before they After his retirement from the police force, recognition policy of the occupation of started commuting to the campus last he worked for a sporting goods company and also was manager of an Alameda. a.pa.rtmen t Lithuania by Soviet Russia. September. This month, Americans of Lithuanian Their tuition, fees and books are paid house. with state and federal funds through the But his lifelong interest was in children. descent or origin are commemorating Maryland Department of Education. All six As juvenile officer in the city, he was known two important anniversaries. The first is earn money for incidental expenses by work­ for his dedication to the youngsters. the 720th anniversary of the formation ing 12 hours a week at the college. He not only handled immediate cases in­ of the Lithuanian state when Mindaugas The young men say they live a "Dr. volving juveniles but made it a point to "fol­ the Great unified all the Lithuanian Jekyll and Mr. Hyde existence" aa college low up" on the cases and make certain the students during the day and prison inmates children kept on the straight and narrow principalities into one kingdom in 1251. The second anniversary is the 53d anni­ at night. path. "These fellows don't look any different or The high esteem in which he was held is versary of the establishment of the mod­ act any different from the other students," borne out by letters he received at the time ern Republic of Lithuana on February says Miss Elizabeth Sheetz, professor of of his retirement from the Police Depart­ 16, 1918, an independent government lost English. ment. in 1940. "Just what are we old-timers going to do They wear casual clothes and shaggy hair, with you off the police force?" Congressman Let us join with the over 1 million like college students everywhere. They take George P. Miller wrote to him. Americans of Lithuanian origin in the the same courses the other students take and "Driving into my parking place back of commemoration of these two anniver­ accompany their classes on field trips. They participate in extracurricular activities. the City Hall will never be the sB~me without saries, insisting that the Soviet Russian your cheerful greetings." But at 5 each afternoon they must return colonial empire extend freedom and in­ to the Work Release Center down the road SERVICE dependence to the peoples of Lithuania, from MCTC on Maryland 3. All college ac­ And Assemblyman Robert W. Crown wrote: Latvia, Estonia, and other captive na­ tivities that take place 1n the evenings or "May I take this opportunity to commend tions unjustly occupied and denied their on weekends are closed to them. There are no you on your many years of diligent service places among the world's nations. dates, no dances, no basketball games. February 25, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4053 .• There are other things that remind them The project is the only full-time college prison ofilcials are strait-jacketed With funds that they are still prisoners. No special study program in the Maryland prison system, ac­ that were never meant to finance college facilities are provided. They have no access cording to Wagely, and one of a handful in training. to a library at night. the nation. "What are they going to do With us now?" The sound of ping pong games and radios Courses in English, political science, his­ asks Larry W., one of seven inmates sched­ makes concentration difilcult. "I can't go tell tory, geography, psychology, speech and uled to get degrees in May. my next do01: neighbor to turn off his radio-­ mathematics are offered Mi MCTC, according Their futures are in the hands of their he llves here," Larry W., 23, a native of Bal­ to Marvin Grove, coordinator of the college parole boards, but there is no guarantee that timore says. program. they will be released. And MCTC has no sure Each prisoner has his own room, and no The teachers offer the same courses they way of helping them if they're not paroled. visiting is allowed. If two of them want to teach at HJC. The inmates, however are able "In instances where the graduates are not study together, one must sit in the hall out­ to absorb more informMiion than regular eligible for a parole, we'll request an early side the other's room, in order to comply students, says Mrs. Patricia Berry, assistant parole hearing," says Paul Wagely, MCTC's With prison rules. professor of geography and history. "They're assistant superintendent in charge of edu­ "You're trusted enough to go out to the great. They're so interested and involved,'' cation. college, but then they come right along and she says. If they are not paroled, there is a possi­ open your Christmas packages because they "I work them harder than the HJC classes," blllty they could be transferred to a new vo­ don't trust you," complains Tony W., a 21- Miss Sheetz says proudly. "They•re far in cational rehabllitation faclllty in Baltimore, year-old Delaware native who carries a 3.3 advance of the average HJC student." The in­ where they would be close to four-year col­ grade average on 4.0 scale. mates always have their assignments com­ leges, Wagely says. Despite the less-than-ideal study condi­ pleted on time, she continues, and they never Otherwise, the inmates Will have to con­ tions, the students maintain good to excel­ "make excuses." tinue serving their sentences at MCTC-their lent grades and Win praise from their teach­ The six inmates who commute to HJC educations halted in midstream. ers. "The work they do is just really terrific," agree that classes at the prison are more To remove the uncertainty, Marvin Grove, . says Miss Sheetz, who has worked With the lively and stimulating than classes on cam­ coordinator of the college program, would prisoners since the college first began offer­ pus. Many HJC students are unenthusiastic like to see new guidelines set up to guar­ ing courses at MCTC in 1969. "I've never been about college education, they say. antee the progress of inmates in the pro­ disappointed in them one day." But at MCTC, the inmates know they are gram. If an inmate successfully completed Larry, a high school dropout serving the getting an unusual opportunity and they his freshman year of college at the prison, third year of a 15-year sentence for armed make the best of it. The teachers are bom­ he would automatically be allowed to take robbery, is on the dean's llst with an excep­ barded with questions. The students don•t courses at the HJC campus, Grove believes. tional 3.5 a grade average. If he Wins a parole, dash for the door when class is over. When the inmate received his AA degree, he wants to transfer his HJC credits to Allan Powell, director of the divis:i.on of he would automatically be paroled, Grove Towson College, where he will major in both humanities at HJC, says that in his first class says. And funds would be available for him psychology and sociology. Later, he hopes to of 21 students, 18 received A's and B's-----6ll to continue his education at a four-year col­ continue working for a master's degree and "legitimately-earned grades." "I didn't have lege. a doctorate. one experience in the two years I was in­ But Grove's plan is stymied by one thing­ Despite his outstanding academic work, volved in the program that was unpleasant," lack of money, and, perhaps more important­ Larry was not accepted by Phi Beta Kappa, Powell says. ly, lack of the right kind of money. a national honorary society. As a prisoner Classes have to be scheduled carefully be­ Most of the funds for the program comes he does not meet their standards of good cause only one cla&sroom is available for the from the federal Elementary and Secondary citizenship, Larry says. program. No facilities for laboratory sciences, Education Act, which was not meant to fi­ The inmates agree, however, that the other usually required in the freshman year of nance college programs at prisons. students have accepted them With hardly a college, are available. Students over 21 are not eligible for ESEA second thought, but the adjustment to cam­ Because only a limited number of courses, money, so that rules out many of the MCTC pus life was not easy. "I was kind of super­ may be offered, the college sometimes waives inmates who could benefit from a college ed­ sensitive--almost paranoid," Larry says. the normal prerequisites, Grove says. For in­ ucation. "The reaction of the kids is what bowled stance, students may take Political Science Since five of the six inmates attending me over," says Carl Galligan, an HJC coun­ 102 before they take Political Science 101. classes at HJC are over 21, their tuition is selor who works With the prisoners. "Our The prisoners must meet the same admis­ being paid With state and federal money kids have accepted them as students." sions requirements as regular HJC students­ channeled through the Division of ·Vocation­ All six of the inmates expect to graduate a high school diploma or an equivalency cer­ al Reh&billtation of the Maryland Depart­ with Associate of Arts degrees in May. If tificate. But the prison administr81tion care­ ment of Education. they are paroled they may transfer their fully screens applicants for the program, But vocational rehabilltation funds are credits to a four-year college or university looking for ab111ty antl a sincere desire to get supposed to be used for vocational training, and continue working for a bachelor's de­ an education. not college training. Those funds will prob­ gree. In September the prison administration ably not be avail&'ble in the future to ball They have made friends and learned that decided to allow the "six best students" in out inmates who can't use ESEA money, they can succeed. "Their whole outlook has the program to attend classes at HJC so they Wagely says. changed. They are entirely different men," would have a broader selection of courses and The prospects for more money-and the Miss Sheetz says. "This is a part of re­ an opJX>rtunity to adjust to life outside the right kind of money--fieem dim. The pro­ habmtation. When they go back into society institution. gram will probably remain at its present size, you don't want them to be loners." The students taking courses at MCTC are with about 251nmates taking HJC courses at Larry explains, "You're forced to accept the subject to the "same rules and regulations as the prison and another six studying on the responsibiUty of acting responsible." regular college students. They maintain campus, Wagely says. averages or they•re out," Grove says. Four of "The state does not fund this sort of thing [From the Hager&town (Md.) Morning the 25 studeDJts at the prison made the dean's and they have not indicated that they would Herald~ Feb. 16, 1971] list last semester with grade averages of 3.2 be receptive" to doing it in the future, he MARYLAND CORRECTIONAL TRAINING CENTER or higher on a 4.0 scale. One of the six re­ says. INMATES OUTDO AVERAGE HAGERSTOWN teased students also made the dean's list. Wagely estimates th81t about 5 per cent or JUNIOR COLLEGE PUPILS Only one inmate has flunked out of the 250 of the 5,000 inmates in the Maryland (By Bernie Hayden) program so far, although some have asked prison system could benefit !rom a college to be dropped and others have been paroled. Inm81tes at the Maryland Correctional education. Others think the number might Training Center "were carrying out for edu­ be higher. "There's a vast amount of in­ cation. Their minds were as sharp as tacks," [From the Hagerstown (Md.) Morning telligence roaming around inside those says Miss E11za.beth Sheetz, professor of Herald, Feb. 17, 1971] walls," says James VanDeusan, a former in­ EngLish at Hagerstown Junior College. mate who is now editor of the student news­ INMATES GET DEGREES, Go BACK TO paper at HJC. Miss Sheets taught a college-level English PRisoN course to 11 inmates at MCTC in June 1969. Yet only 31 inmates in Maryland are par­ "I was asked to start the program and see (By Bernie Hayden) tiolpa.ting in a full-time college program. how it would work," she says. The 31 inmates in the Maryland Correc­ "I'm a little alarmed at the attitudes of It worked better than anyone had expected. tional Training Center's college program face the omctals in the state of Maryland,'' says Less than two years later 25 inmates are a dead end when they get their Associate of Kenneth Kerle, assistant professor of politi­ taking six courses at the minimum-security Arts degrees from Hagerstown Junior College. cal science at HJC. The voters "stm think the prison. Six other 1nmates have been taking And the program itself, less than two years way to stop crime is to put more police on courses at the HJC campus since September. old, may have reached a dead end, too, sty­ the streets," he adds. Kerle and Grove think "The men were pleased to be given an op­ mied by inadequate funding. the way to stop crime is through education. JX>rtunity and they lived up to our expecta­ The inmates have no assurance that they'll "They've been trying revenge since the be­ tions,'• says Paul Wagely, director of the be able to continue their education after ginning of time, and it hasn't worked," says MCTC educational programs. their first two years of college study and Larry. 4054 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 25, 1971 [From the Hagerstown (Md.) Morning service prior to 1958. This is especially special Executive Board meeting Monday Herald, Feb. 19, 1971] important at a time when we are trying morning at Society headqwarters, 100 S. Elm­ wood Ave. Diocesan Union President Thomas ENTITLED TO A BREAK to make the military more attractive to T. Ka.zm.iercmk presLded at the meeting. The A series of articles by Morning Herald staffer volunteers. Unlon represents more than 100,000 Cathollcf Bernie Hayden offers convincing evidence In the 1968 campaign, President Nixon men in the Western New York area. that some young men who have erred in pledged his support for recomputation earlier days now want to return to society of retired military pay. I believe that our Mr. Speaker, the excellent prepared better educated and wiser. congressional responsibility for the mo­ statement by Judge Kasler before our The articles described progress being made rale and welfare of the men and women subcommittee in December 1969 is as by inma,tes of the Maryland Correctional timely today as it was on the day it was Training Center in Hagerstown Junior Col­ serving in the active service as well as lege courses. Some of them are permitted to those who have completed their careers made. Following is the text: attend classes on the campus, others go requires that ·we implement this long STATEMENT BY CITY JUDGE THEODORE S. to school at the training center. overdue change. KASLER In any event, these young men who failed For the record, Mr. Chairman, I am Theo­ to take advantage of educational opportuni­ dore S. Kasler, an Associate Judge of the City ties earlier in life are now making up for Court of Buffalo, New York, and I want 1;o lost time. BUFFALO CITY COURT JUDGE IS thank you for granting me this opportunity Some of them have even made the dean's HONORED BY CATHOLIC GROUP to address your subcominittee. list. Most of them have better than a vera.ge At the outset, let me indicate that my grades. problem and that of all trial Judges, whether But their futures could be in jeopardy. they be on the federal,. state, county or mu­ After they receive their associate of arts HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI OF NEW YORK nicipal level, is in the interpretation of the degree, then what? There's no guarantee they obscenity laws, as governed by the inter­ Will be able to continue their education IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pretations of the United States Supreme after two years of college classes for the Thursday, February 25, 1971 Court, the various Circuit Courts of Appeal, reason some of them will still be in the cus­ and the various Appellate Courts on the tody of the state unless they win paroles. Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, The 1971 State level. It would seem that these young men who Patriots' Day Award of the Buffalo Dioc­ It is also obvious to the committee that are paying their debts to society are en­ esan Union of Holy Name Societies has all the State laws, and even the proposed titled to a break. Their eagerness to acqUire been presented to Buffalo Cilty Court bill which is before your committee now, college educations is testimony of their de­ Judge Theodore S. Kasler. being number HR 10867, are synthesized from termination to lead useful lives. Parole offi­ these Court decisions, and until each new cials should seriously consider their release He was honored in recognition of his efforts to suppress pornography both in law is finally tested by the United States after having studied and gotten along so Supreme Court, no trial Court can ever be well during two years of higher education. his current role on the court and in his sure of its true meaning. previous position as assistant corpora­ The nature of the problem which is the tion counsel. subject of the bill under consideration by Judge Kasler was a key wiltness before your committee is one which has caused VEYSEY INTRODUCES BILL TO RE­ our Subcommittee on Posltal Operations anguish to the Courts and alarm to the STORE EQUITABLE MILITARY RE­ when the subcOmmittee was conducting nation. TIREMENT hearings on obscenity legislation in the FRUSTRATION IS WIDESPREAD 91st Congress. This committee is aware, Mr. Chairman, HON .. VICTOR V. VEYSEY The award and recognition for Judge that distinguished lawyers, jurists and pub­ Kasler is well deserved in the lighrt; of his lic officials have become discouraged at the OF CALIFORNIA outstanding service to the community inability of government to stop the flow of IN ~E HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES hard-core pornography through the mails in the spirilt of prutriotism, both civic and and the bookstands, and its open, brazen dis­ Thursday, February 25, 1971 religious. play, regardless of age, on the stage and on Mr. . VEYSEY. Mr. Speaker, I am to­ Mr. Speaker, following is the text of the screen. day introducing legislation to restore the the article in the February 18 edition of . It has been my experience that the public link between retired pay of persons who the Am-Pol Eagle, Buffalo, N.Y., weekly, does show some concern for pornography on the award presentation: only when it "hits home". And, I repeat, it entered the uniformed services prior to is only when sexually oriented advertising June 1, 1958 and current active duty JUDGE KASLER RECEIVES HOLY NAME 1971 is received in the home that parents move rates. · PATRIOTS DAY AWARD into action, and then they demand imme­ Up to 1958, the pay scale for officers Hon. Theodore S. Kasler, City Court Judge, diate action from you gentlemen, from State and enlisted men reflected the fact that was presented with the 1971 Patnlots' Day legislators, from the Judges, and from the Award of the Buffalo Diocesan Union of Holy police. their retirement system was tied to ac­ Name Societies at ceremonies held Monday tive duty pay rates. In that year, how­ Therefore, I commend this committee for in the Soaiety's headquarters on Elmwood taking action in this field, because I believe ever, Congress made a precipitous deci­ Ave. it is the function of the government to do sion to abrogate the retirement pay sys­ A walnut plaque was presented to Judge for the people what they cannot do for them­ tem that had been in effect for 100 years Kasler by Epifanio J. Saia., KSG, Awards selves, or, as in this instance, what they with an inadequate cost of living adjust­ Committee Chairman, for his "outstanding are not inclined to do for themselves. ment clause to protect the earned bene­ service to the community in the .spirtlt of It is my observation that, to many par­ fits of people already in the service. patriotism, both civic and religious." ents of minors, pornography is not a reality Judge Kasler, who received the award in until they are faced with it in their homes, As a result, retirees who entered upon recognition of his efforts to suppress: por­ a military career under a retirement or it is found on the persons of their chil­ nography, is considered the leading local dren. I have found that people have a vague system which guaranteed them the same authority on the problems of pornography idea of what hard-core pornography is, and retirement pay as other retirees of equal and obscen!ty. their impression of it consists of mere nude grade and years of service now. draw nine As both City Court Judge and an Assist­ figures. has different rates depending entirely upon ant Corporation Counsel, he led the fight ONLY SEEING IS BELIEVING the date on which they retired from ac­ against pornggraphy by speaking at numer­ ous leotures and seminars on the legal and However, on occasion, when I do take ex­ tive service. In each grade the lowest social effects of pornography. amples of the hard-core pornography which rate is for the oldest group of retirees He has appoo.red before Congressional Com­ is received through the mails or which is and the highest rate is for the youngest mittees in Washington and before the Presi­ found on the bookstands, and I describe the group. As successive pay raises are dent's Com:rnis$.1on on Obscenity and Por­ various sexual aberrations practiced in the granted in the future, the disparity nography, warning both that erotic materials movies bought by Sergeant Spano in the against the older groups will continue e'fl'ect law and order in a commundty. open market and viewed by me, only then Judge Kasler's own opinion on how por­ is the full impact of obscenity brought home. to increase. In Subsection B of Section 4012, mailing of Mr. Speaker, in these days of inflation nography can best be dealt with was summed ~ up by him recently tluring a television inter­ sexually oriented advertisements, the blli and rising cost of living, I think it is view when he said that obscenity laws places the onus on the householder to file a essential that we reestablish the prin­ "should not be determ.Lned by federa.l courts, statement with the Postmaster Genera.!, stat­ ciple that the Government ·will, in good but should be determined and enforced by ing that he does not want to receive any faith, carry out its contractual obliga­ local governments and local courts." sexually oriented advertisement throu~h the tions to servicemen who entered the The award ceremonies took place at a mails. February 25, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4055 This, tn my opinion, places too great a THE RUSSIANS PREFER PROXMIRE Proxmire as a tall and gallant champion who burden upon the citizen. It is simply human TO LOCKHEED speaks out against these "crimes" against the nature that the citizen will not be moved to people of the United States. action until he does receive such sexually ori­ Basically, of course, the Soviet Union's aim ented material through the mall. HON. FLETCHER THOMPSON is to negate the C-5 and any other means But, by that time, the minors for whose of defense we might come up with (with the protection this bill is being enacted may have OF GEORGIA possible exception of bows and arrows). And already examined this material, may have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES basically it is because of the Soviet Union that we are having to expend billions of replaced it, and whatever damage has been Thursday, February 25, 1971 done will remain permanent. dollars on defense. Between the end of world War II and the TAKES STRONG POSITION Mr. THOMPSON of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, I request permission to insert invasion of South Korea the defense posture I agree with those advocates who are urg­ of the United States was a mere skeleton. ing this Congress to make it strictly unlawful the text of an article from the Atlanta It was a typical end-of-the-war reaction. And to send any sexually oriented advertisements Journal in the RECORD because it so we would have continued along that line if to all classes, adults as well as juveniles. graphically illustrates the great pleasure the Kremlin crowd hadn't initiated naked In conclusion, may I state to this commit­ leaders in the Soviet Union derive from aggressive warfare. tee, Mr. Chairman, that a great document some of the activities of our elected of­ So we have responded and the Russians like the Constitution of the United States is ficials which to this Congressman seem to have given us every reason to continue to being compromised and degraded for the be designed to weaken our Nation and respond. benefit of the very few, for the sole purpose make it more susceptible attack and That this is not to their liking is obvious of making money, and in total disregard of to from the Izvestiya article which, incidentally, the consequences. intimidation by foreign powers: could be summarized as "Proxmire, da; May I quote from an address by Mr. Rich­ THE RussiANS PREFER PRoxMmE TO Lokhid, nyet." ard L. Evans, delivered from the Tabernacle LoCKHEED Sen. Proxmire is entitled to his admirers. in Salt Lake City, on November 9th, 1969, (By John Crown) I'll stake my hope for the nation's survival wherein he stated: Presumably Sen. William Proxmire, D. Wis., on Lockheed. "Evil is greedy. Evil ls pursued by many to isn't seeking any votes in the Soviet Union, make money. And always we ought to remem­ but it is evident that he has admirers there ber that the more profitable evil is, the more who regard him as an authority on the sub­ powerful it is, and the more prevalent it will ject of the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation. HOWARD CHESLER become. Evil will go just as far as we let it. In a recent issue of the Russian newspaper, If we patronize it, encourage it, it will go to Izvestia, there appeared an article, "Lokhid unlimited lengths." Rabotaet Na Vojnu,'' which translates as HON. CHARLES A. VANIK It is indeed a sad commentary upon our "Lockheed Works For War." OF OHIO times when cynics can use the Constitution And Sen. Proxmire had the dubious dis­ of the United States to promote pornography tinction (at least it is dubious from my IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for profit, and I am in full accord with the point of view) of being used in some of his Thursday, February 25, 1971 conclusions reached by Mr. Edwin A. Roberts, emotional attacks on Lockheed. In fact, the Jr., editor for The National Observer's News­ theme followed in the newspaper article was Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, from time to book series entitled, "The Smut Rakers", generally that propounded by the senator time public recognition is taken of very under a 1966 copyright by the Dow-Jones from the cheese state. special hard-working men and women in Company, Inc., wherein he stated, at Page What are the Russians reading in their our community who become deeply in­ 127: government-controlled press about Lockheed volved in helping their fellow citizens. "Since the beginning of obscenity legis­ and Sen. Proxmire? Here's a sample from the On February 28 such a person, Howard lation in the United States, the cause-and­ Izvestia piece: effect element has been a principal justifica­ "The United States Department of Defense Chesler, will be honored by the residents tion of relevant laws. But we !night ask our­ is a genuine feed box for companies manu­ of Villa Serena, a senior citizens hous­ selves if such justification is necessary. facturing weapons. The Pentagon generously ing development in our community. "Obscenity is more than 'controversial sex bestows military orders on its favorites, Mr. Chesler is one of the most out­ speech,' as one lawyer puts it. It is more than among which Lockheed occupies the first standing, devoted professional people in the 'occasion of sin' of clerical parlance. And place ... the country to the cause of decent hous­ it doesn't have to be a threat to Western civi­ "Nevertheless, there is no peace in the ing for our senior citizens. He has demon­ lization to be intolerable. Obscenity is a nui­ headquarters of the Lockheed Company. The strated his capability by creating, de­ sance worthy of legal control because it of­ pursuit of even greater profits drives its fends the dignity, spirit, and sensibilities of bosses to all kinds of machinations and crim­ veloping, and administering the Villa civilized people. If it did nothing more than inal acts. Serena-one of the outstanding examples that it would be as suitable for censure as "For example, a big scandal broke out of decent, well-run senior citizens hous­ the power plant that fouls the air. around the project of the S-5A military ing in this country. It is always a delight "The First Amendment? Americans may transport jet aircraft. Initially, the Pentagon for me to be able to visit with the hun­ disagree on its application, but it seems at proposed to purchase 120 aircraft of this dreds of residents of this extraordinary least arguable that the Founding Fathers did type for the total amount of 3.4 billion dol­ complex located in my district. It is an not consider every impression of ink upon lars. However, after this figure had increased paper to be automatically superior to all com­ by a billion and even more, Secretary Laird, example of how we can, if we try, provide peting values." under public pressure, was forced to reduce our elderly with dignified residential ac­ Once again, I extend my thanks to the the order to 81 aircraft ... commodations and interesting and well­ subcommittee for inviting us, and I am sure "The Lockheed Company expected to de­ coordinated social programs. · that I am extending the thanks of concerned rive a definite profit on the sale of 120 air­ I extend to Mr. Chesler my heartiest people of the Niagara Frontier for having an craft, but the cutback in the order by 39 congratulations on the occasion of this opportunity to be heard. aircraft obviously resulted in considerable special event to honor him for his work. losses. Bargaining began. The mat ter reached the Senate. I wish to insert, at this point, a copy of "Senator W. Proxmire noted with indigna­ a recent article from the Cleveland Plain MAN'S INHUMANITY TO MAN­ tion that the aircraft's design was developed Dealer indicating Mr. Chesler's main ac­ HOW LONG? according to the worst contract that the tivities and recent award. I wish him American government had ever signed. continued success in this vital endeavor. "The 'hawks' were not slow in crossing The article follows: swords with him. Being on friendly terms HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE ITALIAN GROUP HONORS HOWARD CHESLER OF IOWA with Lockheed bosses, they furiously demon­ strated the advantages of the performance of AT FETE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the S-5A.... (By Jane Artale) Thursday, February 25, 1971 "However, Senator Proxmire called the in­ Lawyer Howard Chesler is a rarity for a vestigation of the S-5A construction a 'viola­ particular reason-he's a non-Italian who's Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, a child tion of the criininal law,' and the newspaper warmly called "Compari" by thousands of asks: "Where is daddy?" A mother asks: Daily World openly declared the following: Clevelanders of that heritage. "How is my son?" A wife asks: "Is my 'Since the S-5A is built as a tool of the He will be honored tonight by the Italian husband alive or dead?" United States aggressive policy, not a single Sons and Daughters of America as their Oommunist North Vietnam is sadisti­ dollar should be spent on it.' " "adopted son" at the group's annual dinner­ It is truly touching that Izvestiya should dance in the Crystal ballroom of Hotel Carter. cally practicing spiritual and mental feel deep concern over corporate "machina­ Chesler will be presented a plaque for genocide on over 1,500 American pris­ tions and criminal acts" within the United being a "bella flgura"-a fine figure of a man oners of war and their families. States. And it is heal'twarming to think of -who has put warmth and affection into How long? little Ivan Ivanovitch visualizing Sen. his job as co-ordinator-manager of the Villa 4056 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 25, 1971 Serena Apartmt~nts, 6800 Mayfield Road, May­ HIGHER EDUCATION NEEDS FINAN­ every other day and the snow won't be field Heights, where many retired Italian­ shoveled quite as fast." Americans live. CIAL ASSISTANCE "The villa was built last year under the RENTS EXPECTED TO RISE co-sponsorship of the Italian Sons and Rents for university-owned housing will Daughters of America and the St. Francis of HON. PETER A. PEYSER probably increase 10 per cent and salary Assissi Foundation," explains Chesler, the OF NEW YORK raises will be hard to come by. About 20 man who closed the deal with Washington. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES faculty members may also be dismissed. At Notre Dame, officials let some teaching There is an air of festivity in the Villa Thursday, February 25, 1971 which was created by Chesler and his Italian vacancies go unfilled and tenure, promotions tenants repay him with the greatest gift they Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker, colleges and contract renewals were scrutinized very have to give-love. and universities throughout the Nation carefully. "There's a certain feeling that He has worked out a program for the senior there has been a little carelessness at times are experiencing financial crisis of dev­ in t he past," said t he provost, the Rev. James citizens so that they never feel alone. There astating magnitude. The February 22 are classes in watercolor, embroidery, leather­ T. Burtchaell. craft, bridge. English, bowling and movies edition of the New York Times included The university's communication arts and and dinners in the dining room. an article which gives some illustrations computing science departments have also Other Chesler-touches include red velvet of this problem: been discontinued. draperies, fancy embossed fabrics and lots COLLEGES OVER THE UNITED STATES CUTTING Stanford has adopted a four-year budget­ of swank and elegance. And come spring SERVICEs-SOME ALso REDUCING FACULTY, cutting plan. This year that meant reduc­ there will be little garden plots for anyone AND A FEW SMALL SCHO-QLS ARE EXPECTED tions in spending on things "good to do but who wants to grow tomatoes for the pasta To CLOSE not necessary," and it aroused some host111ty among the faculty. sauce or roses for the soul. (By Andrew H. Malcolm} "It's really like running a small town and Seven branches lost budget funds, includ­ I enjoy it," said Chesler who formerly de­ The nati-ons colleges and universities, se­ ing humanities and sciences ($241,641). med­ voted himself to youth w-ork, mainly the Boy verely pinched between rapidly escalating icine {$220,000), and the overseas campuses Scouts, (he holds a Silver Beaver award) and costs and lagging incomes, are adopting a ($91,000). the Cleveland Hebrews Schools. wide range of strict economy measures. The The University of California. at Berkeley To switch his interest to older people was steps range from abolition of departments will lose 100 faculty members in the next an adventure and before Chesler knew it he and reductions in faculty to cutbacks in fiscal year unless the state's budget proposals was hooked. snow shoveling and lawn mowing. are increased. Faculty pay has not been He thinks of everything for his tenants­ Inflation, cuts in Federal spending and raised. There is a freeze on hiring. And out­ busses to the shopping centers, church bazaar dwindling endowment incomes from invest­ of-state travel has been banned. workshops, trips to Washington and Co­ ment portfolios have brought to many schools Evening and weekend library hours have lumbus, art, music, flowers-and even the first serious retrenchment and deficits been shortened and the library's card cata­ tomatoes for the pasta. since the Depression 40 years ago. logues are months out of date for lack of For most of these institutions, large and help. small, public and private, the golden days of New York University's faculty has been the late nineteen-fifties and early nineteen­ allowed to decrease by 5 per cent, officials CHATTANOOGA RECEIVES AN- sixties, when budgets got minimal scrutiny said. All building renovations have been OTHER CLEANEST TOWN AWARD and growth was taken for granted, are gone. halted. The maintenance budget was cut 10 Many educators, in a series of interviews per cent and telephone service reduced 20 across the country, said the economy moves per cent. A shuttle bus service between cam­ HON. LAMAR BAKER had not yet seriously affected the over-all puses was also eliminated. OF TENNESSEE quality of higher education, although they AUSTERITY AT COLUMBIA might begin to in a year or two. In some more IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES serious cases, they said, a few smaller schools In addition, some special, non self-sup­ porting academic programs, mostly in the Thursday, February 25, 1971 were expected to close. Many of these administrators and teach­ School of Continuing Education, died. Mr. BAKER. Mr. Speaker. as increased ers said, however, that despite the immedi­ "We've squeezed everything possible but emphasis is being placed on the im­ ate budgetary deficits and headaches, the quality," said the school's chancellor, Allan provement of our environment these current Spartan era might in the long run M. Cartter. actually improve college educations by forc­ Faced with a current $15-m1llion deficit, days. it is refreshing to note that my Columbia University's new president, Dr. own hometown. Chattanooga. has re­ ing more educational self.. analysis, increased administrative and instructional efficiency W1lliam J. McGill, spent a major part of his ceived its fourth National Cleanest Town and better long-range planning. first months in office designing a five-year Achievement Award in the past 7 years. austerity plan that w1ll mean, among other The award was bestowed on Chat­ TUITION-RISE PROBLEMS things, elimination of the School of Arts' tanooga this week for "outstanding com­ While "pinching their millions,'' as one theater arts division. munity beautification programs in cities university officer put it, colleges have special A faculty reduction and an end to a "sig­ difficulties. For example, tuitions, which nificant" number of courses in the 28 between 25,000 and 250,000." Mrs. cover only a portion of the actual educa­ academic departments of arts and sciences Richard Nixon presented the trophy to tional costs anyway, can only be raised so have also been announced. Mrs. G. M. Adcock of the Chattanooga much before a school prices itself out of the At Yale, heating has been turned off dur­ Scenic Cities Beautiful Commission. an economic range of a desirable mix of stu­ ing weekends in buildings not being used, and organization which has worked hard to dents. construction of a. 10-story building for sur­ make this award become a reality. Ricardo Mestres, treasurer and a vice presi­ gery and obstetrics has been postponed in­ Some 320 communities in 38 States dent of Princeton University, said that, un­ definitely. participated in the national cleanup com­ like many industries also encountering eco­ Penn State has eliminated foreign travel, petition last year. Chattanooga was one nomic problems, "higher education cannot all but emergency overtime, some mainte­ offset inflation by increased productivity or nance and all classes with fewer than eight of seven cities in the 25,000 to 250,000 automation." students. population bracket to win the top The results have been cutbacks wherever College educators are aware of the poten­ achievement award. Two other cities­ possible. tial effects of such cutbacks, Dr. Roger w. Nashville and Memphis-were also pre­ Princeton, for instance, is faced with a Heyns. Berkeley's chancellor, said: "It takes sented awards at the 1971 national possible $5.5-million deficit next year. To a long time to get a reputation like ours, but cleanup program convention here. trim this, tuition is expected to rise, for the only a short time for that reputation to go I am thrilled to see the fruits of the fourth straight year, by $300 to $2,800. The down the drain.'' Few, however, see any over-all staff of 3,200 will be chopped by choice at present. labor of the dedicated women, repre­ more than 100 persons by attrition and dis­ Dr. Hans H. Jenny, vice president for fi­ senting the SCBC and various garden missals. nance and business of the College of Wooster clubs, become recognized nationally. The computer center's $2-mlllion budget, (Ohio), said, "Some pruning of the educa­ Chattanooga is indeed a cleaner city be­ among others, was cut by $185,000 and the tional tree is definitely in order." cause of their outstanding efforts to im­ library's present $4.6-mlllion allocation was Just last month John J. Pershing College prove our environment. This exemplifies frozen, although enrollment will grow by 200. in Beatrice, Neb., closed when trustees at the the concept of environmental control Seven new buildings opened in recent four-year-old institution ran out of operat­ which is incumbent upon the individuals years, but the 180 janitors and groundskeep­ ing funds despite a drive by the 385 stu­ in a free society as opposed to the en­ ers will be reduced through attrition by 10 dents. annually for the next few years. Other small schools, including Franklin forcement of ordinances and regulations "The grass may not be mowed quite as and Marshall in Lancaster, Pa., and John F. which are imposed centralized govern­ often," said Foster Jacobs, who is in charge Kennedy College in Wahoo, Neb., are strug­ mental structures at all levels. of the physical plant, "offices may be cleaned gling to meet the dollar demands of rapidly February 25, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4057 accumulating deficits in what the Carnegie at Poquonock, poses an impossible blockade. he is an interested citizen who is concerned Commission on Higher Education calls the The upper Farmington communities will about our future, and (2) the lower Farming­ "new depression." never experience these fish unless a fish lad­ ton River is near Loomis School where he So far, they have been successful. But der is built at Rainbow Dam. The hydroelec­ teaches biology and is near his home. Mr. Theodore Dillon, the president at Kennedy, tric plant there is owned by Stanley Works. Palmer sees the Farmington River as a fairly noted yesterday, "We're gaining some ground Minimum flowage clean river, and expects the river to be com­ but it's such a long road." pletely cleaned up In about five years. But Dr. Jenny, who made a long study of col­ Another problem at Rainbow is that the the Farmington has a way to go before it be­ lege financing, said, "The market will cer­ hydroelectric plant is too small and ineffec­ comes what it should be. tainly weed out some of the smaller, aca­ tive, for producing electricity on a full-scale Our interview with Mr. Palmer included demically weak and less financially sound basts. Thus, the gates are closed at the dam a boat trip up the Farmington, and a visit institutions." But he thought conditions at many times, and this causes the river to the dam itself. would ease substantially within three to five below the dam to lower unnaturally to a Mr. Palmer believes that the Farmington years. great extent, causing erosion, conservation River belongs to the people of Connecticut, CANADIAN JOBS EYED problems, and the death of fish and other and Stanley Works has no right to impede organisms Uving in the Farmington River. its ecological progress. As to the situation at Some unemployed instructors, meanwhile, Fish run upriver when water is high and said they would leave the country; a number the dam, we witnessed the following facts: gates are open and they get trapped in pools 1. The Farmington River seemed somewhat for Canada where, they said, many positions when river drops sharply due to closing of were open. polluted to us, but when we approached the gates. Connecticut River, the stench overpowered Other professors will assume heavier t~ach­ Legal problems ing loads. But that, in turn, will requlre a us, and we saw that the Farmington is clean serious rethinking of their entire approach The Federal Power Commission is trying by comparison. Mr. Palmer feels sure it can to teaching the course-a development many to license the Stanley Works which would support fish life on a much larger scale. view as healthy. make the company abide by a number of 2. The generators are not run at all times, For administrators, Penn State's vice pres­ regulations, among them some conservation and when closed, leakage through and over ident for finance, Robert A. Patterson, said, restrictions. However, "conservation" regu­ the dam is the only water allowed to pass the tough times have encouraged more so­ lations could be met by building boat land­ through. We saw the d11ference, as the river phisticated method of programing, planning ings and hiking tra.lls. Stanley would not was reduced to a trickle when the gates were and budgeting plus an increased awareness have to put in the fish ladders. But if enough closed. of the need for etllciency and productivity. people are interested in the problems, and 3. The dam prevents the migration of fish During the more atlluent times, added Ray put pressure on the Stanley Works we think beyond Poquonock. At the dam, Mr. Palmer Bacchetti, Stanford's associate provost, col­ that they would eventually come around. showed us many large fish trapped in a pool leges were not self-critical enough and rarely Stanley will resist licensing through court under the dam which were attempting to examined every proposal and program with action, and this legal battle wlll probably swim upstream to spawn. the crucial question: why? Now they must. stop any constructive action on the dam Mr. Palmer feels that the upper Farming­ and its problems. ton could once again be populated with game Our part fish lf a fish ladder were built at Rainbow As citizens of Connecticut, as members of Dam. But he also realizes the problems in­ RAINBOW DAM AT POQUONOCK a community on the upper Farmington volved with this project. He sees the legal River, and as Boy Scouts of America, we feel problems attendant in the licensing it is our responsibility to make the com­ of the dam. He feels that the Rainbow Dam prohibits the restoration of the Farmington HON. ELLA T. GRASSO munity aware of the problems posed by the River. OF CONNECTICUT Rainbow Dam. We, therefore, have inter­ viewed Mr. Hiram P. Maxim and Mr. Keith INTERVIEW WITH MR. HoYT PEASE, V. P. THE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Palmer of the F. R. W. A., Mr. Hoyt Pease, Thursday, February 25, 1971 Vice President, the Stanley Works, and l\11'. STANLEY WORKS Cole Wllde of the State Board of Fish and As we walked into the Stanley Works Mrs. GRASSO. Mr. Speaker, three Game. We have condensed these interviews building, we were impressed by the large ex­ Eagle Scouts from Troop 171 in West on the following pages into our general panses of modern otllce and machinery. We Simsbury, Conn., undertook an indus­ impressions and the major points. Our rec­ were guided through several buildings where trious task earlier this year. These Y,Oung ommendation appears at the end of this steel and other metals were oeing heated, pa,per. formed, bent, cooled or moved. men, Peter Modisette, Tripp Peake, and Stanley Works is a prosperous business Henry Watras, compiled a report on the INTERVIEW WITH MR. HIRAM P. MAxiM which produces tools and other simllar prod­ Rainbow Dam at Poquonock which dis­ ucts. The hydroelectric plant at Rainbow .Mr. Hiram P. Maxim is President of the Dam was originally purchased to produce cussed the impact of the dam on the ecol­ Farmington River Watershed Association. ogy of the Farmington River. Among its electricity for the company's plants. As In our interview with him, we first learned Stanley expanded, the dam became too small, concerns, their report advocates the ne­ of the problem caused by the dam, and of cessity of installing fish ladders on the and now is used by the Farmington River F. R. W. A., plans and concerns, and his Power Company, a subsidiary, for auxiliary dam to allow shad and salmon to swim views: electrical output, which is sold to local utllity farther upstream to spawn. 1. He explained that (shad and salmon) companies during peak loads. The service that these young men have introduced in the upper Farmington River, At Stanley, we talked to Mr. Hoyt Pease on performed is indeed most admirable. cannot return to spawn upstream because of the subject of the Rainbow Dam. He an­ They have investigated all sides of the the Rainbow Dam. Fish ladders are evidently swered our questions, and explained Stanley's necessary, but the state's proposal to allocate position. The major points are listed below. Rainbow Dam issue and have produced $80,000 to help defray costs of the fish lad­ is 1. So far, Stanley has done very little to informed conclusions. Their research ders had not been matched by the dam's constructively solve the problems at Rainbow a model and inspiration for similar proj­ owner or other sources. Dam. However, they claim that they have ects. It is always most worthwhile to 2. The Stanley Works should appropriate realized the problems and have been con­ bring to the attention of the Congress money for the dam, and he thinks it should centrating on solutions of these problems for the involvement of our young people in be licensed. But Stanley's lawyers and the several years. At present, Stanley has begun the pressing concerns which affect all state are deadlocked and may stay that way to make a survey, utilizing extensive equip­ Americans. for many years, and in the meantime, fish ment, of the minimum flowage allowed life is held down. through the gates, and its effect on the lower Mr. Speaker, it is for this reason that 3. The "now" problem, however, is low Farmington River. I wish to insert into the RECORD the re­ flowage. Something must be done imme­ 2. There are several reasons why Stanley port compiled by these three gentlemen. diately to convince Stanley to allow more has no plans to appropriate money towards I include the material as follows: water to flow through the dam. When the the construction of a fish ladder. One is their gates are closed, only about 40 cubic feet RAINBOW DAM observation that a simllar situation and of water is released per second, in compari­ ladder at Holyoke Dam was unsuccessful. THE PROBLEMS son with sixty tons of water per second They feel that the ladder may be a waste of Migratory fi$h pouring through when the generators are money and time, and until otherwise proven Shad and salmon are migratory fish which operating. The result from this variance in to them, this is where Stanley stands. A live in sea water but go up fresh water rivers flowage is a wildly fluctuating water level second reason is that Stanley 1s not entirely to spawn. below the dam, inhibiting normal fish life. certain that the Farmington River can and One of those rivers in which shad and sal­ will support more fish life. And the third 1s mon have been returning is the Farmington INTERVIEW WITH MR. KEITH PALMER that Stanley is not sure of the importance River. But these and other fish are stopped Mr. Keith Palmer is an active member of of a fish ladder project wei~hf'd against cold about ten mlles upstream from the the Farmington River Watershed Association. spending the money for another conservation Connecticut River where the Rainbow Dam, His pet concern is Rainbow Dam because (1) project or slm1lar public problem. 4058 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Febr-uary 25, 19 71 3. Stanley feels definitely that their dam health legislation recognizes sickle cell last and the urbanite. Wildlife is vanishing is not under jurisdiction of the Federal anemia as a major cause of sickness and in certain areas, and many cities are suffer­ Power Commission's license mainly because: death among the black people of this ing acute water shortages, and fighting for 1. the river is not totally navigable for com­ clean air to breathe. mercial use, and 2. the electricity produced is Nation. This disease, virtually unknown Another one of nature's beauties is the not used in any other state. among the white population, occurs land itself. Creation of parks and careful 4. When asked if the company would about once among every 500 black Ameri­ conservation practices have aided in the pre­ profit by building fish ladders and using the cans. Best current estimates are that at vention of complete destruction of our program as an example of good citizenship, least 50,000 blacks in the United States beautiful country. Universal awareness of Stanley answered with a yes, but also pre­ suffer from the disease, while about an­ the need to protect these vital resources is sented a question: Wouldn't Stanley receive other 2 million are "carriers" of sickled urgent. good public relations with any other con­ red blood cells. · Preservation is the art of maintaining a servation project? part of the original, intact. Preservation is a 5. Although Stanley could not or would This terrible disease, which is best basic law of life. It applies in every phase not give answers about the financial benefit characterized by severe anemia, bone of our existence. The capitalist invests hiS to the company of the dam and its electric pain, and increased susceptibility to in­ money and keeps it intact, while at the same power, Stanley felt that the generated power fection, is one of the most chronic dis­ time using it for further gain. did contribute to the company and local in­ eases among black children. While the The housewife knows what to combine dustry, and that the dam was very important very name is virtually unknown to most with a small amount of leaven to cause her to the public. dough to double in bulk. She will keep her white people, knowledge . of sickle cell main leavening agent intact by feeding it INTERVIEW WITH MR. COLE WILDE, CHIEF OF anemia still remains relatively low in carefully. THE FISHER,IES DIVISION, CONNECTICUT the black community. Fifty percent of In Proverbs 18:9 and in Proverbs 24:3Q-31, BOARD OF FISHERIES AND GAME its victims die before the age of 20, and, we are admonished against slothfulness and Mr. Cole Wilde is Chief of the Fisheries of the remainder, 50 percent do not rea.ch waste. Division, Conn. Board of Fisheries and Game. their 40th birthday. "He also that is slothful in his work is During an interview with him, we learned We do not know the cause and we do brother to him that is a great waster. several facts and his opinions about the not know the cure. But by highlighting I went by the field of the slothful, and Rainbow Dam. the conquest of this disease as a specific by the vineyard of the man void of under­ 1. The fish ladder, if built, would be used standing; and, lo, it was all grown over with off and on all year, but mainly between late medical research goal, President Nixon thorns, and nettles and covered the face April and early November. has embarked the scientific community thereof, and the stone wall thereof was 2. Contrary to the Stanley Works claim, on a road that may well lead to the elimi­ broken down". the ladder (a manual elevator type) at Hol­ nation of sickle cell anemia. In man's quest for knowledge, he must yoke Dam on the Connecticut River is highly not overlook the importance of preserving successful. Thousands of shad are being and protecting our life-sustaining natural pulled up over the dam each day. environment. 3. Mr. Wilde believes that a fish ladder SCOTT JACOBY ESSAY WINS would be a great advantage to the Connec­ ticut public, and that the low flowage prob­ CONSERVATION AWARD lem is a serious threat to conservation. EXPANDED FOOD AND NUTRITION 4. He also thinks that it is Stanley's re­ sponsibility to design the dam improvements HON. 0. C. FISHER EDUCATION PROGRAM and appropriate the funds for it. OF TEXAS We feel much inclined to agree with the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Farmington River Watershed Association, in HON. JERRY L. PETTIS saying that a fish ladder is necessary and Thursday, February 25, 1971 OF CALIFORNIA altogether an excellent project. If we con­ Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, it is reas­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tinue to abuse our rivers and wildlife, there Thursday, February 25, 1971 will be no future for Connecticut. suring to know that so many young peo­ However, we realize that Stanley's legal ple today are taking an active interest Mr. PETTIS. Mr. Speaker, on Janu­ position is a very safe one. They may stall in conservation and the protection of ary 26, 1971, I queried whether anything the license for many years. our natural environment. A good exam­ was being done to assist welfare recip­ But, in our opinion, the small percentage ple of this is contained in a prize win­ ients in purchasing proper food and of money taken from Stanley's total income ning essay on the subject prepared by preparing nutritious meals. The follow­ would be a worthwhile gift to the Connec­ Scott Jacoby, a high school student at ticut people who make possible that income. ing, which I commend to your attention, If Stanley is licensed, the license will force Sonora, Tex. is a response from the U.S. Department Stanley to observe conservation practices. This young man is to be highly com­ of Agriculture which explains their ex­ There is one alternative, however, Stanley plimented for this achievement. Let us panded food and nutrition education can build docks and trails around the dam hope more such contests will be con­ program. I am gratified to know that and will not have to construct the ladder. ducted throughout the land. definite steps are being taken to aid the On Stanley's part, this would be a way for Under leave to extend my remarks, I dietary habits of indigent people and to them to not face the problem. include a copy of the essay referred to: Another possibility is that Stanley is not upgrade the condition of their health. licensed. Then, we feel that Stanley is doing ScOTr JACOBY ESSAY WINS CONSERVATION I hope that such a program can be suc­ an injustice to the community if they refuse AWARD cessfully continued on an expanded basis. to appropriate the remaining sum of money (By Scott Jacoby) The letter follows: for the fish ladder besides that of the states. "Our Natural Environment: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE , In the meantime, fish die because of the Preserve and Protect It" Washington, D.O., February 12, 1971 . low flowage problem. We think that Stanley The intellectual and industrial progress of Hon. JERRY L. PETTIS, should make some attempt to allow more civilization is amazing-Man has walked on House of Representatives, water to pass through the dam when the the moon; he can transmit current events as Washington, D .0. gates are closed. they occur thousands of miles away; he can DEAR MR. PETTIS: We read, with interest, project his voice through a tiny wire, and your remarks of Tuesday, January 26, as re­ can safely erect tall buildings. However, in ported in the Congressional Record on Janu­ spite of all man's technical knowledge, he is ary 27. In your remarks, you described how SICKLE CELL ANEMIA MAJOR CAUSE unable to imitate God's gift of our natural a middle-income California family had been OF SICKNESS AND DEATH AMONG environment. able to prepare adequate, nourishing meals NATION'S BLACK PEOPLE The resources and outdoor areas of to­ on a welfare budget. And, you asked if t he day's world are slowly disappearing. Growth Federal Government was doing anything to is good, but it can also be as harmful as a teach welfare recipients how to shop wisely HON. ALEXANDER PIRNIE disease. The careless use of our land, air, and and plan nutritious meals. We share your OF NEW YORK plant life is begining to deplete the produc­ concern with the needs of welfare recipients, tivity of our farms and ranches. and we take this opportunity to t ell you IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Much of the beauty and purity of our about one of Extension's efforts t o reach Thursday, February 25, 1971 streams has been marred by people who care­ these families with information. lessly or lazily throw trash and waste into Since January, 1969, the U.S. Depart ment Mr. PIRNIE. Mr. Speaker, it is heart­ them. The abuse of our streams has been of Agriculture's Cooperative Extension Serv­ ening that the administration's proposed harmful to both the outdoor sport enthus- ice has been conducting a program t hrough- February 25, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4059 out the nation designed to help h~rd-to­ House Concurrent Resolution 416, which various Paris· museums, the Palace of Ver­ reach poor homemakers learn to plan nutri­ calls for freedom for Lithuania, Latvia, sailles, the Eiffel Tower, Notre Dame Cathe­ tious meals, shop wisely for food, make opti­ and Estonia. I urge that the administra­ dral, The Louvre, the French Quarter, L'Arc mum use of available resources, and im­ de Triomphe, Champs-Elysees and a tour of prove their food preparation skills. This Ex­ tion do everything within reason to im­ Paris by night. tension program is known as the Expanded plement that resolution. The spirit of Food and Nutrition Education Program, and independence must never die within the STUDENTS TEST NEW PASSPORT SYSTEM the teaching is done by ~ides-women who Baltic States. NEw LONDON.-Postmaster Anthony Facas live in the community in which they work, wasn't a bit startled Wednesday afternoon who know the problems of poverty, and are when nine students from Bacon Academy in trained by Extension home economists. Colchester walked into the New London Post We are anticipating that more than 10,- EFFECTIVE PASSPORT SERVICE Offi.ce to file applications for passports neces­ 000 aides will be working in about 1,600 sary to launch them on a trlp to Europe. counties, independent cities, and Indian This sort of thing has been going on for reservations in the 50 States, District of HON. ROBERT H. STEELE months now, ever since last July 1 when Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Is­ OF CONNECTICUT the state and postal departments launched lands by July 1, 1971. Since the program a joint pilot program to enable Americans began, more than 842,000 families have re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to acquire passports more quickly and easily, ceived helpful information from these aides. Thursday, February 25, 1971 through several Post Offi.ces. Twenty-four dietary recalls are taken Facas reported Wednesday that since then, every six months on the homemakers en­ Mr. STEELE. Mr. Speaker, it gives me the New London Post Office has accepted rolled in the program. Homemakers were great pleasure to commend to the atten­ close to 800 passport applications, quite a chosen for this evaluation because our re­ tion of my colleagues the following let­ few from student groups bound for Europe. search shows that they are usually the poor­ ters and newspaper articles, from the As a matter of fact, added Facas, the Post est fed members of the family, and it is Hartford Courant of February 11, and Offi.ce goes so far as to provide what hP. terms assumed that improvement in a homemak­ the Norwich Bulletin of February 5, com­ "home service," that is, if an area high school er's diet will mean similar, or even greater, menting on the outstanding service per­ informs the Post Offi.ce a group of students improvements in the diets of family mem­ is seeking passports, a postal clerk runs out bers. formed by the staff of the New London, to the school and accepts the applications, After two years of program operation, it Conn., Post Office: attending to the necessary paper work right is clear that the diets of homemakers en­ UNCASVILLE, CONN., February 2,1971. at the school. rolled tn the Expanded Food and Nutrition Mr. ANTHONY FACAS, Facas said the state and postal depart­ Education Program are improving. We can Postmaster, Passport Division, ments decided on this pilot program in an see other improvements taking place as well. New London, Conn. atempt to alleviate the frustrating delays More families are participating in the USDA DEAR MR. FACAS: "tecently a group of high and long waits in line for overseas-bound Food. Stamp and Donated Foods Programs; school students were rewarded with a gratify­ Americans seeking passports. children are attending school more regularly; ing experience in "Government". Before initiation of the program, said mothers are taking youngsters to clinics; and This group known as "Villano's Nomads" Facas, Connecticut residents seeking pass­ many families are moving upward, in re­ will be touring Europe in a study of His­ ports were compelled to travel to passport sponse to an aide's interest in their welfare. tory. On calling the passport offi.ce--this offi.ces in either New Haven or Hartford. And I'm sending you some material that fur­ group of excited students were even more the backlog wa·s so heavy, he added, the wait ther describes the program. We will be happy jubilant in that the Passport Dept. would for the passport would extend to three weeks to provide any additional information you come to Montville High School and direct us and even a month. may want on this activity. If you want more on how to apply for passports, etc. CRISIS AREAS detailed information about the program in Mr. Stoklosa and Miss Rosa were kind, gracious and most of all patient. Certainly The State and Postal departments, added California, I refer you to Dr. Gaylord P. Facas, selected several so-called "crisis areas" Whitlock, Program Leader, Family and Con­ this government is not the "rigid" struc­ in which· to experiment with this pilo~ pro­ sumer Sciences, 373 University Hall, 2200 ture it's thought to be. University Avenue, Berkeley, California Thank you for a rewarding experience and gram. for the two members of your staff that put us Several cities across the nation were 94720. picked, including Houston and Midland, •both Sincerely, completely at ease. Sincerely, in Texas, Detroit, and, in Connecticut, New EDWIN L. KIRBY, London, New Haven, Hartford, Bridgeport, Administrator. VINCENT F. VILLANO, History Teacher, Montville Higr School. waterbury, Stamford, Greenwich and Wil­ limantic. •...: Facas explained that his postal workers GENERAL DYNAMICS, prepare the applications, then send them ESTONIAN INDEPENDENCE ELECTRIC ·BOAT DIVISION, right on to the State Department passport Eastern Point Road, office in Boston, where they are pretty rapidly Groton, Conn., July 17, 1970 processed and mailed back to the owner' Postmaster ANTHONY FACAS, often within a week. HON. GERALD R. FORD New London Post Office, "That's fast work," said Facas, "especially OF MICHIGAN New London, Conn. at this time of year, when many people are IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES DEAR MR. FACAS: We at General Dynamics planning summer vacations overseas. Corporation, Electric Boat Division, want you "We are getting quite a few student groups Thursday, February 25, 1971 to know how pleased we are with the excel­ now, and we enjoy this assignment. We feel Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, lent service you and your people are giving that it brings government to the people, es­ yesterday we marked the 53d anniver­ us in servicing passport applications. pecially when we call at the schools," he It has proven to be a great help to our em­ said. sary of the Declaration of Independence ployees in the saving of travel time and also Facas credits his post offi.ce passport staff of the Republic of Estonia. I am proud to saves the dlvlsion money. for its work-Isabel Rosa, his secretary, and raise my voice along with those of my Once again, thanks for all your help. postal clerks Steven Stoklosa and Mary colleagues in tribute to Americans of Very truly yours, Crosby. Estonian descent and to those Estonians W. B. FRANCIS, The Bacon Academy students at the post now living behind the Iron Curtain. Manager, Traffic & Transportation. offi.ce Wednesday, said Facas, were Jeffrey Mr. Speaker, the U.S. Government Kowalski, Deborah Clark, Susan M. Brown, has never recognized the Soviet take­ [From the Norwich Bulletin, Feb. 5,1971] Phyllis A. Medbery, Lorraine Alvarnez, Mi­ chele Ladyka, Deborah Turbarge, Winifred over of Estonia and, indeed, we STUDENTS GOING ABROAD Von Roemer and Charlie Horlick. never should. The Soviet occupation of JEWETT CITY.-Twenty-eight students and They were accompanied by Mrs. Barbara Estonia and the other Baltic States was teachers of Griswold High School were inter­ Brown, who also filed application for a pass­ simply a case of naked aggression, the viewed and processed for passports Thursday port, Facas said. crushing of spirited but helpless peo­ in preparation for a week's trip to Paris, "They plan," Facas said, "to visit France ple by a superior power. France, scheduled for the school vacation for three weeks in July, and we at the Post Like the Estonian people, we in the week of April' 17 to 23. Offi.ce have no hesitancy in wishing them bon Congress must never abandon hope that Representing the passport offi.ce of New voyage, for they'll all have their passports London Thursday were Steven Stockholm and within a week." one day this wrong will be made righ1r­ Miss Isabel B. Ross. Chaperones for the trip that the Estonians and the other Baltic will be Donald Saulniers and Miss Ruth Tur­ My congratulations to Postmaster An­ . peoples will again enjoy the freedom ner of the school faculty. thony Facas and his able passport staff, which is so rightfully theirs. The group will fiy from Logan Airport in Miss Isabel Rosa and Mr. Steven Mr. Speaker, the Congress has adopted Boston April 17. The itinerary will include Stoklosa. CXVII--256-Part 3

. - 4060 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 25, 1971 A FORWARD LOOK-AN INTERVIEW his views on several current highway trans­ if we are ever to make a major reduction in WITH THE HONORABLE JOHN A. portation and safety matters. the statistics we are talking about. Q. Will there be significant changes in the The National Highway Traffic Safety Ad­ BLATNIK structure of the House Public Works Com­ ministration and the Federal Highway Ad­ mittee under your chairmanship 1n the 92nd ministration are both going to have to give Congress? top priority to their work in those areas HON. JIM WRIGHT A. I intend to provide the leadership to where a "high payoff" seems most likely. OF TEXAS cope with the growing complex problems we The former, while continuing its efforts to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are going to have to face in the several vital improve the vehicle and other aspects of the areas within the Public Works Committee driver element of the system, is stressing Thursday, February 25, 1971 jurisdiction and, while I do not subscribe to the drinking driver problem. This is obvious­ Mr. WRIGHT. Mr. Speaker, in its change simply for its own sake, whatever ly good and is deserving of their attention, February issue, Highway User magazine changes are indicated as desirable or neces­ but I want to caution against a past tendency sary will be made. to overemphasize any one aspect of the high­ published a question-and-answer inter­ Q. What activities-oversight hearings or way accident problem to the detriment of view with our distinguished colleague legislation-might be expected from the Pub­ others, less appreciated factors. from Minnesota, the Honorable JoHN A. lic Works Committee during the 92nd Con­ I refer, for instance, to the matters which BLATNIK. gress in the highway transportation and have had the attention of my special sub­ Those of US who know JOHN BLATNIK safety areas? committee the past few years--the design, have acquired an abiding respect for the A. Any predictions as to new legislation construction and operation of our highways. deep intelligence, incisive judgment, end would be premature at this time. Our over­ Our hearings and continuing investigations earnest concern for the public good that sight activities are another matter. We are have documented that some of the features satisfied that this work has been productive of even our newest roads continue to con­ have characterized his service as ranking of improved practices in carrying out the tain hazards of such a nature, that, drunk majority member of the House Public program and has frequently resulted in the or sober, the nation's drivers are unneces­ Works Committee. conservation of the user's money while pro­ sarily subjected to peril. We applaud his ascension to the chair­ viding him a better and safer highway. We And yes, I think the program needs more manship of this important committee in must continue this activity in those areas financing . . . among other things. Beyond the 92d Congress. In this new role, Mr. where we feel we can make a contribution that, we must insist that whatever funds are BLATNIK will have a broader forum to ex­ to better government. As an example, some available be spent in the most effective man­ ercise the fine qualities of leadership that members are questioning the pace at which ner. I suggest this has not always happened. we are accomplishing improvement in the For example-it hurts when we have to spend we have come to expect from him. field of highway safety, particularly in regard additional money to correct mistakes we For that reason, I believe many of our to the hazards created by highway design never should have made in completing a re­ colleagues will be interested in sharing and construction techniques. cently opened highway. the insights which Mr. BLATNIK brings to Q. Do you feel there is continuing support We have already spent billions of dolla-rs. his new responsibilities, and I ask that for the highway program among the Ameri­ Yet, for various reasons, high hazard loca­ the text of the Highway User interview be can people? tions exist by the thousands on our roads. printed in the RECORD: A. Yes. As more segments of the Interstate Do we truly have an adequate program to System have been completed, through its use improve them? I doubt it. In the meantime A FORWARD LooK our people have grown to appreciate more can we not more effectively warn, guide and [EDITOR's NoTE: The new chairman of the and more what has been done and what we, control the motorist through the danger? House Public Works Committee brings a as a nation, are capable of doing. It has taken Q. Do you agree with many highway of­ fresh outlook and a wealth of experience to a a long time to build this new system, 15 ficials that after completion of the Inter­ position of vital importance to the highway years so far, and during the course of its con­ state Highway System, more emphasis should program. In this exclusive story for Highway struction some people have lost sight of its be placed on urban highway systems and up­ User, Rep. Blatnik answers questions and overall benefits and others, unfortunately, grading primary and secondary roads? presents his views on some of the important have had their lives adversely affected by it. A. I most certainly do. Great as it is, the lssues confronting highway transportation We cannot ignore or blame either group for Interstate System makes up only 42,500 miles today. This article was prepared and ques­ not being more enthusiastic. We can and of the country's overall highway system. Its tions propounded by Stephen E. O'Toole, should do more to keep the public better in­ efficiency and safety features only serve to contributing editor, Highway User.] formed as to the need for improved high­ emphasize how badly off we are and how Development of the nation's highway pro­ ways and the benefits to be derived from much more needs to be done to improve the gram depends to a great extent on the Public their use. We should certainly also develop miles of state and county roads that carry Works Committees in the House of Repre­ the ab111ty to do the work, which has such the great bulk of our traffic. sentatives and the Senate. These committees an impact on a community, in a way which Q. Last year, Congress approved the use serve as a forum for public discussion, and is more sensitive to the other values for of Trust Funds for two-thirds of the Federal play an essential role in the formulation of which the public has shown such strong highway safety program, for urban bus national highway and safety legislation. feelings. We are, after all, simply their agents transit, and for forest and public lands When the 92d. Congress convened Repre­ in providing facilities which are needed and highways. Do you expect pressures for new sentative John A. Blatnik, a Minnesota. Demo­ we should be eager to do it in a way which uses for the Trust Fund, such as for highway crat, was elected chairman of the House Com­ satisfies them. beautification, or for other modes of trans­ mittee on Public Works, succeeding former Q. With passage of the 1966 legislation, the portation, in the near future? Representative George Fallon of Maryland, Federal Government assumed a greater role A. There have always been pressures for who served as chairman from 1965-71. in the field of highway safety and, in 1970, expanded uses f'or the Trust Fund, from its Blatnik assumes control of the committee despite increases in the number of miles inception in the 1956 Act, and you are quite at a vital juncture in the development of driven, the death toll decreased by more than correct that the 91st Congress widened the America's road program. During the next two 1,000 lives over 1969. Do you consider this application of the fund somewhat in enact­ years, with the completion of the Interstate significant and do you think the 1966 legis­ ing the Federal-aid Hlghway Act of 1970. System in sight, Congress must come to some lation played a part in this trend? What more I can't envision these pressures diminishing very important decisions on the future of should be done and will more money be re­ in the immediate future, and, in fact, the the federal highway systems. quired? trend seeins to be the other way. There is A member of Congress since 1946, Blatnik A. I am naturally pleased that we had this even a movement underway to replace the brings a longtime interest in highway trans­ experience in 1970, tempered, however, by the Highway Trust Fund entirely and set up in portation and safety to his new position. realization that the situation which still re­ its place a national Transportation Fund. Since 1959, he has served as chairman of the mains is a national disgrace and is truly one Th1s, of course, would take in the other Public Works' Special Subcommittee on the of our major domestic problems. I think it modes of transportation to which you refer. Federal-aid Highway Program, which in re­ has been adequately demonstrated that we Whether the concept wlll gain support dur­ cent years has been particularly concerned are dealing with an extremely complex series ing the new Congress remains to be seen. with roadway design and operations. of problems which embrace all three com­ While I try to keep my own mind open to The dean of the Minnesota Congressional ponents of our system-the driver, vehicle, change, I do feel that any drastic change in delegation, Blatnik is also the Democratic and road. Unquestionably, the capability that direction ought to be brought about National Committeeman for Minnesota and provided government at all levels in the 1966 only after there has been developed a case a co-founder and former chairman of the safety legislation has had, and wlll continue strong enough to justify it. "reform-Ininded" Democratic Study Group. to have, an effect on reducing highway ac­ Q. Related to the previous question, the He was a co-author of the legislation which cidents and in lessening their severity. National Governors' Conference adopted a created the Interstate System and is noted However, we are all going to have to get resolution last summer urging that governors for his work on water pollution control. behind and actively promote a sustained, be allowed to transfer a certain percentage In the following answers to questions from massive, and perhaps expensive broad-based of Federal funds allotted to them between Highway User, Chairman Blatnik expresses and multi-pronged attack on this problem the various modes of transportation. February 25, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4061

Secretary of Transportation Volpe endorsed derived from their use, and how to properly But it can be done, and if ecology is more the plan and has mentioned on a number use them. Support from the people for pro­ than a fad-and I believe 1t 1s much more­ of' occasions that he favors the creation of a grams to provide the nation with the roads we will in the future see better roads, both national trnasportation trust fund, which systems lt needs is obviously vital. If the from the safety and the environmental might allow such a transfer of funds. Do you public is informed and convinced that a pro­ standpoints. see any future for this type of transporta­ gram, any program, 1s needed and is properly Q. Many highway critics argue tha.t there tion financing plan? planned and carried out, they will be willing is no place for highway building In urban A. I think an answer of any substance to to support it and to pay for it. Any program, areas, while proponents feel that moderniz­ this question would require information particularly one which touches them as di­ ing the urban highway system-making it a about such a proposal which we do not have rectly as a road program 1s in real trouble well-designed, functional system-is essen­ as yet. There appear to be some valid and without that support. tial to keeping any city's transportation up­ thought-provoking arguments for such a Government is limited in the extent to to-date. How do you :feel about this matter? fund and we must not be blind to them or which it can advertise its work. That is as it A. I do not think there is any room for a.utomatic.ally conclude that increased fund­ should be. Highway supporting organiza­ argument. Until someone produces a revolu­ ing for any one mode of travel is necessarily tions, however, could by increasing their ac­ tionary new scheme which is capable of mov­ at the expense of any other. Our overriding tivities do a great public service in this area. ing people and goods in the way highways concern must be what is best for the na­ Not by lobbying for more and bigger highway do, we are going to have to depend on high• tion. When we accurately measure the programs but by sponsoring the publication ways as our main mode of transportation transportation needs of the country and in the printed and broadcast media of in­ both in our rural and urban movement. It establish our national goals, it appears that formation which permits the public to de­ is absolutely essential that we provide ade­ we will end up demonstrating the continu­ velop a more informed, less emotional, atti­ quate transportation into, about and out of ing need for funding highway programs tude about the tremendous public asset we our urban areas and I just do not anticipate pretty much as we have and possibly more. have in our roads and streets. other solutions in the foreseeable future In the meantime, while studying the whole Another activity I would like to see under­ which will remove the need for a well­ matter, we must keep an open mind to all taken by the private sector is a massive T.V. designed, functional urban highway system. features, including the methods of fi­ spot program to instruct the motoring public By the same token I should not like to nancing. in improving their driving skills. Freeway have it thought that I lack either the vision Q. Do you think the American people­ driving is new to many people and nowhere or the will to see our urban areas restruc­ the nation's highway users-would favor in our motor vehicle system have we at­ tured in a fashion which is more satisfying adoption of any plan which would allow tempted to teach the techniques necessary to life in them. If you ask me whether I diversion of highway user taxes for non­ for their safety. I also think the organiza­ think urban highways, as we have known highway purposes? tions can become a real partner, working them, have reached the ultimate in design, A. Keeping in mind my answer to the last with the State organizations established that is another question and I would be question I would have to answer this one under the 1966 Highway Safety Act, in sup­ obliged to answer, "no." I think we are go­ in two ways. First, assuming the question porting State programs such as passage of ing to have to be more concerned that urban addresses itself to those expenses incurred the Uniform Vehicle Code and Model Traffic highways be more satisfying in the way in connection with the construction of a Ordinances. they fit into our communities and our way highway project, I would say yes. I think we Q. Environmental concerns are a prime of life. have all come to realize that some of these consideration now in all public works ac­ I think we are going to have to explore expenses are not a diversion of highway tivities. Do you think present controls-in­ new ideas and see if we can come up with funds but are incidental costs of construc­ cluding the new measures contained 1n the designs which are more flexible in their use. tion. I have great faith in the collective wis­ 1970 Highway Act--are sufficient? It troubles me a great deal to see photo­ dom, reasonableness, and sense of fairness graphs of the eight lane "Utopian Freeway" of the American public. A. To those of us who have been pushing these many years for clean water, clean air, during the evening rush hour with the out­ The trend toward inclusion of expenses bound lanes glutted with snail-paced traffic for highway related activities was born out and the preservation of our country's natural beauty and resources, it has been very grati­ while just over the median I see four more of the functioning of our people's representa­ lanes virtually empty. tive government. The Congressional com­ fying to note the great interest that has re­ cently developed in the whole subject of I think we need a reevaluation of what mittees concerned, before taking such ac­ an urban freeway could be and should be. tions, measured the public opinion and atti­ environment. We shall have more to say on this very vital tudes through hearings. Reimbursement of We in Congress will be giving much more and pressing subject of urban highways later. relocation expenses and construction of re­ consideration to the environmental impact of We are capable of doing a much better job in placement housing, as examples, were found all programs under our jurisdiction, includ­ this whole area. ing the highway program. Whether or not by the committees to be the only reasonable Q. Some people feel that highway trans­ solutions which would treat with fairness present laws, including the 1970 Highway portation may suffer from some of the em­ those people who were being displaced and Act, will need some beefing up to really do phasis in the Department of Transportation whose very lives were being adversely af­ the necessary job should be the subject of on other transportation modes. However, fected by the construction of highways. further Congressional inquiry. Congress continues to support the highway If the question relates instead to the fund­ But I think we should recognize that program. Do you feel that any attempt to ing of non-highway transportation construc­ while some legislation has been necessary, dilute the Federal highway program-from tion with a portion of highway user taxes and perhaps more will be, much of the any source-or to prevent development of now going into the Trust Fund, I think the long-term success of efforts to improve our post-Interstate highway programs can be suc­ general public would have an initial reaction environment wm depend on whether the cessful in Congress in the foreseeable fu­ of opposition. If such funds were co-mingled public is really sincere in wanting to create ture? with revenues from other sources and high­ a better place in which to live. A. I do not look at the problem in the way funding was continued at the same, or In the final analysis, your question really terms you have posed it In your question. a higher level, then perhaps the users would gets back to the same problems I discussed This is not and ought not to be considered not object. In any case I must refer to my in connection with highway safety-the a matter of competition. The Federal High­ answer to the previous question and say that people want to protect the environment. way Administration, at the direction of Con­ I think there would first have to be a spe­ Congress can write the enabling legislation, gress, is in the process of preparing a report clfl.c proposal with its revenue features but the engineers are the ones who actually on our highway needs. It must be sub­ clearly spelled out, and hearings held on it, design the roads. Engineers, on their own mitted to Congress in January, 1972. This is before anyone could better speculate on pub­ and as a personal commitment, can do more not simply another report but will be the lic response. to make a particular project environmentally most comprehensive report of its kind ever Q. What role do you feel organizations like acceptable in a total way than can all the published. At the same time the Department the Highway Users Federation can play in laws Congress passes. of Transportation is otherwise preparing promoting highway transportation and I earnestly hope that the national will, study reports to assess the current condi­ safety activities? clearly spelled out by Congress, and backed tions and needs in all domestic modes of A. Organizations such as yours and others up by the lasting commitment of the people, transportation. in the private sector have continually made wm be so much a part of American life that What we are hoping to find, through these significant contributions toward improved it will be reflected in new highway designs reports and Congressional hearings, is the highway transper,tation and safety. The as a matter of policy. best solution to the problem of moving peo­ testimony of the organizations' officials at And I would hope that, where the environ­ ple and goods. No one who hopes to serve the our hearings in Washington have done much ment is disregarded, those who a.Pprove interests of the people of this country should to point up both the strengths and weak­ highway designs, and the people themselves, commence his search with the pre-condi­ nesses to current programs, and we look for­ will demand that highways be harmoniously tion that he has an advocacy for one mode ward to the continuation of such help and melded into the environment. over another. Transportation of all kinds is support. Highway builders may, at times, have to be vital to a great nation such as ours and the However, I do feel, as I mentioned previ­ backed up by legal authorization to incur means will have to be found to provide ex­ ously, that a great deal more could be done the additional expenses at times found to be panded facility for travelers of all kinds. to enlighten the general public about high­ necessary in furtherance of our environ­ The post Interstate demands for highways, ways, our need for them, the benefits to be mental goals. roads and streets are going to be much more 4062 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 2.5, 1971 extensive than most people seem to realize. aware of my own insignificance. I am one Agenc:9 bill, reminded businessmen of Any feeling abroad that with its completion among many. And yet this tradition gives this fact. we will have satisfied our motor , vehicle me the power to choose a life I can make I include the article as follows: needs is without an appreciation of where meaningful to the world. Every American we are going. Who can look at the condition may not achieve fame, but each .of tis is able A NEW START FOR CONSUMERS of our roads and, with an inkling of our to achieve greatness. by trying our best at Since marketplace cheating, deception a.nd future growth and population increases, con­ what • we can· do. When the best effort of conniving has not disappeared in recent clude that we are finished? While other each man joins, we will see a united Amer­ months, it is only right that Congress should modes of travel need expenditures to make ica, an America in which an immigrant vege­ again consider the large new package of and keep them viable, so does our system of table seller stands with prlde next to a consumer legislation offered last Wednesday motor vehicles. We have provided for those Supreme Court Justice. by Representatives Rosenthal, Eckhardt and needs in the past and I think we can ex­ It would be easy for me to merely accept others. Actually, many of the proposals are pect to see them provided for in the future, our freedom heritage and to enjoy my rights not new, having been presented-but not hopefully in an even better way. without concern for the endurance of liberty. passed-in the last session; but there is no But my love, of freedom has implanted reason why ideas, like bottles and paper, within me the responsibility of opposing should not be recycled and made new also. apathy wherever it lurks. Our freedom herit­ Among the proposals that are especially FREEDOM-OUR HERITAGE age is a constant reminder that no American needed is the bill creating an independent has the right to deny liberty to others, and consumer proteotion agency. Independent is that by that denial we are, in fact destroying the key word. The administration now has a the foundation of our own freedom. Let us consumer affairs office, but despite the good­ HON. HERMAN T. SCHNEEBELI foster a more progressive America by not only will of its director, Virginia H. Knauer, it OF PENNSYLVANIA recognizing the legally granted freedoms but usually does little more than growl or snap IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES also the socially granted freedom of in­ its teeth. Many believe Mrs. Knauer would dividuality. like to be tougher. But it is hard for any­ Thursday, February 25, 1971 These same freedoms brought people here body in the White House to be independent Mr. SCHNEEBELI. Mr. Speaker, 2 from all over the globe. Ivan Weiss didn't of a Republican administration which gets years ago, I had the pleasure of present­ understand the right to assemble; he didn't much of its support from men of commerce. know what freedom of speech was; he An independent agency would not have this ing in the RECORD the prize-winning couldn't even conceive of representative problem; the public interest would take speech of the national VFW Voice of democracy. AH he knew was that he had a priority before the private. Democracy Contest. The speech was chance to create here what he could not hope A second crucial item is the bill to permit given at the Veterans of Foreign Wars to make anywhere else. lawsuits by consumers as a class. Grouping annual Washington dinner by DonaldS. Our heritage of freedom will continue be­ together is often the only way justice can Elfenbein, at the time a junior at the cause of the work of young Americans. We be obtained cheaply; individual consumers John Harris High School in Harrisburg, have learned from the past and will move With a defective product costing, say, $300 into the future knowing that problems lie Will hardly take on the manufacturer in Pa. ahead, but that together, we can begin to It is now obvious that the eloquent court when legal costs wm total $500. Even solve them. America's tomorrows will be if you win, you lose. endorsement of our heritage is an Elfen­ shaped by letting our yesterdays teach to­ Despite the defensive howls of some busi­ bein family trait. Miss Emily Elfenbein, day,-and by remembering that freedom was ness men, the consumer movement should now a junior at the same Harrisburg strengthened in independence hall as well as in a busy airplane factory, by Neil Armstrong really be welcomed by the commercial com­ high school and a sister of Donald, has munity. If a seller is marketirg an honest, taking the first moon walk, and by a little won the Pennsylvania State contest this boy memorizing the Gettysburg address, dur­ durable, safe and fairly-priced product, what year, again sponsored by the VFW. Next ing a heated Senate debate on foreign policy, is there to worry about? The consumer will be his best friend. Marketplace self-regula­ month, she will come to Washington for and by two housewives discussing their the final judging in the nationwide con­ favorite candidates, by the men in the four tion generally has not worked, nor has gov­ test, in which over 400,000 students par­ thousand ships that waited off the coast of ernment regulation been especially firm. The ticipated. France, and by a businessman serving on a power must now be shared with the consum­ jury. er; for the money he is paying, he deserves It is with great pleasure that I submit it. young Miss Elfenbein's speech to be A heritage of _freedom was created by the Jeffersons, the Lincolns, and the Marti.a shared with my colleagues: Luther Kings, but it is kept auve by the Ivan FREEDOM-OUR HERITAGE Weisses, by all of us knowing that our work LEGISLATION TO PROTECT WILD (By Emily Elfenbein) is important to America, so that America may HORSES AND BURROS An old man in a worn vest and cap leans become more important to us. over his vegetable cart. He calls to the pass­ The Elfenbein family, John Harris ers-by with his thickly-accented voice. The HON. GILBERT GUDE sun is going down over this narrow Chicago High School, the Harrisburg community, OF MARYLAND the Veterans of Foreign Wars--and in­ street. It is time for him to return home. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He covers his wares affectionately, and as he deed all of us-can take pride in the out­ climbs into his wagon, he smiles. Ivan Weiss standing contribution of Emily Elfen­ Thursday, February 25, 1971 is happy! bein, and of her brother, Donald. Regard­ Mr. GUDE. Mr. Speaker, due to the Tliis man is no great politician or scholar. less of the outcome of the national com­ successful lobbying efforts of my 11-year­ He does not have a bank account or belong petition, I am sure my colleagues join in to a country club, but Ivan Weiss is differ­ old son, Gregory, I introduced legislation ent-different from previous generations of our congratulations and our sincere best to protect the remaining wild horses and his family--different from millions of other wishes to this fine sister-brother com­ burros of the West. The bill, H.R. 4220, people on earth. Ivan Weiss is free! bination. lias generated a great deal of enthusiasm, The United States has survived because particularly on the part of the young. of men like Ivan Weiss, men who lived sim­ I was especially moved by a letter I re­ ply, grateful that every breath they drew A NEW START FOR CONSUMERS was free, and who were eager to defend their ceived from a 9-year-old, Miss Natalie freedom. Eminent leaders established the Wilkins, the text of which follows: liberties we enjoy, but a myriad of unrec­ HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL JACKSON, MICH. ognized men helped preserve them. Famous DEAR CONGRESSMAN: I read in the news­ names dominate our history books and great • OF NEW YORK paper on how the eleven year old boy fights deeds are always remembered, but we cannot IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to save horses, and I write because that is allow these monumental contributions to Thursday, February 25, 1971 what I am doing. lessen the importance of every American's I think that the food stores could make contribution to protecting our freedom. Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, the pet fOod out of fiour and scraps instead of I have been handed a heritage of freedom, business community, next to the con­ kllling horses. and I know I must now hold fast to it, for sumer himself, has the biggest stake in Everytime the men come to kill the horses as an American youth, I am helping to build better consumer protection. Practices un­ for pet food I think you kill many children's a valuable inheritance for the next genera­ hearts. I am a nine year old girl and love ~ion. If I can discover my role in society, fair to the customer are obviously unfair horses. When I read the newspaper I felt then freedom Will never slip from my grasp. to honest businessmen who will not cut very badly. Until you do something about The story of the developing United States corners. it, you Will keep many children very sad. is rich with the powerful accomplishments The Washington Post, in a recent edi­ Sincerely, of heroes, and beside these men, I become torial endorsing my Consumer Protection Miss NATALIE WILKINS. February 25, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4063 ADDRESS AT LINCOLN ASSOCIATION ing at this man, I wanted to find how his Harbor Convention in Chicago. Here, for DINNER interests and mine could be joined. perhaps the first time, he was confronted "Abe" Lincoln, as everyone knows, was an with the full impact of the fast changing - '-- earthy, hun1.ble fellow, generally well-liked world in which he was living. Here, large IJ HON. PAUL FINDLEY by all who knew him. He was, in fact, the numbers of cattle were being processed for product of the society in which he matured. shipment to the East and for export to Eng­ OF ILLINOIS Everyone knows the popular staries about land, as well. Likewise, wheat V{as moving to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES his youth and young adulthood.... How the Eastern seaboard and farmers and wheat Thursday, February 25, 1971 he educated himself ... about his honesty buyers were hauling their golden grain by and sincerity ... about his business fallures wagon as far as 250 miles to take advantage Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, 2 weeks . . . and about his physical appearance. of the much more favorable Chicago market ago, our distinguished colleague from But what many of us fail to take into ac­ for their product. Colorado, the Honorable WAYNE AsPIN­ count is the society in which he developed All of these experiences were valuable to ALL, favored Abraham Lincoln's home­ and the role it played in shaping the many Lincoln in subsequent years bec.ause they town of Springfield, TIL, helping the com..: faces of the man. His was an exciting age in caused him to appreciate and recognize the the history of our country.... inter-dependence of the East and the West. munity celebrate this fau10us President's The West was beginning to emerge. It was natural that when he became Pres­ birthday. Congressman AsPINALL and his Canals and railroads were being built. ident, constructive progress followed. Al­ wife, together with Congressman and Immigrants were streaming in from Eu- though this period in the history books is Mrs. Roy Taylor, were i:r;lvited to be the rope. dominated by the great issues of the day­ guests of the city for the annual Abra­ Communications and news were expedited slavery and s.a.lvation of the Union-the ham Lincoln Association Dinner on by the telegraph. years of Lincoln's Administration resulted February 11. Present also was Gov. Iron-built, ocean-going steamships were in many significant accomplishments which plying the seas. resulted in the development of much of the Richard B. Ogilvie. Power-driven factories were coming into frontier. The occassion was indeed an inspiring their own. It is impossible to separate the Civil War one, made the more so by Congressman Villages were becoming towns and towns and President Lincoln from the other events AsPINALL's address to the distinguished were becoming cities. which took place .during his Administration. audience. When you come to Lincoln's Pork and grain were moving east and sew­ Except for the division of the North and hometown to speak on Lincoln you really ing machines and steel tools were being sent the South, free land might never have been back therefor. made available for the homesteaders--or if have your work cut out for you. Yet the so, at a much later date. In fact, just before gentleman from Colorado (Mr. ASPIN­ New inventions were entering the market­ the McCormick thresher and Bessemer smelt­ going out of office James Buchanan had ALL) demonstrated that he is indeed a ing process were making a tremendous im­ vetoed one version of the Homestead bill. Lincoln scholar of the first order and pact on his society. Without the need for the wealth discovered dealt with a little known phase of the The wilderness was being harnessed and during this period in the rich Rockies and Lincoln era. He reviewed many of the Abraham Lincoln was witnessing it all. All the Sierra Nevadas-where it was estimated around him, progress was on the march. He that at least $100 million worth of precious historic measures which were signed into metals were extracted-mineral develop­ law by President Lincoln-measures could undoubtedly see the. advantages flow­ ment would probably have proceeded at a such as the Homestead Act, the Pacific ing to the ordinary man as these changes exploded. New opportunities were opening much slower pace. Without an abundance of Railway bill, and the Morrill Act. for everyone-farmers, workingn1en, and lfree farm land, the immigration to the Congressman AsPINALL pointed out merchants. Capital and manufacturing, how­ United States of tens of thousands of Britons, that: Irishmen, Germans, and Scandinavians may ever, were concentrating in the East; the not have taken place. And without the de­ Though the President's time was devoted raw materials to make the goods were coming velopment of a uniform transportation net­ primarlly to the successful prosecution of from the West and South. work, the movement of people and goods the War; the accomplishments of his Ad­ Like the railroads and the flow of commerce westward, and of agricultural and mineral re­ ministration made the public domain pro­ the telegraph was tying the Nation together sources to the eastern factories, would have duce th~ greatest good for the greatest into a firmer Union. At the same time, the been seriously impaired. number of people. steady stream of cash was concentrating The War and the West were inextricably greater economic and political power in one This is a side of Abraham Lincoln too intertwined. Except for the open territory, region of the country . .Things were changing the Missouri Compromise might have worked little explored. As great as was his con­ fast in the mid-1800s and, as always, these and slavery might have been left to even­ tribution to saving the Union, equally changes had far-reaching social and political tually dissipate by its own weight. But the great was his contribution toward ex­ effects. West was there and there was strong public panding and developing the Union within Abraham Ll.ncoln observed these changes opinion that slavery should not be extended its continental boundaries. and lived wi:th the people who felt their into it. Instead, the new frontier was to be Here is the text of his speech: impact. Theirs was a rugged life. Here in his open to free men-the poor and the home­ own hometown, he watched the population less-who were willing to t111 the soil and ABRAHAM LINCOLN: A MAN OF TIMELESS expand more than four-fold while the pop­ convert it to productive uses. VISION IN A TIME OF TuRMOIL ulation of the Nation swelled from 23 million Before being sworn in as President of the "We live in the midst of alarms; anxiety to 31 million-2 mill1on more than Great United States, Abraham Lincoln had said beclouds the future; we expect some new Britain. As the people came, he watched the "I am in favor of cutting up the wild lands disaster with each newspaper we read. Are frontier pass beyond Illinois to the vast into parcels so that every poor man may we in a healthful political state? Are not the territory of the Far West. Thousands of set­ have a home." And the platform of his tendencies plain? Do not the signs of the tlers were moving s·lowly westward in long party called for the enactment of a Home­ times paint plainly the way in which we are wagon trains convinced that there they stead measure. In May, 1862, that pledge going?" would find themselves a better life-perhaps w.as fulfilled. Those are not my words, as some of you on a cheap farm with rich lands or by find­ "It was easy," Carl Sandburg wrote, "to may know, but are taken from a speech de­ ing precious minerals and becoming rich. sign the Homestead bill . . . giving a farm livered over 100 years ago by the man that ·As the people moved westward, the de­ free to any man who wanted to put a plow all America honors each year at this time­ mands for internal improvements increased­ to unbroken sod." It was never considered Abraham Lincoln. the extension of the railroads was essential unpatriotic, or undesirable in any way to No one can come in contact with the words to commerce, free land was needed for the transfer title to these wild, naked lands to and thoughts of Abraham Lincoln without homeless and the poor, and education was those who could put them to a useful pur­ being constantly surprised and impressed by considered a public necessity. Of course, as pose for the ultimate good of all. Most peo­ their timeless quality. Lincoln's place in his­ these demands became popular, they took ple felt that the resources should be put tory was assured far better or worse simply on greater political significance. to work to improve the standard of living because of the times in which he lived, but With this background, at 25, Abraham for everyone. it was his ability to reach out and touch Lincoln was elected as a Whig to the State And hundreds of thousands came to claim the minds of men in other times and other legislature. Together with his colleagues, a home-some were Americans and others places that has given him the stature that he not only succeeded in shifting the location would become Americans. Out of Europe, places him among the great men of all time. of the State capital to Springfield, but he also where disease, and hunger, and hate haunted Students of Lincoln have been rewarded helped develop a plan for extensive internal the lands, the call of America's unlimited by the richness of his character for years and improvements within his State. He recognized space beckoned. With these immigrants most of his many faces have been explored the importance of railway and canal trans­ came the skills, the knowledge, and the man­ and examined in great detail. While this has portation to the economic growth not only power needed in our young and troubled allowed us to enjoy the fruits of their labor, of the local communities, but to the entire country. And because they came, the forces I want to concentrate on an aspect of Lin­ Nation. of the North never lacked vitality. coln which few people &.eldom touch so that After he was elected to serve in the 30th Another element of the Lincoln program we can better know the whole man. In look- Congress, Lincoln attended the River .and was embodied in the Pacific Railway B111 of 4064 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 25, 1971

1862. It, too, was said to fulfill a "m.ilit.a.ry men and I declare ... that nothing could Abraham Lincoln had many faces during necessity," but the great railroad bullding atford me more satisfaction than to learn his lifetime, but they all had one objective-­ era probably more than anything else drew that you and others of my young friends are a better America for all. As a result of his the East and West Coasts closer together. doing battle in contest, and endearing them­ dream for our country, he planted the seeds The development of the transcontinental selves to the people, and taking a stand which salvaged the Union and e~panded the railways beoa.m.e the path of many of the pio­ far above any I have ever been able to reach opportunities for all of our countrymen. It neers who streamed westward for decades in their admiration. I cannot conceive that is a pleasure for me to have this opportunity after and, even today, they play a critical other old men feel differently. Of course I to pay tribute to his greatness. role in the flow of the Nation's commerce. cannot demonstrate what I say; but I was The na.tiona.l investment in the railway young once, and I am sure I wa.s never un­ In introducing Mr. AsPINALL Govemor system involved thousands of acres of un­ generously thrust back. . . . The way for a Ogilvie made the following remarks: settled lands of the public domain, as well young man to rise is to improve himself "Although Congressman Aspinall ls a son as a substantial monetary investment. To­ every way he can, never suspecting that of the Midwest, I am afraid we can claim very gether these induced the desired expansion. anybody wishes to hinder him. . . . You are little of hdm, for he moved to Colorado at an Trackage in 1850 had totaled only slightly far better informed on almost all subjects. early age when it was still on the western more than 9,000 miles, but by 1865, it had than I have ever been. You cannot fail in any fringe of the Amerlca.n frontier. increased to more than 35,000 miles. laudable object unless you allow your mind "His state had not yet joined the Union The third great Act involving the public to be improperly directed. I have somewhat when Abraham Lincoln left Springfield for domain approved during the Lincoln Admin­ the advantage of you in the world's expe­ the White House, but the great industrial ex­ iatration was the Morrill Act of 1862 which rience, merely by being older; and it is this pansion of Lincoln's time assured its later granted large amounts of land to the States that induces me to advise." settlement and eventual statehood. That eco­ to encourage the establishment of agricul­ Those words then apply as well today as nomic expansion, and especially the exten­ tural colleges which are now popularly known they did when Lincoln wrote them to his sion of the railroads to span the continent, as Land Grant Colleges. young friend. Hindsight may help us to see is an aspect of Lincoln's administration Though the President's time was devoted tlh.e error of a decision or course of action which is often overlooked amid the attention primarily to the successful prosecution of which was made by those who preceded us-­ to the war which divided the young nation. the war, these accomplishments of his Ad­ and we should use such experience to avoid For it is truly remarkable that in an age ministration made the public domain pro­ mistakes-but otherwise hindsight is a small of savage civil war, the cornerstones and duce the greatest good for the greatest num­ comfort to u.s when decisions must be made railroad ties of a century 'of progre&:; were ber of people. These basic enactments began in the contemporary world. being laid. It was that progress which nudged the real development of the agricultural This home can tell our children and the the adolescent America into dynamic ma­ domain of the West. generations following them that a humble turity. And it is that same progress which As you know, Abraham Lincoln did not man of modest means can advance to the continues unabated more than a hundred seek renomination in 1848. He then returned top by working within "the system". Here in years 1"8/ter, which now taxes our abil!i ty to to his home here in Springfleld. He had Springfield, Abraham Lincoln developed the protect and preserve those vital remnants of tried, belatedly and unsuccessfully, to be compassion and common sense which made our national youth, those irreplaceable links appointed Commissioner of the General Land him one of the Nation's most outstanding to the heritage which binds us together as Office. Later, he was offered the territorial leaders, but he did it largely on his own by Americans. It is in the face of that challenge governorship of Oregon, but he refused it. developing his natural abilities. that we in Springfield and throughout Illi­ Instead, he quit politics and pursued his Needless to say, we all have moments when nois---and especially those of you in the Abra­ profession. For 5 years or so, he traveled ex­ we are frustrated, and disappointed, and dis­ ham Lincoln Association--seek to preserve tensively on the circuit; trying cases by day gusted with things as they are. We all have and protect the Lincoln Home area. Because and spinning the best-told stories in Illinois moments when we feel that "the system" is the spirit and the wisdom of Lincoln so per­ by night. wrong, but that does not entitle us to assume vade thJ.s community, because his legacy of When he was at home, he lived in the that only we could be right and therefore brotherhood and patriotism is so vital to white frame house with green blinds and permit us to secede from our society. If we this troubled age, we seek to make this shrine white chimneys at 8th and Jackson Streets. don't like the way a driver handles his car, of his life--the only home he ever owned­ Here he shoveled a path in the snow in we don't jump out of the speeding vehicle; more than just a local concern. We seek to front of the house, curried his horse, put if we are riding a hijacked airliner, it doesn't keep alive that heritage, the heritage of axle grease on his buggy wheels and did all make sense to bail out; likewise, if we don't liberty and decency which unites unique and of the other things one does around his like the system, we shouldn't "cop out". We disparate entitles like the Rocky Mountain home. This was the humble, industrious able have to learn to live with it--to improve on State and the Prairie State, and preserve it and loyal citizen being prepared for the it if we can-to change it through estab­ as the heritage of American nationhood. Our heaviest responsibility to be placed on the lished procedures if we must, but we must speaker this evening is uniquely qualified for shoulders of any citizen of his era. In spite always remember that individually we are the assignment, for he has spent a sig­ of his humble nature, however, he never only one person and that the views and nificant portion of his life preserving that forgot Washington-his wife wouldn't let ideas of others might be equally as valid as heritage. him-both had hopes for the future. our own. Persuasion is the talent combining A veteran of both wars, he now serves as Many of you here are interested in this reasonable arguments to attain a reasonable chairman of the influential House Commit­ modest home of Abraham Lincoln. All objective and if we, as a Nation, are to suc­ tee on Interior and Insular Mairs and is Americans can be interested in it-- ceed, we must continue to solve our differ­ unofficial watchdog of the nation's precious Not because of its physical prominence, ences of opinion in a way that allows the natural resources. There isn't time tonight for it is not an architectural masterpiece; majority to prevail. When the majority ap­ to recite his long list of contributions to the Not because it can house memorabil1a of pears to be headed down the wrong path, cause of better government, but I don't think the past, for any building can serve as a then it is our job to persuade the people I'm giving away any secrets when I tell you museum; that the decision is wrong rather than jump­ that he has been serving in positions of civic But rather because it tells something of ing out, or bailing out, or "copping out". responsibility for more than half a century. this man, just by silently letting it tell its This was the nature of Abraham Lincoln. We are honored by his presence here to­ own story. There is a timeless quality about his wisdom. night." It can tell people that while he lived in his Springfield home he continued to ma­ Even those who would insist that "the sys­ ture and grow intellectually. As he traveled tem" is full of flaws and who would use its weaknesses to excuse themselves from all GUY J. MACKEY the circuit, he could feel the pulse of pub­ responsib111ty would do well to study his lic opinion. In his spare moments he could reflect on his philosophy. He never disre­ words. Over 100 years ago, he said: garded the lessons of experience, but he "The real question involved ... was HON. EARL F. LANDGREBE whether full and representative government tried to learn from them and improve upon OF INDIANA the'IIl. In fact, he once commended a jour­ had a right and power to protect and main­ nal for its content because it told not only tain itself. Admit the right of a minority to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the results of a successful experiment, but secede at will, and the question for such Thursday, February 25, 1971 related the failures of the unsuccessful ones. secession would almost as likely be any other This home can tell its visitors that Lincoln as the slavery question." Mr. LANDGREBE. Mr. Speaker, it was valued the advice of older and more expe­ We must remember that at one time or with great sadness that I heard of the rienced people, while at the same time he another we are all part of a minority of one death yesterday of one of the great men understood the ambitions and anxieties of kind or another and that only by learning of American sport, Guy J. "Red" Mackey. youth in his society. Once, in response to his to live together can our system successfully I knew Red Mackey personally, and young law partner, he wrote: accomplish the goals which we set for it. "Your letter is exceedingly painful to me; Abraham Lincoln recognized this basic con­ there was never a more dedicated or and I cannot but think there is some mis­ cept and this, perhaps more than anything warmhearted human being. Nor was take in your impression of the motives of else, can be told at the house at 8th and there ever one with more ability to do old men. I suppose I am now one of the old Jackson Streets in Springfield, Illinois. the job he set out to do. February 25, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4065 Over the years, those familiar with Through the years thousands of young ''FREEDOM-OUR HERITAGE'' the collegiate athletic scene knew Pur­ men have gained valuable skills in par­ due University to be a major power, liamentary procedure, public speaking, whether it was on the football field, the the proper conduct of a meeting, and HON. DONALD D. CLANCY basketball floor or any other sporting cooperation with their fellow students. OF OHl:O field. Purdue's prowess is legendary, with Future Farmers have developed pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a special flair for winning the big games grams of individual and community bet­ Thursday, February 25, 1971 and beating the top teams. As athletic terment such as recreational activities, director of Purdue, Red Mackey was a educational tours, and farm and home Mr. CLANCY. Mr. Speaker following major factor in that great success. safety campaigns. They have been known is a speech, "Freedom-Our Heritage," Red Mackey will be sorely missed, but to organize local chambers of commerce written by Miss Paulette Schi.nkal, 4551 his legacy lives on in the fine teams he where none existed and to organize and Ebenezer Road, Cincinnati, Ohio, for the helped to build and the sterling char­ manage community fairs. Frequently, Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United acter of the thousands of young men who they have taken on such jobs as the States Voice of Democracy Contest. Miss played for Purdue's Boilermakers over landscaping and beautification of school Schinkal's speech was judged the win­ the years. and church grounds in their local com­ ning entry from the State of Ohio. Mrs. Landgrebe and I extend our deep­ munities. She is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. est sympathies to Red Mackey's widow Vocational agricultural and FFA, Paul W. Schinkal, and is a senior at and family, as well as his millions of which were predominantly rural-based Mother of Mercy High School in Cin­ friends in the Purdue community and programs of 10 years ago, are now found cinnati. the State of Indiana. His like will not be in the high schools of many urban areas. I a.m pleased to include in the CoN­ soon seen again. Although the classroom instruction of GRESSIONAL RECORD this excellent speech the urban student may be distinctly dif­ written by one of Ohio's promising young ferent than that of the rural students, citizens. The speech follows: both still receive the leadership-char­ FREEDOM--OUR HERITAGE 'SALUTE TO THE FUTURE FARMERS acter building benefits of FFA. It was a cold day this past November 3rd. OF AMERICA Never before has there been a greater My hands were stiff from the cold, and the need for leaders from the ranks of Amer­ wind blew through the layers of clothing HON. ORVAL HANSEN ican youth. Leaders who are creative, that I wore. I was standing in front of the constructive, and compassionate. Leaders polling place this election day handing ou..t OF mAHO who can bind our Nation together and sample ballots. It was 5:30 P.M., and only IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES one hour remained for the people to vote­ help mobilize our boundless energies and one hour for them to decide how they were Thursday, February 25, 1971 resources to solve the problems we face. going to mold the nation. Mr. HANSEN of Idaho. Mr. Speaker, Based on past performance and future As I stood there waiting for the voters promise, programs of vocational agri­ to pass by, I thought about a lot of things. this week we are observing National Fu­ I thought of the school across the street ture Farmers of America Week in honor culture and the Future Farmers of America organization are deserving of where I had attended kindergarten. I heard ·of an organization of young men playing the bells ringing a mile-and-a-half away ·a vital role in assuring the future prog­ all the support and encouragement we from our newly-built church. I realized that ress and prosperity of our Nation. can give. behind me history was being made. The very FFA members are youth partners in As local chapters of the FFA meet this people whom I called neighbors, parents, 'developing a more prosperous American week all across America, I ask that my friends were deciding the future of our coun­ agriculture. They are preparing them­ colleagues join me in saluting the thou­ try, our state, our neighborhood-ME. They selves for roles of leadership in America's sands of outstanding young men of this were deciding my future, mine and that of dedicated organization. future generations. 'agricultural future. I thought of the two little fiags behind The FAA is composed of students who me that marked the polling place. How small 'are studying vocational agriculture in the they were, but what they represented was a 'public schools in preparation for careers bigger thing-one not easily measured, one in farming, ranching, and related fields. NIXON'S ACCELERATED CANCER not measured by size. These fiags reminded in studying the science of agriculture PROGRAM me of our freedom-freedom. to vote, to de­ 'these Future Farmers are striving con­ cide whom we, the people of this nation, tinuously to improve this great industry want to lead us in our quest for freedom. HON. JOHN T. MYERS I was reminded of what a great heritage for the welfare of all citizens. we have here in America-a heritage built Agriculture is and has always been the OF INDIANA on freedom and built by men, women, and ·strength of our Nation. America was IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES children much like ourselves. It started with founded on a fertile soil by industrious Thursday, February 25, 1971 a journey across a wild and free ocean to a colonists who believed in integrity, hon­ wild, but free Iand-a journey from tyranny esty, and dignity of work. Today, while Mr. MYERS. Mr. Speaker, there are to freedom. No, not built up all at once, but many reason why I believe the admin­ a foundation was laid, and as the years 'the problems of feeding a crowded and passed by each generation added bricks, and 'hungry world are affecting the political istration's accelerated cancer program be based sadly enough, a few knocked some down, but and economic course of all nations, it is should within the framework even so, each generation strives to build on more important than ever that agricul­ of the National Institutes of Health. But this foundation--each in its own way. ture in America remain strong. none of them appear to me to be as im­ Our freedom-it was, it is, and will be The FFA has performed the valuable portant as the need for trained and ex­ built by people with a dream-a dream of service of developing leadership, encour­ perienced manpower. We speak in terms something just a little bit better, something aging cooperation, promoting good citi­ of independence for the proposed new better not only for ourselves, but with future zenship, teaching sound methods of agency, forgetting-possibly-that the generations in mind-something that re­ is quires taking on great responsibllitles, facing farming and inspiring patriotism among nexus of research interdependence. grave hardships, even perhaps, giving up its members. As a longtime member of Interdependence sets off sparks and new one's life. Giving up one's life so that others FFA and a former State president in ideas and motivates people. might be free-free to talk, to worship, to Idaho, I can attest to the positive effect Could the proposed new agency ac­ vote, to dissent, to live in the way each sees that involvement in FFA has on the cumulate the necessary manpower and best, but best not only for oneself, but for direction a young nan's life will take. fit them into harness any more success­ all. The National Future Farmers of fully than has been done by the National Yes, as we build this heritage a few bricks cancer Institute at NIH? I sincerely may be lost; that is, mistakes will be made, 'America organization was launched at have been made. We can, however, learn Kansas City, Mo., November 1928, doubt it, and for that reason, I add my from our mistakes-learn from them and 'and has grown to an active membership voice to those who see the National Can­ avoid them in the future. The emphasis ·of over 450,000 in 9,000 local high school cer Institute as the agent for the ac­ should always be on the building up, and chapters located in rural and urban areas celerated cancer programs and the Na­ not the tearing down. For if we t,ear down throughout the 50 States and Puerto tional Institutes of Health as its proper our heritage, what do we have left but pieces Rico. location. of brick and mortar. 4066 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 25, 1971 As 6:30 is drawing near, and the last voters course, once it is achieved it will seem academicians, political figures, and pol­ are coming, I think of my role in this. At obvious., just as rights to religious liberty and lution experts; and as long as they were first thought I feel I have done nothing-! the equality of all men seem obvious prin­ haven't voted, I can't, not yet anyway. But ciples today, :P,ardly useful fur argument. there, they set up circulation and adver­ then a proud, may_be vain little thought Often we forget that these apparently eternal tising departments, consisting mainly of pops into my mind, and I think, "Well: truths were once consd.dered heresy. college students receiving commissions maybe, just maybe, by handing out these For every positive force, there comes a on subscriptions they sold. Having every­ sample ballots, supporting the candidates I negative reaction. For every one person seek­ thing they needed except a magazine, believe to be best, I am adding just one ing more actual freedom, there is, was, and money, or even a manuscript, they drew small brick to the construction oi' freedom­ always will be, at least one other person a cartoon figure of a woebegone eagle, my heritage." saying, "No! This is too much. Now they're complete with gas mask and air tanks going too far." There is, was, and always will be, at least one person putting up new looking forelornly out to sea from a bare limits on freedom, or re-bl.Lilding old ones. tree limb. His motto: r•u you can see it, FREEDOM-OUR HERITAGE The common man comes in here. Not you shouldn't breathe it." everyone has a vision; not everyone destroys That done, they decided to draw on visions or knocks down visionaries. There is whatever resources were available. Mike HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE a vast number of apathetic, powerless indi­ Meyers, vice president of Environmental viduals who would have controlling power Quality magazine, explained how: .OF MASSACHUSETTS in the country if they would just wake u.p . IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES They could resist the fear and greed which We would just call up people and say, "Do the destroyers use if _they would stand, every you want to help save the environment?" Thursday, February 25, 1971 day, against the spider-web ba:t:riers con­ They'd say, "sure" and we'd say, "What are Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, the follow­ stantly being spun into gross injustices. you doing about it?" Then we'd tell them Today, the "silent majority" has been what they could do. ing is the State of Massachusett's win­ assigned arbitrary colors, desires and opin­ ning essay in the Voice of Democracy ions _by the few. Barrier-builders are using Environmental Quality's success will Contest sponsored by the Veterans of the supposed "will of' the majority" to ex­ depend on how much it's not needed; the Foreign Wars of the United States and cuse frighte:q.ingly restrictive actions. The less that is needed to be done about pol­ its ladies auxiliary. It was composed by people must resist false categorization, espe­ lution, the less you'll need the magazine. Veronica Lewis, a 17-year-old student at cially when it is used to front as popular E.Q.M. will be useful toward the allevia­ Westfield High School who resides at 31 support f-or potential limits of freedom. tion and the eventual solution of our Na­ Woodside Terrace in Westfield, Mass. The only way each person can prevent old tion's pollution problems: Better to en­ areas of freedom from being removed and Her essay, "Freedom-Our Heritage,'' new ones from being thwarted is to use his joy the beauty of the earth, the silence of is both timely and thought provoking. power as a citizen. The power of a citizen a breeze, the serenity of an untouched We can all be proud of her achievement. lies in the extent to which he educates and meadow, the clearness of the sky, and The essay follows: interests himself in the world around him, the purity of flowing water. They know FREEDOM-OUR HERITAGE and in the amount of time and effort he that if they can gain the participation (By Veronica M. Lewis) is willing to .give to back his beliefs. and cooperation of individuals and It is when conscientious citizens consider If America has a heritage of freedom, why groups in writing to their political rep­ the limits of and encourage our actual free­ resentatives, government will respond are so many Americans being denied their dom, that we can move a few steps closer to rights? The answer lies in certain definitions. ideal freedom. with a great degree of effort toward solv­ Complete freedom, like complete peace, is ing environmental problems. Everyone an abstract ideal. Actual freedom, the free­ must deal with the public's priorities on dom we have or feel we should have at any the pressing issue of ecology. given moment, depends for its limits on the extent to which our minds can define ideal POLLUTION CRUSADERS Every individual must do his or her or complete freedom. Freedom as an accom­ p81rt to end this "creeping pollution," be­ plished fact, then, is not our heritage; free­ cause procrastination can only result in dom as an ultimate goal is. HON. BARRY M. GOLDWATER, JR. a slow death for our Nation and its in­ The now-famous Pilgrims, "seeking free­ OF CALIFORNIA habitants. Our country needs everyone's dom from religious oppression", did not con­ help and consideration to rid itself of ceive of any freedom necessary to human IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES­ environmental problems. Each day the dignity other than the specific freedom for Thursday, February 25, 1971 their own sect from outside religious perse­ environmental issues seem to be gather­ cution. Similarly, the signers of the Declara­ Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. Speaker, anew ing more and more support and publicity. tion of Independence and the Constitution spirit is stirring in the land, inspired by The sad fact is, with the cold facts star­ haC. no thought of the freedoms we regard a breed of Americans who see the fight ing them straight in the face, most peo­ as "constitutionally guaranteed" today. Their against pollution as a crusade. They ple feel satisfied by reading an article on definition of proper, hence perfect, freedom come from both sides of the generation the environment or putting a bumper was much broader than that of the Pilgrims; sticker on their car. Identifying with a it was much narrower than those of succeed­ gap, from all races, and economic levels. ing generations. This is why freedom cannot They show a sense of faith that there is dilemma doesn't solve the problem. Each be regarded as a package tied up with red, no act of negligence which human in­ person must be involved: Putting off buy­ white and blue ribbon-its scope changes and genuity, compassion, and integrity can­ ing products that pollute, joining organi­ broadens as each new generation examines not set aright if we act in time. zations which are educating and com­ and reacts against its own particular restric­ If you berate today's college crowd for municating the problems and their tions. Today the range of freedom is wider being lazy take heed. A handful of Los solutions, contacting administrative than that which was first considered perfect agencies making the system work, sup­ freedom. Generations from now, the range Angeles students became involved in the of freedom will probably have been rede­ ecology movement. As Ira Ritter, presi­ porting those candidates who have taken fined to a point where we would not be able dent of Environmental Quality magazine a strong stand against pollution, and to recognize it. The Constitution, by inter­ said: writing elected representatives in Gov­ pretation, has gone beyond its original re­ We're interested in the ecology crisis and ernment. Unlike other animals, we have strictions of freedom to become a ground went to a newsstand to find a magazine to minds and hands, with opposable thumbs from which boundaries can be pushed back inform us about pollution problems. There and energy. The shadows of pollution almost indefinitely. wasn't any available. We had the idea to can fade. The only problem is to direct But who_ will create the freedom of start one. our energies, now. tomorrow? Certainly not the people who are busy narrowing the boundaries of today. Knowing absolutely nothing about the Some of the major problems associated The first men to see a greater freedom than magazine-publishing business, and th-ere­ with environmental disintegration is the their Puritan brethren were exiled; the first fore not knowing what they were at­ identification of potential hazards, and leaders fur a country of greater freedom tempting was impossible, they started the failure of individuals and society to were on the "most wanted" list of the with an initial investment in a couple of accept the responsibility for maintaining British government. The people who Will a healthfill environment. In creating a bring us one step closer to ultimate freedom plane tickets east. First to Washington, tomorrow are today's and tomorrow's out­ where they knocked on doors and found healthful, pleasant environment, criteria casts. They will show America her limita­ many governmental representatives lend­ must be set up to consider the impor­ tions again and again, long after people have ing support. Then on to New York, tance of community planning and pride. become "sick of hearing that same old Boston, Chicago, San Francisco, and Potential hazards to the environment whine", until a new area is opened up. Of Berkeley, gaining an unending list of must be evaluated in terms of immedi- February 25, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4067 ate and long-range effects on health; coin University, Pennsylvania, which is from the School of Hillel, with whose disci­ causes, effects, and means for the control in my district, has sent me a copy of his ples he studied in his youth. His was as a of specific problems which will predict­ "revised version" of "Thou shalt love thy article on the Golden Rule. Because I feel neighbor as thyself," from the Book of Levi­ ably develop in the future. In order to Dr. Weitz' thoughts may be meaningful ticus, Chapter 19. Both Hillel and Jesus re­ effect a more healthful environment the to all of us, I am taking the liberty of garded the "Golden Rule" as a summation following must be made clear: having it printed in the RECORD: of the spirit of Jewish lore, not only in their First. A concept of ecology. Many experiences in life are reflected from own time, but for all time, as recorded in the Second. The role of individuals and the Golden Rule. The usual term for this par­ Talmud for one, and the New Testament for groups in preventing health hazards, or allel, credited to the New Testament, was the other. (Sab. 31a.) (Matthew 7:12.) minimizing environmental health enuciated in Matthew, Chapter 7, Verse 12, The Golden Rule is not merely a summa­ hazards. and in Luke, Chapter 6, Verse 31, in the tion of man's search for the divine as an words, "All things whatsoever ye would that equation in balance with fellow-man. It is as Third. The role of the Government in men should do unto you, do you even so unto a signpost on the pilgrimage of living: a controlling environmental health them.'• Its underlying perspective is recip­ means and an end, together, in the process hazards. rocal relationship in conduct: a reflection in and purpose of life. It derives its sanction Fourth. The importance of scientific character of one to another: a translation not so much from sacred citation, as in hu­ and technological advances. from creed to deed, from thought to act. man situation. It is a translation of the Fifth. Controlling environmental prob­ But the Golden Rule glowed in the life and sacred word to the daily deed. It belongs lems is costly and will need financial sup­ labor of mankind long before this poetic and more to the work for character, as well as port from the individual and society. philosop-hic framework in the New Testament. to the word of God. It truly is not so much It is known to have been a precept of conduct a .m.atter of information, as formation itself, Sixth. Industry can have a positive or by Thales of Miletus (640-546 B.C.E.) when for human conduct and reflected from the a negative effect on the environment. he was asked by a companion, "How should wisdom of the centuries emanating from the Seventh. The relation between com­ man live justly?" and when he answered him divine words sought and caught by those who munity interest and mobile population. and the world through him, "If we never do shed their light as reflected from ancient Unfortunately while modern technol­ ourselves what we 'blame in others." (Di­ gems so that they illumine their world-and ogy has improved man's income, it is de­ ogenes Laertius, Thales 8) ours--with the enchantment and content­ stroying his environment. Now man must Across the horizons of the world, and but ment of good deeds daily done. Less cannot learn to advance yet conserve his sur­ some years removed, the great scholar of be done ... more need not be expected, than China, with the wisdom of the Orient, Con­ the Golden Rule as synonymous for life it­ roundings. fucius (550-480 B.C.E.), issued his famous self. Americans will be deprived of a decent edict to his generation and thereby to all quality of life unless this country de­ mankind, "Do not do unto others that which velops an intelligent management system ye would not have done to you." COUNTERATTACK: THE PROBLEM to coordinate, plan, and develop the In the same Century, possibly, the prince OFPOLLUTON future. who sought meaning of life but could not Environmental Quality magazine is a find it until he found meaning in life, while constructive step toward solving our meditating under the banyan tree in Ceylon, Buddha (about 500 B.C.E.), discovered in HON. CRAIG HOSMER country's environmental problems. With silence before he spoke in eloquence, the OF CALIFORNIA out the dissemination of information theme of centuries, "But what is displeasing IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES about the environmental crises that exist, and disagreeable to me, myself, should not I our Nation can only deteriorate. Every do it to another?" or "Hurt not others with Thursday, February 25, 1971 individual must be informed about the that which pains yourself." ( Udanavarga 5, Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, during the crisis now occurring. They must be 18.) past several years the Christian Science shown a course of positive action. Other significant sources for this keystone in the arch of conduct as a gateway for man Monitor has impressed and delighted I concur with Environmental Quality in his search for meaning are: many of us with its comprehensive arti­ magazine's view that congressional hear­ Hinduism: "This is the sum of duty; do cles on the major problems facing ings would help develop better communi­ naught to others which if done to thee, would America today. The Monitor's coverage cations between Government and the in­ cause thee pain." (Mahabharata 5, 1517.) of the environmental problem, in par­ dividual citizen. Islam: "No one of you is a believer until he ticular, has been among the best by any An acute awareness of these disastrous loves for his brother what he loves for him­ major American newspaper. problems is necessary to save man and self." (Traditions.) In a series entitled "Counter Attack," his precious environment from destruc­ Janism: "In happiness and suffering, in joy the Monitor examines nine different tion and eventual extinction. This hu­ and grief, we should regard all creatures as we regard our own self, and should therefore problems of public policy and suggests man awareness can only be accomplished refrain from inflicting upon others such in­ what action citizens might take to deal through the joining together of every in­ jury as would appear undesirable to us if in­ with them. One article from this series, dividual. The Environmental Quality flicted upon ourselves." (Yogashastra 2, 20). by Peter C. Stuart, discusses the prob­ magazine is a very important source of Sikhism: "As thou deemest thyest so deem lem of pollution in the light of what all this awareness. Every individual can be­ others. Then shalt thou become a partner in of us, as individuals, can do about it. The come an integral spoke in the wheel of heaven." (Kabir.) article follows: environmental change and progress. En­ Taoism: "Regard your neighbor's gain as your own gain; and regard your neighbor's COUNTER ATTACK: POLLUTION, WHAT YoU CAN vironmental Quality magazine can pro­ Do mote useful legislation in the environ­ loss as your own loss." (T'ai Shang Kan Ying mental area. P'ien.) (By Peter c. Stuart) While exposing our major polluters, Zoroastrianism: "That nature only is good WAsHINGTON.-By day, Dr. Ellis L. Yochel­ when it shall not do unto another whatever son pokes through paleontology collections the magazine presents the positive steps is not good for its own self." (Dadistran-i­ in the silent depths of the Smithsonian In­ being taken by the majority of businesses dinik 94, 5.) stitution. His specialty: fossilized snails. to stop the ruin of our natural resources. It may come as a surprise to many to learn But evenings and weekends, on the rost­ I urge each of my colleagues to read that the first instance in Jewish literature rums and doorsteps of the suburban com­ this excellent publication. The Environ­ of the Golden Rule is refiected from the glow munity where he lives, he is making environ­ mental Quality magazine offices are lo­ of a sentence in the Book of Tobit, Chapter mental history. cated at 6355 Topanga Boulevard, Wood­ 4, Verse 15,-in the Apocrypba-and probably His town, Bowie, Md., is believed to be the dated from 200 Before the Common Era to first in the country to ban the sale of soft land Hills, Calif. about 100 Before the Common Era: "And drinks and beer in non-returnable contain­ what thou thyself hatest do to no man." ers. And Dr. Yochelson, more than anyone The great sage, Hillel, who lived during the else, is responsible. First Century before the Common Era, pre­ "It was one thing that we could do," he GOALS OF THE "GOLDEN RULE" sented a summation of Jewish teaching when says simply. a would-be convert asked him for a sentence­ Until about a year ago, the softspoken sci­ HON. JOHN WARE summary of the Jewish faith, "while stand­ entist was no more concerned about environ­ ing on one foot," as it were. Hillel told him mental protection than millions of his fellow OF PENNSYLVANIA "What is hateful to thyself, do not unto thy American commuters. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fellowman." "De alach sani lehahrach la tha Then came Earth Day, and he was asked to Thursday, February 25, 1971 abid." (Sab. 31a.) speak to a group of students in a 12th-grade The founder of Christianity gave a differ­ "Problem of Democracy" course at Bowie Mr. WARE. Mr. Speaker, Dr. Martin M. ent turn to this very formula, even though Senior High School. Choosing a subject came Weitz, director, interfaith studies, Lin- in all likelihood he knew it as Jewish lore easily. 4068 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 2.5, 1971

NATURAL INTEREST HELPS Miscellaneous tlon issue. Officeholders who make environ­ "I have a natural interest in solid waste," Eliminate unnecessary electrical appli­ mental policy must stand for reelection. he explained, with a paleontologist's fascina­ ances. Generating electricity can pollute both Study their records. For congressmen, the tion for life's leftovers. "An aluminium can air and water. League of Conservation Voters in Washing­ is going to stay around as long as a billion Shun a powerboat for a canoe or sailboat. ton publishes charts plotting the environ­ years. A glass bottle, for all practical pur­ Operate radio, television, phonograph at mental voting record of each member. poses, forever." respectfully low volume. Check car muffier Then campaign actively. It works. In the He talked to the student.s---elassmates of and consider soundproofing garage. Exchange last congressional elections, Environmental his own son-about the need for recycling power lawn mower for manual model. Noise, Action targeted for defeat a "dirty dozen" con tatners. too, pollutes. congressmen With poor environmental rec­ "It's one thing to talk about a problem, but Don't buy a.nim.al fur or leather. ords. Seven lost, and an eighth fell within quite another to do something about it," he Thoughtfully plan f·amily size. one percentage point of losing. said, fixing the visitor with dark, gentle eyes A conscientious citizen who practices Report polluters to the authorities. Most in a face framed by great clumps o! black­ some--or even all--of these suggestions will pollution is outlawed by laws already on grey-white beard. achieve a warm heart and a clean conscience. the books but rarely enforced. If you suspect What Dr. Yochelson and schoolteacher But the pity of it is, !or all his good inten­ pollution, check the law (local, state, or fed­ friend Don Murphy "did about it" was to tions, he will a.chieve a negligible impact eral). If the law is being violated, notify mobilize students to poll the community on on the environmental ills of his country. the government. Be Willing to lodge an offi­ the idea. of banning one-way beverage con­ Even in the unlikely event that every indi­ cial complaint, if necessary. vidual American did so, the United States tainers ... collect 1,400 signatures on peti­ REFUSE ACT REDISCOVERED tions . . . distribute leaflets door to door ... would still be lefot with serious ecological enlist support from interested groups such problems. One of the most useful antipollution tools as the Parent-Teachers Association . . . and Why? Because the nation's environmental is the newly rediscovered Refuse Act of 1899, buttonhole each city councilman before the troubles (With the possible exception of the which bans most dumping into navigable vote. litter problem and overpopulation) are not waters without a permit from the Army produced by the lifestyles of individuals-­ Corps of Engineers. It specifically encourages CITY ORDINANCE RESULTS citizen complaints, even entitling inform­ The result: a city ordinance prohibiting and cannot be solved by oha.nging life-styles. "These things are good for a psychological ants to one-half of any resulting fine set by the sale of no-deposit, no-return containers a court. for soft drinks and beer in this city of 45,000 reason-people think they really can do beginning April 1, under penalty of $100 a. something. And for a. philosophical reason­ Do-it-yourself kits on this law can be ob­ day. if everyone did them, it could have some tained from the conservation and natural Since then, a handful of communities have effect," said Ed Chaney, information direc­ resources subcommittee o! the House of followed. Scores of cities and several states tor of the National Wildlife Federation, one Representatives• Committee on Government (including Maryland) are considering doing of the liveldest of the conservation "es.tab­ Operations (Rayburn House Office Building, so. And Congress has been asked by Rep. lishment." Washington, D.C. 20515) or Rep. Edward I. Joseph P. Vigorito (D) of Pennsylvania. to "But these things can be bad if they lead Koch (D) of New York (Longworth House impose a. nationwide ban. people to think this is all they need to do Office Building, Washington, D.C. 20515). What sets Bowie's Dr. Yochelson apart to clean up the environment. It just won't Support for such citizen watchdogging from millions of other Americans interested happen, because it's not that simple," he comes directly from the nation's new anti­ in the quallty of their natural environment? declared. pollution chief, William D. Ruckelshaus, ad­ Simply this: He wasn't content With a His explanation: The public lacks "environ­ ministrator of the Environmental Protection private environmental gesture. He didn't mentally sane alternatives." Many individ­ Agency: "I am heartily in favor of respon­ merely avoid littering his own nonreturnable uals, for example, sdmply don't h:a.ve the sible citizen court actions against polluters­ bottles and cans, or refuse to buy them for choice of traveling by mass transit instead of citizen ptessure against government at his own household. of driving a car, because there isn't any every level, including the federal govern­ There are plenty of such symbolic contri­ mass transit for them. Neither can they buy ment and my own agency." butions available for a concerned individual: a pollution-free car, because the auto indus­ Pressure corporations to heed environ­ try manufactures none. Cutting waste mental dangers. If you're a stockholder in a The lion's share of electric power is gen­ polluting industry, raise the issue at the Select products wrapped in minimum erated for industry, and some 60 percent of annual meeting. If an officer, spearhead cor­ packaging. water pollution is produced by industry~r­ rective action from Within. If an employee, Particularly avoid packaging or disposable porate gli.ants over which the individual citi­ try to persuade your employees' association containers of plastic, metal, or wax that are zen has little control. · or la.bor union to bargain for reform (as the nonbiodegradable (don't break down in wa­ United Automobile Workers has begun to ter or the natural environment). IMPORTANT ROLE REMAINS There remains, however, an important role do) . If a customer, organize a boycott of the Substitute cloth for paper in toweling, firm's products--and tell the firm why. napkins, handkerchiefs, diapers. for the concerned individual: social action. Buy milk in returnable glass bottles. Environmentalists increasingly recognize it Participate in responsible, legal, peaceful Carry reusable shopping bags, and reject as the course of the future--and their bright­ demonstrations, boycotts, or other mass ac­ brown paper bags and wrappings. est hope. tions against environmental apathy. Some­ Save newspapers and deposit them With "We call it Phase 2," explained Sam Love, times such tactics serve as the most effective commercial dealers, paper mills, or recycling a leader of the brash Environmental Action, way to dramatize a situation needing correc­ Inc., the youth-run group that got its start tion. That's precisely what Earth Day accom­ centers. plished. Share magazine subscriptions with friends. by coordinating Earth Day last April. Install and use a Utter bag in the car. "It's a step beyond individual actions. It's COLORADANS ORGANIZED people working in groups to develop social Cleaning and saving water The strongest case to be made for individ­ solutions to what are basically social prob­ ual social action is simply that it gets results: Buy no color-dyed tissue. lems." Two housewives, Mrs. Janet Adams and Clean laundry, dishes, and kitchen with Here are some ways a cd.tizen can partici­ Mrs. Claire Dedrich, formed a group called low- or no-phosphate detergents, or soap pate: Conservation Coordinators which last year products. Join an active environmental group. Or rescued the tidelands of San Francisco Bay Avoid using DDT and other pesticides, form one yourself. The polluters and despoil­ from commercial development. herbicides, and insecticides. Try a fly swatter ers are organized-you should be, too. If or flypaper, and pull garden weeds by hand. A chemistry professor in Denver, Dr. Ruth you have a special skill (law, sanitary engi­ Weiner, organized the Colorado Citizens for Convert to organic gardening. Compost neering, public speaking), put it to work for garbage, leaves, grass cuttings. Clean Air which last year helped rewrite your group. tougher state air-pollution standards. Sprinkle sand, ir...stead of salt, on icy side­ Generalized environmental orga.niza.tions walks and driveways. A woman in Louisville, Ky., Mrs. John are fine, but sometimes groups focusing on a Greenbaum, persuaded television station Don't over-water lawn or garden. Take single issue can better target their fire. "You briefer showers. WHAS-TV to donate a five-minute spot twice can't solve the whole (environmental) prob­ a. week so she could discuss environmental Adjust float valve in tank of bathroom lem," advised Dr. Yochelson. "So you break commode, or pile bricks inside to reduce issues. it into components, then take the smallest Dorothy Buell formed the Save the Dunes flushed water. possible component and work on that." Cleaning air Council and kept it going until the federal Inject yourself into public decisions af­ government allocated parkland funds for Bum low- or no-lead gasoline in car. Keep fecting the environment. Local public hear­ many of the sand dunes along Indiana's Lake car engine tuned and antipollution device ings and city council meetings are rarely at­ Michigan shoreline, preserving them from working. If you need a car, consider trading tended except by persons having a private or industrial development. for a. smaller one (four- or six-cylinder en­ corporate interest in the pending decision. Dr. Yochelson doesn't march alone. gine). Travel on mass transit, if available. Show up and speak out. At the state and Organize a car pool. Ride a bicycle, jog, or national level, write your state legislators, ORGANIZATIONS TO CONTACT walk. congressmen, and the President. Common Cause, 2'100 M St. N.W., Washing­ Use fireplaces sparingly. Make environmental protection an elec- ton, D.C. 20037. February 25, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4069

Environmental Action, Inc., 1346 Connecti­ States in a network of i~ternational agencies allyl" The question I'm posing is: Can we cut Ave. N.W., Room 731, Washington, D.C. now find ourselves confronted with demands get o:ff the see-saw unilaterally 1! some of the 20036. to reduce U.S. foreign commitments. If we are other players are not playing the world order Friends of the Earth, 30 E. 42nd St., New to rebuild support for practical steps toward game? If so, how? We have to face the fact York, N.Y. 10017. world order, we will have to distinguish in­ that the attitudes of some countries to­ Izaak Walton League of America, 1326 ternationalism from interventionism. We will ward strengthening the U.N. in peacekeeping Waukegan Road, Glenview, Ill. 60025. have to do a better job of explaining that the and development are not exactly encouraging. National Audubon Society, 1130 Fifth Ave., best way to reduce excessive U.S. commit­ What do we do if their opposition effectively New York, N.Y. 10028. ments may often be not through unilateral blocks progress? National Wildlife Federation, 1412 16th St. disengagement but rather through the shar­ Having raised five general problems about N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036. ing of responsibility with other countries in planning and policy-making for world order, Sierra Club, 1050 Mills Tower, San Fran­ regional and global institutions. Internation­ let me suggest ten major ta.sks of interna­ cisco, Calif. 93104. alism of this kind is not interventionism. It tional institution-building which might be The Wilderness Society, 729 15th St. N.W., is a substitute for interventionism. the focus of your discussions in this con­ Washington, D.C. 20005. Second, how do we relate our proposals to ference: 1. DISARMAMENT BOOKS TO READ U.S. national interests? Concern with na­ tional sovereignty is still with us. Many peo­ In the McCloy-Zorin Agreement, the Conservation Directory 1970. National ple are worried that as we move into these Wildlife Federation. $1.50. United States committed itself to General Earth Tool Kit, compiled by Environmental international institutions, we're giving up and Complete Disarmament. Do we really something. We have to explain much more mean it? Is "GCD•' a "serious subject"? One Action, Inc. Pocket Books (scheduled for persuasively than heretofore that the so­ release in April). has the impression that most people in the called sovereign state in todays' world is no U.S. Government today don't think so. Its Ecotactics, edited by John G. Mitchell. longer sovereign in any meaningful sense; Pocket Books, $.95. obvious that GDC is not something possible Environmental Handbook, edited by Gar­ even a superpower like the United States no in this decade, but would it not be useful rett de Bell. Ballantine. $.95. longer has the power to protect the security to resume serious research and international Environmental Quality: First annual re­ of its citizens or assure their prosperity in discussion on the subject--particularly on port of the Council on Environmental Qual­ isolation. Therefore, we really gain control the kinds of international institutions that ity, U.S. Government Printing Office, $1.75. over our destiny as we pool our sovereignty would have to go with it? This could be User's Guide to the Protection of the En­ wit h other nations in these international in­ done at the official level in Geneva or in in­ vironment, by Paul Swatek. Ballantine, $1.25. stitutions. It is not a question of giving formal, non-otncial study groups like Pug­ Voter's Guide to Environmental Politics, something up unilaterally. It is a matter of wash. Moreover, more thought needs to be getting back the capacity to manage our af­ given to the international machinery ap­ edited by Garrett de Bell. Ballantine, $1.25. fairs by means of mutual restraints andre­ Your Right to Clean Air: A Manual for propriate for various partial measures, such Citizen Action, the Conservation Founda­ ciprocal concessions worked out with other as a SALT agreement or sea..bed disarmament. countries under multilateral auspices. tion, 1717 Massachusetts Ave. N.W., Washing­ 2. PEACEKEEPING AND PEACEMAKING ton, D.C. 20036. Free. Third, how do we make our proposals seem possible? One of the things I find most dis­ I offered some suggestions in Foreign Af­ tressing about the mood of our country to­ fairs recently ("Can We Revive the U.N.?," day, and this is particularly true among July, 1970) on how the United Nations might young people, is the pervasive sense that be made more effective as a peacekeeping and THE LONG ROAD TO WORLD OR­ things are hopelessly out of control. We have peacemaking agency. We need to consider as DER-FIVE PROBLEMS AND 10 so many people running around a.s prophets a matter of urgency how to bring main­ TASKS of doom. Heaven knows, there's enough to be land China into the U.N. while still a.s•suring alarmed about, whether it's the environ­ self-determination for the people of Taiwan, mental problem or the arms race or the in­ and how to bring the divided states into the HON. JOHN BRADEMAS come gap between rich and poor, but I do organization. We need fresh thinking on how far one can really build up the U.N.'s peace­ OF INDIANA not agree with the doom-sayers that there is no hope. It is tragic that anyone who gets up keeping and peacemaking capacity by in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES these days to make bold proposals of the stitutional innovations as contrasted with Th1trsday, February 25, 1971 kind this group has been making for years an essentially ad hoc approach. We need new risks the danger of being ruled out of court attention to measures to ra-tionalize the Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, it is as "utopian." So it is more than ever essential procedures of the Security Council and Gen­ valuable for us to reflect on the relation­ that we come up with not just grand designs, eral Assembly and improve the effectiveness ship between the United States and the but with realistic methods of implementing of the Secretariat. other nations of the world. them. A good approach in these matters is a 3. OUTER SPACE There has been no lack of dialog big target, a rather distant target date, and So far our institution-building with the concerning our Nation's role in world af­ a timetable for getting there, (e.g., 20 years Russians in this area ha.s been very .modest. fairs. But the language often has been to abolish tariffs in stages of five percent a We have partici•pa.ted with them in the World year) . Many of our national problems will Weather Watch and we have had some mod­ couched in terms of intervening in for­ seem manageable 1! we give ourselves time eign disputes in our own interests, or in est bilateral cooperation in information ex­ but use the time to move steadily and inex­ change, but nothing you would really call retreating behind isolationist trade bar­ orably in the right direction. a joint venture. Perhaps the time has come riers. Fourth, how do we make ourselves politi­ when both countries would see significant Too little, it seems to me, Mr. Speaker, cally effective in our own country? I cannot budgetary savings and political advantages has been said about a spirit of interna­ think o! a time in recent years when the in a pooling of effort. To preserve the security tional cooperation. commitment of the United States Govern­ of the launch sites, could the two countries Richard N. Gardner, Henry L. Moses ment to building durable institutions of launch elements of a space station separately world order wa.s at a lower ebb. You see it in and then assemble them in outer space? Is professor of law and international or­ the absence of major U.S. initiatives at the ganizations at Columbia University, re­ this technically sound? Is it politically U.N., in Congressional actions on the trade sound? And should it be U.N.-ized? cently addressed the 11th "Strategy bill and the I.L.O. budget, and in the Admin­ for Peace" Conference on America's role istration's appointments to General Assem­ 4. THE SEABED in building world order. bly delegations. Perhaps it's time for the The Nixon Administration's proposals in Mr. Speaker, I believe Professor Gard­ world order and U.N. groups in this coun­ this area have been most constructive. They ner's remarks on this subject are worth try to raise their voices a little-almost every envisage an important new international other special interest group is doing so. agenoy for the regulation of activities on the preserving, and I ask unanimous consent Moreover, we ought to focus more on the deep ocean floor. But the international ap­ that they be printed in the RECORD. nuts and bolts question of how to become proach here faces formidable political oppo­ The text of Professor Gardner's ad­ more politically effective in Congress, the sition. Many Latin American countries seem dress follows: State Department and the White House. reluctant to give up their more extensive THE LONG ROAD TO WORLD ORDER-FivE Fifth, what does the U.S. do if other coun­ claims both in the ocean floor and terri torial PROBLEMS AND TEN TASKS tries aren't playing? I'm reminded of the waters and the Soviet Union remains ad­ story of the mother who 1s watching her (By Richard N. Gardner, Henry L. Moses Pro­ amantly opposed to any international regime little son on a see-saw in Central Park. He•s and any international organization that fessor of Law and International Organiza­ with playmate on the see-saw and all o! tions, Columbia University) a. would engage in licensing and rule-making in a sudden this four-year-old, not thinking of ocean space. How can we bring these coun­ Let me begin with five problems we need to the consequences, suddenly decides to get tries around? What are the compromises that think about as we plan for world order over off the see-saw. The see-saw comes up and might be offered? If we can't bring them the next quarter century. hits his arm, the playmate goes tumbling around, can we go forward with something First, how do we relate our proposals to the down on the ground, and the mother rushes like the Nixon Treaty on a less than uni­ post-Vietnam mood of the American people. up and says: "Johnny, I've told you a hun­ versal ba.sis? What happens if you have a Those of us who want to involve the United dred times not to get off a see-saw unllater- Nixon-type treaty without the Russi·ans and 4070 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 25, 1971 they find a nice little submerged mountain Science, The Environment and Social Prob­ and compassion to their church, their in deep ocean space and start drilling on lems. The latter would include population· families, this country, and their fellow it? and urban problems within its mandate. It American neighbors. Through them and 5. THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM would deal with problems as important for developed a.s well as developing countries, with them I have observed and admired Many people now urge that the Interna­ and would thus help remedy the almost total the persevering faith and courage of the tional Monetary Fund should· gradually de­ preoccupation of ECOSOC and the Special­ Lithuanian people. velop into a world central bank. Have we ized Agencies with the developing countries. Mr. Speaker, throughout history the really thought through all the impl~cations This reform could have important poUtical Lithuanian people have over and over of this for the management of our domestic benefits by demonstrating to the people of again suffered the terrible persecutions economy and foreign policy? The corollary the developed countries that the U.N.'s eco­ of giving up our role as world banker and and cruelties of ruthless oppression. The nomic and social work can be directly help­ valiant Lithuanian people and nation substituting the IMF is that we accept a ful to them. Incidentally, everything I know commitment that increments to world liquid­ of Soviet attitudes suggests that they would are today still suffering but gallantly re­ ity will be exclusively from internationally­ look with sympathetic interest on such are­ sisting the tyranny and dictatorship of issued money ( SDRs) and not from the per­ form. Soviet Russia but I know they will never petuation of U.S. payments deficits. Are we 9. HUMAN RIGHTS give in or give up. really prepared to play the game by those rules? Would we get enough liquidity that Our agenda here is clear enough. We need They have demonstrated an unft.inch~ way, given the conservatism of some of the to build political support for U.S. adherence ing example of the highest valor and Europeans and other people who wield im­ to U.N. Human Rights Conventions, like the dedication that is truly an inspiration to portant decision-making authority in the Genocide Convention, from which we have so the world and to their fellow Americans. IMF? Would not the IMF also need authority far remained aloof. Still more important, we That is why I am honored by my long as­ to influence the exchange rates, the domestic need to create more effective measures of sociation with Lith:.1anian Americans. economic management, and the foreign ex­ human rights implementation at the inter­ national level. A most promising first step I also join in this tribute to the Lithu~ penditures of surplus and deficit countries? anian people because I feel it is my spe­ Will we-and other countries-be ready for could be the proposed High Commissioner this in the foreseeable future? for Human Rights. The hard question here cial duty, as a national legislator to do is whether to create this kind of universal so. 6. WORLD DEVELOPMENT system of human rights implementation in In large part it is the fault of the Considering all the obstacles, we have cre­ the face of strong opposition from the Com­ United States, together with other allies, ated an impressive array of international munist countries, or whether to concentrate that the Lithuanian people are today agencies in this field. We have begun to de­ for the time being on regional approaches, in velop internatfonal performance standards using the Latin American and European in­ living cruel subjugation and slavery. for the rich and for the poor. We enforce stitutions for human rights protection. Therefore, this Nation can never again them on the poor~r try t