November 29, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34159 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS AVIATION SAFETY AND NOISE millions of people around major airports. It On October 22 the Senate passed H.R 2440, would also weaken the incentives for replace­ striking the provisions of the House ini­ REDUCTION ACT ment of aircraft with new technology air­ tiated b111 and substituting for them the planes that could offer even more noise relief provisions of S. 413, the Senate "noise bill". to the millions of Americans who are ex­ I am advised the Senate has already ap­ HON. NORMAN Y. M!NETA posed daily to unacceptable levels of aircraft pointed conferees in anticipation of a con­ OF CALIFORNLA noise. ference on H.R. 2440. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 3. By authorizing some $300 mi111on in In expressing the Administration's opposi­ excess of the President's budget for FY 1980, tion to H.R. 3942, I outlined a number of Thursday, November 29, 1979 an increase which ls unwarranted, the bill objectionable features of the b1ll. The pro­ e Mr. MINETA. Mr. Speaker, I ha;ve would be infiationary. In any event, as you visions of H.R. 2440, as passed by the Senate, asked the White House for a clear sig­ know, the House already acted to establish a.ire comparable in many respects to those an obligations limit on the airport devel­ undesirable fiseal and environmental provi­ nal that legislation rolling back the fieet opment program for 1980 at a level which is sions of H.R. 3942 to which we are opposed; noise rule would be vetoed. I have now $70 million over the President's budget. In one ex~mple being a Senate proposed fund­ received that response and I think it is addition we are concerned that the bill could ing level for noise planning and airport de­ something that all Members should be be interpreted as exposing the Federal Gov­ velopment programs $250 milllon above the aware of. ernment to increased money damages by way President's budget for fiscal year 1980. Fur­ This is a clear signal to those airlines of increased Federal liability in inverse con­ ther, the Senate proposal is even more ob­ demnation actions. jectio~ble than H.R. 3942 on environmental which have been dragging their feet that 4. By prohibiting the Federal Aviation Ad­ grounds since, in addition to providing for they will have to bring their fieets into ministration from making changes through mandatory waivers of the Department's noise compliance, despite efforts in the S~n­ regulatory action to control navigable air­ regulations under certain circumstances, it ate to the contrary. If the foot-draggmg space, the bill would tie the Administrator's would deem in compliance with our noise airlines fail to see the writing on the hands in responding to changes in the oper­ standards any airplane which exceeds those wall, they will have only themselves to ating environment for aviation. With avia­ standards by as much as five decibels. tion activity growing at about 5 percent an­ The effect of the five decibel exemption blame as the compliance deadlines ap­ nually this prohibition could have potential­ proach and they are not ready. would be to permit all two and three engine ly adverse effects on safety. In any event the narrowbody aircraft (i.e., 727s, 737s, and This is also a clear signal to the House­ regulatory proposal this provision was in­ DC-9s) to continue operating in the United Senate conference on H.R. 2440 that tended to forestall has been withdrawn by States for an indefinite period beyond the they should report none of the Senate the Federal Aviation Administration. Department's 1983 compliance deadline With­ provisions which would roll back the fieet I wish to stress that, more broadly, the out having to undergo retrofit or other noise Administration believes that the principal reduction modification. This provision would noise rule, and should instead move airport noise problems the bill addresses will drastioally undercut the Department's ef­ forward with the noncontroversial ADAP be dealt with adequately by the legislation forts to reduce the adverse impact of noise funding approved by the House. now pending to extend the Airport and Air­ on mill1ons of Ameriacns since it fails to way Development Act of 1970. This legisla­ account for the fact that 75 percent of this Mr. Speaker, so that the record might tion would extend the Airport and Airway be complete, I would like to include at Nation's air carrier airports receive major Trust Fund and provide substantially in­ airline service only by these two and three this point Secretary Goldschmidt's let­ creased authorizations for airport grants and engine nairrowbody aircraft. Thus, the peo­ ter of October 18 to you, the Secretary's for other FAA programs intended to promote ple living around these, as well as other air­ letter of November 12 to Chairman safety. It would also broaden the use of air­ ports, would be denied the benefits of noise Johnson, my letter of November 1 to the port grant funds to help mitigate noise im­ reduction which they have rightfully come President, and the White House response pacts. to expect sin<:e the Issuance of our retrofit/ In summary, H.R. 3942, as reported, pro­ replacement rule in 1976. of November 29 to me. vides !or more noise and less sa.fety while at The letters follow: the same time being inflationary at a time Though the Administration continues to when reducing inflation is a top priority !or support the provisions of H.R. 2440 which THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION, would authorize the obligation of discretion­ Washington, D.C., October 18, 1979. both the Administration and the Congress. In recent testimony before both Houses ary funds under the Airport and Airway De­ Hon. THOMAS P. O'NEILL, Jr., velopment Act of 1970, as amended, the Speaker, House of Representatives, the Administration expressed willingness to work with the Congress to find solutions to benefits to be attained from discretionary Washington, D.C. funding authority are far outweighted DEAR MR. SPEAKER: I am writing to you the aviation noise problem and to work to­ ward an imuroved airport development pro­ by the negative features of H.R. 2440 regarding H.R. 3942, the "Aviation Safety as amended by the Senate. Accordingly, I and Noise Reduction Act", which is now gram. H .R. 3942 is an unacceptable vehicle for accomulishing these important goals. will recommend to the President that he not pending before the Rules Committee. This sign H.R. 2440 if it is enacted by the Con­ b111, the so-called "noise bill", contains pro­ Therefore, I will recommend to the President that he not sign this bill unless our concerns gress with the objectionable provisions pro­ visions which are unacceptable .to the Ad­ posed by the Senate. ministration for policy or budgetary reasons. are resolved. The Office of Management and Budget ad­ Further, the Office of Management and In our view H.R. 3942 is an anti-environ­ Budget advises that enactment of H.R. 2440, ment bill which rewards some air carriers vises that enactment of H.R. 3942 would not be in accord with the program of the Presi­ as passed by the Senate, would not be in for delaying actions to meet environmental accord with the program of the President. regulations, and which penalizes those car­ dent. I thank you in advance for your prompt In closing, I am deeply concerned that a riers which have made efforts to be "good conference on Senate passed H.R. 2440 will neighbors" to airports. Moreover, some of the and careful consideration of this important matter. result in a retreat from the long-standing major problems the bill addresses will be Federal commitment to reduce aircraft noise fully accommodated by legislation now being Sincerely, NEIL GoLDSCHMmT. at the source. I urge you and the other considered in the House to extend the Air­ Members of the House Committee on Public port and Airway Development Act. More spe­ Works and Transportation to vote against cifically, the Administration believes that THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATYON, Washington, D.C., November 12, 1979. sending this blll to Conference. I thank you H.R. 3942 is unnecessary and unacceptable in advance for your thoughtful considera­ for a number of reasons, including: Hon. HAROLD T. JoHNsoN, Chairman, Committee on Public Works and tion of this important matter. 1. By redefining the Federal and local roles Transportation, U.S. House of Represent­ Sincerely, in reducing aircraft noise impacts, the blll atives, Washington, D.C. NEIL OoLDSCHMIDT. implies a Federal responsibility for assuring DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: On October 18, I land use compatibllity with airport noise. wrote to the Speaker and the Chairman of HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, This responsibll1ty should continue to rest the Rules Committee expressing the Ad­ Washington, D.C., November 1, 1979. With local governments, which have the zon­ ministration's strong opposition to H.R. President JIMMY CARTER, ing and other authorities needed to insure 3942, the proposed "Aviation Safety and The White House, land uses compatible with airport operations. Noise Reduction Act", and my intent to rec­ Washington, D.C. 2. By exempting two and three engine air­ ommend to the President that he not sign DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: I am writing to fol­ craft from noise regulations issued in Decem­ the b111 if it is passed. I have enclosed a low-up on our recent conversation at the ber 1976, it would delay relief from noise to copy of my letter to the Speaker. White House.

• This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor. 34160 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 2·9, 1979 As you know, in 1976 the Federal Aviation We are in total agreement with you that will be dedicated Sunday afternoon at four Administration, pursuant to its authority such legislation is unnecessary and unac­ o'clock with a service entirely in the Italian under the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as ceptable. Please be assured that Secretary of language. The Italian Churches of Newark, amended, promulgated a "fleet noise rule." Transportation Goldschmidt has been speak­ Orange and Passaic will be present. The That rule told the airlines that the portions ing for the Administration in his letters to churches of Orange and Newark will sing. of their fleets which did not comply with the Congress on this issue. The dedication sermon will be preached by existing Federal noise emission standards The Administration has several problems Professor Antonio Mangano, dean of the would have to be either replaced or brought with H.R. 2440 as passed by the Senate (as Italian Dept. of the Theological Seminary of into compliance by 1983, in the case of 2- well as S. 413 and H .R. 3942) including: Colgate University. Other parts of the pro­ a.nd 3-engine jets, or by 1985, in the case of It exempts from the noise standards all gram will be by Prof. Ghigo (of Bloomfield 4-engine jets. aircraft .which exceed the standards by up to College and Seminary), Prof. Allegri, Revs. At the present time, approximately half 5 decibels. The effect of this provision is to Corbo, Pagano, Galassi, B. Pascale and H. S. a dozen airlines have made the contractual permit all 2 and 3 engine narrowbody air­ Potter. Next Monday evening (Nov. 23), commitments necessary to bring their fleets craft to continue operations for an indefi­ there will be a service in the English language into compliance. It is critical to our efforts nite period without undergoing retrofit. Sev­ to which the public is cordially invited. Rev. to achieve complance with the rule that the enty-five percent of the Nation's airports Charles A. Brooks of New York will preach remaining airlines be making those com­ are served only by these aircraft. Passage of the dedication sermon, and there will be re­ mitments in the very near future. Unfor­ this bill would subject millions of residents ports and brief addresses by several as well tunately, however, at the very time these to continued unacceptable noise levels. as special music by the First Baptist quartet airlines should be taking action, they are It requires the mandatory waiver of noise and the Italian choirs of Newark and receiving conflicting signals as to whether regulations in certain other cases, thus again Orange. they will be required to comply. Specifically, subjecting an airport's neighbors to unnec­ "The building is of hollow tile and stucco, two pieces of legislation (H.R. 3942 and S. essary increased noise. and cost, with the lot, $11,000. There is 413) are under consideration which would The bill may well disrupt plans of local pretty and commodious auditorium and virtually gut the fleet noise rule. airport authorities for noise reduction pro­ Sunday School rooms opening into it ..., a Many of us in the House have opposed this grams that were based on the reduced air­ Basement fitted up for a Gymnasium, and legislation, and it is by no means assured craft noise that could be assumed from the living rooms are attached to the rear ... that any bill to roll-back existing noise implementation of the Federal noise rules. "Rev. Benedetto Pascale is the Minister regulations has sufficient support in Con­ As such, this may imply a shift ,to Federal and Howard E. Wharton is the Sunday gress to be enacted. As an example, I en­ responsibility for damages resulting from the School Superintendent. close a recent letter opposing the House bill, continued noise. "In addition to the preaching and S. S., signed by twelve of the Members of the H.R. 2440 authorizes $250 million more B.Y.P.U. there are cooking classes, language committee which reported the bill. than the President's 1980 budget for noise classes, boys' clubs, gymnastics, etc.... The Nevertheless, the mere possibility that planning and airport development programs. llew building will help greatly as the rented such legislation might be enacted is threat­ Furthermore, the bill could be the basis for building was not large enough to accommo­ ening to prevent those actions by ·non-com­ large federally funded land purchases, the date all who came. While the work is under plying airlines which are necessary to achieve least cost effective way to address the noise the supervision of the First Baptist Church compliance within the mandated time issue. of our town, many others who are interested frames. Your Administration has been most For these and other reasons presented ear­ in the material, social, moral and spiritual helpful by consistently supporting the fleet lier in testimony and reports from the De­ welfare of our Italian neighbors are co­ noise rule. The recent letters (enclosed) by partment of Transportation, the Administra­ operating."e Secretary Goldschmidt, further stating the tion finds this bill to be unacceptable. If case against the roll-back legislation and his such a bill is passed by the Congress, I be­ intention to recommend a veto, have been lieve that the bill should be disapproved. FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF FLIGHT most constructive. I deeply appreciate your efforts to oppose OVER THE SOUTH POLE . However, non-complying airlines should passage of this bill. My staff and I stand know that, whatever may happen in Con­ ready to help you in any way possible. gress with H .R. 3942 and S. 413, such legisla­ Sincerely, JAMES T. McINTYRE, Jr., HON. DON FUQUA tion will not become law. Only with such OF FLORIDA knowledge will some of the non-complying Director. e airlines make those commitments now which IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are necessary to meet the existing compliance Thursday, November 29, 1979 deadlines. Without those commitments in NEW ITALIAN CHAPEL TO BE the very near future, the chances for timely DEDICATED SUNDAY • Mr. FUQUA. Mr. Speaker, this was to compliance with the noise rule will be seri­ have been a happy day commemorating ously eroded, whether or not the legislation the historic flight of Richard E. Byrd ultimately passes. HON. JOSEPH G. MINISH over the South Pole just 50 years ago, on Only the clearest signal to the non-com­ OF NEW JERSEY November 29, 1929. Instead, it has been plying airlines will preserve the effective force IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES marred by the tragic loss of an Air New of the fleet noise rule, and under the cir­ cumstances, that signal must come from the Thursday, November 29, 1979 Zealand DC-10, which crashed sometime Tuesday night just north of the U.S. base White House. A clear commitment from you • Mr. MINISH. Mr. Speaker, it is a that you definitely would veto legislation at McMurdo Sound, with no survivors rolling back existing regulation of aircraft great pleasure to bring to the attention among the 257 passengers and crew. noise would create certainty where ambiguity of my colleagues the recent observance Among those on board were twenty now exists, and would make it possible for of the 65th anniversary of Silver Lake Americans who, with their fellow tourists, the remaining airlines to get on with their Baptist Church in Belleville, N.J. May I had taken an 11-hour, roundtrip, non­ efforts to meet the compliance deadlines. also point out that Rev. Benedetto Pas­ stop flight from New Zealand for a Thank you for your interest in this im­ cale, pastor of the church, has been min­ portant issue, and if I may be of further ister of Silver Lake Baptist since its glimpse of the beautiful and awesome assistance, please let me know. dedication day in 1914. He has devoted Antarctic continent. We grieve for the Sincerely yours, his life to serving God and his fell ow families of all those lost in the accident. NORMAN Y. MINETA, man, and certainly is to be commended The National Science Foundation, Member of Congress. for the great good he has accomplished which has responsibility for the U.S. pro­ OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET, through these many years. gram in the Antarctic, has made all of Washington, D.C., November 29, 1979. Historical highlights of the founding the resources of McMurdo Base available Hon. NORMAN Y. MINETA, of Silver Lake Baptist Church were re­ to assist in the search and rescue opera­ House of Representatives, ported in the November 20, 1914, edition t; on. Five planes and helicopters flown Washington, D.C. of the Bloomfield, N .J. Independent by the U.S. Navy Support Force stationed DEAR MR. MINETA: The President has asked Press. This highly interesting account at McMurdo were sent up to search for me to respond to your recent letter to him was reprinted in the church's program the missing DC-10. It was sighted on the on the subject of aircraft noise legislation. slopes of Mt. Erebus, some 30 miles from As you know, on October 22 the Senate of November 18, 1979, and I would like at this time to include it in the RECORD. McMurdo, early Wednesday morning by passed H.R. 2440 after striking the provisions one of the National Science Foundation's of the House passed bill and substituting for NEW ITALIAN CHAPEL To BE DEDICATED them the provisions of S. 413, the noise bill SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 22, 1914 C-130 ski-equipped airplanes. The only previously passed by the Senate. A confer­ "The Chapel which the First Baptist air capability on the Antarctic continent ence on H .R. 2440 is expected to begin the Church (of Bloomfield) has been erecting is that operated out of McMurdo as lo­ week of November 26. on the lower Franklin St. for the Italians gistic support for the NSF science pro- November 29, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34161 gram. These ski-equipped planes make it This would seem the proper time to were put down with great severity, the possible for NSF to maintain and supply rectify our past injustices and open a leaders executed and some tribes exiled from new chapter with the Kurds in Iran. . their mountain homes. Today, the Kurdish inland bases, including one at the South areas of eastern Turkey are under martial Pole itself, for scientific activities. The Kurds, a much maligned, unfortu­ law, the use of Kurdish as a written language The base at McMurdo was readied for nate people, have been struggling for an is forbidden, and it may not be spoken on medical treatment in the event there autonomous Kurdistan for over 100 Turkish radio or television. To be elected were any survivors. In the meantime, the years. For centuries, these people have to the national assembly, one must demon­ harsh weather conditions and terrain been subject to invasion and suppression, strate a fluency in Turkish that most Kurds made it impossible for helicopters to land first at the hands of the Greeks, then the do not possess. at the site of the crash. A team of moun­ Mongols, Turks, and Britons. SUPPRESSION IN TURKEY taineers from New Zealand have now The best account of the recent and Although there are at least 16 underground been flown in and airdropped at the site gloomy history of the Kurds was an ar­ Kurdish organizations in Turkey, the only and have confirmed that there are no ticle published in the Washington star political party openly to espouse the Kurd­ 16, a ish cause, the Marxist Turkish Labor Party, survivors, making this one of the worst on September by Smith Hempstone, was banned in 1971 and its leaders given disasters in aviation history. Washington-based syndicated columnist long prison sentences. Perhaps because they At McMurdo right now are Senator who spent the summer of 1974 with come from a poor country's most depressed HARRY BYRD and Congressman JOHN Mulla Mustafa Barzani's guerrillas in region, those detribalized Turkish Kurd& who WYDLER, the ranking minority member Iraq. Coincidentally, Barzani died, in acquire an education tend to be attracted of the Committee on Science and Tech­ Washington this past spring. Unfortu­ to militant leftist movements. nology, who had just arrived in a group nately, his leadership and pro-Western But because of Ankara's tough policies, led by National Science Board Chairman attitude will be sorely missed. internal tribal rivalries and linguistic dif­ ferences, there has been no significant · Dr. Norman Hackerman to inspect the THE KURDS, ORPHANS OF THE UNIVERSE­ Kurdish insurrection in Turkey for more U.S. program in the Antarctic and to re­ KHOMEINI WAGES "FEAST OF BLOOD" than four decades. The few Kurds within trace Admiral Byrd's historic flight to (By Smith Hempstone) Syria and the Soviet Union also have been the pole. Incidentally, Senator BYRD is "Shedders of blood, raisers after strife, quiet. the nephew of Admiral Byrd. With them seekers after turmoil and uproar, robbers The situation has been quite different in are Admiral Byrd's grandson, Mr. Robert and brigands; a people all malignant, and Iraq. There the Kurdish nationalist move­ Breyer; Dr. Lawrence Gold; and Mr. evil-doers of depraved habits, ignorant of all ment since 1927 has been dominated l?Y the Norman Vaughan, leader and member mercy, devoid of all humanity, scorning the Barzani clan, whose charismatic leader, garment of wisdom; but a brave race and Mulla Mustafa Barzani, died in exile in of the advance party that gave Byrd fearless, of a hospitality grateful to the soul, weather information from a point 1,500 Washington earlier this year (Muna Musta­ in truth and in honor unequalled, of pleas­ fa's father was hanged by the Turks). But miles inland, which they reached by dog ing countenance and !air cheek, boasting all even in Iraq, the Barzanis have encountered team. Ambassador Pickering and a senior the goods of beauty and grace." opposition within the Kurds-from the Bar­ official from the State Department, sen­ Thus a. 19th Century Western traveller de­ dost and Zibaris, for tribal reasons, and from ior officials of the Navy Department, scribed the Kurds, the warrior-poets now detribalized Kurds such as Jalal Talabani on members of the National Science Board, locked in combat with the 79-year-old Aya­ ideological grounds (Talabani, a Marxist, and the National Science Foundation's tollah Khomeini's Islamic regime in Iran. today leads a small force of Kurdish leftist Since the days of Alexander the Great, the guerrillas operating in northern Iraq). manager of the U.S. Antarctic research Kurds have gotten the short end of the program are also in the group. stick from history. And this latest Iranian Iraq, whether ruled by monarchists or left­ We rejoice in the news that the NSF chapter in their saga ls no exception. ists such as the current Moscow-supported The Kurds, a Sunni Moslem but non-Arab Baathist regime, has from time to time group is safe, although the gladness is granted its two million Kurds a degree of tempered by the sad developments almost people-they are thought by some to be the descendants of the ancient Medes-have cultural and political autonomy. But it has immediately following their arrival at lived in their Central Asian mountain fast­ never been enough for the freedom-loving McMurdo. We also are reminded once ness since the beginnings of recorded time. Kurds, and Mulls. Mustafa. Barzani four again of the extraordinary courage of They have fought with ravenous joy for their times between 1961 and 1974 launched full­ Admiral Byrd in setting out on an 18%­ independence against Greeks, Persians, Mon­ scale rebellions against Baghdad. hour trip in a trimotor plane with a gols, Turks, Arabs, Crusaders (Saladin was BARZANI'S LAST HURRAH cruising speed of 100 miles per hour over a Kurd) and Britons. When there has been The 1974 insurrection was Barzani's last the most treacherous terrain on this no outsider to wage war against, they have hurrah, and ca.me closest to succeeding. planet.• kept in practice by fighting each other. Barzani's Pesh Merga ("those who face But while the Kurds number more than death"), supported by the shah of Iran, 10 m1111on, no atlas portrays a nation called armed by the Central Intelligence Agency Kurdistan; it exists only in the hearts of and assisted to a degree by the Israelis­ THE KURDS, ORPHANS OF THE those-and they have been many-who will­ perhaps because they have a predilection for UNIVERSE ingly have given their lives for it. unorthodox Islamic sects, Iraqi Kurds al­ In the aftermath of World War I, when ways have got on well with both Christians Wilsonian self-determination was all the and Jews-gained control over 43,000 square HON. THOMAS A. DASCHLE rage, the 1920 Treaty of Sevres promised the miles of northeastern Iraq. OF SOUTH CAROLINA Kurds a homeland of their own. But the rise of Kemal Ataturk, and the greed of Britain But it was never the intent of the shah, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and France, aborted the treaty. The Kurds fearful of the attraction it might provide Thursday, November 29, 1979 were left worse off than they were before: for Iran's four million Kurds. to see the formerly united in bondage under the Otto­ Kurdish rebellion succeed in Iraq. Barzani, • Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. Speaker, in light man Turks, the Kurds found their heartland totally dependent on the shah for food and of the present crisis in Iran, where divided among three masters, Turkey, Iraq military equipment, was kept on a short American diplomats are being held host­ and Iran. Today, six million Kurds live in leash by the shah, who used him to weaken age, I believe it is important to acknowl­ Turkey, four million in Iran and two mllllon the Baathist regime, which was fomenting in Iraq (another 600,000 are divided between disorders among Iran's Baluchi tribesmen edge that Ayatollah Khomeini's venom­ and giving refuge to anti-shah dissidents. ous anti-Americanism is not shared by Syria and the Soviet Union). Since this betrayal, unrest has been en­ When that purpose had been served, and all the peoples of that country. I refer demic among the Kurds, with each rebellion Baghdad proved willing to make other polit­ specifically to the Kurdish minority in seemin15ly costing more lives than the last. ical concessions to Iran, the shah (and northwest Iran. In 1919, Ataturk, who dealt equally harsh­ Henry Kissinger) in 1975 pulled the oriental In fact, at this very minute the Kurds ly with Turkey's Greek and Armenian minor­ carpet out from under Barzani, the revolt are in their own life and death struggle ities, swore "to proceed in such a manner collapsed and many of Barzani's followers as to destroy the possibillty of a. separatist fled into Iran, where they were disarmed and against Khomeini and his band of blood­ interned. Many of those who stayed behind thirsty fanatics. The Kurds in years past movement by the Kurds." His successors took him at his word. and it ls Turkish policy to in Iraq were executed or deported to punish­ have been pro-American. Though their this day to deny even the existence of a ment camps in the south, leaving whole enthusiasm was dampened by the end of people called the Kurds: they are, according areas of Iraqi Kurdistan depopulated. American assistance a few years ago in to Ankara, simply mountain Turks who REPUBLIC CRUSHED their fight for an autonomous Kurdistan, have forgotten their language and miracu­ Kurdish rebellions in northwestern Iran the Kurds remain a significant force in lously learned another. in 1921, 1926 and 1930 were put down by Iran. Kurdish rebellions in 1925, 1930 and 1937 Reza. Sha.h, father of the now-exiled. m.ona.rch 34162 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 29, 1979 and founder of the short-lived Pahlevi dy­ was replaced by Brigadier General Hossein tion to embrace Qassemlu, who spent years nasty. But while there were executions, the Shaker a hardliner. On July 22, the first in exile in Czechoslovakia and has ties to Iranian monarchy's Kurdish policies in some major armed clash occurred when Iranian many European Marxist groups. Nor is there respects represented a compromise between army uni ts relieved a police post besieged by any evidence of Israeli participation in this Turkey's total denial of the very existence of the Kurds near the Turkish frontier. An­ chapter of the Kurdish saga, although the Kurds and the more permissive line of at other bloody incident took place on July 28, Jerusalem has an ax to grind with Khomeini, least some Iraqi regimes. when revolutionary militiamen called Pas.. who cut off the principal source of Israel's In Iran, where Kurds account for about 10 dars tried to reenter the Kurdish town of oil and backs the Palestine Liberation per cent of a population that is no more than Mari van. Organization. 60 percent Persian, the tribes were disarmed, The fighting escalated in August when the In the absence of fruitful negotiations the use of Kurdish was not permitted in army and the hated Pasdars retook the town between the Kurds and Khomeini-and the schools or government, and Kurds who of Paveh after a bombardment by tanks, chances of this now seem slight-the pros­ showed either marked leadership qualities artillery, helicopter gunships and American­ pect 1s for a prolonged guerrilla war tn or inconvenient dissidence were either made F-4 jets. More than 400 people lost Kurdistan, which will bring great suffering bought off or restricted in t heir activities. their lives in the Paveh fighting, and the to the women and children among Iran's But books in Kurdish were published, and Kurds claimed to have downed three heli­ four million Kurds. Kurdish programs were broadcast by the copters and an F-4. Mulla Mustafa Barzani, in the last bit­ state-controlled radio. Khomeini, enraged at the Kurdish resist­ ter days of his Washington exile, once re­ Yet ~monarchy never succeeded by this ance-and fearful their separatist virus marked that "the Kurds are the orphans of judicious use of the carrot and the stick in might prove contagious for Iran's Arab, the universe." With Jimmy Carter, who has totally extinguishing the spark of Kurdisn Baluchi and Turkomen minorities (Pasdar spoken more than once of the need to inject nationalism. In 1946, the Kurds, with Rus­ brutality in Khuzistan already had provoked an element of morality into the conduct sian help, succeeded in establishing an in­ serious rioting among Iran's Arab minor­ of foreign policy, selling kerosene and m111- dependent Marxist republic at Maha.bad. But ity) -assumed personal command of the tary supplies to Khomeini's regime, that when Harry Truman forced the withdrawal armed forces, threatened military leaders who would appear to be an accurate appraisal. of the Soviet Union from northern Iran, the did not achieve immediate results in Kurdi­ Before Khomeini's appetite is sated from central government retook Maha.bad, ex­ stan with "revolutionary justice" (a euphe­ his "feast of blood," there will be thousands ecuted the republic's president, Qazi Moham­ mism for execution) and called for "a feast of new orphans in Iranian Kurdistan.e mad, and forced Barzani, who had crossed of blood" in Kurdistan. The KDP was ban­ the Iraqi border with several thousand fight­ ned, Hosseini and Qassemlu were branded as ing men to help the Iranian Kurds, into "corrupt satanic agents" and the summary TELEVISION DIPLOMACY a Russian exile that was to last a dozen execution of captured Kurdish guerrillas be­ years. gan in Saqqez and other government-held NEW AUTONOMY EFFORT Kurdish towns. HON. JOHN' J. LaFALCE With the collapse of the Pahlevi dynasty With the failure of a Kurdish peace mis­ OF NEW YORK in February of this year, many of Iran's sion to Tehran-Khomeini was quoted as IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Kurds nourished hopes they would be al­ saying the Kurds "deserved no mercy"-the lowed autonomy within the framework of the Kurdish leaders abandoned Ma.ha.bad without Thursday, November 29, 1979 Ayatollah Khomeini's Islamic Republic. But a major battle and pulled their forces back • Mr. LAFALCE. Mr. Speaker, one of the as a precaution-for there is a saying that deep into the mountains. Qassemlu accused "the Kurds have no friends"-they took over Khomeini of planning "a genocide of the more disturbing aspects of the current most of the police posts and army barracks Kurds," while he and Hosseini continued to situation in Iran is the relationship of within Iranian Kurdistan, helping them­ insist they were not separatists, but wanted the state-controlled mass media to the selves to the arms stored there. only the right to run their own affairs within· events at the U.S. Embassy and in the Because Khomeini is no friend of the First the framework of Iran's independence, terri­ streets of Tehran. Amendment-in recent weeks, he has pad­ torial integrity and national sovereignty. Joseph Goebbels, Adolf Hitler's prop­ locked 26 Iranian publications and expelled By Labor Day, the situation seemed to have aganda minister, perfected the methods more than a dozen foreign journalists-it is reached a stalemate, with Khomeini's forces which are now being used by the Ayatol­ difficult to say who started the fighting in in control of most Kurdish towns, but KDP Iranian Kurdistan, what the objectives of the guerrilla units still roaming the mountains lah Khomeini and his revolutionary Kurdish leaders are and what outside forces, with their captured weapons. council. Through state-control of the me­ if any, are supporting the insurrection. It is KEY FACTORS MISSING dia and the use of lies, distortions, and at least possible that Khomeini called for a It is clear the Kurds cannot hope to suc­ prevarications, Goebbels was able to whip Shi'ite holy war against the Sunni Kurds to ceed, if success is defined as the creation of up nationalistic drives and war hysteria divert the attention of his restive country­ an autonomous Kurdistan independent in all among the German people, which con­ men from the inadequacies of his regime. but name of Tehran. History has demon­ tributed to the outbreak of the Second CertainlY"he used the disorders in Kurdistan strated that a Kurdish nationalist movement World War, and the systematic slaughter as a pretext to crush all opposition to his can succeed only with the coincidence of of millions of civilians. Goebbels' manip­ rule. three key factors: the emergence of a single, The first confrontation between Khomeini charismatic Kurdish leader, the existence of ulation of the media successfully kept and the Kurds came late last February after a weak central government and the active people's minds off Germany's real prob­ the Kurds took over the Maha.bad garrison, support of an adjacent major power. lems and managed to keep many people wounding its commander. Dispatched to Ma­ While Hosseini and Qasseml u are allies, the ignorant about the holocaust and other ha.bad to find out what was going on, Labor division of authority (and support) between atrocities. Minister Dariush Forouhar was told by them is unclear, and neither has the stature We are once again confronting that Sheikh Ezzedin Hosseini, the bearded, 58- of a Mulla Mustafa Barzani. Massoud Bar­ year-old Kurdish religious leader, that the zani is gallant, but he is both an Iraqi and a phenomenon today in Iran. In recent Kurds "are not separatists." tribal chief, and hence suspect to the radical months, the hold of the Ayatollah Kho­ What Hosseini and Abdul Ra.ham Qas­ faction of the KDP. meini over Iran had begun to unmistak­ semlu, secretary-general of the banned Kur­ The regime in Tehran is weak, but, spurred ably slip. There was growing unrest dish Democratic Party, said they wanted of on both by fear of their own executions and among the ethnic minorities who were Tehran was local autonomy within the anti-Sunni prejudices, Iranian army com­ making demands for autonomy under framework of a federal, democratic Iran, joint manders, with their far superior fire power, the proposed Islamic constitution. The control of military and police forces within have shown themselves at least capable of Kurdistan and, paradoxically, a crackdown holding the Kurdish towns and roads. Arab minority in the southwest was on the political and military activities of Finally, while Qassemlu claims (and threatening to sabotage Iranian oil pro­ Barzani's two exiled sons, Idris and Massoud. Khomeini charges) he has Moscow's support, duction, and the Kurds were in open re­ CRACKDOWN BEGINS there is no firm evidence of this. The bellion against the ayatollah, which nei­ There was, insofar as is known, no formal Kremlin has no love for Khomeini, who ther the so-called revolutionary guards reply to the Kurdish demands from either has cracked down on Iran's Communists and nor the remnants of the army were able Khomeini or the government of Mehdi Bar­ incited Afghan rebels against Moscow's to subdue. Leftists were growing more zagan. client regime in Kabul. But the Russians, restive, and there was increasing oppo­ while they have influenced the Kurdish na­ Throughout the spring, Kurdish missions tionalist movement over the years, never sition to the mock trials and subsequent continued to travel between Mahe.bad and have been prepared to bet all their chips executions by the ayatollah's agents. Tehran. More police posts and army barracks on its success. Public services were declining, and the were peacefully occupied in Kurdistan, their ayatollah was faced by increasing oppo­ demoralized garrisons disarmed and told to MORE ORPHANS leave the area. Certainly the United States, which par­ sition from the government of Prime Late in July, Major General Nasser Fabrod ticipated in the shah's betrayal of the pro­ Minister Barzagan. resigned as Iranian army chief of staff, and Western Barzanis, has shown no disposl- Confronted by this growing unrest, the November 29, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34163 Ayatollah Khomeini adopted the Goeb­ on television. That process culminated in Still there is no sign that the hostages bels approach. His pronouncements and the replacement of Bani-Sadr by Sadegh would be released. On the contrary, they appearances on television were calcu­ Ghotbzadeh, who is head of Iranian Na­ were being threatened with a show trial for espionage. The State Department organized lated to achieve three goals. First, elimi­ tional Radio and Television. That per­ an emergency situation room. But whatever nate all references to the real problems sonnel shift seems quite appropriate, in crumbs of information it garnered came facing Iran. Second, stir up frenzied and light of the ayatollah's use of television mostly via television. wild nationalism. Third, escalate the pat­ for diplomatic purposes. However much the United States tried to tern in clear stages right up to the na­ All of this is somewhat bewildering for bring diplomacy within diplomatic chan­ tional vote on December 2 concerning the Americans. This country is accustomed nels, it couldn't prevent television from tak­ approval of the Islamic constitution, to conducting diplomacy through normal ing the lead. which would solidify the ayatollah's channels on a government-to-govern­ The television correspondents asked the power over Iran. ment basis, and we are certainly not ac­ crucial questions and once, at least, John Hart of NBC created the impression of test­ In Nazi Germany, Goebbels used radio. customed to examining the ravings of a ing a compromise formula. MacNeil-Lehrer In Iran, the ayatollah uses television. fanatic to discern what another coun­ of Public Broadcasting, in a satellite inter­ That is the sole distinction between the try's foreign policy is toward the United view with Foreign Minister Bani-Sadr, two. States. Because of our free and open brought up all the relevant questions, but As his hold slipped, the ayatollah in­ press, this country might have some dif­ the answers only illustrated the hopelessness creasingly took to television from his ficulty comprehending the media manip­ of public diplomacy on television. headquarters in Qom with more and ulation by the ayatollah. In order to help It took the revolutionaries a little time explain this phenomenon, I want to share to learn that presenting nothing but dem­ more references to "foreign devils" and a onstrators with their clenched fists parading "sick or demented Carter" as the source an insightful article by Henry Brandon in front of the invaded American embassy of all of Iran's problems. He coupled from the November 28th edition of the only enraged the American public and that these statements with attacks on the Washington Star with all of my col­ they would be better off presenting their Barzagan government. As the stridency leagues. case against the shah. They had no case of these attacks increased, the govern­ Diplomacy by television is irrational, when asked about breaking the code of ment became powerless in the face of irresponsible, and counterproductive. It diplomatic immunity. anti-American nationalism demon­ lies outside the normal and accepted With the use of force in reserve as a de­ rules of international diplomacy, but it terrent to protect the lives of the hostages, strated by the Tehran mob. Those dem­ diplomacy remained limited to gaining time. onstrations culminated in the takeover must be remembered that it makes per­ But dragging out diplomacy makes it hard of the U.S. Embassy, which convinced fect and rational sense to the Ayatollah to preserve the public's patience. Television the Barzagan government that it no Khomeini because of his obvious goals. heightens the urgency daily, and television longer could stay in power. Thereby, the The article follows: reporters, often with remarkable resource­ ayatollah eliminated the sole remaining TELEVISION'S DIPLOMATIC CHANNELS fulness and courage, do their best to find check over his power. (By Henry Brandon) a bridge to a solution. The illegal and immoral takeover of Television, as we are all .aware, has an effect It is not surprising, therefore, that the the embassy increased the ayatollah's re­ on everything and everybody, but the realiza­ United States welcomed the initiative of U.N. tion that it can also have a far-reaching Secretary General Kurt Waldheim for an liance on television. He well realized emergency session of the Security Council that his power could diminish, unless he influence on diplomacy is new. The world got a first inkling of it when a television inter­ which would allow the Iranian government constantly fed the mob's hatred of Pres­ view seemed to have played a role in facili­ to vent its case and the United States to ident Carter, the Shah, the United States, tating President Anwar Sadat's spectacular rally the council's support for release of and the embassy. His television ravings visit to Jerusalem. the hostages. have become ever wilder, and his lies But we have learned since that television's It was one more maneuver to play for ever bigger. Daily references to the Pres­ influence in this case was not as creative as time until Moharram, a month of mourning had been assumed, because a secret meeting which engenders self-imposed suffering, and ident and this country have become more the referendum for a new constitution, and more vituperative, and moderate in Morocco between Moshe Dayan, the Israeli foreign Ininister, and Hassan el-Tohamy, a which would give Khomeini complete con­ statements by others have been de­ confidant of President Sadat, preceded the trol over everything and everybody, have nounced. The appearances on television interview. During the meeting, el-Tohamy passed. by the ayatollah have shown that dark imparted President Sadat's idea of a secret It is to be hoped that a more rational and uncontrolled savagery that lurked at meeting with Israeli Prime Minister Begin. diplomatic approach will become possible. the heart of Nazi Germany. •But during the Iranian crisis, television Assuming optimistically that the use of These efforts intensified, as Iran en­ from the start has played a part that made force can be avoided, it will be interesting tered the holy period of Moharram, which everybody, and above all the diplomats, aware to see whether the untying of the Gordian of its influence on world diplomacy. The knot will be done via television or via tradi­ is traditionally a holy period for Iranians. military learned during the war in Vietnam tional diplomatic channels.e By obvious design, the referendum comes how difficult it is to fight a war, especially on December 2, only 1 day after the e misconceived one, if television brings its height of Moharram, Ashura, the anni­ bloodiness daily into the living room. Now A BILL TO RAISE THE MINIMUM versary of the death of Husayn, the the diplomats are getting their taste of it. DENOMINATION OF TREASURY cousin and son-in-law of the prophet In the Iranian crisis, television unified the BILLS Muhammad. United States after it was treated to the shameful sight of American diplomats being Although the arrival of the shah in led, blindfolded and handcuffed, before the HON. LEO C. ZEFERETTI New York provided the ayatollah with a cameras by so-called Iranian students. useful reason for his violent anti-Ameri­ But it also led Americans, in their anger, OF NEW YORK canism, it is probable that he would have to want quick action, quick results and, if IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES found some other excuse. Like Goebbels, necessary, the application of force to teach Thursday, November 29, 1979 the ayatollah has the uncanny ability to Ayatollah Khomeini that he could not trifle seize on a chance event and turn it to his with the United States. e Mr. ZEFERETI'I. Mr. Speaker, I advantage, as he demonstrated through Thus while new and better ways of es­ would like to bring to the attention of my calating pressures on the revolutionary gov­ colleagues a !bill I have introduced today his public lies about the tragic event in ernment were sought, American diplomacy Mecca. was up against the need to keep American which amends the Second Liberty Bond In essence, the ayatollah is conducting public opinion calm as the nightly provoca­ Act to require the Department of the his internal and foreign policies by tele­ tions transmitted live from Tehran escalated Treasury to raise the minimum denomi­ vision. The Tehran mob receives its the frustrations among Americans and pres­ nations of Treasury bills to $25,000. This marching orders from him via his almost sures on the U.S. government to do more. measure would result in boosting the daily broadcasts; the United States and But that is easier said than done. Ameri­ housing mortgage market and would, in others are forced to conducting diplo­ can diplomacy succeeded in isolating Iran turn, substantially brighten the housing at the United Nations. It deprived it of an industry in our country. The sudden shift macy by watching the ayatollah's tele­ oil embargo against the United States. It vision broadcasts. Moderate statements even rallied the Soviet Union and China on of savings into Treasury bills has seri­ by the former acting Foreign Minister, its side on the narrow issue of the viola­ ously depleted the amount of funds Bani-Sadr, were systematically de­ tion of the international code governing available for the housing mortgage nounced by the ayatollah's statements diplomatic relations. market. This, of course, is due to the out- 34164 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 2·9, 1979 flow of savings from savings and loan over the next fiscal year, returned this attitudes, that took the first step into the bill to the House with a provision post­ free pass era. associations, mutual savings banks and Seattle is not, of course, the first or only other types of thrift institutions. By poning the K-award increase until Sep­ city to experiment with reduced-cost or oc­ raising the minimum to 25,000, I am con­ tember 1, 1980. Surely, cost savings could casional free transit. fident the effect will be an increase in have been achieved in some other area. But Eeattle First National is the first ma­ savings into these institutions which will The K-award is an additional com­ jor employer anywhere to offer free system­ correspondingly provide the desired re­ pensation awarded veterans who suf­ wide transit pa!:ses with virtually no strings suloo within the housing industry. This, fered the loss of a limb, eye, and so forth, or time limits attached. Employees must however is not the only determinant for due to service-connected causes. This simply sign what bank officials call "an award has only been increased three innocuous statement" that they'll use the an increase in minimum denominations. pass for commuting. In fact, there will be Several factors are involved: times in the past 28 years and was cer­ no restraint on their using the free passes First. Because of the dramatic increase tai.nly due for another increase this year. at other times for shopping, recreation or in sales of Treasury bills. the Department The Senate's action to postpone the any other purpose. It's precisely the totally of the Treasury resources which service effective date of increase for the K-award free, unrestricted nature of the Seattle pass these accounts has been severely until 1980 is a callous and disturbing ac­ program which makes it .so potentially sig­ nificant. With a free transit pass in his strained. In a statement released on tion that affects those veterans who are severely handicapped and disabled, pocket, a wcrker loses his last shred of ra­ May 8, 1979, the Department stated that tionalization for using his private car when one of the major reasons for delays in surely the most disadvantaged members reasonably convenient public transit is at mailing checks in payment of Treasury of our society. hand. bills was due to the "unprecedented vol­ If final approval of the disability com­ There, of course, comes the rub: how good, ume" and the "dramatic increase in par­ pensation increase had not taken this how accessible is bus (and subway or trolley) ticipation by small investors." They went long, I would have vehemently opposed service in most cities and suburbs? The an­ on to say the problem is compounded by this action.• swer: a very mixed bag. And there's a second question: If thousands of employers adopted the fact that over half of the accounts the Seattle First National policy, could U.S. maintained by Treasury are rolled over FREE BUS RIDES SIGNAL POSITIVE transit systems accommodate the new pas­ at maturity into new issues and, in most VIEW OF TRANSIT sengers? Seattle's Metro system is one of cases, these investors do not submit re­ America's best, expanding with modern investment until the last minute. If this oequipment-a major reason the bank de­ trend continues, it would most certainly HON. MIKE LOWRY 'cided on its free pass program. But many mean an increase in staff. OF WASHINGTON cities-Los Angeles, for example-have seri­ ously aged and inadequate bus fieets. Second. Analysis will show that, due to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES processing expenses, the direct cost to To an extent, it's a chicken and egg prob­ Thursday, November 29, 1979 lem. Neglected during the highway boom of the Government of issuing small de­ the last decades, mass transit systems atro­ nominations is exceptionally high in re­ • Mr. LOWRY. Mr. Speaker, I would phied. Now a major recovery is under way. lation to the volume of funds attracted. like to introduce into the RECORD the But it takes the political pressure of expand­ Third. In 1970, the Treasury bill mini­ following article from the Washington ing ridership to free the government dollars mum was raised from $1,000 to $10,000, Post. and reprinted in the Nation's Cities needed for dramatic bus fleet expansion and much for the same reasons as have been Weekly. This is a fine example of busi­ improvement. listed above. Today, it would require ap­ ness working hand in hand with Gov­ President Carter, who didn't even mention proximately $19,200 to equal the pur­ ernment to address a serious problem. public transportation in bis 1975 "moral equivalent of war" energy speech, bas come chasing power of $10,000 in 1970. So, in Seattle First National Bank is in my dis­ full circle. At API'A's recent convention in reality, by raising the minimum to $25,- trict and I am pleased to recognize their New York, Carter fervently endorsed mass 000, we are still providing access to U.S. contribution to energy conservation. If transit in an era when foreign oil depend­ Government Securities by the small in­ all business and governmental concerns ency threatens U.S. security. vestor. This is to say nothing of the large followed their lead we would be well on The administration occasionally exagger­ number of money market funds avail­ our way to easing a major energy crisis. ates its fresh dollar commitment to transit able. The article follows: (even mentioning figures as high as $50 blllion). Still, $13 billion, all from the pro­ Members of the House are aware of [From the Wa~hington Postl posed windfall profits tax, would fl.ow to tran­ the difficulties this Nation is presently FREE Bus RIDES SIGNAL POSITIVE VIEW OF sit. A chief priority in spending it, says experiencing in the housing mortgage TRAN HT Lutz, must be to put U.S. production, now in market and the dire straits in which (By Neal R. Peirce) the doldrums, on a fast track. As much as many of our savings and loan institutions SEATTLE.-American public transit may "strategic oil reserves," he believes, America find themselves. Certainly, the $10,000 have turned an important corner last week needs "strategic bus reserves" to assure mo­ Treasury bill is exacerbating an already as the nation's 27th largest bank, Seattle bility in a world energy emergency.e severe problem. I am hopeful the Com­ First National, started to offer its thousands mittee on Ways and Means will look of Washington state employees free yearly closely at my proposal and I would wel­ passes on their local bus systems. THE 200TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE come my colleagues support in cospon­ It will be the first known instance in the DRAFTING OF THE CONSTITUTION United States that a major employer has soring what I believe is a most-needed made transit passes available as a perma­ piece of legislation.• nent, completely cost-free fringe benefit of HON. BRIAN J. DONN-ELLY employment. Several other large Seattle OF MASSACHUSETTS firms are soon expected to follow suit. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES THE K-AWARD And as Seattle goes, so may-in time-the nation. Whether an employer is a private Thursday, November 29, 1979 business or government, it can claim credit-­ HON. THOMAS A. DASCHLE as Seattle First does now-for doing its part e Mr. DONNELLY. Mr. Speaker, the OF SOUTH CAROLIN A to conserve energy, reduce the number of towns of Braintree, Holbrook, Randolph IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES private cars on the roads, ease center city and Quincy, Mass., just recently cele­ congestion, cut down on air pollution and brated the 200th anniversary of the Thursday, November 29, 1979 relieve parking problems. And the cost, com­ Massachusetts constitution. I would like e Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. Speaker, the dis­ pared to other employee fringe benefits, to take this time to praise the Quincy ability compensation increase recently isn't high. The effective cost to Seattle Sun newspaper of Quincy, Mass., for its First, for instance, will be $9 or $15 per pass complete coverage of this historic anni­ approved by the House and Senate was a per month, depending on the transit zone long time coming and I am relieved that an employee lives in. versary. I was particularly pleased with disabled veterans, dependents, and sur­ Moreover, providing transit passes relieves the detailed coverage of the men and vivors of disabled veterans around the employers of the pre:;;sure to provide parking women behind this constitution. country will have a 9.9-percent cost of for their workers-often a very expensive The constitution, which was drafted in living increase applied to their Decem . outlay, especially in inner-city areas. Quincy, Mass., by John Adams in 1789 is ber checks. Seattleites were especially impressed that believed to be the legal and moral basis I was appalled, however. that the Sen­ it was the very stolid Seattle First National, of our Federal Constitution. I have just ate, in an attempt to save $4.5 million hitherto unknown for socially adventuresome recently introduced legislation which November 29, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34165 would create a stamp commemorating stitution and remains an example of republi­ of the convention but left for France the this important event. can government for all peoples everywhere. day after it ended to join Benjamin Franklin I hope my colleagues will take a min­ DRAFTING THE CONSTITUTION in negotiating a treaty of peace. The efforts of the second session were devoted entirely ute to read excerpts from the Quincy In an address delivered on the occasion of to a discussion of the Declaration of Rights. Sun, which I am submitting for the REC­ the 175th anniversary of the Constitution of · A third session, which met in January, 1780, ORD. I found it historically, interesting Massachusetts, Samuel Eliot Morison offered discussed the organization of the new gov­ and informative. a comprehensive statement on the drafting ernment. Copies of the proposed constitu­ and adoption of this instrument of govern­ tion were sent to every town where special [From the Quincy Sun, Aug. 30, 1979] ment. In Morison's judgment, John Adams' A CONSTITUTION Is BORN IN QUINCY town meetings were to be called to discuss greatest achievement was not his service as the document, paragraph by paragraph. A (By Dr. James R. Cameron) second president of the United States but his fourth session of the convention declared The Constitution of Massachusetts was the drafting of the Constitution of Massachu­ the constitution formally adopted on June culmination of more than a century and a setts. In the midst of the turmoil of war, the 15, 1780. half of political experience for the residents Revolutionists succeeded in establishing a government under law. They had the con­ of this state but also marked an im­ THEY CALLED HIM 'AN OLD FIELDER' portant milestone in the political history of viction that it must be done and they knew how to do it. Government under law was an Contem,poraries said a lot of things about the United States. This instrument reflected John Adams, most of them hurtful, many of the experience of living under several forms old tradition in Massachusetts and, even in the Inidst of war, the citizens of Massachu­ them true, for he was an Adams, which of government and provided a model for the meaint that he was scholarly, introspective, federal constitution. setts did not lose sight of what they were fighting for. By the end of the American austere, humorless, tactless to the point of Before the Pilgrims left the Mayflower in being rude. the fall of 1620 they drew up a written docu­ Revolution, eleven of the 13 states had adopted new constitutions. Morison de­ "The Adamses have a genius for saying ment which specified the responsibilities of even a gracious thing in an ungracious way," the members of the new settlement that was clared that the Constitution of Massachu­ setts "has been the most enduring because complained James Russell Lowell, who knew to be established at Plymouth. Although this several members of the family. Mayflower Compact was not a constitution it was the best." The 25 years which have passed since Morison made this statement A Baltimore newspaper, probably an ad­ according to Professor Robert E. Moody, it versary for the Iniddle colonies were sus­ did contain the idea of self-go,.ernment. have only served to validate his judgment. In his presidential address before the picious of anything that smacked of the Each of the 42 men who signed the agree­ Massachusetts' Adamses or the Lees of ment promised to obey the laws that should American Historical Association, Professor Andrew C. McLaughlin emphasized the im­ Virginia, once called him "an old fielder" be made for their welfare. The Mayflower and he accepted it as a compliment. Compact did, in fact, serve as the basis of portance of the constitutional convention method of making the constitution rather "An old fielder," John Adams defined to government until the colony charter of 1628, his wife, Abigail, "is a tough, hardy, laborious which was gr.anted to "The Governor and than having it drafted by the legislature: "If I were called upon to select a single little horse that works very hard and lives Company of Massachusetts Bay." The next upon very little." constitution for Massachusetts was the Pro­ fact or enterprise which more nearly than any other thing embraced the significance Which was one of the things the Massa­ vincial Charter of 1691. Each of these fore­ chusetts Constitutional Convention had in runners of the Massachusetts Constitution of the American Revolution, I should se­ lect-not Saratoga or the French Alliance, mind when it chose him to draft that most of 1780 were written documents, they spelled important document; he was given the job out the rights of the citizens and they pro­ or even the Declaration of Independence­ ! should choose the formation of the Massa­ and left alone to do the work. vided for the participation of the citizens in John Adams was born Oct. 19, 1735 (Old the process of government. chusetts Constitution of 1780; and I should do so because the constitution rested upon Style) in Braintree into a family of no The Colony of Massachusetts Bay had ex­ the fully developed convention, the greatest particular distinction. It was through his perienced separation of powers among the institution of government which America mother's line, the Boylstons oif Brookline, governor, who was appointed by the King of has produced, the institution which an­ that he attained the social standing to England; the House of Representatives swered, in itself, the problem of how men graduate 15th in a class of 24 from Harvard which was. elected by tax-paying men; and could make governments of their own free in 1755. the Council, which was chosen by the House will ..." He was a teacher for a while in Worcester subject to the approval of the governor. The In the fall of 1776 the towns of Middle­ but he found that he had small patience governor received his appointment from the borough, Concord and Acton opposed the for the "little runtlings," as he called his ki°:g but received his salary from the colonial suggestion that the legislature draft a con­ class. He turned to the law, a fortunate legislature. It was when.the British Govern­ stitution and requested that a constitutional choice for the American nation-to-be. ment levied new taxes upon the colonists to convention be elected for that special pur­ Another fortunate choice was Abigail make the governor independent of the pose. The General Court ignored this sugges­ Smith, the preacher's daughter from Wey­ colonial legislature that the inhabitants of tion and drafted a constitution which was mouth. Her mother. a member of the pres­ Massachusetts experienced a unitary form of rejected by the towns. After this rebuff, the tigious Quincy fainily, didn't think very government and came to feel that they were General Court took up the suggestion of a much of the match. Nevertheless, John and being deprived of their liberties. constitutional convention and asked the Abigail were married on Oct. 25, 1764, .a union It was to secure such natural rights as citizens to vote on the proposal in their that lasted 54 years. l~fe, liberty and property that the Declara­ town meetings. The response was over­ Alike yet different, they com,plimented tion of Independence was written and whelmingly favorable. The General Court each other nicely. She was witty, bright, adopted. There is a sense in which this then requested the towns to elect as many "saucy," he called her, and extremely well­ document is a preamble to our Federal Con­ delegates to the Convention as they were read in politics, literature and philosophy for s~itution. John Adams was thinking of these entitled to send representatives to the legis­ a woman of her time. During the long years r~ghts when he drafted the first major sec­ lature. that he was away on his country's service, t10n of the Massachusetts Constitution Se Delegates from 190 towns attended the Abigail rain the farm at the foot of Penn's lections from this part of the constit~tio~ first session of the Constitutional Conven­ Hill and raised their four children who are engraved on the monument in Quincy's tion which met in the First Church in Cam­ survived infancy Constitution Common. When the Constitu­ bridge during the week of September 1-7, There was little law to practice in colonial tion of the United States was first drafted 1779. After electing James Bowdoin presi­ Braintree, aside from the writing of wills and it c<;>ntained no bill of rights. Political lead­ dent and Samuel Barrett secretary, the Con­ the viewing of fences, so more and more ers m Massachusetts insisted that provision vention selected a committee of 30 to pre­ John Adams was attracted to Boston, where be made to include in the Federal Constitu­ pare a draft. This special committee selected the action was. There he fell in with his fiery tion the same kind of safeguards that were from its members a subcommittee of three; cousin, Sam Adams, and the brilliant James already in the Constitution of this state be­ James Bowdoin, Samuel Adams and John Otis Jr. fore they would agree to ratify the proposed Adams. The subcommittee then delegated The Stamp Act was the big issue of the federal system. its functions to John Adams, who became day and it brought young Adams to prom­ John Adams recognized that in America the principal author, drafting the document inence. It was he who drafted the Braintree government had moved from overcentraliza­ in his law office in the John Quincy Adams Instructions to Ebenezer Thayer, the town's tion before the War for Independence to too Birthplace in what is now Quincy. An an­ representative in the General Court, pro­ muc~ decentral~zation. This was a natural notated copy of John Adams' draft is in­ testing the act as contrwry to the English :eaction to the intense emotion raised dur­ cluded in Volume IV of The Works of John constitution and common law and therefore mg the war. In writing the Massachusetts Adams, edited by his grandson, Charles null and void. Constitution, Adams restored the balance of Francis Adams (1851). The Committee of He moved his growing fainily, Abigail 3. political power among separate branches of Thirty submitted its report to the second and Joh!Il Quincy 1, to Boston in 1768 and government. Because of its balance, its rea- session of the convention in Cambridge on he was elected to the General Court two years sonableness, and its guarantee of fair Oct. 28, 1779. The report was read and later. It is a mark of the esteem in which treatment, the Constitution of Massachu­ printed copies distributed. he was held that at the time of his election setts served as a model for our Federal con- John Adams attended the second session he was preparing a defense for the British CXXV--2148--Part 26 34166 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 2·9, 1979 soldiers who were accused of murder in the "The world in his mind was not that of enough British tyranny left to keep active Boston Massacre. the true philosopher, filled with a variety of opposition alive." If there were no issues With the help of his friend, Josiah Quincy, images, all well-rounded, symmetrical and then, of course, it was necessary to create he secured the acquittal of all but two sol­ beautiful," wrote one biographer. His figures some. diers, who were convicted of manslaughter. were cut in bold relief, stiff, stark and In May, 1773, Parliament placed a three a.nd a. homicide in self-defense verdict against austere. penny duty on tea imported into the colo­ Ca.pt. Thomas Preston. "There was no place for shading there; nies, a rather innocuous measure. In Novem­ The trial and the General Court left him everything was in sharp contrasts, in dis­ ber, three tea ships arrived in Boston Harbor. weary. He moved back to Braintree in 1771 concerting black and white. Whatever he did The radicals refused to let the tea be landed. to enjoy "the a.ir of my native spot ... the see, he saw with intense clearness, but it Gov. Hutchinson refused to send it back. On fine breezes from the sea on one side and the was too often a caricature rather than the the night of Dec. 16, at a signal from Adams, rocky mountains of pine and savin on the real image." some 50 men disguised as Indians, seized other." Part of the time he spent taking the And the fall of 1779 was the time of the the ships and threw 342 chests of tea into water at the mineral springs in Stafford, philosopher, the statesman; the day of the the harbor. Conn. "Farewell, politics," he wrote in his revolutionist, the man who saw people and Six months later, as a man sent by the diary. events in caricature, was slipping into the Royal governor, Gen. Thomas Gage, waited But the situation in Boston was worsening past. outside the locked door to dissolve the Gen­ and Adams found it difficult to stay away. He Samuel Adams was born in Boston on Sept. eral Court, it was voted to send Sam Adams, became involved in the growing controversy 16, 1722 (Old Style), the son of a well-to-do cousin John James Bowdoin, Thomas Cush­ over Crown-granted salaries for governors brewer, socially and politically prominent, ing and Robert Treat Paine, as delegates to and judges. He was elected to the Governor's who was forever exasperated by his son's the first Continental Congress. The door was Council in May, 1773, but the governor vetoed ineptitude in business and finance. locked because Sam had the key in his the choice. He was named a delegate to the Graduating from Harvard in 1740, he got pocket. first Continental Congress in Philadelphia in a job in the counting house of Thomas Cush­ The Congress, meeting in Philadelphia, 1774. ing. He may have been fired. His father gave was not really ready for Sam Adams and the For the next 26 years as revolutionary, leg­ him £1,000 to start his own business. It radicals from the Massachusetts Bay. Nor islator, diplomat and statesman, John Adams failed. He became a partner in his father's were they prepared for Patrick Henry a.nd was a man "on call" by his state and country malthouse on Purchase St. The business the men of Virginia. One delegate from during their most critical formative years. languished. Maryland•complained that "Adams with his As a member of the Continental Congress, He was elected provincial tax collector in crew, and the haughty sultans of the South, it was he who proposed the modest and vir­ 1756 and when he left office in 1765 his ac­ juggled the whole conclave of the delegates." tuous, the amiable, generous and brave counts were £8,000 in arrears. Royal Gov. But the fire in Sam Adams was burning George Washington" as commander-in-chief; Thomas Hutchinson charged him with de­ low. He withdrew from the Congress in 1781 and he helped to write the resolutions of falcation, a polite term 'for embezzlement. and returned to Boston. But it was not the May 10, 1776, that led up to the Declaration The charge was probably not so. It was just same. There were new leaders, new ideas, of Independence. that he was assigned to collect certain money new issues. He broke with his old ally, John The Congress dispatched him to Paris in and neglected to do it. Hancock, and the latter's election as the 1778 to help negotiate a commercial and mili­ It was about this time, while his financial tary alliance with France and, 17 months first governor was a deep disappointment to house was collapsing around him, that Sam him. The people, he wrote to his friend, later, he arrived back home in Braintree Adams discovered his true calling: How easy James Warren, were deceived "with false just in time to be chosen a delegate to the it was to lift his pen and marshal the words appearance for the moment." Massachusett.s Constitutional Convention. He that sent others to the barricades. wound up writing the whole first draft of the He ran for lieutenant governor in 1788 but He had always been a rebel. His Harvard the old magic wasn't there. He finished a Constitution himself. master's thesis defended the proposition; Adams had barely finished that assigned poor third behind Benjamin Lincoln and "Whether it be lawful to resist the Supreme Warren. He ran for Congress that same year task when Congress sent him abroad again in Magistrate, if the Commonwealth cannot be November, 1779. This time he was gone for and lost to the Young Turk, Fisher Ames of otherwise preserved," delivered while Royal Dedham. nine years, negotiating loans from the Dutch Gov. William Shirley glared from the same that saved the credit of the United States, Finally, he was elected lieutenant gov­ platform. ernor under Hancock in 1789 and, when negotiating a treaty of peace with Mother All these things had shaped the mind of Britain and the last four of those years as Hancock died in 1793, he succeeded him. By Sam Adams by 1765 when parliament passed this time, the American political system was minister to London. Abigail joined him in the hated Stamp Act, which required that 1784. old enough to split up into parties, and he all documents-legal papers, pamphlets, ad­ was elected governor in 1794 as a Democrat. It followed that immediately upon his re­ vertisements, newspapers-carry a revenue turn to the United States in 1789, Adams was He declined to run again in 1797 and, elected the first vice president, serving under stamp. There were heavy fines for violations, on Oct. 2, 1803, Sam Adams died in quiet George Washington. It was a post that he levied without jury trial and payable in cash. retirement in his native Boston. despised for its inactivity. The pages of the Boston Gazette were filled "My country," he wrote, "has in its wis­ with angry denunciations of the act, writ­ JOHN ADAMS: HIS MOOD AND Hrs TIMES dom contrived for me the most insignificant ten by Sam Adams and his friends in the (By Tom Henshaw) radical, semi-secret Caucus Club. Inflam­ office that was the invention of man." "Voted, to send only one Delegate to rep­ Washington, the all but unanimous choice, matory? Inciting to riot? Indeed they were. The ink was scarcely dry in the Gazette resent them in the Convention appointed to retired from the presidency in 1796 and be convened at Cambridge on the First day Adams was elected to replace him, but not when Andrew Oliver, who distributed the stamps in the Massachusetts Bay colony, was of September next for the purpose of Fram­ without a fight as the Federalist party of ing a New Constitution. Then the Honorable Adams a.nd Alexander Hamilton split and the hanged in effigy (he resigned the .next day) and the palatial home of Lt. Gov. Hutchin­ John Adams Esquire was chosen for that Democratic-Republicans of Thomas Jeffer­ purpose.-Braintree Records, Aug. 9, 1779. son surged to the fore. He barely edged Jef­ son was demolished in the first appearance of a street mob in Revolutionary Boston. There is every reason to believe that the ferson, 71--68, in electoral votes. Honorable John Adams Esquire didn't really Adams' four-year term as President was Sam Adams was elected to the House of Representatives that same year (1765) and want to go. marked by intra-party strife. Perhaps his He had arrived home only seven days be­ highest achievement was keeping the peace it gave him a larger stage from which to dispense his revolutionary doctrine. Emis­ fore on the French frigate La Sensible after with revolutionary and belligerent France, nearly 18 months in Paris helping to negoti­ with whom a treaty was concluded in the saries from the Caucus Club fanned out across the colony, preaching passive resist­ ate a commercial and military alliance with last year of his administration. But it was France. He was in such a rush to get home not enough to save John Adams. ance to the Stamp Act and inveighing against the presence of British troops in that he apparently landed the day before He lost the presidency to Jefferson in a Boston. La Sensible reached Boston by rowing ashore rematch in 1800 by eight electoral votes, from Nantasket Roads. 73-65. This time he really was through with Again, it was his articles in the Gazette He missed his wife, Abigail, terribly, and politics. He retired to write and farm on his that stoked the fires for the Boston Mas­ she him. estate. Pea.cefield, in Quincy, where he died sacre in which the British troops were pro­ "One wa.s angry, another wa.s full of Greif, July 4, 1826, the 50th anniversary of the voked into fl.ring into a crowd, killing five. and the third with Melancholy, so that I Declaration of Independence. Strangely, while Sam Adams helped to incite burnt them all," he wrote to her from Passy the incident, his young cousin, John Adams, on Dec. 18, 1778, listing his complaints with AN AGING FmEBRAND :rs ASK.ED TO LIFT H:i:s PEN the lawyer from Braintree, defended the her most recent letters. "If you write me in British soldiers from a murder charge. Sam Ada.ms was approaching his 57th this style I shall leave of writing intirely, it birthday, an aging firebrand born to foment By 1772, Parliament had repealed most of kills me. revolution whose time a.nd place had long the repressive measures a.nd radicalism was "Am I not wretched Enough, in this Ban­ since passed, when he was tapped by his on the wane in Boston. Sam Ada.ms be.rely ishment, without this? What Course shall I peers to help draft a constitution for Massa­ held his seat in the House in the election. take to convince you that my Heart is warm? chusetts. As one observer put it, "there was not I beg you would never more write to me in November 29, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34167 such a strain for it really makes me upon the wharf; the beating, stabbing, and sachusetts Constitution was accepted by the unhappy." insulting the Rev. Dr. Dagget after he was Convention with a. few a.Iterations but by "How lonely are my days?" she wrote on a made a prisoner, the mortally wounding of that time John Adams was long gone back Sunday evening, Dec. 27, "How solitary are Mr. Beers, senior, in his own door, and other­ to Europe, this time to help negotiate a. my Nights? How insupportable the Idea that wise abusing him; the robbing and murder­ treaty of peace with Britain and serve as 3000 leigues, and the vast ocean now devide ing the very aged and helpless Capt. English America's first minister to London. He did us-but devide only our persons for the in his own house, and the beating and not see the farm at the foot of Penn's Hill Heart of my Friend is in the Bosom of his finally cutting out the tongue of a distracted again for another eight years. partner." man, are sufficient proofs that they were But he was immensely heartened by these Somewhere on the vast ocean the two let­ 1'eally Britons." words from the pen of his ever-loving Abi­ ters passed each other. Raising men to soldier in the Continental gail, written on Oct. 15, 1780: Paris and the dissolute court of Louis XVI Army was becoming a problem. The Provin­ "Our Massachusetts Constitution is read held small appeal to the Puritan in John cial Congress resolved in June to raise 800 with admiration in New York and pro­ Adams, even when his closest everyday com­ men 16 years and over to serve in Rhode nounced by the Royal ·Governor as the best panions were Dr. Benjamin Franklin, still Island, "exempting officers and students o:f republican form he ever saw." with an eye for the ladies a.t age 73, and the Harvard, ministers, grammar schoolmasters, swashbuckling Capt. John Paul Jones, half Indians, Negroes, mulattoes and those who LITrLE RED FARMHOUSES WERE PROBABLY patriot, half pirate, who had just ta.ken com­ pay a fine of £30 or procure a substitute." ONCE CREAM mand of the leaky old Ea.st Indiaman he ha.cl Suffolk County was asked for 95 men to The little red farmhouses a.t the foot of renamed Bon Homme Richard. serve as privates at £16 a month. Penn's H111 where John and John Quincy The American colonies, newly reborn as Once in the Army, soldiers were hard to Ada.ms were born appear to be accurate re­ the United States of America, were going hold, too, in the face of privations and un­ flections of their condition in Revolutionary through the most dismal period of the War certain terms of enlistment. Boston papers times in structure only. for Independence. Inflation was rampant: of September, 1779, advertised for Nathaniel The U.S. National Parks Service, which butcher's meat, a. dollar to eight shillings a Piper, 21, a deserter from Col. Jackson's bat­ took charge of the two cottages in April, 1979, pound; flour, fifty dollars a hundredweight. talion, Capt. Hastings' company, who was is discovering new things a.bout them daily The news from the fighting front was of de­ known to be about Boston, particularly a.t as it strives to restore them to their appear­ feat, privation and horror. night; and Cpl. Samuel Berry 30, of Lynn, ance in 1807, the last year an Adams lived Massachusetts was deep in the agony of absent from Jackson's Corps. in them. the ill-fated Penobscot expedition. Closer to home, there was the case of For one thing, they weren't painted red, Late in June, the British started building Elizabeth Etter, one of the Cleverly girls probably a cream color, says Carole Perreault, a base near modern day Castine in the prov­ of Braintree, who was given permission by architectural conservator from the North ince of Maine to protect Halifax. The Ameri­ the Provincial Congress to take her 4-year­ Atlantic Historic Preservation Center, a re­ cans dispatched 1,000 Massachusetts militia old child and join her husband, Franklin, gional research arms of the USNPS. under Gens. Solomon Lovell and Peleg Wads­ the Tory, in Halifax where he was serving in Indeed, at least one of them was white at worth and a. 37 ship flotma under Commo­ the Loyal Nova Scotia Volunteers. Elizabeth one time, a.s this passage from the memoirs dore Dudley Saltonstall to stop them. was warned that she was "not to return to of John Quincy Adams, dated Sept. 9, 1824, But while Saltonstall dawdled and procras­ the state without leave from the govern­ wlll attest: tinated, British reinforcements arrived from ment." "I took a. ride of almost three miles with Sandy Hook and bottled up the American And, in Old Braintree, life went on. my father in his small carriage, called at Mr. forces, who fled into the wilderness of the The Town Meeting renewed the 30 sh111ing Ma.rston's and rode to the foot of Penn's Hill Penobscot River valley. All the ships and 474 bounty on crows' heads and voted to prose­ by the houses where my father and myself men were lost. So was all the artillery, under cute anyone who obstructed the alewife in were born. That of his nativity has within Lt. Col. Paul Revere. its annual passage upriver to the spawning the la.st year, at his request been painted A month later, the Provincial Congress ponds and named a. committee "to use their white." wrote to the Continental Congress asking to influence with proper authority to suppress, John Ada.ms law office, in which most of be excused from the continental tax of $6 any vexatious law suits that may be brought the Massachusetts Constitution was drafted, million until the expenses of the disastrous by Dr. Moses Baker against any of the In­ probably looked different in 1779. F .~r one expedition were liquidated. habitants of this Town," for what reason thing, the ceiling, where the beams have been The failure of the expedition, the letter was not stated. exposed since an earlier restoration in 1896, said, "ha.th involved this Government in ex­ Like many Braintree wives whose hus­ probably was plastered. treme Difficulty. We not only have lost three bands were a.way at war, Abigail Adams was "There is no evidence that the beams were State Vessels of Force but have insured all forced into the unaccustomed role of head charred by smoke from the fireplace so thny the others . . . The Calls upon us to make of the household, a. function she filled with must have been covered," says Ms. Perreault. good our Contracts with the Owners of the determination. "Holes in the lathe lines in the beams were private ships are pressing and must be ful­ "I cannot avoid sometimes repining that made by hand-wrought nails, which indica;;es filled ..." the gifts of fortune were not bestowed upon the covering was there in pre-19t.i1 century." "The "extreme Difficulty" of the people us, that I might have enjoyed the happiness The outside entry door at the corner of themselves called for a convention in Con­ of spending my days with my partner," she the law office probably was the:e in 1779, al­ cord early in July "to take into Consideration wrote, "but as it is, I think it my duty to though it was not necessarly cut through the the present distressed Situation of the People attend with frugality and economy to our wall as an entrance to the office. It is there at large; and particularly the excessive high own private affairs; and if I cannot add to in a water color of the Birthpl.i.ces, done in our little substance, yet see to it that it is 1822. But it is missing in photographs taken Prices of every Article of Consumption." later in the 19th century. The convention fixed the price of beef a.t not diminished." She abstained from drinking black market "When the building was restored in the six shillings a pound until Sept. 1, five shill­ 1890's, they took the plaster out and found ings after that; lamb and veal at four shill­ tea, allowing herself one tiny complaint: "I should like a. little green (tea), but they the door just a.s it is today," says Me. ings a pound; milk at two shillings, six pence Perreault. in Boston and directed that persons "who say there is none to be had here. I only wish it for a. medicine, as a. relief to a. nervous Indications a.re that the fireplace was demand or take more for any of the above there in 1779, but it probably was larger Articles ... shall be held and deemed a.s En­ pain in my head to which I am sometimes subject." and of a different shape. The lintel is prob­ emies to this Country and treated as such." ably the hand-hewn original but the hearth In Boston, laborers' wages were set at 60 John Ada.ms attended the opening session almost certainly has been rebuilt. The small shillings a day; ship carpenters 78 shillings. of the Constitutional Convention in Cam­ bricks are not characteristic of the 18th The news from the front was almost uni­ bridge on Wednesday, Sept. 1. On Saturday, century. formly bad. he was named to a committee of 30 to pre­ The John Quincy Adams Birthplace is Gen. George Washington's main Continen­ pare the declaration of rights and the con­ the older of the two. There are indications tal Army was inactive around Philadelphia; stitution. On Monday, the committee dele­ that one Samuel Belcher was living there Sir Henry Clinton's small British force was gated the task to a subcommittee of three, in 1663 in a one room structure with fire­ moving all but unimpeded up the Hudson; John and Samuel Ada.ms; and James Bow­ place. It was expanded to its present size Savannah had fallen; and a band of Loyalists doin. The subcommittee, in turn, left it up in 1716. During the 1896 restoration, a. brick under Col. William Tryon was laying waste to John. dated June 6, 1716, was discovered in the the Connecticut countryside. Fairfield and "I was by the Convention put upon the main part of the house. Green's Farms were burned and Norwalk de­ Committee-by the Committee upon the The house was purchased by Deacon John stroyed all in a. three-day period. West Haven subcommittee-and by the subcommittee Adams for £50 in 1744 and rented to Dr. was under attack and the fiercely anti-British appointed a sub subcommittee-so that I Elisha. Sa.vu until 1761 when the Dea.con's Independent Chronicle of Boston fumed: had the honor to be principal Engineer," he son John inherited it from his father and "Although in this expedition it must be wrote to his friend, Edmund Jennings. Pay­ moved in. John Quincy Adams was born confessed to the credit of the Britons that roll records indicate that he was paid £90 there Jan. 11, 1767. they have not done ALL the mischief in for his work. John and his wife, Abigail, moved out their power; yet the burning of the stores The so-called "Adams draft" of the Mas- and into the larger Mansion on Adams St. 34168 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 2·9, 1979 ln 1788, leaving the cottage and its farm and the influence of organized crime. He ticle appeared in the November 24, 1979, to tenants. But John Quincy Adams moved remained totally committed to democ­ issue of the AFL-CIO News. back into his birthplace in 1803 and stayed until 1807, just before he wa.s named U.S. racy, and everything it stood for includ­ The article follows: Minister to Russia.. He was the la.st Ada.ms ing the ballot box, the legislative process, DELEGATES GIVE GEORGE MEANY A LAsT to live there. and the freedom to assemble and bargain HURRAH The John Ada.ms Birthplace originally was collectively, which he considered to be (By John M. Barry) the home of Joseph Penniman but its a.ge the cornerstone of a democratic society. The convention belonged to George Meany. ls not known. A brick inscribed with the Further, he has been influential in such He held the hearts of the delegates from date 1681 wa.s found during restoration in areas as politics, foreign affairs and, in the first day, when he advised them officially the 1890's but dated bricks a.re not regarded more recent years, he has focused his that it was "the last time I will have the as indisputable evidence of a.ge by the Na­ efforts on our Nation's energy problems. honor of opening a convention of the AFL-­ tional Park Service. CIO," the federation of American workers Dea.con John Ada.ms purchased the house While Meany's success over the years that stands a.s his finest achievement. and seven acres of land from James Pen­ is part of our Nation's history, he has And he remained in their hearts on the niman in 1720 a.nd it wa.s in the southeast never taken time to look back. Rather, he final day of the gathering, when the successor bedroom next to the Coast Road that the has always focused his efforts toward he ha.d nominated, Lane Kirkland, rapped the future president of the United States was goals still to be achieved. Mr. Meany ex­ gavel to adjourn the 13th biennial conven­ born on Oct. 19, 1735 (Old Style). The tion. Deacon left it to his second son, Peter pressed this philosophy in his recent In between, the delegates let Meany know Boylston Ada.ms, when he died in 1761. farewell address: with repeated standing ovations of the high Both houses were restored by the Ada.ms To achieve our goals, the labor movement regard they held for him, for his leadership Realty Trust, the John Quincy Ada.ms Birth­ cannot be content with defending the status and courage in standing up front for working place in 1896 at a cost of $1,650, and the quo, or rellving past glories. We must con­ people whenever and wherever their rights John Adams Birthplace a year later at an stantly look to the future, develop new lead­ were threatened or denied. ext'ense of $515.49. They were presented to ership, a.da.pt policies to changing condi­ On his part, Meany had only gratitude-to the city of Quincy in 1940 and supervised tions and new technologies-but-always, the ~IO staff for "a job well done," to by the Quincy Historical Society until they always with unswerving loyalty to the mis­ the leaders of each federation affiliate and were turned over to the USNPS in 1979.e sion of the trade union movement as the central body "who have carried out the pro­ instrument for improving and enhancing the grams and have made this federation a testa­ working and llving conditions of those who ment" to their forebears, to his fellow mem­ SALUTE TO GEORGE MEANY work for wages. bers of the Executive Council for their coun­ sel a.nd support and friendship, and to the He went on to cite several important delegates a.nd the members they represent HON. MARIO BIAGGI goals that have yet to be fulfilled: Na­ "for the highest honor that could be pa.id OF NEW YORK tional health insurance, full employ­ any human being, the honor of leading this great organization of workers who have built IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment, equal rights for women, and labor law reform. this nation." Tuesday, November 27, 1979 Meany commissioned all of them to take In the words of the newly elected presi­ the American trade union center he had e Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, on No­ dent of the AFL-CIO, Lane Kirkland: helped to create and to carry it forward to vember 19, 1979, the first president of the I cannot promise to match or even approxi­ new heights. AFL-CIO. George Meanv. retired. He mate the record of achievement of George "It needs to continue to grow," he told leaves behind a remarkable record of Meany-but I am reassured by the certain them, "to consolidate its strength. And, I achievement and a leadership base ca­ knowledge that neither could anyone else predict with certainty, it wlll." . pable of carrying on the work of the in our time. Every speaker who took the convention AFL-CIO in his tradition. podium had a special recollection of the While I fully share Mr. Kirkland's achievements that marked Meany's ca.reer­ I take special pride in saluting this sentiment, I would like to also express government officials, Cabinet officers a.nd legendary labor leader because he comes my wholehearted support for, and con­ President Carter himself; congressional lead­ from my district in the Bronx. where he fidence in, the new leadership of the ers of both polltical parties; civil rights lead­ began his career at the age of 16 as an AFL-CIO, especially to Mr. Kirkland and ers a.nd the victims of oppression; his fellow apprentice plumber. He moved on to the newly elected secretary-treasurer, trade unionists from countries throughout become what one news article described Thomas R. Donahue, a fellow New the free world and from here in the United as "a cigar chomping, finger-stabbing, Yorker. States. On its second da.y, the convention paid its table-pounding, tough-talking champion Both of these men have much to offer, of labor." own tribute in the time-tested manner of having gained invaluable experience conventions, through a resolution. It wa.s He served as president of the New York while serving under the dynamic George read to the delegates by an old friend and State Federation of labor from 1934 to Meany. Lane Kirkland served 9 years as colleague, Martin Ward, president of the 1939, a fact that all New Yorkers are ex­ Meany's executive assistant and 10 years Plumbers & Pipe Fitters, the union that had tremely proud and thankful. In 1940, as secretary-treasurer. Mr. Donahue, as given Meany his start as an apprentice in New York was forced to share George New York. In the galleries, as Ward read part of his 30 years in the trade union the words, were members of the AFL--CIO Meany's extraordinary leadership abil­ movement, served as Meany's executive ities with the rest of the country when headquarters staff who had been given the assistant since 1973. afternoon off by "the boss" so they could he was chosen as the secretary-treasurer Donahue's extensive labor experience see what a. federation convention ls llke. In of the AFL. He· remained in that position also is closely tied to New York City, the audience were his grandchildren and u..'1.til 1952, when he was elected to the where he was a part-time organizer for their pa.rents, the close-knit family that oc­ national presidency of the union. the Retail Clerks in 1948, and then cupies his private llfe. After 3 years of determined efforts. served as a business agent, contract di­ "Whereas. George Meany-our friend, our Mr. Meany was successful in uniting the leader, our brother ...," the resolution be­ American Federation of Labor with the rector, publications editor and assistant gan. It went on to point out his "vision" Congress of Industrial Organizations, to the president of Local 32B of the in bringing about the merger of the AFL and became the AFL-CIO's president. Service Employees. Donahue was later and the CIO in 1955. "his faith in the labor appointed Assistant Secretary of Labor movement" a.nd "his commitment to its During his 24 years of service, the in the Johnson administration with re­ hi~hest ideals." his "strong voice" raised on AFL-CIO was instrumental, under the sponsibility for the department's labor behalf of workers a.nd "in pursuit of free­ strong leadership of George Meany, in relations activities. dom. democracy and dignity for a.11 people." And it conveyed the convention's "love and obtaining the passage of landmark leg­ Mr. Speaker, this Nation is extremely islation dealing with such issues as min­ respect. and its sincerest best wishes for a imum wage, civil rights, improved health fortunate to have been blessed with a long and happy life." and safety standards in the workplace, man of George Meany's caliber, and I Finally. the resolution declared Meany to and pension-benefit guarantees. am hopeful that his vast wisdom con­ be president emeritus of the AFL--CIO, with tinues to be utilized even in retirement. annual compensation equal to that of the However, Mr. Meany did not restri~t organization's president. his efforts solely to labor issues. He was At this time I would like to insert an To keep from adding days to the proceed­ very active in fighting against totalitari­ article describing the recent AFL-CIO ings. the convention permitted a half-dozen anism in all forms and protecting the farewell to George Meany at the AFL­ speakers to convey the sentiments of all 895 AFL-CIO from Communist penetration CIO's 13th biennial convention. The ar- delegates. November 29, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34169 There was Fred O'Neal of the Actors & in this country for the Soviet exile, Alek­ Dawn" showed that the knowledge levels Artists, who said Meany "has taken the stage sandr Solzhenitsyn, to tell the story of Soviet and attitudes of the public were posi­ and held it against the critics of our profes­ tyrannny and the Gulag Archipelago. sion" and of the entire labor movement; This year, Kirkland noted, Meany initiated tively affected by the project. who hailed Meany's efforts on behalf of black and guided the discussion leading to the Na­ Mr. Speaker, because of the amount workers, and who exhorted the convention, tional Accord with the Carter Administra­ of space it would demand, I will not in­ in the words of Shakespeare, to "embrace tion giving labor a strong voice in the na­ clude the full report on "Project and love this man with a true heart and tion's economic programs. Dawn"-its objectives, research and im­ brotherly love." When the list was done, Kirkland told the plementation. However, I call my col­ Ray Corbett, head of the New York State delegates that even in retirement Meany leagues attention to "Project Dawn,'' a AFL-CIO, recalled Meany's own leadership would be on call for advice and counsel. unique and sensitive effort to open the of his home-state central body that became "This great mine of wisdom, character, ex­ a springboard for his rise to national lead­ perience and memory is far from exhausted minds and hearts of a community to the ership. "We thought we were losing some­ of its product," he said. "The trade union mentally handicapped who need special thing," Corbett said. "But all of us in New movement that he has done so much to build understanding to be-in the words of York suddenly recognized . . . that all we and advance is still not yet so rich in genius "Project Dawn"-the most they can be.• did was to share the benefits of your prog­ and inspiration as to be able to afford the ress with the entire nation and, yes, I guess, neglect of the vital resource embodied in the the world." person of George Meany." Jack Sheinkman of the Clothing & Textile But a.fter all the words were said in that THE AIR FORCE IN THE SPACE AGE Workers pointed to Meany's lifelong fight special tribute, Meany had the last word. He against totalitarianism in all forms and reminisced a bit for the delegates and presented him with a copy of a new booklet thanked them. HON. JACK HIGHTOWER prepared by the Jewish Labor Committee, "I hope to be able to render some service OF TEXAS which Sheinkman heads, for distribution in in whatever way I can. I'm sure that my suc­ America's schools. Its title: "George Meany­ cessor will not have to call on me," he said IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Making of a Freedom Fighter." as he turned to Kirkland with a smile. "I'll Thursday, November 29, 1979 Jean Ingrao, secretary-treasurer of the be breathing down his neck.''e Maritime Trades, remembered starting out e Mr. HIGHTOWER. Mr. Speaker, in 27 years ago in Meany's office with plans the November 5 edition of U.S. News & to work for only two years and thanked AKRON "PROJECT DAWN" SPARKS World Report, there is an exceptionally him warmly for instilling in her "a desire COMMUNITY UNDERSTANDING interesting article written by the asso­ to learn, to achieve, to strive." OF THE MENTALLY HANDICAPPED ciate editor, Orr Kelly, concerning what . Sol Chaikin of the Ladies' Garment Work­ we may expect in the next decade with ers spoke especially for members of his own respect to our Air Force operations in union in thanking Meany for his support of HON. JOHN F. SEIBERLING the decades ahead. their efforts to lift their low wages and poor OF OHIO conditions to acceptable levels and re­ Who would have believed back in the marked with wonderment at how "this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES days of Wilbur and Orville Wright that plumber from the Bronx was easily at home Thursday, November 29, 1979 within a matter of a few short years, with the unemployed, with the desperate, planes would be flying higher and faster with the deprived, with the exploited ... • Mr. SEIBERLING. Mr. Speaker, I than man could ever have dreamed, and and then with the captains and kings." want to take this opportunity to inform that men would be landing on the Moon Howard Mcclennan, the chief Fire Fighter my colleagues about a unique pilot pro­ through the miracle of our technology and head of the AFL-CIO Public Employee gram-"Project Dawn"-which was un­ and research. Dept., conveyed the gratitude of the work­ dertaken in my district to enlist com­ ers in the public sector for helping the I believe it is important for all Mem­ department get started. munity support and understanding of bers to have the opportunity to read this Lane Kirkland, who had stood beside mentally handicapped citizens. The very interesting and exciting article con­ Meany for a quarter-century as aide and project was sponsored by the Summit cerning the Air Force in the space age. fellow officer, earlier had asserted the privi­ County Association for Retarded Citi­ The article follows: lege of reviewing Meany's accomplishments zens under Ray Thomas Jr., executive A NEW Am FORCE FOR THE SPACE AGE so that they will be "inscribed in one place director, with a grant from the Ohio The most dramatic changes in its 32-year in the living history of this federation." Department of Mental Health and Men­ history a.re transforming the U.S. Air Force. Kirkland began with the legislative gains tal Retardation and the Ohio Develop­ Taking shape is a high-technology military Meany had helped win for New York workers mental Disabilities Planning Council, arm that will send men and women to live as head of the State Federation of Labor, in­ and work routinely in space in the early cluding the state's pioneering unemployment and was implemented by the Akron­ based public relations firm, Meeker­ 1980s. Its planes will carry supersmart weap­ insurance system, and he cited Meany's lead­ ons and laser "death rays" that ca.n score a ership of a successful strike against the gov­ Mayer. certain klll against any target a pilot can ernment to preserve wage standards for "Project Dawn" was a public educa­ see. Its ab111ty to "look" deep into hostile ter­ WPA workers. tion effort to teach community residents ritory will be greatly enhanced. He recalled Meany's service on the War about mentally handicapped individuals And, if no hitches develop, it wlll build and Labor Board during World War II and his in institutions, and those returning to operate a 33-blllion-dolla.r mobile missile sys­ post-war involvement with the Free Trade tem that could radically shift the superpower Union Committee. or living in the community. The purpose was to create a more open-minded atti­ strategic balance before the end of the '80~. The 1955 merger unifying a divided Ameri­ The revolution in technology is matched can labor movement was Meany's most im­ tude toward the developmentally dis­ by a revolution in personnel policy. Gone are portant accomplishment, Kirkland observed, abled, to address the fears and anxieties the days when the 560,000-strong Air Force yet it was "not a climax, but just a be­ of the public about the mentally handi­ was headed by a cigar-chomping bomber ginning." capped, to educate the public about the pilot and only 10 percent of its officers had The list went on to cite adoption of the different kinds of developmental disabil­ finished college. AFL-CIO Internal Disputes Plan, the evolu­ ities, and to create a community climate Now, 40 percent of the colonels have master tion of COPE into a major political force on where mentally handicapped individuals degrees or better, and the chief of staff is a behalf of workers, Meany's strong stand in were encouraged to develop to their nuclear physicist who wrote his doctoral support of the civil rights struggle and his thesis on "Photo Disintegration of Deuterium insistence over the doubts of President Ken­ capacity. by 95 Mev X-rays." nedy on inclusion of a fair employment prac­ The project incorporated personal ex­ Such talents will be in even greater de­ tices section in the Civil Rights Act. periences of 15 mentally handicapped mand as development of a shuttle enables the In 1969, Kirkland, noted, Meany founded individuals residing in the area who ex­ Air Force to leap into space. Air Force the Labor Studies Center that now bears his pressed their frustrations with their Secretary Hans Mark, a nuclear physicist, name so that the federation would have a handicaps and their hopes for their lives. stresses that the importance of sending ordi­ center for training its future leaders. In the nary service personnel-and not just astro­ '70s, Meany rallied labor to win bargaining Although the project did not have the nauts-for duty in space can't be exagger­ rights for postal workers and enactment of a resources to measure the general com­ ated. strong occupational safety and health law. munity's attitudes before and after the HUMAN JUDGMENT He led American labor in its continuing project, which used both radio and tele- Of the 487 shuttle missions the U.S. now support for the State of Israel against its vision to reach the public, the general pla.ns to fly in the next dozen yea.rs, 113 will enemies, and he provided the first platform response to the broadcasts of "Project involve a. military purpose. 34170 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 2'9, 1979 "Every single flight or the space shuttle," ca.n survive a Soviet surprise attack poses moments-an exceedingly dangerous ma­ says Mark, "will be accompanied by man, another staggering technological challenge. neuver. with human judgment. That will make a In one of the biggest engineering projects in The new electronic fire-control devices will major change in how we do business." He history, the Air Force will build 200 "race eliminate that danger, permitting e. filer to predicts that the first service personnel to track" courses for the new missile in the release his weapons while he ls maneuvering remain in space for long spells will not be Western U.S .. assuming that Congress au­ violently-even if he ls rolling upside down. supermacho test pilots but telephone tech­ thorizes the plan. Each track wlll consist'o! a Technology is being developed to help pi­ nicians who will repair and monitor the un­ 20-mile loop with 23 garagelike shelters to lots in other ways. New radar and lasers, now manned satellites that are increasingly im­ conceal a. missile. under test, will make American wa.rpla.nes portant !or communications, navigation and At the same time, work will be pushed virtually immune to enemy jamming, a. ma­ surveillance. ahead to perfect the missile itself, a. monster jor problem. These devices a.re in what ls From the shuttle, Air Force technicians capable of delivering 10 super-accurate war­ known as a. "constant jump mode"-tha.t ls, will be able to place satellites in orbit and heads against targets in the Soviet heart­ they move continuously and a.utoma.tlca.lly retrieve and repair older satellltes. They may land. from one frequency to another, defying en­ even check out foreign satellltes to see how Other teams of engineers will design a emy efforts to pinpoint them. Because of the they work. 480,000-pound vehicle capable of "dashing" Russian emphasis on disrupting enemy com­ Maj. Gen. Jasper A. Welch, Jr., assistant with the missile from one shelter on the race munications, this effort to jam-proof U.S. chief of staff for systems and analyses, says track to another at speeds up to 30 mlles planes ls a. top Air Force priority. an hour. the abi11ty to carry out repairs in orbit will ON THE GROUND make it possible to produce satellites much The development a.nd production of cruise more cheaply and to send them quickly into missiles are another multibillion-dollar proj­ other advances in technology promise dra­ space to perform specialized jobs. Currently, ect that will bring revolutionary change to matic improvements in the ground-support every satellite must be manufactured to oper­ the Air Force. These are tiny, subsonic un­ area.. One example: New aircraft engines wlll ate flawlessly !or its full lifetime and then manned airplanes tha.t will be launched from have far !ewer parts than those fiying today. tested over and over to make sure it will not carrier planes hundreds of miles from their This not only will reduce the chances for break down. With a repairman in space, there targets. Each missile, flying close to the failure but drastically cut the number o! will be no need !or that level of perfection. ground, will be guided by a computerized spa.re parts that must be bought and stored. Most spy-in-the-sky operations will be bra.in following a. terrain map. Another example: Streamlining of the Air handled by unmanned satellites. But Lt. Gen. A big new warplane is planned-although Force Logistics Command. Gen. Bryce Poe II, Thomas P. Stafford, a former astronaut who no decision has been reached on whether to who heads the command, claims that when now heads Air Force research and develop­ build it or even what its ultimate mission Israel defeated Egypt and Syria in the brief ment, says there also will be men with ought to be. but intense Yorn Kippur Wa.r of 1973, it was blnocula.rs--or more-sophisticated devlces­ During the coming year, the Pentagon will logistics that made the decisive difference. watching to see what's going on down below. decide whether to design this aircraft to He says: "It wa.s a. logistical conflict between Stafford says he ls still amazed at how much stand off and launch cruise missiles, pene­ us a.nd the Soviets. We beat them hands detail ca.n be seen from space, even with the trate to the heart of enemy defense or com­ down over a. longer distance." His command naked eye. bine those two !unctions. The technological is responsible for 800,000 items, from patrol Repair and maintenance teams will be challenge of developing such a warplane­ dogs to nuclear weapons, with a. budget of followed into space by the crew of an orbit­ given improved Soviet air defenses-is con­ 16.4 billion a year. If it were a. private busi­ ing control center. This wlll replace the fly­ sidered immense. ness, it would rank 10th on a list of the top ing command post that ls on constant air­ While this "large wa.rplane"-a.s Secretary 500 corporations in the country. borne alert to enable top officers to control Mark calls it-is on the agenda. for the fu­ Largely through the use of computers and the U.S. nuclear arsenal in a crisis. ture, the Air Force is in the process of buying automated equipment, the Logistics Com­ mand has reduced its depots from 21 in the SOMETHING OF VALUE a whole new fleet of combat planes: F-15 and F-16 fighters, A-10 tank killers, E3A mid-1950s to five today. At the same time, Will the Air Force eventually fight outside combat command posts. it ha.s cut the number of people employed the atmosphere? Secretary Ma.rk has no from 225,000 a. quarter of a. century a.go to doubt that armed conflict will follow man In the next decade, as much as 12 billion 91,000 today, a.nd that number ls scheduled into space. "Where there a.re things of value, dollars ma.y be spent on electronic equip­ to drop another 10 percent by the early people will fight about them," he says. With ment-new radar, communications, guid­ 1980s. Despite these decreases, Poe says, the the shuttle, carrying 10 times the payload of ance, fire-control and jamming devices-to Logistics Command is doing essentially the existing rockets, there will be a. rapid increase improve the performance of these new same a.mount of work. in the number of things of value in space. planes. A major effort will be made to over­ As the Air Force prepares for its new Stafford and Allen, the chief o! staff, fore­ come a critical problem: The limited abi11ty challenges, there a.re many in the service see a fleet of two-ma.n spaceships capable o! of American warplanes to attack ground tar­ who worry that this elite corps ls in serious taking off from ordinary airports, zooming gets at night a.nd in bad weather. danger of losing the very asset that has out of the atmosphere and then returning to Another critical problem is that the very­ maide possible its technological leadership: land a.t their home bases after completion of high-per!ormance engines used in the F-15 The high quality of its people. their missions. They will probaibly be and F-16 a.re wearing out much !aster tha.n THE EXODUS expected. equipped with laser weapons to burn out the One warning sign ls that, for the first electronics of a hostile satellite or another In developing new a.lrcra.!t, the emphasis time since the introduction of the all-volun­ spaceship. Stafford says that such a fleet is less on increasing altitude a.nd speed a.nd teer force seven years ago, the Air Force ls could be operational before the end of the more on electronics that ca.n tell a. pilot not filling recruitment goals. century. where he is, help him find his target and Even more worrisome is the fact that ex­ As a first step toward achieving this, the enable him to communicate easily. New de­ perienced men a.nd women-both middle­ F-15 fighter is being fitted with a missile velopments in electronics make it possible to level enlisted personnel and commissioned that can be fired into space from high in the put more a.nd more computing ca.pa.city into otncers--a.re leaving the service in increas­ atmosphere to knock down a.n enemy's small planes, enabling pilots to make spllt­ ing numbers. The loss of pilots a.nd engi­ satelllte. second decisions. neers, critical to the future of the Air Force, While the move into space will revolution­ How far the Air Force ha.s progressed on ls pa.rtlcula.rly acute. ize the role of the Air Force, other develop­ this front wa.s demonstrated recently when A shortage of 2,000 pilots and 900 engi­ ments, almost as dramatic, are in the works. F-15 fighters supplied to Israel engaged a. · neers is currently reported. Experimentation with lasers has reached the flight o! Russian-ma.de planes of the Syrian While there ls concern in the Pentagon, point where it ls considered a. near certainty Air Force in a dogfight. Four Syrian planes in commands outside Washington the reac­ that they will be used as "death ray" weap­ were shot down in a battle tha.t lasted only tion ls close to alarm. "We a.re in deep, ons in the near future. 1 Y2 minutes. serious trouble," declares Gen. Alton D. Slay, head of the Systems Command. "The 1980s will be the decade o! the laser," FLYING COMMAND At Langley Air Force Base, Va.., home o! Stafford says. Already, a laser-equipped plane To back up the increasingly sophisticated is fiylng at Wirtla.nd Air Force Base, N.M. the Tactical Command, the situation ap­ electronic equipment in small aircraft, !our­ pears pa.rtlcula.rly bleak. Gen. W. L. Creech, In experiments, small unmanned planes and engined flying command posts are coming missiles have been destroyed in flight. the tactical commander, described the steps into service to monitor everything that ls he ha.d taken to improve life in the service The first use of lasers as weapons wlll be to happening in the battle area. Technicians in for his pilots. The result? "We've made so defend large planes. A cruise-missile carrier, these planes not only guide the smaller much progress they're leaving us now with for example, might be so armed to protect planes but also use their computers to work smiles on their faces," he says. "Our pllot­ itself as it circled over the ocean preparing out complex tactics in a. matter of seconds. reten tlon rate is the best in the Air Force­ to launch its missiles. Later, laser weapons Soon to come are superpower!ul computers, and it's terrible." Not only is the loss of will be made small enough to be carried by packaged in tiny panels, that will increase pilots reaching serious proportions, but lightweight fighter planes to attack ground the chances of a pilot to fight and live to there ls also a less noticed loss of sergeants targets and enemy planes. fight another day. At present, a. pilot must which, Creech says, "could reach a fiood Development of a new MX missile that fly directly at hls target at least !or a !ew unless we addres.s the issue." November 29, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34171 For the long-range health of the service, Santa Barbara area of my congressional of the phenomena of our time, the in­ the shortage of engineers may be even more district put FIRESCOPE to the test. The creasing age of the population of our serious than the loss of filers. The Air Force results were positive and merit being people and all that attends that signifi­ counts on recruiting 800 to 1,000 engineers a year. It is now reaching only 40 percent of brought to your attention. Command was cant change, Senator CRANSTON pre­ that goal, says Lt. Gen. Andrew P. Iosue, the instantaneous and totally unified under sented a scholarly dissertation and did service's manpower chief, and experienced the "Incident Commander," the title it in a very engaging manner so that his engineers are leaving in record numbers. given to the chief in whose area the address was warmly received by the dis­ "We are back-filling jobs that were held emergency exists. A uniform emergency tinguished audience present. by captains and majors and lieutenant structure was put into operation where I should like to share with my col­ colonels with second lieutenants. A man all FIRESCOPE equipment and person­ leagues in the Congress and the people of with one year of experience replaces a man nel worked interchangeably. In the words with 12. The experience exchange is dis­ our country this eloquent address of astrous," says Lt. Gen. Lawrence A. Skantze, of Santa Barbara County Fire Chief Wil­ Senator CRANSTON'S, and I include in the commander of the Aeronautical Systems Di- liam Patterson, "the nicest thing about RECORD following these remarks. vision in Dayton. · FffiESCOPE is that it works." Without SPEECH BY SENATOR ALAN CRANSTON, LASKER Largely responsible for the manpower FmESCOPE the Eagle Canyon fire AWARDS CEREMONY 1979 problem, say top Air Force officers, is the might well have been a terrible disaster. The Old Testament speaks of the years series of ceilings that have prevented mili­ FIRESCOPE enabled the positioning of of human life as three-score and ten. But tary pay from keeping up with the cost of fire units before the fire started. when the scriptures were written, average living and with raises received by union The history of FIRESCOPE goes back life expectancy was only 18 years. Much later, workers. Coupled with this is the price in­ to 1971, when Congressionial action au­ at the peak of the Roman Empire, life ex­ dustry will pay men and women with certain pectancy was about 22. By Shakespeare's critical skills. A pilot who takes an airline thorized the U.S. Forest Service to assist time the average had crept up to 35 years. job can make two or three times the income southern California fire agencies in de­ Obviously, everyone in those days did not he could achieve in the service. An engineer veloping a system that would increase die that young. At all times in history some right out of college can go to work in in­ coordination and effectiveness during people have survived to 80 or 90 or even dustry for $18,000 or more. The Air Force can major emergencies. It encompasses longer. In each generation a handful o! offer $12,000. Santa Barbara, Ventura, Los Angeles, strong individuals have come close to liv­ But beyond this difference in compensa­ San Bernardino, Orange, Riverside and ing a full and natural life span. tion is a growing bitterness, a feeling that San Diego Counties. Life expectancy is an average. In the past, service life is going to get steadily worse. Because of the success to date of a larger percentage of people than now "Almost in every area, from the perspec­ died at birth. Deaths used to be more fre­ FIRESCOPE in saving lives and prop­ quent in the young and middle years due tive of people in the service, there have not erty, I ask the Members of the House to only been pay cuts but reneging on the deal to poor nutrition, inadequate sanitation, they made with the country,'' Creech says. join with me in extending congratula­ harsh living conditions and the spread o! tions and continued support to the agen­ infectious disease. A young pilot complains: "Do you know cies involved.• This century began with an average life how they're going to pay for the new MX expectancy of 49 years in the United States. missile? They're going to take it out of our Almost overnight-in terms of history-we parking fees." have added more than 20 years to life ex­ Thus, twin challenges face the Air Force SENATOR CRANSTON'S SPEECH AT pectancy here, and elsewhere in the world's as it prepares to move into space in the wealthier nations. 1980s: THE LASKER AWARDS CEREMONY, 1979 In just the last decade we have added It must maintain the momentum of its nearly three years more to this average. New revolution in technology and at the same figures from the U.S. Public Health Service time attract and hold the men and women show deaths from heart disease are down whose special talents are needed to manage HON'. CLAUDE PEPPER OF FLORIDA 22 percent since 1969. Deaths from stroke that revolution.e are down 32 percent. These are tremendous IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES achievements, in large measure due to our Thursday, November 29, 1979 efforts to educate the public about hyper­ tension and new methods for alleviating FIRESCOPE-A RESOURCE FOR • Mr. PEPPER. Mr. Speaker, each year some of its effects. Deaths from atheroscle­ EMERGENCIES amid the beautiful surroundings of the rosis and diabetes also are down significantly. St. Regis Hotel roof the Albert and Mary But we still have not changed our inherent Lasker Foundation, which has done so life span. Scientists in the relatively new HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO much for humanity through its programs field of gerontology now can estimate what OF CALIFORNIA for the stimulation of medical research our true life span is, however. Most of them agree that human beings have the biological IN THE HOUSE} OF REPRESENTATIVES and the application of medical knowl­ capacity to live to 100 or more-as some Thursday, November 29, 1979 edge, as well as the stimulation of the few manage to do even now. effort of public leaders in aid of such Most people don't live that long because e Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, objectives. The Albert and Mary Lasker the underlying mechanism of the aging proc­ when massive assistance is needed to Foundation presents the Albert Lasker ess make us vulnerable to cancer, heart combat a fire of major proportions there Medical Research Awards Luncheon. At disease, stroke, senility, diabetes and other has been, in the past, attendant massive this luncheon, the recommendation of degenerative diseases. These affiictions occur confusion as various units from outlying the awards jury for medical research much more frequently among the aged. They areas rush into the disaster area. This awards are presented and, on occasion, rob us of the comfort and quality of our ad­ confusion arises because emergency the awards jury also recommends a dis­ vanced years. They render many aging men agencies, fire, sheriff, highway patrol, and women helpless for years. And they tinguished figure for his or her public shorten our lives. police departments and others, each service in advancing medical knowledge talk their own language, and second I am convinced, however, that we are on and service to humanity. On such oc­ the verge of major advances in what we know because of a lack of unified command. casions, there is always an outstanding about the biomedical mechanisms of aging. FIRESCOPE, which is an acronym for speaker to make appropriate remarks To understand these mechanisms is to firefighting resources of southern Cali­ pertaining to the expansion and the begin to control them. And control of the fornia organized for potential emergen­ implementation of medical knowledge aging process promises two distinct benefits. cies, is a program designed to increase and providing greater and more mean­ First, by forstalling age changes in the effectiveness of fire agencies involved in ingful health care to the people of our body, physicians will almost surely have a fires and disasters that occur within a Nation, indeed, of the world. powerful new strategy for preventing disease. large area. The Operational Coordina­ This year at the luncheon on Novem­ And secondly, we will probably learn to avoid tion Center (OCC) is located in River­ the prolonged deterioration of mind and body ber 16, the speaker of the occasion was which now devastates so many people far side, Calif., and is manned by the Cali­ the Honorable ALLEN CRANSTON, U.S. short of their full life span. fornia Division of Forestry, State Office Senator from California and majority As a member of the Senate Health and of Emergency Services and the U.S. For­ whip of the Senate. Senator CRANSTON Scientific Research Subcommittee, and as est Service. There they track, daily, all stimulated those present by his grasp of chairman of the Veteran's Affairs Committee, the fire resources in southern California. the problem of providing medical care for I follow closely our progress in biomedical The recent Eagle Canyon fire in the the people and for appreciation of one research. Often I invite research scientists to 34172 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 2·9, 1979 my office in the Capitol. They have an op­ abilities. But we have some major challenges ours, talented young people spend an increas­ portunity to discuss their work in an infor­ still ahead. We must surmount them if we ing proportion of their lives being trained to mal, crossdisciplinary forum. They share new are to succeed in enhancing, as well as pro­ produce and contribute. But long before their findings with others working in parallel and longing, life. years of experience have enabled them to complementary research. We must plan ahead now for the kind of realize their very fullest potential, their What I have heard is astonishing to a lay­ society we are becoming. faculties fail to the processes of age. man. I suspect many scientists, too, would I think it is highly unlikely that in the This is a tragic loos in human terms and in be surprised to learn how quickly we are as­ next 30 or 40 years there will be no major terms o! productivity. We need to find life­ sembling pieces to a very fundamental technological breakthroughs that relate to span technologies that allow us to lengthen puzzle. human life span. Breakthroughs may come the middle yea.rs and to reduce to a minimum Researchers are probing basic mechanisms much sooner. But even if there are none the period of eventual decline. at the cellular and molecular level with soon, the number of people over 65 in our In this way we will develop a generation o! tools that were unknown and unavailable country will double in three to four decades. people with the wisdom, insight and energy just a few years ago. They are unravelling the With the commencement of control of the to lead us wisely forward to the !uture. secrets of how and why people age. Already aging process we will have an even larger We need not fear biomedical advances that some have successfully delayed and even re­ population of healthy, active older lead to greater human survival. Rather, we versed some aspects of the aging process in Americans. should be on guard against what Lewis laboratory animals. What will our society then be like? What Thomas calls hal!way technologies. The field of gerontology for years was con­ will the world be like when people live to 100 Halfway technologies in medicine treat the sidered an unglamorous and unpromising or more with the capacity to be vigorous and mani!estations of disease instead of its field. To a degree, that attitude persists. But competitive until the very end? mechanisms. They aim to compensate for we also are seeing a stirring of great interest Some will ask: why should we want to have after-effects of lllness rather than reaching among scientists in the basic biology of aging. more old people around? Especially when so for preventions. The National Institut e of Aging in Wash­ many elderly today suffer from poverty, The iron lung was an instance o! hal!way ington, D.C., reports a quadrupling of re­ dependence, low social status and age technology in the treatment of polio. Fortu­ search applications over the last three fiscal prejudice? nwtely, we didn't stop there. We pursued the years. What will be the burden of future health basic science that eventually yielded a vac­ Researchers across the country are closing care capacity and tax-supported services? cine. in on the disease of aging by pursuing What about overpopulation? Jobs for every­ I believe today's nursing homes someday strong leads in immunology, neural and en­ one? Living space? Won't our culture stag­ will be seen in a similar light-as the equiva­ docrine mechanisms, genetics, protein sys­ nate if there are more and more old people lent of iron lungs for the dependent elderly. thesis and free radical pathology. and fewer younger citizens? They wlll be regarded as an expensive relic I believe that the question before us is These are important questions. While it is of the days be!ore we !ound more satisfac­ not whether we will learn to intervene in the impossible to project precise solutions into tory answers to the challenges o! human aging process to our benefit. the future, we have some clues within our longevity. The question is: when? own century. We will not get to that happy day as For which generation? The present population of seniors was un­ quickly as we should, unless we marshal our Will my generation perhaps be the last anticipated when life expectancy was just 49 intellectual and financial resources, and be­ to die prematurely, or the first to live to its years. We have had problems with poverty, gin to do it now. full potential? inadequate housing, health and nursing care We will not get there rapidly unless we are I expect that investigations now under­ for the elderly. But I agree with Dr. Bob But­ willing to take some chances. way will pay our society a bonanza in a very ler of the National Institute on Aging that I am distressed when respected scientists few years. There are very real possibilities these are temporary dislocations. They are tell me that many innovative and original that we will learn to increase the robustness the result, largely, of society's failure to research proposals are not given a chance and vigor of older people, if we use our sci­ anticipate and prepare for a major shift in to prove themselves. human survival. We have no excuse to be un­ entific and fiscal resources wisely. These are times, in government especially, By extending t he potency of human im­ prepared in the future. If people in their 80s and 90s someday en­ when research dollars are scarce. Inevitably mune systems-to cite just one example­ there is a tendency to !avor safe bets in we might be able to stret ch the healthy mid­ joy the physical health and resilience asso­ ciated with middle-aged people today, we research. Too often institutes, eager to show dle years of life into the 70s and 80s and a. return on research, fund projects that yield beyond. need not worry about increased social costs of health care and dependency. Elderly Amer­ highly predictable-and minimal-results. This particular avenue of research might Predictable research will not speed us not pay its greatest reward in aging at all­ icans who work, produce for the economy and pay taxes will help us salvage much of toward the answers we need if we are to but in prevention and treat ment of cancer. meet the health challenges we face now and Many scientists believe that carcinogenesis the expense and wasted resources we now assume are inevitable with an aging will face in the future. We need to have the and senescence share a common biologic flexibility and the good judgment to support origin. We know, for inst ance, that 50 percent population. Certainly we will need to end forced retire­ occasional proposals that carry a high risk of all newly diagnozed cancers and 60 per­ o! failure-but that also holds the promise cent of all deaths from cancer occur among ment based on age alone in order to free the. energies and productive capacities of a o! a high payoff if they succeed. people over 65. It is difficult for government to justify Unfolding the mysteries of cellular and longer-lived, healthier population. Managing a larger work force and providing meaningful risks. Yet I think it must. But the difficulty molecular changes which underly the aging in moving the levers of government means process almost certainly will yield valuable jobs for all who want to work are political problems, not scientific problems. They can that there is now a crucial need for the information, possibly leading to cures for a private sector to give competition to govern­ host of medical problems from cancer to be solved. Ask yourselves this: has this century's ment-and to set a standard, too-in sup­ senile dementia, renal failure and athero­ porting potentially high benefit biomedical sclerosis, to name a few. dramatic increase in older Americans made ours a less flexible, intellectually sterile, or research. In America today, 11 percent of our popu­ socially immobile society? Not by a long shot. I know many of you here today are making lation-some 23 million people-are over Nor is stagnation the inevitable result of an large contributions to science and to those the age of 65. Their numbers grow by a half­ older population. working on its frontiers. I admire you greatly mlllion more each year. In the beginning of I do not minimize problems of overpopu­ for the achievements and services you are the next century-which really is not so far lation and limited resources in our nation making possible. away-the baby boom generation will ap­ and in our world. We will have to find solu­ For the present, the new mass o! knowledge proach 65. The number and percentage of tions to these problems. They will confront in the field I've focused upon in these re­ older Americans will swell dramatically. us whether or not we manage to intervene marks is still formless, incomplete, lacking Federal spending fer Social Security, in the aging process. essential threads of connection. There a.re health care and pensions for the elderly al­ I believe an older, wiser population will be fascinating new concepts everywhere, irre­ ready are in the multiple billions. We could an asset, and perhaps an absolute necessity sistible experiments beyond numbering, be in serious trouble by the year 2000. We if we are to cope with the future. It will help countless new ways into the maze of prob­ cannot afford to begin the 21st century with us grasp solutions that require years of tech­ lems and on to the heart that is their solu­ a mushrooming populat ion of dependent old nical. training and the kind of learning that tion. Every next correct move ls unpredicta­ people who are no better off than many who comes only through long and vast experi­ ble, every outcome uncertain. But a.11 hold are in nursing homes today. ence. the possib1Uty of discovery. Make no mist ake : our longer-lived popu­ George Bernard Shaw wrote: "Men do not I join with Lewis Thomas in assessing ours lation is a triumph and an opportunity for live long enough. They are, for all purposes of to be a puzzling time, but an exciting time, our country. high civilization, mere children when they an exhilarating time, a. very good time. We have won some important battles die." My thanks to many of you here for help­ against killer diseases and crippling dis- In a technically complex society, such as ing make it so. Thank you. e November 29, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34173 A TRIBUTE TO MR. AND MRS. the legendary physical culture proponent whom he directed in Slovak plays, de­ JOSEPH MATASOVSKY Bernarr McFadden. Mr. and Mrs. Mata­ picting life everywhere. He also served sovsky had an opportunity to channel as an editor of a Slovak newspaper, their enthusiasm for both physical fit­ Obrana, for a time. HON. AUSTIN J. MURPHY ness and love of their homeland, Slo­ While most of the companions of his OF PENNSYLVANIA vakia, in fraternal organizations which life have passed on, he is still known IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES were involved in the physical culture to thousands who have trained in his Thursday, Nove'mber 29, 1979 Sokol movement here in America. gymnasiums, who have read his articles, Mr. Matasovsky served as an officer on who have heard him speak and sing, who • Mr. MURPHY of Pennsylvania. Mr. the national, district, and local levels in have experienced his leadership, and who Speaker, today, when the divorce rate in two of the largest Slovak organizations have followed in his footsteps. America is soaring to 50 percent of all in America. He was the national com­ Mrs. Matasovsky is known especially marriages, when the traditional Amer­ mander of the Slovak Catholic Sokol, for her efforts for the Red Cross, the ican family structure and values seem to and the First Catholic Slovak Union Slovak Catholic Sokol, but most of all for be in decline, it is my distinct pleasure Sokol for years. He set up gymnastic her gracious hospitality to the· many to bring to your attention the life and and track and field programs to be used Slovak leaders who were guests at their achievements of a noteworthy couple in meets nationally in his two organiza­ Jane Street home in years gone by. who most clearly exemplify those values tions. He introduced the concepts of dis­ True Slovak pioneers, their name will we ought treasure most. tricts and groups and published the first ever be a talisman of dedication, effort Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Matasovsky, life­ terminology and drill books. Interwoven and sacrifice for others. long residents of the south side of Pitts­ in his orlginal choreography of rhythmic Today, villages in Slovakia evidently burgh observed their 70th wedding anni­ drills used for mass exhibitions was the named after Mr. Matasovsky's ancestors, versary Sunday, June 3. They were mar­ culture o.f Slovakia itself. In 1912 for as for instance, Matiasovce and a gene­ ried in St. Matthew's Church on the instance, his Sokols performed move­ ological research which produced a coat south side 70 years ago, and went to the ments with "valasky" long handled axes of arms of a bear carrying a club and same church to offer thanks for the typical of the era of the legendary Slo­ used by the bishops and barons in the blessings in their life. vak hero Janosik, the Rob Roy of Eng­ lineage may stand as witnesses to noble The Matasovskys are the parents of land. Songs of Slovakia, depicting life ancestors, but as far as Mr. Matasovsky four children: Mrs. Joseph Piroch there were used as musical accompani­ is concerned, it is the nobility of charac­ the New York Times; Jerry ers receive a thank you from their superiors. Strine, racing editor of the Washington "I'm also disappointed in some students UNITED STATES TAKES IRAN TO Post; Dick Smyser, managing editor of working with their school newspapers," Sny­ WORLD COURT the Oak Ridge, Tenn., paper; and Adam der said. "They lack the dedication of the Smyser, editor of the Honolulu Star-Bul­ young men and women of 30, 40 or 50 years letin, are all former students. ago." HON. PAUL FINDLEY With the help and guidance of Ken Currently, 250,000 students work on 34,000 OF ILLINOIS Snyder many young writers have realized high school publications throughout the nation, he said. "The United States still puts IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their dreams. And in helping them over in more effort to publish high school news­ Thursday, November 29, 1979 his 50 years with the association, Ken papers than any other country in the world." has fulfilled a great dream of his own­ Snyder, who has been a PSPA executive • Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, today to improve the quality of high school board member, has little patience with offi­ President Carter wisely decided to sue journalism. cials of high schools who claim their insti­ the Government of Iran in the Interna­ I ask unanimous consent that the Har­ tutions are too small for newspapers. "Any tional .Court of Justice at The Hague. He risburg Patriot-News article of October school can publish a newspaper," he said. is asking the World Court to order Iran 14, 1979, about Ken Snyder be inserted In his half-century of working with to rele--c.o.Se the American hostages imme­ in the RECORD at this point: YASPA, PSPA and CSPA, Snyder believes that he has devoted a full two years to the diately. ANNrvERSARY--SCHOLASTIC 50TH PRESS cause of high school journalism. "If you Last week in a letter to the President, CONFERENCE SET figure on a 40-hour week, I've put in two I pointed out that Iran's seizure of our YoRK.-The York-Adams Scholastic Press years since 1929," he said. diplomats and property blatantly vio­ Association will mark its Golden Anniversary In 1975, Snyder received the Golden Crown lates the 1961 Vienna Convention on October 23 at Spring Grove Area Junior­ certificate from CSPA for being one of the Senior High School, and a familiar face will outstanding leaders of the U.S. school press. Diplomatic Relations. The text of my be greeting conferees. letter is included in my statement in the In the same year, he was a warded a similar J. Kenneth Snyder, who assisted in plan­ citation by the PSPA in an awards ceremony CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of November 26, ning for the initial convention on April 17, headed by former Gov. Milton J. Shapp. page 33536, which makes clear that both 1929, is handling arrangements for the cele­ In 1953, Snyder and his wife, Elizabeth, Iran and the United States signed that bration. founded Country Bay School of York. The treaty and have agreed in writing that Snyder, retired headmaster of Country school has become a part of York College of either party can take the other to the Day School of York and one-time faculty Pennsylvania.e World Court to enforce its provisions. adviser for the now-defunct York Collegiate Today, President Carter filed a complaint Institute Chronicle, has participated in every with the justices of the World Court cit­ conference since the association's inception. The late Dean Hoffman, editor of the Har­ PERSONAL EXPLANATION ing the Vienna Convention, the U.N. risburg Patriot, was the main speaker at the Charter, and two other treaties. first conference. At the second session, the As a result, it will be the Iranian Gov­ late Lt. Gen. Albert Stackpole, general man­ HON. ALVIN BALDUS ager of the Harrisburg Telegraph, spoke. ernment that goes on trial, not Ameri­ OF WISCONSIN The 50th anniversary program speaker will can diplomatic prisoners as Khomeini IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES has proposed. Action by the International be Saul Kohler, executive editor of the Pa­ triot-News Co. He will describe his experi­ Thursday, November 29, 1979 Court should help galvanize world opin­ ences as a White House correspondent dur­ ion against Iran and hopefully move thait ing the Johnson, N1xon and Ford administra­ • Mr. BALDUS. Mr. Speaker, on Tues­ country toward an early release of U.S. tions. day, November 27, I missed several im­ citizens.• Several hundred young journallst.s wlll at- portant votes while I wa.s attending the 34176 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 2·9, 1979 National Milk Producers Federation an­ strengthened, he could better negotiate a NICARAGUA-PART II: SOCIAL AND nual conference in New Orleans. Had I political settlement. But congressional ap­ ECONOMIC PROBLEMS proval of the arms sale is still a.waited. A been present, I would have voted as long delay on the Hlll could be costly. follows: The situation is messy on several counts. Rollcall No. 682: On agreeing to an King Ha.ssa.n may have overreached in first HON. LEE H. HAMILTON amendment, as amended, that prohibits claiming a part of the former Spanish Sahara. OF INDIANA the FTC from enforcing the antitrust and then adding Mauritania's share when IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES laws with respect to agricultural coop­ that country withdrew from the anti-guer­ eratives and marketing orders. "Yes." rilla. war in August. He resisted international Thursday, November 29, 1979 Rollcall No. 693: On final passage of pleas for a. plebiscite to determine the post­ Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, Nicara­ colonial fate of the area, and his a.nnexa.tions e H.R. 2313, the FTC authorization bill. have gone largely unrecognized a.broad. But gua has suffered during the decade of "Yes."• no one can point to a. democratic mandate the 1970's as few other nations in the in the disputed region-certainly not the hemisphere. In December of 1972 a dev­ guerrmas whose mandate is their guns. astating earthquake shattered the capi­ ESCALATION IN THE DESERT Neighboring Algeria. with its own ambi­ tal city of Managua, claiming 5,000 lives tions toward the west and :Africa's Atlantic and inflicting physical damage to the coast ha.s proved to be King Hassan's most economy estimated at $800 million. Re­ HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI important opponent in the venture, sponsor­ construction was nowhere near com­ OF ILLINOIS ing and harboring the Marxist-led Polisario guerrllla.s. The guerrma.s have sophisticated plete when the country was ravaged by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Soviet-bloc weapons. Radical Libya. is be­ a civil war far more destructive than Thursday, November 29, 1979 lieved to help finance the insurgency, and blind nature. At least 35,000 people died Cubans are reported to be providing some as a result of hostilities which ended •Mr. DER.WINSKI. Mr. Speaker, on training. this summer, and physical damage to November 10, 1979, the l'few York Times Algeria. may now be participating even the economy has been placed at $580 printed a letter to the editor from our more directly against its fellow Arabs. Cap­ million. These figures are doubly grim outstanding colleague, STEVE SOLARZ. En­ tured guerrillas say they were led by Alge­ rian officers, according to Mr. Taylor's dis­ when one considers Nicaragua's size and titled, "King Hassan Should Get No U.S. general economic condition: it is a na­ Arms for His Saharan War," Mr. SoLARZ' patch. But Morocco enjoys support from other Arab nations---Egypt and Saudi Arabia.. tion about the size of Arkansas, with 2.5 letter was, as always, an erudite exposi­ The latter has urged the merits of the U.S. million people whose per capita annual tion of his views. On November 20, the arms sale. income fell to $650 this year. Washington star published an editorial, While massive American involvement is not It is difficult to comprehend the full to the contrary, "Escalation in the Des­ called for, there can be no question where ert." The Stwr recommended instead that the U.S. stands. King Hassan is a. friend of social and economic costs of the Nicara­ Morocco receive the arms in question. the West, and his rivals are not known for guan civil war, but suffice it to say that Both Mr. SoLARZ and the Washington this quality. If oil politics must be con­ those costs will be paid by virtually every Star agreed, as I do, I might add, that sidered, Algeria's role a.s a. supplier is more Nicaraguan in every walk of life. The than offset by Saudi Arabia's. social costs are perhaps the more severe. negotiation of the We.stern Saharan is­ King Hassan should have the opportunity sue is the key. Mr. SoLARZ, however, Beyond the staggering toll in war­ w acquire what he needs to fight off the related deaths, 100,000 people were seems to want to see King Hassan nego­ Polisario threat (which has included attacks tiate from a position of relative weak­ inside Morocco's original border). He should wounded and 40,000 children were or­ ness; whereas, the Stair prefers that he be encouraged to negotiate an end of the phaned. Just last month the Nicaraguan negotiate "from a position of reasonable desert war, from a. position of reasonable Embassy reported that 10 percent of strength." That appears to be the issue, strength.e the populace was homeless and 40 per­ and I might say that I agree with the cent was malnourished. The economic point of view of the Star in this case. costs are high as well. With one busi­ I believe we should send the arms to TURKEY VOICES DISAPPROVAL OF ness in four destroyed and agriculture Morocco, as the Star points out, "King AMERICAN EMBASSY TAKEOVER in a depression due to outright damage Hassan is a friend of the West and his and lost plantings, the gross domestic rivals are not known for this quality." I product of Nicaragua dropped 25 per­ HON. WM. S. BROOMFIELD cent during the belligerency. About $515 guess it all boils down to whether we OF MICHIGAN want the Marxist-led Polisario guerrillas million in capital fled the country in the with Soviet-bloc weapons, supported by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES same period. Upon assuming office in Algeria, Libya, and CUba, to be rela­ Thursday, November 29, 1979 July, the Government of National Re­ tively stronger in the negotiating stage, construction faced accumulated debts of e Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, the $1.5 billion, debt service of $660 million or our friend and ally, Morocco. crisis in Iran not only seriously threatens The Washington Star editorial is re­ this year alone, and a public treasury international peace and security, but stripped of all but $3.5 million in assets. printed below: also affects the way in which diplo­ Given social and economic dislocation EsCALATION IN THE DESERT macy can be conducted by the com­ of this magnitude, that Nicaragua has The struggle for control of the Western munity of nations. U.S. officials, the not yet sunken into chaos is nothing Sa.hara. has taken an ominous turn in recent United Nations Secretary-General, the short of miraculous. The miracle, of weeks. After four years of small-scale hit­ Presidents of the U.N. Security Council a.nd-run attacks by guerrillas against the course, stems from the strength and te­ troops of Morocco's King Hassan, the rebels and the General Assembly, as well as nacity of the Nicaraguan people. have started operating with greater confi­ other important foreign government If the recitation of these figures in dence, greater firepower and apparently a spokesmen have stated their support for briefings did not impress upon us Mem­ bolder infusion of foreign help. the sanctity of diplomatic premises and bers of Congress the seriousness of the The result, we learn from Washington Star personnel throughout the world. Most reporter Walter Taylor, has been a. series of recently the Turkish Prime Minister, situation in Nicaragua, what we saw of pitched battles such as the desert has not Suleyman Demirel, has expressed strong the country and heard from the people seen since World War II. The 40,000-man disapproval of the Iranian takeover of was more than enough to impress. Blast­ Moroccan force, though unbeaten, is ha.rd the U.S. Embassy in Tehran and the ed buildings and piles of wreckage, some pressed to keep control of the vast, sparsely from the earthquake and some from the populated territory, formerly a. Spanish seizure of American Embassy personnel colony. as hostages. I commend my colleagues' fighting, dotted the landscape in Mana­ Escalation of the conflict increases the ur­ attention to Mr. Demirel's November 23 gua. The walls of homes in the neighbor- gency of Morocco's bid to purchase sorely statement: hoods bore scars of intense gunfire. Power needed counter-insurgency equipment in Natura.Uy, we cannot approve o! the events outages were frequent. An amputee with this country. The administration !or the last taking place in Iran. Since the outset o! crutches was a commonplace sight. month has backed the proposed sale of re­ human history, it is unheard of ta.king hos­ connaissance planes and helicopter gunships, tages of embassy personnel, whichever em­ Our very first meeting with Nicara­ stressing the king's status as a. longtime U.S. bassy it may be, on the pretext of consider­ guans only served to define the serious­ ally and the expectation that, with hls hand ing them a.s spies.e ness of the situation more sharply. Junta November 29, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34177 member Alfonso Robelo, in answer to a NICHOLAS LAMBIB "As a result of his contributions as a pa­ question of mine concerning the prob­ tient in early studies of new therapy for lems and priorities of the Government of Cooley's anemia, Mr. Lambis is now a widely National ReCDnstruction, cited a com­ HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE known person in medical circles," said Dr. OF MASSACHUSE7I'TS Anderson. bined 55 percent rate of unemployment Mr. Lambis was 1born in Washington. He and underemployment, shortages and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES was diagnosed as having Cooley's anemia maldistribution of food, and shortages of Thursday, November 29, 1979 when he was less than a year old. After un­ medicine as the principal problems. The dergoing treatment at Children's Hospital he creation of jobs, the planting of crops, • Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, last week, became a patient of Dr. Anderson, and in and the management of a uniform health when most of us were enjoying our chil­ recent years, of Dr. Arthur Nienhuis at NIH. care delivery system were the top prior­ dren and grandchildren, I was again re­ Despite his illness, Mr. Lambis graduated ities of the government. I myself found minded of the youngsters in this coun­ from Calvin Coolidge High School in 1971 it significant that the exigencies of na­ try who are not as fortunate as some of and attended Montgomery College. our own-those children who suffer from Survivors include his mother, Eugenia, tional reconstruction dominated so many and a sister, Judy, both of Washington; four of our conversations with Nicaraguans, Cooley's anemia. These children were other sisters, Jenny Fytras of Brooklyn, N.Y., whether in offices of government or out­ called to mind by the death of a 27-year­ and Phyllis Axarlis, Judy and Barbara, all of side. The social and economic underpin­ old man, Nicholas Lambis, at the Na­ Silver Spring, and two brothers, Constanti­ nings of the nation are undergoing ex­ tional Institutes of Health last Tuesday, nos, of Falls Church, and James of Silver treme strains, and relief from those November 20. Spring. strains is very much the order of the day. For the past 14 years, Mr. Lambis made The family suggests that expressions of a substantial contribution to the efforts sympathy be in the form of contributions to In the past the United States has re­ NIH Patients Emergency Fund.e sponded to Nicaragua's troubles with to combat the disease that eventually dispatch and generosity. We provided took his life. For those of my colleagues Nicaragua with some 11,400 tons of emer­ unfamiliar with Cooley's anemia, or Beta-thalassemia major, it is a crippling gency food in the 4 months after the CHRYSLER UNION FALLS SHORT earthquake. Assistance directly related blood disease that strikes children of to reconstruction totaled $65.3 million in Mediterranean heritage. Some of us in loans and nearly $4 million in grants Congress have worked for many years to HON. DOUGLAS K. BEREUTER through 1977. Our response to the depre­ secure funding for research of Cooley's OF NEBRASKA dations of civil war in Nicaragua has anemia, but Nicholas Lambis' own blood IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES be.en equally speedy and ample. As of was an important part of the research November 12, we had sent some 36,300 that has been carried on at Nm for the Thursday, November 29, 1979 tons of emergency food valued at $13.3 past several years. e Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Speaker, I would million and had provided loans and I submit for the RECORD Mr. Lambis' like to bring to the attention of my col­ grants of $13.9 million to government obituary from the Washington Post, leagues a recent editorial from the and private organizations. Another $29.4 which details his contributions to Omaha World-Herald on the economic million makes up the current loan pipe­ Cooley's anemia research, and call on my dilemma of the Chrysler Corp. The edi­ line. President Carter's supplemental re­ colleagues for continuing support of torial focuses on the opinions of Mr. quest of $75 million for Nicaragua, which funding for research and treatment of Alfred Kahn, adviser to the President I have already described in brief, would this dread disease: on inflation, regarding the proposed con­ round out the package and begin to NICHOLAS LAMBIS, PATIENT IN NIH ANEMIA tract concession offered to Chrysler by make a difference in the ongoing effort to RESEARCH the United Auto Workers. It discusses reconstruct a stricken nation. (By Richard Pearson) the role the U.A.W. may have in finding The Nicaraguan people know of our Nicholas Lambis, 27, a part-time personnel a workable solution to the Chrysler assistance and are grateful for it. The clerk at the National Institutes of Health for problem. day we arrived in Nicaragua, November the rpast six years, died at NIH Tuesday of Whether Congress should grant the 16, the independent newspaper La Beta-thalassemia major, or Cooley's anemia. Chrysler Corp. a loan guarantee is an Presna carried a story entitled "U.S. As a patient at NIH for the last 14 years, issue, I believe, that must be given pains­ Has Helped More Than During The Mr. Lambis "made a substantial contribu­ tion" to efforts aimed at controlling the taking consideration. Our decision will Earthquake"

FAA'S PALMDALE, CALIF., FACILITY A WOMAN IN THE U.S. SUPREME TO BE COMMENDED AND CON­ COURT GRATULATED THE SOVIETS GO DEEPER INTO AFGHANISTAN HON. WILLIAM M. THOMAS HON. JAMES L. OBERSTAR OF CALIFORNIA HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL OF MINNESOTA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF ILLINOIS Thursday, November 29, 1979 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, November 29, 1979 • Mr. THOMAS. Mr. Speaker, allow me Thursday,.November 29, 1979 • Mr. OBERSTAR. Mr. Speaker, earlier to take this opportunity to ask my col­ this month, I rose on the floor to urge my leagues to join me in commending and • Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, a short colleagues to join me in a letter to the congratulating the Federal Aviation Ad­ while ago I placed in the RECORD various President urging the appointment of a news articles dealing with the Soviet Un­ woman to the Supreme Court. ministration's Palmdale, Calif., facility ion's growing dominance in Afghanistan. for its outstanding accomplishments in Some say that the Soviet troops in that I have been pleased by the response. I the area of energy conservation. It is not am delighted to report that 46 House often that one hears of a Federal Gov­ country are going to lead the Soviet Un­ Members have joined me in that letter. ernment agency actively involved in try­ ion into its own "Vietnam" in which more and more troops get sucked into a The appointment of a woman to the ing to cut its operating costs, but in this Court will strike a major blow for equal­ case I can compliment the FAA's Palm­ war they cannot win against local insur­ gents. Others say that, gradually, the ity under the law. With a determined dale facility for saving both energy and effort to secure that appointment, we money. Soviet Union is moving to all but annex Afghanistan so that Soviet influence can will achieve our goal. The Southern California Gas Co., the penetrate closer and closer to the Per­ I would like to include in the RECORD Nation's largest natural gas utility, has sian Gulf area. the text of our letter and the nam.es of presented its Commercial Concern Now it is reported the Soviets have those who signed with me. Award for good energy management to sent troops into action in Afghanistan. DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: You have shown your the FAA Palmdale facility. To qualify But with considerable shrewdness, the commitment to increasing the number of for the a ward, the Palmdale facility re­ Soviet leaders have sent only Tajik and women appointed to Federal office, including duced its consumption of natural gas in the Federal Judiciary. You have surpassed Uzbek troops to fight. This means that the record of your predecessors in the ap­ 1978 by 35.4 percent, a savings of nearly for the most part the troops will be 5 million cubic feet of gas-enough gas pointment of women. roughly of the same ethnic and religious A vacancy on the Supreme Court would of­ to serve over 645 average southern Cali­ background as the Afghanistans. fer you a tremendous opportunity to strike fornia homes for a month. The reduction Perhaps Afghanistan will be a Soviet a dramatic blow for equality under the law. amounts to a savings of more than $12,- version of Vietnam. But I think we The appointment of a woman to the Court 300 on the facility's annual gas bill. should not hope this will be the case. It would enhance the Court and end the im- 34188 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 29, 1979 plied and regrettable discrimination against is well and that we can go ahead and PRESIDENT CARTER PROCLAIMS women in Federal judicial appointments. drop our guard against any spot short­ DECEMBER 1979 "NATIONAL CHII..D Appointments t o the Supreme Court have ages or widespread emergencies. That is ABUSE PREVENTION MONTH" never been made without reference to cur­ rent political and social reality. The Court precisely what we did immediately after does not operate in a vacuum; appointments the last oil crisis in 1973. HON. MARIO BIAGGI are not made in a vacuum. The appointments Considering the sensitive leverage that of Louis Brandeis and Thurgood Marshall foreign countries, such as Iran could and OF NEW YORK are tremendous milestones in the history of do use against us during times of con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Court. In making those appointments, flict, and considering the wildly fluctuat­ Thursday, November 29, 1979 Presidents Wilson and Johnson did not have ing market, we must adopt an attitude to compromise standards because there were e Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, I wish to few Jewish or black judges of prominence at that we are not secure until such time when we have successfully ridden our­ bring to the attention of my colleagues a the time. The same would be true of the proclamation signed by President Carter appointment of a woman today. There are selves of the foreign oil yoke. To be able many qualified women Federal and State to do this is the greatest single challenge -last week which proclaimed December judges, practicing attorneys and law pro­ of the century to our Nation. rt is a task 1979 "National Child Abuse Prevention fessors whose record of achievement would that will require the cooperation of every Month." This proclamation has its ori­ sustain the judicial caliber of the Court. American citizen and most certainly the gins in a resolution which I introduced We in the House will not vote on any ap­ united efforts of our industrial sector. on October 23, 1979, with the full and en­ pointment you make; we can, however, offer While there are many American citizens thusiastic support of Speaker O'Neill. our recommendations for those appoint­ who sense this challenge and are ready This resolution, House Joint Resolution ments. We can also assure you that the ap­ 428, which I introduced reminds us that pointment of a woman to the Court would to rally behind a rational energy policy, be hailed by our constituents as a major step including stringent conservation, unfor­ today, child abuse and neglect remains a for equality in this country. tunately there are far too many busi­ very serious problem in this society. As With best wishes, nesses that still put self-interest above the sponsor of one of the original child Sincerely, this crucial national concern. I have abuse prevention bills when I first came James L. Oberstar, M.C., Elizabeth Holtz­ noted in prior statements in the RECORD, to Congress, I have maintained my com­ man, M.C., Patricia Schroeder, M.C., the degree with which oil companies are mitment to working to alleviate this Marilyn Bouquard, M.C ., Millicent problem. Fenwick, M.C., Anthony c. Beilenson, opposed to the windfall profit tax, price M.C., Ted Weiss, M.C., Martin Olav controls, and any other form of legisla­ Today, more than 1 million children a Sabo, M.C., George Miller. M.C., tion that might interfere or regulate year are victims of child abuse and ne­ John B. Anderson, M.C., Bob Carr. their domination and profits. glect. The Child Abuse Prevention and M.C., Don Edwards, M.C., James M. Now that we have stockpiled enough Treatment Act of 1975 has yet to fulfill Jeffords, M.C.. Dan Glickman, M.C., its intent as the cornerstone of a Fed­ William H. Gray, III, M.C .. Edward J. home heating fuel supplies to hopefully last us through this winter, and now that eral policy to combat this menacing Markey, M.C., Richard Nolan, M.C., problem. In this last month of the Inter­ Robert A. Roe, M.C., Bennett M. Stew­ the independent dealers have been given art, M.C., Bruce F. Vento, M.C., Jim relatively fair contracts and shipments, national Year of the Child, it is most Weaver, M.C., Berkley Bedell, M.C., we must not stop our vigil against po­ appropriate that we realize that we must Charles F . Dougherty, M.C., Frederick tential problems. I say this for various all bear the responsibility to insure that W. Richmond, M.C. reasons: First, the refining capacity in the Nation's most precious natural re­ Barbara A. Mikulski, M.C., Mary Rose source, our children, have the opportu­ Oakar, M.C., Marjorie S. Holt, M.C., this country has not been improved to the extent that it should be in order to nity to grow up in loving and healthy Margaret M. Heckler, M.C., Lindy surroundings. Boggs, M.C., Frank J . Guarini, M.C., accommodate the needs and distribution Vic Fazio, M.C., Alvin Baldus, M.C., patterns of our industry and public sec­ I wish to insert for the RECORD a copy Melvin H. Evans, M.C. , George E. tor. Not a single new refinery has been of my resolution and proclamation 4704 Brown, Jr., M.C., Thomas A. Daschle constructed in the United States since of the President which designates Na­ M.C., Martin Frost, M.C., Ray Kogov~ 1973. Second, we have not approved any tional Child Abuse Prevention Month. sek, M.C .. John J. La.Falce, M.C., Rob­ H.J. RES. 428 ert Garcia~ M.C., Romano L. Mazzoli, legislation that will impose price controls M.C., Nick Joe Rahall II, M.C., on a product that could shoot up with Whereas each year in the United States James H. Scheuer, M.C., Morris K. the first sign of a shortage. Third, we one million children are victims of child Udall, M.C., Harold L. Volkmer. M.C .• have not negotiated any additional for­ abuse and neglect, including three thousand Howard Wolpe, M.C., Jonathan B. who die; and eign oil supplies with countries that are Whereas the Child Abuse Prevention and Bingham, M.C .• Paul N. Mccloskey, on friendlier terms with the United Jr., M.C.e Treatment Act .of 1975 has yet to fulfill its States. As a result of these considera­ mandate of being the cornerstone of a United tions-which by no means encompass all States policy for child abuse prevention and the problems on the energy issue, but treatment; and do pose a daily threat-we would be fool­ Whereas a dedicated core of organizations HOME HEATING FUEL CRISIS, and individuals (including the National Al­ PARTX* hardy not to anticipate future spot liance for the Prevention of Child Abuse· shortages, price hikes, and oil blackmail. the New York Foundling Hospital and i~ Our present situation should underscore director, Dr. Vincent Fontana; Children's HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN that we are in an oil crisis. Village; and the National Center for the Pre­ OF NEW YORK I urge my colleagues to take advantage vention of Child Abuse and its Director, c. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Henry Kempe, doctor of medicine) are lead­ of this momentary flow of oil supply-at ers in the effort to focus greater attention Thursday, November 29, 1979 a time when we are not as critically on and resources into the movement to com­ • Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, I rise to threatened as we were a few months bat child abuse and neglect; and ago--to reflect on these points in order Whereas the month of December 1979 is once again take up an issue that has a the final month in the observance of the bearing all across the Nation, namely, to try to put the problem into its proper International Year of the Child: Now, there­ the energy crisis. context, and mindful that it demands fore, be it Some believe that since was have lifted constant vigil and forethought. Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep­ the odd-even plan on the purchase of And I urge my colleagues to take ad­ resentatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That December 1979 gasoline, and now that the major oil vantage of this lull before the storm to is designated as "National Child Abuse· Pre­ companies are providing the independent move expeditiously in adopting the crit­ vention Month" and the President is re­ dealers with home heating fuel-that all ical energy measures still lingering before quested to issue a proclamation calling upon Congress: The proposed Energy Mobili­ the people of the United States to observe *Part X is part of a series of reports on zation Board, refinery incentives pro­ such month with ·appropriate ceremonies the home heating fuel crisis with Numbers and activities. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 appearing in the Con- gram, synfuels, and the windfall profit gressional Record on 9-17-79, 9-22, 9-29, tax-All crucial issues that demand im­ A PROCLAMATION 10--11, 10-19, 10-26, 11-9, and 11-16, respec­ mediate attention if we are to come up America's children are our most precious tively. with a comprehensive energy policy.• resource, a.nd in this final month of othe In- November 29, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34189 ;,, ternational Year of the Child I urge all be remembered. The first has to do with the viction that most of this criticism is Americans to consider what they can do to very nature of the thanks that were given baseless, and that the everwhelming ma­ prevent child abuse and neglect. so long ago. The needs of children a.re best met in fam­ Thanks were given not so much for the jority of Federal employees are dedi,.. ilies where provisions can be made for the abundance of a harvest. or for a gentle land cated, hard-working, and intelligent special needs and limitations of all family of milk and honey, but for survival itself. public servants. They make every effort members. Even Joving parents sometimes fail Thanks were not given because all the cele­ to do their share in solving pressing na­ to provide adequart;e supervision, or find brants had much more than they could ever tional problems, advancing the quality themselves in situations where needs are not hope to use. but because-for the first time of Government services to the public, met or emotions are difficult to control. since these Puritan refugees had fted Eu­ and improving the cost-effectiveness of I urge communities and helping organi­ rope-there were sufficient food and supplies governmental programs. zations to work with families to alleviate to sustain and nurture lives. conditions that resuLt in the abuse and ne­ So far as we know, the celebration wasn't I think it is time that the public be glect of children. I especially urge all those held so the settlers could congratulate each made aware of these and other positive who feel unable to cope with problems to other. Thanks weren't given for the diligence aspects of Government service and learn seek out help. of those who had planted the seeds, the culi­ of the many examples of outstanding Our Nation's children are our Nation's fu­ nary skills of those who prepared the meal. performance, unique achievements, and ture. We aH share in the responsibility for for the luck of those in good health, or to efforts beyond the call of duty by Federal making sure they grow up in a healthful en­ the dirt or the sun. personnel. As a Congressman represent­ vironment. I appeal to public agencies, pri­ Thanks were given to God-for reasons vate organizaltions and the business com­ tha.t were obvious at least to those who ing a district in the Capital area in munity to support needed social, educational gathered at the feast table. which thousands of Federal employees and health services in their communities to The second thing to remember has -to do live, I feel a special obligation to make strengthen families during the critical child­ with the feast itself. an effort in this direction. rearing years. For the feast wasn't simply a way of say­ It has occurred to me that one way of Working together, with sensitivity and ing thanks, or an excuse to stuff oneself to doing this would be to offer, periodically, concern, we can reduce the incidence and the earlobes; it was just as much an experi­ an award to a Federal Government em­ lifelong damage of child abuse. ence of sharing. Now, therefore, I, Jimmy Carter, President And that sharing was not merely in the ployee who exemplifies some of the most of the United States of America, do hereby abundance of the land, but in the very life desirable qualities of a public servant or proclaim the month of December, 1979, as experience itself. Perhaps that's why Thanks­ outstanding achievement in service to National Child Abuse Prevention Month. giving has been a time for the gathering of the public. The citation which I am ini­ In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my family and friends-not simply to indulge tiating is to be known as the Excalibur hand this twenty-sixth day of November, in in a meal, but to share in each other and to Award. All Federal civilian and mili­ the year of our Lord nineteen hundred sev­ share with each other our abundance. tary employees are eligible for the enty-nine, and of the Independence of the Turkey Day? Perhaps some other day, but award. Nominations are invited on a United States of America the two hundred not today. Today is a day to give thanks­ and fourth. and to give thanks to God. It is also a day continuing basis from heads and other JIMMY CARTER •• to remember that, even as we have far more officials of Federal departments and than we can ever hope to use, untold mil­ agencies, from other organizations and lions have far less than they need-simply from the general public. From such to survive. nominations, final selections are made TURKEY DAY And it's a day to remember that even as by an independent panel of seven dis­ it's our pleasure to share our blessings with tinguished citizens, some of them from those who have been similarly blessed, it is the private sector and none connected HON. HAROLD T. JOHNSON also our charge to share those blessings with those for whom the simple act of survival with the executive branch of the Gov­ OF CALIFORNIA is a struggle against odds that seem utterly ernment. The current chairman of this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES overwhelming·• committee is Mr. Harry McPherson, at­ Thursday, November 29, 1979 torney and former White House Counsel to President Lyndon B. Johnson. e Mr. JOHNSON of California. Mr. Since May, when the idea for this Speaker, I wish to bring to my colleagues' EXCALIBUR AWARD FOR OUT­ STANDING ACHIEVEMENTS BY award was introduced to Federal agen­ attention the editorial entitled "Turkey cies, I have received some 150 nomina­ Day? For the Birds" which appeared in FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PERSON­ NEL tions. My staff has carefully reviewed the Thursday, November 22, Record each proPQSal, secured additional infor­ Searchlight, Redding, Calif. The obser­ mation where needed, and consulted with vations and comments which appear in HON. MICHAEL D. BARNES knowledgeable individuals, inside and this editorial are ones we all should give OF MARYLAND outside the Government, to obtain sup­ serious consideration: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES plementary independent evaluations. TURKEY DAY? Fon THE Bmos From these submissions, the above­ Thursday, November 29, 1979 The sign in the gas station proclaimed mentioned selection committee has now the hours that fuel was available. • Mr. BARNES. Mr. Speaker, as a life­ chosen, as the recipient of the first Ex­ Added in crayon below was the following: long resident of the Capital area where calibur Award, Mr. Frank J. Nola, a 49- "Closed Thursday-Turkey Day!!" the Federal Establishment is headquar­ Tuesday's mail brought a letter from a year-old aerospace engineer at NASA's representative of a news syndicate,· who tered, and where the largest concentra­ George C. Marshall Space Flight Center closed with this wish: "Hope you have a tion of Federal Government civilian and in Huntsville, Ala. Following gradua­ happy Turkey Day!!" On Wednesday, a military employees live and work, I have tion from the University of Miami, em­ caller wished us, "Happy Turkey Day." always been sensitive to the mood of the ployment in high technology industry Turkey Day: It ranks right up there with country with respect to the Government and the U.S. Army Ballistic Missile National Pickle Week. If it really is Turkey service and personnel. Thus, I have ob­ Agency

surance and the possibility tha~ a con­ withui this 6-month period, I will join urge the Interior Committee, the Inter­ gressional moratorium could be con­ with Congressman MARKEY in leading state and Foreign Commerce Committee, strued as an antinuclear message, I did the opposition to its approval. and the entire Congress to continue ex­ not feel that it was proper at this point This does not mean that I am un­ amining and reexamining this com­ in time to establish a moratorium. Should concerned over the effects and safety of plex issue in order to determine our na­ there be an attempt to issue a permit nuclear power. I am very concerned.and tional policy.•

SE.NATE-Friday, November 30, 1979

•This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor.