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Vol. 135, No. 1 July 1993 ART C L E S LOAN, SWEET, LOAN

Changes in VA loan rules make it eaderfirr veterans to buy homes. By Lew Sichelman 14

DON'T FORCE US TO PRAY

Religiousfiiith shouldn't be diluted bygovernment-sanctionedprayers, says an advocate Jbrseparation ofchurch and state. 18

RIVERSIDE ATTRACTIONS Legionnaires and theirfiimilies toill kick offthe Legion's DiamondJubilee at the 75th National Convention. 36 m^mi FOUNDING FATHER, FAVORITE SON ThomasJ^erson's philosophies ^ided the creation ofthe ofAmerica. By Lowell Ponte 38

SPRING MEETMI: WALKING THE POINT FOR VETERANS

Whether ifs health care orjobs, the L^ion is therefor veterans. 1950-53

INTRODUCTION

'The Forgotten Wa/' is remembered in this special section. 21

INVASION! Launching a sunfl and deadly shike, communist North Korea invaded the South. By Norman Goldstein 22

' 'The Navy andMarines have never shone more bristly than this morning. 24

THE CHINESE ENTER

Mao's men took their toll on the U.S. soldiers andMarines at tiie Chosin Reservoir 28

ARMISTICE

While negotiators quibbled about details. Allied troops were engaged in some oj 31

KOREA TODAY SouUi Korea prospers while the Nortii su^ under a despotic ruler. 34 DEPART NTS BIG ISSUES Skmld 10 VETVOICE 4 YOUR AMERICAN LEGION 50 VETS 52 COMMANDER'S MESSAGE 8 VETERANS UPDATE 40 PARTING SHOTS 72 WASHINGTON WATCH 12 LEGION NEWS

COVER In the winter of1950, U.S. troops in Koreafim^t both the communists and the bitter cold Thefidlstory

ofthe b^ns on Page 21. Coverpainting, Korean Winter, fry Mort Kunstier.

The American Legion magazine, a leader among national general-interest publications, is publistied

monttily by Ttie American Legion for its 3.1 million members. Ttiese military-service veterans, working through more than 15,000 community-level posts, dedicate themselves to God and country and tradi- tional American values; strong national security; adequate and compassionate care for veterans, their widows and orphans; community service; and the wholesome development of our nation's youths.

JULY 1993 1 FOR GOD AND COUNTRY

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THE AMERICAN LEGION

Vetvoice i

Caring About Health I believe the VA hospital system is at military I've never witnessed a homo- crossroads. The article "VA and the Aging Vet- a All honorably discharged sexual act by anyone. Why don't we eran" by Assistant Editor Ken Scharn- veterans should be able to plan on VA judge people by their behavior and not care in their later years. berg (March) was very enlightening. It by some image we have of them? will help those who do not know how fknry P. Hady William A. Coe the income means test affects admis- Iron Mountain, Mich. Mesa, Ariz. sion to a VA nursing home. Some also question whether the means test would I was an in-country radio operator apply to veterans receiving service- Homosexual Debate during the Korean War for more than connected disability compensation. Homosexuals want equality under 15 months. During a night shift, a re- the Constitution, but equality with Perhaps this information could be in- cruit put a move on me. I shoved him cluded in an upcoming issue. whom? Certainly not with men and away and warned him not to ever try women who beget and raise children. Joseph J. Alioto that again. About a week later, he tried equality should Jefferson Valley, N.Y. Homosexuals' be again. I hit him so hard, he may still be with other sex deviates, prostitutes, in orbit. From that day on, it was hard masochists, sadists, pedophiles, Editors note: This information was and to trust anyone. I am dead set against included in our Handbook of Veterans such. If homosexuals have some right gays serving in the military. They are Benefits (May 1992). based on what they do with their sex extremely bad for morale. organs, then so do prostitutes and the Jose[^ A. Snyder Any national health-care plan will rest. Constitutional equality was creat- Boyertown, Ptu have a profound impact on VA. More ed for honorable purposes, not to justify social sexual deviates. and more veterans now qualify for and In the April Vetvoice ("Gays In The Medicare, and many have private hospi- Ervin J. Hcdvorson Military"), Megan Morrell asks, Sioux Falls, S.D. tal insurance. VA would remain dynam- "Doesn't everyone have the right to

ic if it were allowed to provide for this fight for our country?" My answer is population and be paid for their ser- I'm 80 years old, and I'm sick and no. There are dozens of reasons why vices. tired of all this bull about gays in the people are excluded from the military, including mental or physical handicaps and age. Dan Griffith DO YOU belong to The American Legion? Is WHY Colmar, Pa. What it because it fights for veterans? Is it because of the activities of your local Post? Is it for the commu-

nity service that helps your neighbors? Is it for the Does Legion's strong national voice for God and Country? Memorial Day Meaning The American Legion magazine wants to know. As I celebrated the Memorial Day We are preparing a special issue celebrating the weekend, 1 wondered if we all have 75th anniversary of The American Legion and are taken the time to look at what this holi- The inviting Legionnaires to help tell The American Le- day really means. This is more than a gion story. day off work, a day to picnic and party. We are looking for letters, no more than 100 This is a day when we need to recog- words, that answer the question: "What does The nize the true price of freedom and the American American Legion mean to me?" supreme sacrifice paid by our fellow The American Legion magazine will pay $50 for citizens. each letter published. The letters will appear in the As a U.S. Air Force veteran, I was Legion September 1994 anniversary issue, a once-in-a-life- aware of what this day meant. But not time collectors' edition. Send your articles to: until the loss of my brother, Capt. Fredrick A. Reid, during th6 Operation

75th Anniversary Desert Shield did I realize the magni- Mean The American Legion magazine tude of its meaning. My brother freely RO. 80x1055 committed himself to this cause of Indianapolis, IN 46206 freedom, even at great personal risk to TO himself. His wife was eight months The deadline is Dec. 31, 1993. We regret that we pregnant when he left for Saudi Arabia. cannot acknowledge or return your letters; and please His second son, a son he would never do not send photos, clippings or other memorabilia, live to see, was born while his father You? because they cannot be returned. was deployed there. Fred had several Please turn page

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Vetvoice i

opportunities to return home, but he Delta Force, the U.S. military's elite, Quit perpetuating the cruel hoax,

stayed because it was his duty. counter-terrorist, hostage-rescue team. yes fraud, upon the American people We should not only feel a deep sense with your POW/MIA sham. The of loss for my brother and all our fallen I share many of your conclusions. scoundrels who keep this issue alive heroes, but also a deep sense of pride One of your recommendations is to of- should be given a fair trial and then and respect for their action to preserve fer asylum to foreign citizens who help hung. peace and freedom for this great country recover POWs. In fact, you used as an Jack Nikolay Berkley C. ReidJr. example H.R. 1900, the POW/MIA Abbotsford, Wis. DUlsburg, Pa. Rescue Act that I first intro-

duced last Congress. I want you and

your readers to know that I have rein- Car Wars Keyes To Success troduced this legislation in the 103rd I am responding to the letters about foreign car ownership ("Exit Ramp," Bravo to Alan Keyes ("What's Wrong Congress as H.R. 551 Vetvoice, March). I bought a 1990 Hon- With Good Government," March). If The POW/Vietnam Rescue Act da Accord that was manufactured by all government would operate as effi- would grant asylum in the United American workers in Ohio, and made ciently as Keyes described, we would States to any citizen of Laos, Vietnam, of 75-percent American-made parts. have plenty of money to fund the pro- Cambodia or Burma who personally My car is reliable. grams VA and the Legion fight for. We delivers a living Vietnam POW into the I take my car to an American me- need people like this in Washington. custody of the U.S. government. It is chanic and buy American gas. I make James. L. Hilgart my hope that we can get this legislation sure all my clothing is made in Ameri- Grafton, Wis. passed into law this year. Ask your congressmen to cosponsor H.R. 551 ca. I spend my vacation dollars right I^p. Fred Upton here in America. 6th District, Mich. What I am afraid of is one day some- POW/MIAs one who blames the current economic crisis on "your damn foreign car" will The American Legion magazine did I agree with Gen. John W. Vessey Jr. a superb job on the POW/MIA piece in his quote "...stop treating the hurl a brick through my window from an overpass and deprive this veteran of ("POW/MIAs: The Next War," by POW/MIA issue like military intelli- her life. Managing Editor Miles Epstein, gence, because it's not. What we're try- Bobalki March). Sound ideas, diverse view- ing to do is solve something that's akin Miljbrd, Conn. points, excellent analysis and solid, to a 20-year-old unsolved crime." But practical recommendations. the crime was committed by the politi- Loyal Legionnaires have alerted us Rod Paschall cians who didn't properly resolve this to a Vetvoice comment from J.W. Carlisle, PA issue. I have never trusted a politician Morehouse ("Consumer Revenge," and never will. March). We welcome the opportunity Editor's Note: Retired Army Col. Thomas E. Klein to clear up an apparent misconception. Paschall is a former commander of Pasadena, Md. Ford Motor Company and its domes- tic competitors have been waging an YOUR OPINIONS intense campaign for customer-satisfac- WE WANT tion leadership for several years. Toll- free telephone numbers for customer The American Legion magazine letter to the editor by calling: service arrived early in the campaign welcomes letters to the editor con- along with centralized customer-assis- (314) 474-7474 cerning articles that appear in the tance centers, customer- driven mission publication. Please leave your name, home- statements, customer-satisfaction stan- Mail letters to: town and daytime phone number. dards, follow-up surveys, advanced di- Callers' opinions receive a sym- agnostic equipment, dealer service The American Legion magazine bol when published. training, and relentless efforts on prod- P.O. 80x1055 Here's how you responded to uct quality Indianapolis, IN 46206 questions raised in recent issues: Today at Ford, there is no higher pri- Short letters are more likely to be • Should Congress ease the prod- ority than customer satisfaction. Cus- published. All letters may be edited uct liability law? tomers are the focus of everything we for clarity and brevity Volume pre- Yes 60% No 40% do and continuous improvement on all • cludes individual acknowledgment Should continue to fronts is essential to our success. Near- of comments on editorial content. receive U.S. aid? ly 200 customer service representatives Or, you can leave an electronic Yes 51% No 49% are available at the Ford Customer As- Pkase turn to page 66

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ENERGIZING AMERICA ON THE FOURTH OF JULY

AMERICA'S no one has reason to doubt the concept of lib- strength of the U.S. Armed Forces. erty began its Enemy #2: An Undefined For- journey to the eign Policy. U.S. troops are being world's market- deployed as peacekeepers without place of ideas the protection of the Geneva Con- on July 4, 1776, ventions. In Somalia, there was no the day the De- plan to protect a U.S. POW or MIA. claration of In- The United States needs to be sure dependence was that POW status is given to troops adopted by the Continental Con- who are taken prisoner during gress. peacekeeping and humanitarian op- Today, more than 200 years later, erations such as Somalia or possibly America's arsenal of democracy has Bosnia. If we aren't willing to pro- delivered a Cold War victory over tect our troops with the Geneva the former and com- Conventions, we shouldn't deploy munism. But today, our national se- them. curity is as threatened by the ene- In a recent poll conducted by The mies within as by foreign countries American Legion, 70 percent of with evil ambitions. Veterans and those who responded believe that the their sacrifices, it seems, are being United States doesn't do enough to betrayed by a misguided political protect POW/MIAs—during war or agenda. peacekeeping. More national attention needs to Enemy #3: A Shrinking Indus- be focused on the following four en- trial Base. Yon have to question the emies of national security: FREEDOM— T/iroug/j sacrifice, America's wisdom of closing more than 30 veterans safeguard the principles of the Enemy #1: A Hollow Army. At U.S. military bases. The world is Statue of Liberty. the same time Americans are talk- unsafe and the economy is not ing about U.S. military involvement strong enough to absorb the more in Somalia and Bosnia, the nation's Is a world without the former Soviet than I million defense workers who armed forces are being sharply re- Union so much safer that our military will lose their jobs. According to The duced. More than 100,000 GIs who can afford these reductions in force? Economist magazine, California alone fought in the Gulf War are being forced Says the International Military Re- is losing 70,000 jobs, 17 bases and $4 out of the service. Some 500,000 U.S. view: "At the end of 1991, 20 armed billion in revenue. troops will be cut by 1995. conflicts were in progress around the We must also be concerned that In Europe, the probable staging world. At the end of 1992, 25 wars many spare parts for our weapons are ground for possible Bosnia operations, were raging. And between 1945 and now being manufactured overseas. the U.S. Army—which once had two 1991 , a total of 191 armed conflicts oc- Could we handle wartime weapon pro- corps and six divisions — is being curred." duction today? forced to make-do with only one corps Bosnia, Somalia, North Korea, Worse, with thousands of veterans of two divisions, an armed cavalry regi- and aren't going to disappear from facing unemployment and America's in- ment and a very sparse support base," the U.S. military's plans just because dustrial base eroding, it is unthinkable according to a recent report of the As- the Cold War is over. We must not be that the front-burner national security sociation of the lulled into a hollow force when in reali- issue on Capitol Hill is the military's (AUSA). ty regional conflicts may require over- ban on homosexuals. The Department of Defense (DoD) whelming force to win, quickly and The American Legion stmngly sup- claims the drawdown is so massive, it is with few casualties. ports the ban on homosexuals in the "equivalent to moving the entire city of No nation will start a war unless it military. The wisdom of the Joint

Savannah, Ga.," to another continent. believes it can win it. Let's make sure Please turn to page 67

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Big issues

SHOULD CONGRESS CANCEL THE SPACE STATION PROGRAM?

Sen. Dale Bumpers (D-Arkansas)) Rep. Jim Bacchus (D-Florida)

At a time when the citi- Many of my colleagues zens of the United States will argue that in these dif- of America are being YES NO ficult budget times, we asked to accept the burdens of higher cannot afford to build a space station. I taxes, it is essential that Congress re- believe we cannot afford not to build spond to President CUnton's invitation to one. identify additional spending cuts. One The space station means high-skill, project that I believe stands out for elimi- high-wage jobs. As we grapple with re- nation is the space station. ductions in the defense budget and the This wasteful program will cost $2.3 billion in 1994 alone, slowdown in the airline industry, our civilian space program and the U.S. General Accounting Office has estimated its 30- offers opportunities to use the highly skilled labor force and year cost at a staggering $118 billion. advanced technology of our aerospace industry for produc- The new space station will likely have even less capability tive civilian uses. Nationally, 75,000 people are employed in than the one we debated last fall—a five-times scaled-back space-station-related jobs. version of the original we were told in 1984 could be devel- Aerospace remains one of the few technological sectors in oped for just $8 billion. which we still lead the world. American aerospace enjoyed a Huge dividends in real science and real spinoff benefits positive balance of trade of $30.8 billion in 1991, while the are more likely to come from spending directly on electron- United States suffered a $66.2 billion deficit overall. ics and biomedical research. The space station will be a gravity-free laboratory for re-

It's also telling that one of the most oft-quoted rationales search that will produce advances in medicine, building ma- for the space station has been its ability to produce jobs for terials and other advanced technologies. Space-exploration America. has had untold benefits in our daily lives. Every time some- Unfortunately, the space station doesn't even do that very body operates a computer, makes a long-distance phone call, well. Last year's $2. 1 billion for the space station, for exam- watches television or uses an automatic-teller machine, the ple, created only 22,000 to 25,000 direct jobs, at a cost of benefits of space technology are being felt. Every time $ 100,000 per job. By comparison, highway construction cre- someone undergoes a CAT scan, has arthroscopic surgery, or ates jobs for less than $15,000 each. enters intensive care at a hospital, he or she benefits from In truth, the space station poses a more subtle threat to space-related technology

America's interests than just its astronomical cost: It is fund- The space station will ensure American leadership in ed in the same appropriations bill as veterans' programs. As space and keep alive our dreams of returning permanently the costs of the space station soar, funding that program will to the moon and journeying to Mars. America has always place increasing pressure on all other items in the bill been about exploring frontiers. The space station will allow which includes funding for veterans and housing. Americans to learn to live and work in space so that we can As The American Legion's 1992 National Commander, continue to be pioneers. Dominic DiFrancesco, told me in a letter: Our 13 international partners have already contributed $3 "The American Legion supports a redistribution of do- billion to the space-station program and have committed a mestic discretionary money from such expensive projects as total of $8 billion. At a time when so many factors seem to the space station to more obvious priorities such as VA be pulling nations apart rather than together, we need coop- health-care delivery and VA research." erative ventures such as the space station.

It is never easy to halt a large federal program, and that is Of course, we need to make sure that every dollar we certainly true for the space station. But halt it we must. spend on the space station is spent wisely and effi- We must demonstrate ciently. But we cannot let that we are serious about YOUR OPINIONS COUNT, TOO our budget deficit blind us reducing the federal deficit to the need to make in- Senators and congressmen are interested in constituent view- and that we are also vestments in our future. points. You may express your views by writing Tlie Honorable serious about getting our (name), U.S. Senate, Washington, DC 20510, or The Honorable The space station is one of national priorities back in (name), U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, DC 20515. the best investments we balance. can make.

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Federal Gun Tax Michigan company. Optical Imaging Systems, announced it will build a A tax on guns to finance health-care plant manufacture electronic reform seems inevitable from Con- to display screens used in fighter-plane cockpits, gress, if not the administration. armored vehicles and Terming guns a threat to America's command-and- control centers. The Clinton adminis- health, the proposal is expected to be tration moved quickly to help the firm offered as a "user fee" on handgun pur- national security grounds after con- chases or an increase in annual license on cluding that came to dominate fees for some firearms dealers. Gun- the industry by dumping products to rights advocates counter that it is fun- undercut U.S. competitors. damentally unfair because it will apply to those who don't abuse guns. Engler Angles... Compromise On Gays Senators Bob Dole and Phil Gramm move over; make way for Gov. John En- A compromise on military gays is gler of Michigan. Though jockeying for taking shape between the Joint Chiefs the 1996 Republican nomination is in of Staff (JCS) and leading members of infancy stage, many observers think Congress, such as Sen. Sam Nunn, the Engler is positioning himself for much chairman of the Senate Armed Forces higher office. Engler, who boasts suc- Committee. But the White House's re- cessful efforts to balance the state bud- sponse is still a big unknown. get and cut property taxes, has been The JCS reportedly are willing to re- touting his record conserva- place the traditional Pentagon ban, among tives, appearing at a national conserva- which entails questioning new recruits, tive conference and even on the popular with- the current, temporary policy of Rush Limbaugh radio show. not asking about their sexual orienta- tion. But if GIs then "come out of the closet," the Chiefs want authority to ... While Roberts Rises more than two dozen former mili- separate and discharge them. and On the Democratic side, Oregon's tary gays participated in an event fea- The compromise falls short of what Gov. Barbara Roberts is getting high turing a "color guard" with American President Clinton had proposed to do marks for a state health-care plan re- and gay pride flags. with a July 15 executive order allowing cently approved by the Clinton admin- Meinhold said his return to uniform open homosexuals into the military. But istration, and for resisting a harsh voter- has been a "non-event" for his col- it also falls short of Republican de- approved welfare reform that could de- leagues. But when confronted with a le- mands to return to the policy in effect ny benefits to the poor. In addition, gal deposition showing his command- before Clinton took office. Roberts has made herself a favorite of ing officer had said his presence was Nunn conceived the temporary poli- feminists by championing access to the disruptive, Meinhold said the document cy and thinks it could be made perma- abortion pill, RU-486. was "unfortunate" and full of "half- nent. He believes his highly publicized truths and exaggerations." hearings proved that the Clinton plan is Judicial Gridlock unworkable and detrimental to the mili- The administration wants to put its tary A survey released at the hearings Drug-War Wars imprint on the federal criminal justice said 45 percent of the enlisted ranks While President Clinton has advo- system, however, internal fumblings would leave the Army if the gay ban cated putting 100,000 more police offi- have weakened its hand. It wants to ex- were lifted. cers on the streets, his fiscal 1994 bud- pand the number of federal judges but get cuts prison funds by almost 20 per- will have trouble convincing Congress Military Gays March cent. Insiders say the apparent contra- of the need so long as 120 lower-court Many veterans were offended by the diction will be resolved in proposals to seats remain vacant. Also crimping the conduct of current and former military reform tough, congressionally mandat- administration's plans was its mass fir- gays at the April Washington gay rights ed sentences that have filled federal ing of all 93 U.S. attorneys, holdovers rally, especially at places like Arlington prisons with drug offenders. The new from the last administration. This has National Cemetery Some called these proposals, to come from Attorney Gen- caused a serious leadership gap in fed- protests "desecration." eral Janet Reno, would ease prison over- eral prosecutors' offices. Another controversy was started by crowding by releasing convicts early or Finally, the White House let slip its gay sailor Keith Meinhold, who was re- into alternative programs. own internal deadline for naming a instated in the Navy on order of a fed- successor to Supreme Court Associate eral judge and appeared at the rally in Justice Byron White. But once the the a red, white and blue sweatshirt. He Challenging Japan Clinton administration gets its judicial As predicted by this column, the house in order, it should be able to Washington-based Cliff Kincaid Defense Department has moved to pro- quickly name a replacment for Harry writes for Human Events and other tect the U.S. defense industrial base. Blackmun, another high court justice publications. With $50 million from the Pentagon, a expected to retire soon.

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION Remember,

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SALESMAN WILL CALL. This plan is not available in South Carolina, Vermont and to residents of Minnesota age 80 and over. AMC7 realize the American dream of home ownership." It was the third house for Hatman, but the first time he had used his VA home loan benefits. "I was saving them LOAN, SWEET, LOAN for a time when I didn't have a lot of money," the 44-year-old Navy veteran says. Because he was short on cash, Hat- man was able to convince the owner of the Germantown, Md., townhouse he bought for $98,900 to pay some of the discount points his lender was charg- ing, and some of his settlement costs, too. Had Congress not decided to allow veterans using the government-guaran- teed loan program to pay some or even all the points, the two parties may have been unable to strike a deal, at least one so favorable to the veteran.

THAT'S because under the old rules, the rate on VA mortgages was set by VA to protect borrowers from being overcharged. But since the rate often lagged the market, lenders charged a greater number of discount points to improve their yields and make their GI loans more attractive to in- vestors. To ensure that veterans were not pay- ing a rate in excess of the VA maxi- mum, the government also prohibited HOMEWARD—Thanfcs to an adjustable Last year. borrowers from paying any points (one rate mortgage, new under VA, the Whites point is equal to 1 percent of the loan Congress moved into their California home. amount). mode it Thus, sellers had to pay them, some- since it was established by the Service- thing most were reluctant to do. In fact, eosier for men's Readjustment Act of 1944, Hat- before the new law, homes were often man and White purchased new homes veterons listed for sale with the notation that last winter—homes they otherwise may to homes. "No VA offers will be considered." buy not have been able to afford, or perhaps Now, VA borrowers can negotiate Here's what even buy at all. with lenders for the most favorable rate Among other things, lawmakers in the new rules and terms, just like other home buyers. Washington decided to allow veterans And they can also bargain with sellers mean to you. buying homes under the VA loan pro- about who will pay the points. gram to: Whether Hatman's seller would have • Negotiate directly with lenders on agreed to pay all the points is un- By Lew Sichelman what interest rate they'll pay on their known. The lender charged "only" 2.75 loans. points, and Hatman paid two of them. had veterans • Pay points rather than force sellers But in the past, lenders often charged 4 like Randall Hatman and to pay them. CONGRESS or 5 points and most sellers balked. Robert White in mind • Sign up for adjustable rate mort- "Sellers were unwilling to pay the sev- when it voted late last gages (ARMs). eral thousand dollars to complete the to servicemen • Take advantage of today's lower year put loan deal when, by selling to a a level mortgage rates by cutting refinancing and women on nonveteran, they could reasonably avoid playing field with other fees. Please turn page home buyers by "deregu- Deregulation "represents a major lating" the home-loan turning point in the history of lending guaranty program of the Department to veterans," says Greg Lumsden, exec- Lew Sichelman's weekly housing col- of Veterans Affairs (VA). utive vice president of the Countrywide umn appears in more than 150 newspa- Thanks to the most sweeping Funding Corp., a major VA lender, "and pers. He wrote ''The VA Home Loan: You changes ever enacted in the program will allow more veterans than ever to Can Do h Again, " in our April 1992 issue.

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IF THEY DON'T CUT 5-10 STROKES, YOU OWE US NOTHING! ACT NOW! © bos. Enterprises, mc 1993 paying discount points altogeth- If data indicates that too many er," says Lumsden. veterans have gotten into finan- Hatman says his ability to cial trouble or lost their homes share a portion of the loan because their payments rose charges helped convince his sell- faster than their ability to pay, the er to put up some money, too. He program can be terminated.

believes the old prohibition In reality, however, it's difficult placed veterans in an unfair posi- to conceive that ARMs will not tion. "It's like the seller would become a permanent feature of have had to pay me to buy his the GI loan program. After all. house," he says. "Most people Congress already has given the wouldn't go for that and I don't government's other main housing blame them." initiative —the Federal Housing Points weren't Robert White's Administration (FHA) mortgage problem. For the former soldier, it insurance program—permanent was being able to qualify for a authority to insure ARMs. The loan on the $127,000 house he ARMs that VA can back are vir- and his wife. Dawn, fell in love tually identical to those approved with in Suisun, Calif. The young for FHA financing. couple simply didn't have a large FHA ARMs are the most pop- enough income to support a stan- ular adjustables on the market to- dard 30-year, fixed-rate mort- day. Most conventional ARMs gage for that amount. tend to limit annual interest rate To solve their dilemma, the increases to 2 percentage points Whites decided to apply for a and increases over the life of the graduated payment mortgage. GOOD POINTS—/Veiv VA rules let Randall Hat- loan to no more than 6 points. man negotiate "points" for his Maryland home. Although the loan called for auto- FHA ARMs, however, cap annu- matic annual increases in month- al and life-of-the-loan interest

ly payments each of the first five rate adjustments to just 1 and 5 years, the initial rate of 7 percent was Veterans now percentage points, respectively. low enough for them to qualify for the But, adjustables can be dangerous if loan. But to offset the danger inherent have more the borrower's income is not growing in such a loan, VA wanted the couple to fast enough to withstand a rapid, unex- flexibilify put down $20,000 of their own money. to pected run-up in mortgage rates. Be- The Whites were going through the wheel and deal cause of this, VA requires that ARMs loan approval process when Congress be underwritten as if the starting rate

voted to allow VA to guarantee an ad- to buy their is 1 percentage point higher than it ac- justable rate mortgage (ARM). When dream houses. tually is. President Bush signed the bill into law And if the loan involves a "buy- last October, they switched as fast they down," in which the seller (usually a could. The one-year ARM came with builder) pays the lender an upfront fee an even lower 6 percent starting rate. in exchange for a temporarily lower in-

What's more, the loan's annual increas- like us usually stay in their homes only terest rate, it will be underwritten at es are based on market conditions and three or four years. Who knows? We one point above the actual intitial rate. are not necessarily automatic. In fact, if may stay here forever, but if we do In other words, if the starting rate is 6

market rates don't go up, they won't move, at least I'll have some equity to percent and the builder buys the rate have to pay any more. put into a bigger, better place." down to 5 percent for the first year, the Better yet, as far as White is con- lender must still qualify the veteran cerned, the ARM allowed him to start HE addition of ARMs to the VAs borrower as if the loan was being made building equity with his very first pay- mortgage menu is especially fortui- at 7 percent. ment. That wouldn't have happened tous for veterans because many "Qualifying the veteran at the higher with the graduated payment mortgage lenders are currently offering adjusta- rate provides an additional degree of because the initial payments weren't bles at bargain-basement rates. At press precaution," an FHA spokesman ex- even enough to cover the interest time, the average for a 30-year, fixed- plains. "At least two years must pass in charges. In fact, since the unpaid inter- rate loan was 7.48 percent nationally, the life of the loan before possible in- est would have been added to the loan according to HSH Associates, a Butler, creases in the loan payment can be- balance, the couple would have owed N.J., mortgage information service. But come a concern." more than they originally borrowed. the average starting rate for an ARM is The change to a negotiated rate is al- And it would have been several years a mere 4.59 percent. Moreover, HSH so a three-year pilot program. But, the before they drew even. says many lenders are offering ARMs FHA made the shift several years ago "I want to build equity as soon as that start at 4.25 percent or less. without missing a beat and the VAs possible," says the 25-year-old con- Nevertheless, ARMs are being guar- switch is expected to proceed without a struction worker. "First-time buyers anteed only on a three-year trial basis. Please turn to page 65

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION .

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©1993 BGE MYB-403 j | NTERVIEW BARRY LYNIi DON'T FORCE US TO mtRX

Religious faith Is too Important to be diluted by government-sanotioned prayers, argues minister Barry Lynn, executive direotor of Americans United for Separation of Cliurcti and State.

HEN the commentary by is critical to both the nation and to religious Michael Novak, "Prayer in freedom. m m School: An Intolerant I ill Supreme Court," ap- American Legion magazine: why is peared in the December separation of church and state important, I I fli I 1992 issue, we received a since that phrase is not in the Constitu- I K number of letters tion? m mm ^^'"S^ H disagreeing with its position. Barry Lynn: I think most of the framers Novak argued that the court had gone too of our Constitution understood the divisive- far in banning all prayers—even nonsectari- ness that can be caused whenever a govern- an ones—from school functions. But many ment gave aid and support directly or indi- readers thought it was Novak who went too rectly to one or more specific groups. They far in arguing for a return to prayer in the wanted to avoid the possibility of this nation school. in any way passing laws to benefit any or all Although Legion resolutions call for an religious groups. amendment to the U.S. Constitution to per- mit voluntary prayer in public schools (see Q. Then why did the same Congress that box, Page 64), not all our readers agree with the organiza- voted for the First Amendment also approve a National tion's position. Day of Prayer and Thanksgiving and even appropriate Some even quoted from the Bible, citing Matthew 6:6, money for the Christian education of the Indians? "But thou, when thou prayest, enter into thy closet, and when H There were imperfections in their understanding of reli- thou hast shut thy door, pray to thy Father which is in secret; A. gious liberty James Madison, who helped to write the and thy Father which seeth in secret shall reward thee religion clauses of the First Amendment, supported national openly" days of Thanksgiving when he was a member of Congress. To present the other side, The American Legion maga- But, as President, he indicated he had come to realize that zine went to Barry W. Lynn, executive director of Americans the First Amendment prohibited such official sanctions of re- United for Separation of Church and State. Lynn's organiza- ligious activities. And he began, as President, not to issue tion advocates the free exercise of religion without govern- Thanksgiving proclamations. ment interference. An ordained minister in the United Church of Christ, Q. But that Congress interpreted the First Amendment Lynn received his theology degree from University in differently than you do. They believed they were forbidden 1973 and a law degree from Georgetown University in 1978. from setting up a state religion and interfering in religious He was legislative counsel in the Washington national office practices, not that government was forbidden in a general of the American Civil Liberties Union from 1984 until 1991. way from supporting religion. In this interview with The American Legion magazine, H I don't think so. The framers had an option to put in- Lynn explains why he believes separation of church and state A. to the First Amendment language that simply pro-

18 THE AMERICAN LEGION " t

HIGHLIGHTS

Nonsectarian prayer: It reduces one of the most signifloont religious activities to a committee of writers who will seek to offend OS few people as possible."

The Framers: Ifs a misnomer to believe that the framers of the Constitution would be comfortable In the world of Pat Robertson and Jerry Falwell today.

School prayer: 7 don' think kids in public schools have any problems right now praying silently or even vocally."

"In God We Trust": "Those of us who are serious about religious practice are not happy by the presence of a reference to the deity in the same pocket as our used Kleenex."

"Under God": "We would be better sen/ed if the Pledge of Allegiance was without specific religious reference."

hibited the establishment of an official church. That was pro- tainly were not particularly interested in having the Constitu- posed and rejected so that the First Amendment says that tion reflect any religious viewpoint.

Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of I think it's a misnomer to believe that the framers of the religion. That means no direct or indirect assistance to reli- Constitution would be comfortable in the world of Pat gious groups. They were trying to achieve a decent distance Robertson and Jerry Falwell today They didn't even pray be- between religious institutions and the federal government. fore those sessions of the constitutional convention.

Q. A "decent distance" between church and state is far Q. You dont dei^ that this is a Judeo -Christian nation? different than a "wall of separation." You can't deny the It depends what we mean. I think there is no basis to jl fact ttiat most of the framers were religious people, indeed A. conclude that the framers intended the religion of Christians, and that both the Declaration of Independence Christianity to have an official stamp or sanction. In terms and the Constitution itself include references to God. of numbers, we have now become an extraordinarily diverse A They were spiritual people. Th^^ were people who be- nation—one that, only by a slight majority, has a practicing - lieved in some divine power in their lives. But they cer- Christian majority today.

JULY 1993 19 "

H In an ideal world, I believe the chaplains in A. the military, the prison systems and other in- stitutions ought to be paid for privately But there should be increased access by persons in the iv military and other institutions to the clergy of their choice. ^ The chaplains on Capitol Hill certainly \ Americans Ltuted should be privately funded. I don't think it's ap- forSepamtion ofChurch and^kate propriate for Congress to begin its sessions with these religious activities. The irony of it is that, if you actually go to the floor of the House or Senate at the beginning of any day, there's virtu- ally no one there to pay any attention to those religious words.

Q> The Supreme Court prohibited a nonsec- -WEIUVEIECIIIIE. tarian prayer at a public school graduation diverse nation — one with ceremony. Do you think listening to such a prayer hurts anybody? only a slight majority who I Alt certainly did hurt the individuals in this arepracticing Christians. - case. There was a Jewish family that objected to the Christian prayer at graduation.

Q. It was a nonsectarian prayer by a Rabbi. Q. Did you object to the Rev. Billy Graham delivering a There were guidelines for what should be said in this so- Jl prayer at President Clinton^ inauguration? A> called nonsectarian prayer. I think most of us who have I think if Graham hadn't been there, Clinton would cer- religious traditions have difficulty with the very concept of a jl A. tainly still have been able to appropriately exercise his nonsectarian prayer. We pray to a specific God for specific religious rights and receive spiritual nourishment without of- blessings that we seek. fending those who did not believe in Graham's theology This idea of a nonsectarian prayer is to reduce one of the most significant religious activities in our lives to some kind Q. Would you rather have had President Clinton not take of committee of writers who will seek to offend as few peo- the presidential oath with a hand on the Bible, or to con- ple as possible. And that was very offensive to many religious clude it with the words, "So help me God"? people—Jewish, Christian and others. H I don't think these are major issues. It's not unconstitu- A- tional for him to use a Bible or to say those words. In Q. You're opposed to the reading of a prayer under those

the pluralistic society we have today, it would be more appro- circumstances no matter how innocuous it may be? priate if he did what his predecessors prior to Franklin Roo- H I'm not terribly interested in innocuous prayers. As a sevelt did—which was to not use the Bible in that political A. minister, I would never utter an innocuous prayer. When phase of the inaugural event. I'm speaking as a member of the clergy, I use prayers that mean something. Q. Did you object when Clinton quoted from the Bible in his speech to the Democratic National Convention? Q. You're also troubled by silent prayer or a moment of si- I would rather that political figures discuss public policy lence in public schools. Jl A. without constantly attempting to invoke the deity in There are plenty of ways you can achieve a moment of Jl support of their policy whether that is on the left, the right or A. silence, including telling kids to be quiet. What some the center of American politics. school districts want is a moment set aside for one kind of silent religious activity.

Q. Don't you run the risk of being accused of an anti- I don't think kids in public schools have any problems right Catholic bias when you call on President Clinton to cut off now praying silently or even vocally at any time during the diplomatic relations with the Vatican? school day. There has been no effort made to remove the in- No. This is an issue that has strong support across the dividual's right to pray from public schools. The only things Jl A. political spectrum in this country. It is wrong for a the Supreme Court rightly has prohibited are government- U.S. ambassador to be sent to any religious organization. written or government-sponsored prayer times in public schools. Q. So you logically oppose a U.S. ambassador to the State of , which is a religious state. Q. lb be consistent, you must also oppose public school

But it's more than a religious state. We don't send an students being led in the Pledge of Allegiance, which in- Jl A. ambassador to the head of the Baptist, Presbyterian or cludes the phrase "Under God"? Methodist churches. We haven't focused much attention on the addition of Jl A. "Under God" to the pledge. It has turned what was an Q. What about the use of chaplains by our military and important pro-American statement into a pro-American re- on Capitol Hill? Please turn to page 64

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION T HAS been called "a police action" and "The Forgotten War" — I

insults to the millions of Americans who served, fought, died or were

wounded in it. But what happened from June 25, 1950, to July 27,

1953, can only be described as the bloody Korean War: Almost as

1 many GIs were killed in its three years as were killed during the 14

years of fighting in Vietnam. And more than 8,000 American POW/MIAs are still

unaccounted for. On this, the 40th anniversary of its fragile armistice, we dedicate

these articles to Korean War veterans. Their courage, resolve and sacrifices will

always be remembered. — The Editors.

JULY1! 21 J t^ i-^'-- ,v^-l.„-B:^ ^.CSKlg^JX^-- y-^SL-M:.'!:.*.- J^ '--

INSTANT INFANTRY—RO/C troops quickly get in stiape to fight the invaders. SUPERPOWERS COLLIDE— (/.S. planes wc

assault troops—89,000 men—as Yaks and Stomormoviks soared overhead and amphibious landings were made on the east coast. Gen. Douglas MacArthur was later to say that North Korea had "struck like a cobra." The U.S. ambassador in Seoul, John Muccio, messaged the State Depart- ment the first word of the attack, not- ing, "It would appear from the nature of the attack and the manner in which Goldstein it was launched that it constitutes an With a quick, By Norman all-out offensive against [the] ROK [Republic of South Korea]."

T WAS a Sunday, Across the international date line, it stril^e, deadly yet another infa- was Saturday in the United States when mous Sunday President Harry Truman got the word communist North Early that morn- from Secretary of State Dean Acheson: ing of June 25, "Mr. President, I have very serious 1950, in a heavy news. The North Koreans have invaded tried rain. North Korean South Korea." Korea troops backed by Korea? Writer William Manchester artillery tanks and once described it as "a lumpy phallus to reunite the swarmed across the border into South between the sprawling thighs of Korea. and the Sea of Japan." The A thousand 122mm howitzers had Asian peninsula that was now the focus country on sent the first deadly messages of trou- of world attention was scarcely known ble across the 38th parallel at 4 a.m. to Americans—a situation much akin The barrage was followed by Soviet- to another war over another Southeast made T-34 tanks leading the charge of June 25, 1950. Asian peninsula in later years. Korea, once known as the Hermit Norman Goldstein is a New York- Kingdom, had historically been an in- based writer who has written on mili- vasion route for either or Japan. KOREA tary subjects. All the articles in this spe- It had been annexed by Japan in 1910 1950-53 cial section on the Korean War were and was its colony until the end of written by him. World War II. With the defeat of Japan,

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION —

>i/s bout with Soviet-made Nortti Korean tanlcs. AID STATION—L/.S. forces paid a tieavy price to repel the North Korean invasion.

tablished Syngman Rhee—who had studied at Harvard and Princeton—as GENERAL DeAIV U.S. -supported president. Each side claimed to represent all of Korea; each side seemed dedicated to destroying the other. There had been numerous skirmish- es between the divided nations before the June 1950 attack. Only this one was no skirmish. North Korea launched an all-out assault aimed at the forceful re- unification of Korea under the control of Kim II Sung's regime. U.S. Secretary of State Acheson, who had previously excluded Korea from America's so-called "defense perimeter," quickly asked the United Nations to convene an emergency ses- sion of the Security Council. The world body was now five years old and this OFF TO WAR—Hurried goodbyes to was its first major test as a global famines foilowed President Truman's or- peacekeeping organization. THE summer of 1950, Maj. ders sending U.S. troops to Korea to IN Gen.William Frishe Dean, com- stop the spread of global communism. The council described the North Ko- rean action as a "breech of the peace" mander of the U.S. 24th Divi- and demanded that the northern forces sion in Korea, led a delaying ac- the victorious Allies divided Korea withdraw. Two days later, June 27, the tion against superior communist roughly in half, along an arbitrary line, council approved a U.S. resolution to forces, buying time for the Eighth the 38th parallel. Americans oversaw "render such assistance to the Republic Army to build a bridgehead. the southern half and the Soviets, the of Korea as may be necessary to repel It cost him more than three north. the armed attack." years in a prisoner-of-war camp The United Nations mandated free The U.N. was able to get the resolu- and earned him the Medal of Hon- elections in 1947, but the Soviets kept tion through because the Soviet Union or for "conspicuous gallantry and the world body out and installed as was boycotting the Security Council in intrepidity at the repeated risk of premier, Kim 11 Sung who had graduated a dispute over seating Red China and his life above and beyond the call from a Russian university and served did noi cast a veto. of duty" as a Soviet officer in World War II. Thus, the war against North Korea Please turn to page 60 Elections in South Korea in 1948 es- Please turn to page 60

JULY 1993 23 American Marines stormed ashore

165 miles behind

the North Korean

iines, beginning

the U.N. offensive.

KOREA 1950-53

^ S THE fighting fljjl^ moved down the A^^^ South Korean pen- insula in the late m^^^^ summer of 1950, mMt/^^^ the road and rail ^^^^ supply lines be- came more and more important to the North Korean offensive. As a way to cut those lines, MacArthur considered an amphibious landing at several northwestern beaches such as Kunsan or the beaches near Os- an and Inchon. The latter posed the greatest risks because of a dangerously narrow channel, sometimes impassable mud flats and high tides. The tidal

MASTERMIND—Gen. MacArthur, aboard the USS Mt. McKinley, personally supervised the daring assault on Inchon.

24 THE AMERICAN LEGION "The Navy and

Marines have

never shone more

brightly than this

morning."

—IVIacArthur

range was some 30 feet and currents traveled as fast as knots. But MacArthur preferred

Inchon because it was the quickest way to Seoul, just U.S. Marines stormed 22 miles inland. Also, In- ashore Friday, Sept. 15, chon was only lightly de- 1950 at the big Korean port fended, and with most of Inchon on the Yellow North Korean troops con- Sea—some 165 miles be- lines. It centrated elsewhere, it was hind North Korean not likely that a counterat- was a bold nutcracker oper- tack could be mounted ation, which marked the quickly. beginning of the United MacArthur had to argue Nations offensive. his way with President Tru- The Marines were cov- man and the Joint Chiefs of Staff He stay in that bloody perimeter like beef ered by bombardments from British called the amphibious landing "the cattle in the slaughterhouse? Who will and American that slammed most powerful tool we have" and while take the responsibility for such a heavy shells into concealed North Ko- acknowledging the problems at Inchon, tragedy? Certainly, I will not.. ..Inchon rean positions. In the multinational fleet said the obstacles were not "insupera- will succeed. And it will save 100,000 were 194 American ships, 12 British, ble." With fervor, he added: lives." three Canadian, two Australian, two "Are you content to let our troops They grudgingly agreed to his plan. New Zealand, one French, one Dutch,

JULY 1993 25 — KOREA 1050-53—

and 32 U.S. ships leased to Japan. The was described as "negligible losses." MacArthur personally rest of the 262 ships were South Kore- Because of the tides, another troop supervised the assault, a an. The beachhead had been softened landing wasn't possible until 11 hours gem of military precision, up by a two-day naval and air bom- later, when the other two battalions of from aboard his flagship bardment. the 5th Marines under Maj. Gen. Ed- the USS Mount McKinley. He said, "The The 3rd Battalion, 5th Marines, 1st ward Almond's U.S. X Corps went Navy and Marines have never shone Marine Division, landed on Wolmi-do ashore. They were able to take advan- more brightly than this morning." Island, which was connected to Inchon tage of Inchon's exceptionally high tide At the same time, South Korean proper by a half-mile causeway. At 6:30 and were able to drive 2 miles into In- marines landed on the east coast, at a.m., carrier planes slammed rockets at chon within half an hour. three points between Sanchok and Po- the shore guns, stopping the bombard- Between 30,000 and 40,000 North hang to the south, thus posing a threat ment barely 15 seconds before the Korean defenders had been defeated at to the North Koreans from two direc- Marines hit the beach. a Navy and Marine cost of 536 dead, tions. The U.S. Missouri was The Marines still faced heavy fire, 2,550 wounded and 65 missing. Admi- back in action, blasting away with her but planted the American flag on Wol- ral "Bull" Halsey of WWII fame 16-inch guns from the Sea of Japan.

mi-do's highest hill within 32 minutes called it "the most masterly and auda- The 7th Infantry Division came after landing. They suffered only what cious strategic course in all history." ashore at Inchon three days after the t 26 THE AMERICAN LEGION BEST MEDICINE— The 4077th sewed stitches of laughter.

THERE is perhaps no symbol of the Korean War more famil-

iar to U. S. civilians than M*A*S*H, the hit movie and the TV series. The 1970 film and 1972-1983 TV series were adapted from a book written by a real-life MASH surgeon. Dr. H. Richard Horn- berger, under the pseudonym of Richard Hooker. Hornberger, a chest surgeon in Maine, interrupt- ed his medical internship to serve

7th Infantry Division and linked up 1 1/2 years with the 8055th near Osan. MASH unit (the fictional 4077th) Meanwhile, there was some talk in in Korea. MASH is the acro- Washington and at the United Nations nym for Mobile Army Surgical about "annexing" North Korea. Hospital. MacArthur was told "to conduct the The 8055th had 16 surgeons, di- necessary military operations either to vided into two crews who worked force the North Koreans behind the 12 or more hours a day. 38th parallel or to destroy their forces." Hornberger based the book on If there was "no indication or threat" of his own military medical experi-

intervention by the Chinese or Soviets, ences in Korea. By the time it was

he should "extend his operations north published, however, it had taken on of the parallel and to make plans for the the anti-war sentiments of the occupation of North Korea." time and was described as "a dis- He was given two restraints: he placed substitute for Vietnam." could not send planes over Chinese- MASH units in Korea saved Russian territory and only South Kore- countless lives, as their mobility initial landing, as the Marines cleared an troops could approach the Yalu Riv- made it possible to keep up with enemy units from Kimpo airport west er, which separated North Korea from combat operations and provide of Seoul. The South Korean capital was China. timely medical care. Located near retaken Sept. 26. Three days later, MacArthur planned to have the front-line infantry medical clear- MacArthur was in the city with South Eighth Army capture Pyongyang, ing stations, they treated the Korean President Syngman Rhee. North Korea's capital, and send X wounded and then evacuated them From the Pusan perimeter, the Corps—an amalgam of U.S. Army and to hospitals in the rear. Eighth Army went on the offensive and 1st Marine Div units, and Republic of MASH units were instrumental despite some initial resistance, forced a Korea (ROK) troops getting on-the-job in bringing down the percentage North Korean retreat that soon turned American training—up the east coast of wounded who died—22 percent to a rout. On the night of Sept. 26, as and have the two meet near the Yalu. in Korea compared to 28 percent

Seoul was being retaken, the 1st Caval- He appealed to North Korean President in World War II. ry Division coming from Pusan met the Please turn to page 61

JULY 1993 27 numbers. The United States had re- fused to recognize Mao's government, and Mao believed the U.S. forces would S UNITED Nations not stop at the Chinese border, just as Some 300,000 forces strengthened they hadn't stopped at the 38th parallel. their positions The Sunday after Thanksgiving about 50 miles 1950, the Chinese struck with 33 divi- Chinese pushed south of the Yalu sions —a total of 300,000 men. A new River —primarily and more ominous phase of the war had the Eighth Army begun. ROK II Corps troops were over- the allies back on the Chongchon run. The Turks, British and 1st Cavalry River, X Corps on units who replaced them were knocked the Chosin Reservoir and Republic of back as well. the southern shore of the Chosin from the Chinese Korea (ROK) units in between —Chi- On nese troops were seen here and there. Reservoir, more than 120,000 Chinese On Oct. 25, 1950, Chinese forces surrounded and attacked 15,000 U.N. border in a had forced a fight with the South Kore- troops. Striking late at night from the valleys ans less than 40 miles south of the Yalu. snowy ridges and surrounding Within the week, the Eighth Army and the reservoir, the Chinese tooted their bloody turnaround X Corps had encountered other Chi- bugles as they made their charge. nese troops, and Chinese MiGs had ap- X Corps, which included the 1st peared along the Yalu. Marine Division and the 3d and 7th in- of the war. But there had been no significant fantry divisions, had expected to link Chinese activity for three weeks before up with the Eighth Army But they were Thanksgiving, and no one expected a unaware that the Chinese had hit Eighth major offensive from Mao Tse-tung, the Army units hard and forced them back a few days earlier. Chinese communist leader. No one at KOREA secret for The U.N. troops on both sides of the that time knew of Mao's order Chosin Reservoir were forced to fight Chinese "volunteers" to "resist the at- 1950-53 snow- tacks of U.S. imperialism" in massive their way out of the trap across

THE AMERICAN LEGION COLD FRONT— Tfte bitter winter and ttie Chinese toolc their toll on the U.S. soldiers and Marines at the Chosin Reservoir.

WINTER 1950—7/76 Sunday after Thanksgiving, 33 Chinese divisions struck from the north, pushing U.N. forces to below the 38th parallel. This map shows the enemy's ad- vances.

covered hills to the village of Hagaru-

ri. Bitter cold weather, sub-zero tem- peratures, gusty winds and swirling snow broke down equipment as well as men. The convoys traveled by day when they could be aided by air cover; the Chinese attacked in force at night. One U.S. unit started out with 250 men; on- ly 27 were left 11 days later. A handful of Marines rescued some 300 wounded frostbitten GIs from the frozen surface of the reservoir and from huts along its edge. The soldiers were survivors of a Chinese communist ambush against a convoy of wounded. Most of them had crawled more than 2 miles out on the ice from the southern tip of the reservoir.

JULY 1993 29 .

FORCED BACK—The Navy described Hungnam as the biggest seaborne evac- uation in U.S. history.

"They were scattered over the ice al-

most as far as I could see," reported Lt. Fred Brunt. "It was the most horrible sight I've ever seen. The Chinese would not shoot at the wounded on the ice, but they would shoot at us when we started toward them. We drew fire all the time, and water would spurt 3 feet high when a bullet went through the ice." Some of the GIs had been in the open for five days before they were res- cued. From Hagaru-ri, there was an equal- ly difficult and bloody breakout south to Koto-ri. It took "twelve days of freezing hell" to reach the northeastern Korean plains of Hamhung 50 miles away —the longest puUback in Marine Corps history Marine Gen. O.P. Smith refused to

call it a retreat. "Certainly not," he replied to the question. "We are simply attacking in a different direction." During the two weeks of fighting, the allies suffered more than 3,000 killed and 6,000 wounded. The Chi- nese casualties numbered 43,500, in- BATTLEFIELD environments cluding 28,000 killed and 15,500 are always hostile, but the bit- wounded. Thousands of the survivors ter cold of the winter in Korea in reported severe frostbite from tempera-

1950-51 made it unbearably so, espe- tures that at times plummeted to 30 be- cially for those fighting in the low zero. mountains near the North Korea- By Christmas Eve, the last of X China border. Corps' 105,000 troops were evacuated At times, temperatures dropped by a U.N. fleet of 193 ships. Previously, to 20 below zero, aggravated by another 3,600 wounded or frostbitten north winds reaching 40 miles an had been airlifted out. hour. Both mobility and visibility The bulk of the 100,000-man Eighth were limited by snow squalls. Army set up a new defense line at Sun- Many were afraid to fall asleep chon, 30 miles north of Pyongyang, lest they freeze to death. Carbines North Korea's capital. The last U.S. and Browning automatic rifles had troops, elements of the 24th Infantry, to be fired every half-hour or so to had eluded a trap 20 miles north by keep them from freezing. Some pulling back across the icy Chongchon medics reported that they couldn't River.

use plasma because it would not go The Chinese communists kept pour- Battlefield artist Howard into the solution at such low temper- DOGFACE— ing into North Korea from Manchuria, Brodie sketched this Gl atures and the tubes would clog. building a force of 1 million. By Dec. Sometimes, blood froze on wounds 7, they had forced U.N. troops in north-

before it could coagulate. warm up frozen engines, and spe- west Korea to retreat more than 120 Canteens froze. Perspiration in cial non-freeze oils and Arctic cloth- miles, turning the allies' objective into boots —and on beards —turned to ing for the troops. It wasn't always a fight for survival. ice; damp socks meant frozen feet. enough. Frostbite was a major cause The Eighth Army had to abandon One soldier reported that at Koto-ri of non-combat casualties. Of the Pyongyang to the Chinese on Dec. 5. several GIs put a boxcar on fire and Chinese, many with only canvas The U.S. 25th Division and ROK 1st crawled inside until the flames drove shoes, 90 percent reportedly suf- Division, as well as the British 27th them out. fered some degree of frostbite dur- and 29th Brigades, wdthdrew across the The military sent in heaters to ing the winter of 1950. Chongchon. Please turn to page 62

30 THE AMERICAN LEGION FINAL SHOT—4 Marine howitzer fires one of its last rounds as tfie hour for ceasefire nears.

While negotiators HE TRUCE talks began July 10, 1951, in

• Kaesong. An agenda was agreed to, but the quibbled about negotiations didn't last long. They were sus- details, the war pended after the communists claimed the raged on with U.N. forces had violated the neutral zone. The talks re-

sumed on Oct. 25, this time at Panmunjom. A cease-fire deadly clashes was proposed on the condition that other issues could be from hill to hill. settled within 30 days. But there was no progress on the

other issues, especially provisions for a prisoner exchange. KOREA 1950-53

The war continued, settling into what many called a "twilight war," a TRUCE OR DARE—4s cease-fire talks grounded on, so did the war. battle for what football coaches often Above left, U.S. F-86s outper- refer to as "field position." Both sides formed communist MiG-15s. Right, battered for a temporary hold on real U.N. ground forces captured and estate. Although there were no large- recaptured hills such as Old Baldy. scale battles, there were plenty of dead- Finally, on July 23, 1953, Lt. Gen. ly smaller clashes involving hand-to- William K. Harrison and North Ko- rean II hand combat and grenade-tossing. Gen. Nam signed the armistice, above right. "Troops of both sides are well dug in and know every inch of the terrain," one soldier said, describing the situa- tion. "Guns are zeroed on everything The two sides suffered about across the front." 375,000 casualties during the last 15 months of the war. More than 15,000 of them were Americans killed or KOREAN MEMORUL wounded. On the ground, it was a seesaw bat- VETERANS of the Korean War tle for the hills—Old Baldy, Bunker will be honored in Washing- Hill, White Horse Mountain, Triangle ton, D.C., on July 27, the 40th an- Hill, Sniper Ridge, Pork Chop Hill niversary of the armistice. and Heartbreak Ridge. Both sides Past National Commander Jake quickly learned why Koreans often de- Comer, a member of the executive scribe their country by saying, "Over committee of the Korean War Vet- the mountains, mountains." erans Memorial Advisory Board, Typical of the fighting was the battle says the day's activities will in- for Bunker Hill on the western front clude a "No Greater Love" tribute near the truce site at Panmunjom. The Please turn to pase 63 Chinese suffered nearly 4,000 casual- ties in seven vain attempts to recapture

32 T H G D M Z

NO MAN'S LAND—Still there and still deadly, the Demilitarized Zone has separated North and South Korea since 1953.

THE DEMILITARIZED Zone Both sides have accused each other (DMZ) that extends the width of violations of the armistice agree- of the Korean peninsula, roughly ment—more than a million com- along the 38th parallel, was estab- plaints, an average of 75 a day since Ushed by the 1953 armistice that for- the war ended. mally ended the Korean War. At the truce village of Pan- Today, North and South Korea still munjom —visited by 100,000 for- watch one another from behind eign tourists a year —there's an anti- barbed wire and concrete bunkers tank wall, a live mine field and a on either side of the 2 1/2 mile-wide double barbed-wire fence. and 155-mile long zone. More than South Koreans who visit the 1.5 million armed troops are on DMZ must read and sign a declara- either side of the border. tion that speaks of the "possibility The lone telephone line between of injury or death as a direct result them is in Red Cross offices. There of enemy action." is no mail and no direct travel be- The Cold War may be over else-

tween the two without the where, but in Korea it is, at best, permission of both governments. still chilly

the ridge. During just a few hours of the month of May alone, allied planes the battle, the Chinese pounded the de- flew nearly 30,000 sorties. The Ameri- fenses of the with can F-86 Sabre jet, fastest of the allied some 7,000 artillery shells. planes, scored big victories over the "We didn't eat much and we didn't communist MiG-15s. hardly sleep any," said one Marine The U. S. Air Force bombed Yalu sergeant after three days and three River power installations in June and nights of fighting. "And whenever we launched the heaviest raid of the war moved, the goonies could see us do it against the North Korean capital of Py- and they'd let us have it with their big ongyang in August. In the biggest all- guns. But our boys never griped about jet battle of the war, 77 U.S. Sabres and anything. Even the wounded guys didn't Australian jets tangled with 120 MiGs gripe." over "MiG Alley" in late September The U.S. Air Force conducted 1952. round-the-clock air strikes on enemy The U.S. Navy didn't let up either. Its communications and supply lines. In Please turn to page 62 —

T HAS been 40 WITH PRIDE—Korea's capital, Seoul, years since the now is a sprawling, international me- armistice ended Since the war, tropolis of 10 million. the Korean War.

Ironically, much have called it an economic miracle. I remains the same. South Korea South Korea was a devastated nation There is still no after the war. Some 230,000 of its sol- peace treaty be- diers had been killed, along with an es- tween North and prospers while timated 300,000 from North Korea. South Korea. There is still a two-and-a- The total of civilian dead in the two half-mile-wide demilitarized zone that Koreas has been estimated at between

extends the width of the Korean penin- the North suffers 1 million and 3 million. sula along the 38th parallel. Since 1952, South Korea's per capita

There are still more than 9,000 U.N. gross national product has leaped from military personnel unaccounted for under despot less than $70 to more than $6,000. Its since the war ended, including 8,177 wartime foe to the north has made no Americans. On Memorial Day 1990, such progress; its per capita is estimat- North Korea returned the remains of Kim II Sung. ed at less than $500. Exports from five American soldiers killed in the South Korea have gone from $60 mil- war—the first return of U.S. dead from lion to about $70 billion and its trade North Korea since 1954. total in 1992 was around $150 billion, Although there are about 36,000 their patrol mission to South Korean compared to an estimated $5 billion American troops still stationed in troops for the first time since 1953. All for North Korea. South Korea under a mutual defense that remains in the zone is a small The city of Seoul—and almost every agreement, the U.S. presence is dimin- number of U.S. soldiers guarding the other city on the Korean peninsula ishing as the South Koreans take over truce village at Panmunjom. was badly damaged in the war. But more and more of the military respon- The transfer of military control in Seoul has been rebuilt and is now a sibilities. the DMZ was yet more evidence of the sprawling metropolis with 10 million

On Oct. 1, 1991, U.S. soldiers with- spectacular recovery made by South residents; another 8 million live in the drew from the DMZ and turned over Korea since the end of the war. Many surrounding metropolitan area. Sky-

34 THE AMERICAN LEGION ON THE MARCH—Seoul hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics, spending bil- lions to renovate the city and show it off.

scrapers abound. There are 1.5 million cars on its broad avenues. The capital city preened for world- wide visitors in 1988, as it played host to 12,000 athletes from 161 nations competing in the Olympic Games. The city spent about $1.4 billion for subway and airport expansion and the cleanup of the Han River, which runs through the center of Seoul. Politically,^ South Korea has moved dramatically and peacefully from dicta- torship to democracy In 1992, the na- tion elected its first civilian president since the death of Syngman Rhee. All the candidates this time were civilians in an election won by Kim %ung-sam, himself a symbol of the growth of a gression pact to trade and cultural ex- ON ALERT, STILL—Continually wary of the North, South Korean and U.S. troops conservative new middle class. changes. Generally, the talks come up participate in a joint training exercise. North Korea, meanwhile, has few al- empty lies among world neighbors. It is still There have been few promising en- ruled by Kim II Sung, an 81-year-old deavors toward a long-range peace. In Nations as a joint entry. despot. September 1991, after years of having But the two Koreas remain distrust- On occasion, the two rival nations each other's attempts vetoed by allies in ful and mutually suspicious of each get together in a "peace drive" and try the U.N. Security Council, the two Ko- other, eyeing one another across a de- to talk about everything from a non-ag- reas became members of the United Please turn to page 63

35 1

Convention '93 Riverside ATTRACTIONS

W E N T Y help Legionnaires navigate THOUSAND around the Three Rivers Legionnaires City. and their fam- The souvenir program ilies will kick provides vital information off the Dia- on convention meetings and mond Jubilee activities, plus a new, spe- Year of The cial city guide that lists T American where to eat and what to do Legion at the 75th National and see. It also includes a Convention in Pittsburgh, map of the city and valuable Sept. 3-9. coupons for local restau- As Legionnaires begin rants and stores. the celebration of 75 years A copy of the Conven- of Legion history, they will tion Program & City Guide also enjoy a Legion first: will be given to those who this is the first time Pitts- register at the convention. burgh has hosted an Ameri- Other Convention events can Legion National Con- and activities include: shuttle service will vention. Free • A senior color guard A highlight of the con- help Leglonnoires navigate competition on Saturday, vention will be the enter- Sept. 4, at 8 a.m. This year tainment-packed festival. the Three Rivers City during there will be three classes: Labor Day, Monday, Sept. the 75th National Convention the Open Class, for groups 6, at the main amphitheater with 4-17 members; the near Station Square, which Open Military Class for 4-7 is a shopping and dining members; and the Closed complex on the Monongahela River. They will still find plenty of time to Military Class for 4-7 members. Amer- The featured performer had not been take in the sights, enjoy the fine food ican Legion, Sons of the American announced at press time. Among the and go shopping. A variety of restau- Legion and Auxiliary color guards are day's other entertainers are the Dixie rants and stores await Legionnaires and eligible to compete in the Open classes. Cups Dixieland Band; singer-guitarist their families in downtown's "Golden Only Legion color guards may compete John Puckett; caricature artists and rov- Triangle" area. in the Closed Class, and the winner will ing magicians, mimes, clowns and jug- A free shutde service will be avail- be designated the National Comman- glers. The festival will be held from 1 able to transport convention delegates der's color guard. a.m. to 6 p.m. between their hotels and the convention • A band contest Saturday, Sept. 4, At the convention, Legion leaders center, and to carry Legionnaires to and at 9 a.m. in Heinz Hall in downtown will undertake the huge task of shaping from the festival at Station Square. Pittsburgh. the organization's agenda for the com- • A Memorial Service on Sunday, ing year. HE 75th National Convention will Sept. 5, at 11 a.m. in the convention Commission and committee meet- kick off the Legion's year-long cel- center. ings will be held Saturday and Sunday T-ebration of its Diamond Jubilee. • The convention parade on Sunday, in the David L. Lawrence Convention Legionnaires at the convention will be Sept. 5, at 2 p.m. The parade starts at Center and Vista Hotel. Among the able to buy limited-edition posters — Ross Street and Fifth Avenue, proceeds issues that concern Legionnaires are a only 1,500 were printed — commemo- west on Fifth, turns south on Stanwix GI Bill for Desert Storm veterans, the rating its 75th year. An anniversary Street and disbands on the Boulevard Legion's plan to save veterans' health- crystal decanter will also be on sale. of the Allies. care, and maintaining the ban on homo- This year's convention program has Legionnaires wanting to attend the sexuals openly serving in the military. been reorganized and expanded. Now Convention should contact Department But all will not be business for called the Convention Program & City Adjutants to make arrangements.

Legionnaires attending the convention. Guide, it will have an extra 50 pages to By T. Douglas Donaldson

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By Lowell Ponte time to time he would check it and ter. He was rooted in the Enlighten- record the results. Thus we know that ment, closer in time to the Renaissance at 1 p.m. the temperature had risen to than to the 1990s, but he anticipated "/ think this is the most extraordi- 76 degrees. and helped mold our modern world. nary collection of talent, of human That afternoon, the delegates ap- Jefferson was born on April 13, knowledge, that has ever gathered proved Jefferson's groundbreaking doc- 1743, at Shadwell, the plantation his fa- together at the White House, with the ument. What one scholar later called ther carved from forests near what is possible exception of when Thomas " "the first New Nation" was born. today Charlottesville, Va., and which Jefferson dined alone. Thomas Jefferson was a rare com- had grown to 2500 acres by the time it bination of thinker and doer: a political was bequeathed to young Jefferson. Ac- President John F. Kennedy, philosopher who was also a leader; a cording to family legend, Tom had read at a dinner in 1962 student of science who was also an in- all 20-odd books in the family library lionoring Nobel Prize-winners novator; a risk-taker—even a trend-set- by age five. Later he mastered French, Spanish and Italian, SUNRISE and learned to read rHEwas glorious the classics in Greek in Philadel- and Latin. phia on Thurs- At the College of day, July 4, 1776. By 9 William and Mary, he a.m. in the midst Z7ounding — consumed the works of a deepening po- of such scientists as litical crisis —dele- Isaac Newton and gates from the 13 Francis Bacon. But colonies were gather- FATHER . the thinker who influ- ing to debate a Decla- enced Jefferson most ration of Indepen- was the English phil- dence from Great osopher John Locke, Britain. who believed that le- In a far back row of Favorite gitimate government the State House sat the C existed only to secure author, a gangly 33- individual rights, and year-old Virginian must be based on the with red hair and l30N consent of the gov- freckles, who stood erned. six-foot-two in an era After the Declara- when the average man tion of Independence was five-foot-six. was signed, Jefferson Thomas Jefferson was so reserved that returned home, elected to the new Vir- he never rose to speak. Thomas ginia House of Delegates. With re- But for 17 days and nights in a rent- formist passion he drafted scores of ed room, he had crafted ideas into bills in the next few years. One was words that are the cornerstone of the Jefferson's Virginia's Statute for Religious Free- American Republic: that all men are dom, which Jefferson numbered among created equal; that they are endowed by his greatest accomplishments. their Creator with inalienable rights to philosophy of Today we take separation of church life, liberty and the pursuit of happi- and state for granted. But in 1777 all ness; that governments rule only with the recently established states, except the consent of the governed and can be individual Pennsylvania and Rhode Island, forced abolished by the people. citizens —regardless of their beliefs While the delegates debated these to support an official church. Jeffer- radical ideas, Jefferson sat quietly, tak- freedom is the son's statute declared that "to compel a ing notes on the portable lap desk he man to furnish contributions of money had designed. Characteristically, he al- for the propagation of opinions which so devoted some moments to his pas- cornerstone he disbelieves and abhors is sinful and sion for scientific observation. He had tyrannical." with him a new thermometer, and from For helping sever the link between on which our church and state, he would be de- nounced from pulpits the rest of his

Lowell Ponte is a roving editor for life. Reader's Digest. Reprinted with permis- government When Americans began debating the sion from the April 1993 Reader's Di- wording of the U.S. Constitution, Jef- gest. Copyright © 1993 by The Readers ferson, who was in Paris as minister to Digest Assn., Inc. was built. Please turn to page 58

38 THE AMERICAN LEGION "

"I amfor a government

rigorously

frugal and

simple.

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'/At'^ui/e^-^>^maji aJtc/jluA^tH/ ^n/HirMe' mep&l^u/^&4^eff/iJ^S^}i. Veterans update

VA TO REVIEW CUUMS WITH CLEAR ERRORS

ETERANS who have had claims, sometimes not. Under the CVA also ruled that a claim contain- their VA claims denied, court's new ruling, claims with CUEs ing a clear and unmistakable error is may have them re-exam- must be looked at again. not a reopened claim, and therefore ined if their cases con- The CVA decision was based on two does not require new and material evi- V tained clear and unmistak- cases in which The American Legion dence before the case can be re- able errors (CUEs), according to a re- represented veterans appearing before examined. cent ruling by the Court of Veterans the court last year. The Legion and In reaching this decision, CVA Appeals (CVA). three other veterans' organizations tes- pointed out that VA itself has revised Veterans whose claims are re-exam- tified as friends of the court in Collins claims since 1928, based on a finding ined due to a CUE may have their ben- vs. Principi and Russell vs. Principi. of CUE, without reopening the cases. efits increased or decreased depending The cases resolved two major issues. The court said VA adjudicators cannot on how the errors affected the claim. The court ruled it had jurisdiction if a rule against CUE claims without citing A CUE is an undebatable error that CUE claim had already been heard by the regulations and reasoning behind would have an important effect in the the Board of Veterans Appears (BVA), their decisions. final decision of the claim, CVA ruled. even in claims filed before the CVA Veterans who believe their claims The court determined CUEs could be was created on Nov 18, 1988. VA ar- contain a CUE must go through the made when pertinent facts were miss- gued unsuccessfully that CVA had no full claims process, beginning at their ing or disregarded by VA or when the jurisdiction over claims before that date regional VA office up through the regulations were incorrectly used. and warned it could be flooded with Board of Veterans Appeals. For more Previously, VA treated CUEs incon- retroactive back payments from CUE information, contact your American sistently, sometimes re-examining decisions. Legion Department Service Officer (DSO).

als commemorating WWII groups or Spina Bifida Help • The condition or illness is listed as incidents, but none that include all Vietnam veterans with children suf- presumptive in the United States Code WWII veterans. fering from the birth defect, spina bifi- and the Code of Federal Regulations Last year, RL. 102-414 authorized da, can receive help from the Spina Bi- and manifests within a specific time the minting and sale of WWII com- fida Association of America (SBAA). from the date of discharge. For in- memorative coins to help fund the Help includes a continence training stance, if a veteran is diagnosed as dia- memorial. The coins went on sale May program, a program designed to make betic within one year of discharge, it is 28. For more information, call the U.S. young adults age 17 and over more in- considered service-connected. For TB, Mint at (301) 436-7400. dependent, tuition for children to at- it must appear within three years. • tend camps that teach hygiene and so- The veteran suffers a secondary Service-Connected Rules cial skills, and information on educa- condition directly linked to a service- Veterans injured while being treated tion and employment. Counseling is connected injury or illness. by VA may be entitled to service-con- available to help parents train their nected disability, according to newly children to become more independent. Right To Die Options defined legal definitions. For more information, contact the The Department of Veterans Affairs Recent rulings of the Court of Veter- Spina Bifida Association of America, (VA) is reminding all its hospitalized Appeals and the Board of Veterans 4590 MacArthur Blvd. NW, #250, ans patients that they have the right to Appeals require VA regional offices to Washington, DC 20007; (800) 872- choose whether or not they want to pro- consider all five categories of service- 8058. long their lives. connected disabilities. VA offers patients two ways to con- According to the National Veterans WWII Monument vey their wishes. One is the "Durable Legal Services Project, veterans are al- WWII veterans are one step closer in Power of Attorney for Health Care" so considered service-connected if: getting a national memorial in their that allows them to name someone to • Their service records show treat- honor. H.R. 682 and S. 214 authorizing make medical decisions for them. or diagnosis of the condition construction of the memorial have ment The second option is a "VA Living while on active duty. passed the House and Senate. Now only Will" that specifically outlines what • The condition that existed before minor differences between both mea- VA can and cannot do if the patients the veteran entered the service be- sures must be resolved before the mea- are unable to speak for themselves. comes worse during the veteran's time sure becomes law. If neither option is selected by the service. However, the veteran must American Legion National Com- in veteran, VA doctors will follow whatev- have served at least 90 consecutive days mander Roger A. Munson, a WWII er medical procedures are necessary to on active duty veteran, noted there are many memori- prolong life.

40 THE AMERICAN LEGION 6

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Reaffirming flie Legion's roie as file cliampion of veferans' concerns, file NEC passed resoiufions urging more Jobs for veferans and ftiaf VA be parf of tieaiffi-care reform.

JfWFW ETERANS are the vic- H H I tims of a misguided po- H » litical agenda right now," WORKING FOR WORK—TAje National Economic Commission developed a com- N^tio"^! Commander prehensive veterans' employment program, teaming the Legion with a labor H m' union to provide job training for recently discharged veterans. I ft; Roger A. Munson said Ik after the 1993 Spring ' ^ Meeting of the National Executive Committee cently discharged veterans for jobs in Commission Chairman Chet Stellar in- (NEC) in Indianapolis. construction and environmental formed the Legion leaders that First "Instead of debating how to best find cleanup. The program has already pro- Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton has a jobs for veterans and improve VA care, vided jobs for 24 veterans in the Wash- copy of the Legion plan, as do mem- Congress is talking about lifting the ington, D.C., area. Economic Com- bers of Congress. The proposal would ban on open homosexuals in the U.S. mission Chairman Joseph J. Frank ex- give more veterans access to a full

Armed Forces," Munson said. "This is pects the program to create thousands range of VA medical services. ridiculous, an affront to every veteran." of jobs paying more than $12 an hour. • RESOLVING THE POW/MIA The NEC, however, made no such er- The NEC also voted to support leg- ISSUE. To improve the U.S. govern- rors in its priorities. Indeed, the Spring islation that would "authorize and fund ment's POW/MIA actions, the NEC Meeting turned out to be a reaffirma- a VA small business loan program" for voted to centralize operations in a pow- tion of what the Legion's mission has disabled, Vietnam-era and post-Viet- erful Pentagon office; remove always been: safeguarding the interests nam-era veterans, and urged improved POW/MIA responsibilities from the of those who serve or have served in re-employment rights for service peo- Defense Intelligence Agency and re- the U.S. military ple being forced out of the military. turn them to the military services; es- Determined to maintain this com- • MAKING VA MORE ACCESSI- tablish a centralized Department of mitment, the NEC firmly called for: BLE TO VETERANS The Legions Defense office to keep POW/MIA • MORE JOBS FOR VETERANS. Veterans Affairs and Rehabilitation families informed; create a joint con- The NEC approved continuation of a (VA&R) Commission also reported the gressional committee on POW/MIA pilot program sponsored jointly by the progress in selling An American Le- affairs; and strengthen investigative ef- Legion and the Laborers' International gion Proposal to Improve Veterans forts for POW/MIAs from World War Union of North America to train re- Health Care on Capitol Hill. VA&R Please turn page

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II, the Cold War, Korea and Vietnam. will go into effect as of January 1994. HEALTH-CARE— "i4fira/n the Legion • RAISING DUES. While many leads the way," says National Commander resolutions presented to the NEC gen- Roger A. Munson, as he describes the Legion's health-care plan for veterans. erated comment and debate, none re- From the outset, the theme of the quired as much time or produced as 1993 Spring Meeting became a summit many soul-searching "by veterans, for veter- the Spring Meeting — strongly encour- questions as the propos- ans." "We care about ages Legionnaires to provide financial al to increase the dues those with whom we support to the memorial. Donations for membership to $9 at serve," National Com- should be sent to The American the national level. LimniG mander Munson said in Legion, Vietnam Women's Memorial Said National Trea- the his address opening the ban Fund, RO. Box 1817, Indianapolis, IN surer Webber La- meeting. 46206-1817. Grange: "As we expand against That concern was After passing 25 program and policy our services to the four displayed later in the homosexuals resolutions, the NECmen returned to major Legion pro- misty eyes of NECmen their Departments, satisfied again with grams — VA&R, Amer- in the who listened to PNC E. the knowledge that The American Le- icanism/Children and Roy Stone Jr. read the gion continues to "walk the point" for Youth, National Securi- military is names of PNCs and veterans. ty/Foreign Relations, NECmen who had re- an affront to The following program and policy and Economic— our ex- cently died. resolutions were passed: penses increase, even the nation's Shortly after, the Res. 1 (Comm.) Petitions the U.S. Postal Ser- though we exercise good NECmen watched a veterans. vice to issue a postage stamp honoring soldiers expense control." video tape with an emo- killed in . LaGrange said out- tionally charged appeal Res. 2 (Comm.) Supports legislation to raise the Medal of Honor pension from $200 to $600 a side factors — particu- for money to complete month and provide regular increases thereafter. larly the the enormous in- Vietnam Women's Res. 3 (PI) Urges Congress to adopt legisla- creases in postal rates Memorial. About tion addressing the Fihpino veterans-benefits is- have accelerated expens- $600,000 is desperately sue and oppose reduction of current benefits. Res. 5 (Comm.) Continues funding for The es. The last dues increase the nation- needed to complete the memorial in American Legion's suit against VA to provide a al level was approved in 1981 — more time to meet the scheduled commemo- ground troop study of GIs exposed to Agent Or- than 10 years ago. If the dues increase ration and dedication, Nov. 10-12. ange. is adopted by the delegates at the 1993 A special resolution — approved by Res. 7 (Comm.) Urges support of VAs Small

National Convention in September, it phone vote of the NEC weeks before Please turn to page 67

44 THE AMERICAN LEGION .

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Gl8 OBSERVE BETUR EDUCATION BENEFITS

ATION AL available to the men and life for your country isn't a Combat-Era Serviceper- Commander women in the U.S. mili- 'national service' then son's Readjustment Act of Roger A. Mun- tary," Munson said, refer- nothing is," Munson said. 1993, which was intro- son has voiced ring to education benefits "The American Legion is duced by Sen. Dennis The American now offered veterans. not criticizing the Presi- DeConcini in April. "It is Legion's objection to an Under the current Mont- dent for introducing a only right that we recog- administration plan that gomery GI Bill, veterans national service plan that nize the highest form of would pay civilian students earn only the equivalent of would provide education national service — service more in education benefits $7,200 in educational ben- for hundreds of thousands in the Armed Forces of the than veterans now receive. efits after two years of mil- of young Americans. We United States," Munson Under the administration's itary service, $2,800 less have always supported said. proposal, students would than what civilians would such education. The Legion-supported get $10,000 in education get for the same length of "However, we do think DeConcini bill would pro-

benefits in return for two service. And veterans must it is a strange set of priori- vide a substantial improve- years of community ser- contribute $1,200 of their ties when those who are ment in GI Bill education vice. own money, as well as face currently providing a na- benefits, including: "Any national service the normal hazards of mili- tional service to their •Ending the $1,200 con- plan should not offer bene- tary life. country are entitled to less tribution demanded of fits greater than those "If laying down your benefits than those who are active duty participants in yet to serve," he said. the current Montgomery "What do we say to the GI Bill; brave young men and wo- •Raising the maximum men who served with dis- monthly payment for edu- tinction in Desert Storm cation expenses to $777 and who may be on duty in from $400. The increase Somalia or Bosnia?" Mun- also would apply to Gulf son asked. War veterans who partici- During his presidential pated in the Montgomery campaign last year, Clin- GI Bill, but are no longer ton advocated a national in the service; service program that would •Authorizing GI Bill pay students $20,000 in benefits for Reservists on return for two years' com- active duty for more than munity service such as 90 days, and for Reservists working in schools, nurs- and National Guardsmen ing homes, environmental recalled to active duty for projects and safety pro- the Gulf War. grams. That amount was "The current GI Bill reduced to $13,000 once offers a paltry sum for Clinton was in office, but risks to life and limb, for veterans' organizations no-notice worldwide de- strongly objected. ployments, even for com- After a meeting be- munity-service type mis- tween White House offi- sions around the world," NATIVE SON (OF THE AMERICAN LEGION)— Legion cials and representatives Munson said. officials attending the Wasfiington Conference present- from the Legion and other The American Legion ed President Bill Clinton with his Sons of The American veterans' groups, the Pres- authored the original GI Legion (SAL) cap during a White House visit. Clinton, ident reduced the amount Bill in 1944 and remains a whose father served during World War II, is a member of to $10,000 — still more staunch advocate of na- the Post 64 SAL Detachment, Haber Springs, Ark. With than what the GI bill pro- tional service and educa- the President, from left, are former Department of Arkansas Adjutant Charles C. Ragsdell, Department vides. tion, providing tens of mil- Judge Advocate Leon Reed and Past National Comman- Munson also urged the lion of dollars worth of der E. Roy Stone Jr. of South Carolina. administration to consider scholarships over the approving S. 860, the years.

46 THE AMERICAN LEGION LEGION News

LEGION TELLS CONSRESS TO PRESERVE VA

THE ANY changes accept reimbursements ered by affiliated university health care designed exclu- LEGION in the nation's from Medicaid and private hospitals. sively for their needs. IN CONGRESS health care insurance for the treatment The Legion cautioned the The Legion also pre- must include a well-sup- of veterans. Senate Committee on Veter- sented its recommenda- ported VA to care for sick The Legion told the law- ans Affairs to carefully con- tions for VA's 1994 budget and disabled veterans, makers that VA should be a sider any national health-care to the House Appropria- Legion representatives have role model for any changes proposals. When Canada tions Subcommittee on told the Senate Committee in America's national introduced universal health VA, HUD and Independent on Veterans Affairs and the health-care structure. Recent care, its health-care system Agencies (see "Battle For House Subcommittee on studies have demonstrated for veterans was abolished, The 1994 VA Budget," Hospitals and Health Care. that quality health care can leaving veterans without chart below). In other spring testimo- be delivered by VA at costs ny, the Legion also called of 20 percent to 40 percent for VA to be allowed to lower than health care deliv- BATRE FOR THE 1994 VABUD6ET M NEEDS MORE MONEY, the Legion testified to A LETDOWN ON DEFENSE the House Appropriations Subcommittee on VA, HUD and Independent Agencies. Below are selected AMERICA'S military Health and Medical Pro- categories showing the Legion and administration bud- the Uniformed Ser- strength must not be gram of get proposals compared to this year's spending. weakened by massive and vices (CHAMPUS) to pro- VA BUDGET 1994 LEGION 1994 ADMINISTRATION premature reductions while vided coverage for military CATEGORY RECOMMENDATIONS PROPOSALS APPROPmATIONS the world is still dangerous. retirees beyond age 65; Medical care $17 billion $15.6 billion $14.6 billion The American Legion has •Pay both military retire- Construction (nnajor) $600 million $406.5 million $492 million told the House Appropria- ment pay and veterans dis- Construction (minor) $220 million $153.5 million $220 million tions Subcommittee on ability compensation for Medical/Prostlietic Defense. disabled military retirees; Research $280 million $206 million $232 million Noting America's role as and National Cemetery the only world superpower, •Continue modernizing System $75 million $70.5 million $70.6 million the Legion cautioned sub- the Armed Forces, includ- Veterans Benefits committee members against ing the funding for the Administration $750 million $604 million $590 million any quick drawdowns of Army's RAH-66 Comanche SOURCE: The American Legion National Veterans Affairs and Retiabitilation Division U.S. forces. The Legion said helicopter; retaining a 12- it would be better to main- carrier Navy battle group; tain larger forces than to developing a Navy stealth SHOULD BE TO SERVE repeat the errors of previous aircraft; continuing produc- GAYS NOT ALLOWEO drawdowns. tion of the SSN-21 Seawolf STRONGLY worded testimony before the House IN The Legion also recom- ; producing the Armed Services Committee, the Legion has reiterated its mended that Congress: V-22 Osprey aircraft for the position that lifting the ban on homosexuals in the U.S. •Maintain the Selective Marine Corps; augmenting Armed Forces would severely degrade the military's prima- Service system; Navy sealift capabilities; ry mission to defend the country. •Increase funding for building up the Merchant The Legion told the lawmakers that lifting the ban would military recruiting; Marine; modernizing the lower morale, disrupt order and discipline, cause nearly •Eliminate the scheduled Air Forces' F-22 fighter; insurmountable legal and administrative issues, harm military pay freeze for 1994; producing the C-17 aircraft; recruitment and retention, and damage military readiness. •Enact a new GI Bill pro- creating a military space- The Legion gave the following other reasons for main- viding adequate education launch system; maintaining taining the ban: benefits; the current inventory of •There would be an increase in AIDS in the services, •Reject any cap to cost- intercontinental ballistic which would create a burden on the military's medical sys- of-living adjustments for missiles; and fully funding tem. military retirees; the Strategic Defense Initia- •The homosexual lifestyle runs counter to the religious, •Maintain a strong Uni- tive, including the Global personal and moral views of most military families. formed Services Health Protection Against Limited •The homosexual community's higher suicide rate and Care DeUvery System; Strikes and Brilliant Peb- the incidence of homosexual alcoholics will undermine dis- •Fully fund the Civilian bles systems. cipline and detract from unit readiness.

JULY 1993 Legion News

PRIVACY SPEECH WINS ORATORICAL CONTEST

EDRIC L. 01- Thomasville, Ga. He attends sponsored by Post 18 of lison of Quit- Thomasville High School Bloomington. He receives a man, Ga., is and is active in the National $12,000 scholarship. The American Honor Society, Key Club, The competition began at Legion 1993 Math Club, student council, Posts and proceeded through National Oratorical Cham- student publications and District and Department lev- pion. Ollison won first place numerous church-related els, with 54 finalists compet- honors and an $18,000 activities. ing at 12 regional sites. scholarship for his speech The second place finish- The Legion has spon- "Privacies: Guardian An- er, who received a $16,000 sored the oratorical contest gels," which focused on pr- scholarship, was Christine for 56 years. Students otecting an individual's pri- Griffin, 18, of Hanover, research, write and deliver vacy against unwarranted Mass., sponsored by Post an 8- to 10-minute speech intrusions. 136, Wilmington, Mass. about the U.S. Constitution. "Our generation is heir to Third place and a About 25,000 high school electronic wonders im- CEDRIC L OLLISON $14,000 scholarship went to students nationwide compet- possible to envision 200 Legion's Top Speaker Jason Wesbecher, 17, of ed for $138,000 in scholar- years ago," he told the audi- Albuquerque, N.M., spon- ships this year. ence at the finals of the ora- tion of rights and privacy." sored by Post 49, Albu- torical contest in Gary, N.C. Ollison, the 17-year-old querque. "The challenge for us is son of Carolyne Ollison- Finishing fourth was to see that those wonders are Powers, was sponsored in Russell C. DiSilvestro, LEGIONNAIRES used for good and not destruc- the contest by Post 31, 17, of Bloomington, Ind., INACTION Post 845 of Herkimer County, N.Y., provided Foundation's Grants Help Children breakfasts and dinner and opened their Post home to HE American teachers and parents work- cephalus Research Founda- help the Herkimer Associa- Legion Child ing with autistic children. tion of Brooklyn, N.Y., tion for Retarded Citizens in Welfare Foun- •National Federation Tar- $24,110 to provide materials their most important fund- dation (CWF) get of Kansas City, Mo., about hydrocephalus, a raising event, the drum and has awarded $43,750 to produce and dis- hereditary condition that bugle corps "Cavalcade of grants totaling $242,625 to tribute materials for high causes enlargement of the Music" competition. 10 nonprofit organizations school students about sub- skull and compression of the Post 221 of Charlotte, that benefit children and stance abuse. brain. N.C, honored four members youth. •The Minerva C.A.R.E.S. •The National Association by recording their wartime Grants were awarded to: for Kids of Minerva, Ohio, of Police AthleUc Leagues of experiences in the log of the •The Tourette Syndrome $1,100 to produce materials North Palm Beach, Fla., Women in Military Service Association of Bayside, aimed at improving self- $52,500 to produce a video for America Memorial. The N.Y., $18,550 for its project esteem in children of single- and other materials to get women are WWI veteran to assist elementary school parent families. inner-city children interested Wilma Dunn; WWII veter- administrators identify chil- •The Osteogenesis Im- in athletics instead of vio- ans Betty Wallace and Mar- dren with the Tourette syn- perfecta Foundation of lence and crime. garet Niell; and Desert drome. Tampa, Fla., $21,900 for its •The National Jewish Storm veteran Susan Lantz. •The National Reye's project to provide informa- Center for Immunology and Post 8 of New Rochelle, Syndrome Foundation of don about the genedc bone Respiratory Medicine of N.Y., awarded $1,500 worth Bryan, Ohio, $9,065 for its disorder. Osteogenesis Im- Denver, Colo., $30,600 to of scholarships to two local project to duplicate and dis- perfecta. prepare and distribute book- students. tribute a documentary video •The International Cult lets about allergies. Post 6 of Clearfield, about the Reye's syndrome. Education Program of Gra- The grants were an- Pa., works with the Clear- •The Language and Cog- de Station, N.Y., $30,000 to nounced at the May meeting field Area High School nitive Development Center publish a teachers' guide and of the CWF, which, for the Band to provide honor of Boston, Mass., $1 1,050 student texts about cult past 39 years has been pro- guard and a bugler at funer- for its program to provide recruitment techniques. viding funds annually to als, parades and Memorial educational material for •The Guardians of Hydro- help American children. Day services.

48 THE AMERICAN LEGION German Graphite LaserBlades"

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Drive For Life

HEN Don Adams By giving oimost Legion emblem and a drop of blood on was in the Air Force them. Posts are also recognized for in 1946, his friend, 120W0 pints of their blood drive efforts at the Depart- Sgt. Robert Stone, ment convention. was severely injured blood last year. Each year, the National Commander in a motorcycle acci- Legion donors also presents awards in six categories dent and needed based on Department size. Two awards blood quickly ensured a larger in each category are given: one for the Adams gladly do- safer blood supply highest percentage of Department nated the blood to save his friend's life. members who donate blood, and the Since then, Adams, a member of other for having the highest per-

Post 814, Portville, N.Y., has con- i centage of Posts participating in tinued to donate blood and is now I The American Legion Blood one pint shy of 24 gallons. I Donor Program. "1 donate as much as the blood 1991-92 I The winners were: bank will allow," Adams says. "I'd a Departments with more than give more if I could." Illinois, I 100,000 members: 5.6% Adams eagerly counts the days 8 Legionnaires participating; 36.6% between donations. He can donate Posts participating. every 56 days, which means about Departments with 70,000 to six or seven times a year. 99,999 members: Wisconsin, Legionnaires such as Don 1.3% Legionnaires participating; Adams have helped make The 13.8% Posts participating. American Legion one of the Departments with 40,000 to largest donor groups in the coun- 69,999 members: Tennesse, 1.8% try During 1991-92, 119,713 pints Legionnaires participating; Geor- of blood were given by 57,071 gia, 26.5% Posts participating. American Legion donors. Veterans Departments with 25,000 to in VA hospitals are regular bene- 39,999 members: New Hampshire, factors of the Legion's Blood 0.2% Legionnaires participating; Donor program. 3.9% Posts participating. "It's rewarding to know that Departments with 10,000 to you're helping others when you 24,999 members: No submission. walk out from giving blood," says Departments with less than George Panuce of Post 684, Chica- 10,000 members: Delaware, 0.8% go, who is the Department of Illi- Legionnaires participating; 21.9% nois Blood Drive co-chairman. Posts participating. "It's the essence of life. A priceless GIVING—Don Adams, a Legionnaire from Post everlasting gift that cannot be 814, Portville, N.Y., donates blood as often as mined or manufactured." the blood bank allows - every 56 days. "There is still no adequate sub- The period between Thanksgiv- stitute for human blood," says Na- ing Day and New Year's Day has tional Commander Roger A. Mun- become known as American Legion critical that only emergency operations son. "Blood is a precious resource, and Blood Donor month. However, blood could be performed, says Moore. the Legion proudly is known as the na- must be used within a short time after Answering this need, the Depart- tion's leading blood-donor organization. it is collected, so donations are needed ment of Illinois, a frequent leader in "With World War II veterans aging all year, according to William O. American Legion national blood drives, and becoming ineligible to be donors, Moore Jr., Chairman of the Legion's initiated its Operation Red Alert blood the Legion needs the support of its National Security Commission, which drive during the holiday season of younger members to keep the program oversees the Legion's program. 1971. alive." Because of an increased number of As an incentive, the Department of Posts can get involved in the Legion's accidents during the past few holiday Illinois gives donor pins to Legion- blood drive program by appointing a seasons, demand for blood was excep- naires who donate blood. The pins, blood drive chairman and contacting a tionally high. In fact, supplies were so shaped like the map of Illinois, have the Please turn to page 65

50 THE AMERICAN LEGION .

If You're At Least 50 Yeats Old... 9 You Deserve A Break! That's right! I'm Uncle Bernie and if you're at least 50 years TV POniYTAD. old like me, you can start buying all the merchandise you want HARSTYLBt

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1st Cav. Div., 50th Inf, 1st Bn (Mecha- WWII) #12618 nized) #12552 34th Inf, Div., 135th Rgt., 3rd Bn. (WWII) HOW TO USE VETS 1st Corps, Med Bn., Co. B #12445 #15627 1st Eng. Spec. Bde., Incl. 531st Shore 351st Triest Army Grp 1950/55 #12549 Rgt. & Spt. Units #14560 357th AAA S/L Bn. (WWII) #16628 This month there are tors may still be able to 1st MP Co. (1948/51) #15457 359th Trns. Co. #21792 970 military reunions list- provide you with infor- 1st Ord. Maint. Co.(1 949-1 952) #12361 36th Inf. DIv.: 142nd Rgt., B Co. #12133 1st Special Serv. Force (A/B) #16100 371st Engr. Bn. (WWII) #16621 these pages. ed on How- mation. Many units are 202nd AAA AW Bn. #11073 37th Inf. Div., 129th Rgt., 1st Bn., ever, VETS has informa- enrolling daily in VETS. 202nd MP Co., II Corps #15384 A/C/D/L7HQ Cos. #20564 203rd QM Gas Supply Bn, A Co. #22827 37th Inf. DIv., 148th Rgt, (Camp Perry, tion on more than 10,000 Operators are on call 204th FA Bn. "Li'l Joe" (WWII) #22783 Ohio) #10632 other reunions. For infor- Monday through Friday 207th FA Bn./2nd Bn., 158th FA Rgt. 383rd AAA AW Bn. #20197 #22622 38th Engr. (C) Rgt. WWII #16637 mation reunions for 1 on any from p.m. to 9 p.m. 207th MP Co. (1941-45) #11531 38th Inf. Div. Assn. #22857 military unit or ship, call Eastern Daylight Saving 20th Engr. (C) Rgt., 20th & 1340 Bns., 38th Inf. Div., 151st Rgt., L Co. #10224 1171 Grp. HO (WWII) #15365 38th Signal Const. Bn. WWII & 1986/91 Time; from noon to 8 p.m. 20th Tank Bn., D Co. #15363 #10198 Central Daylight Saving 212TH Signal Dpt #20188 3rd Arm'd DIv., 486th AAA Bn. (WWII) (900) 737-VETS 214th CA (AA) Georgia Nat Guard (WWI) #11390 (900) 737-8387 Time; from 11 a.m. to 7 #10421 3rd General Hospital (WWII) #10111 p.m. Mountain Daylight 226th AAA S/L Bn, Btry C #22232 3rd Int. Div. Western Region Assn, #16410 227th AAA S/L Bn. (All Btrys./WWII) 3rd Inf. Div., 9th FA Bn. (WWII) #10067 If the you know VETS Saving Time; and from 10 #15992 400th AA AW Bn., C Btry. (WWII) #10389 five-digit number as- a.m. to 6 p.m. Pacific 243rd Port Co. #10580 4025th Sig Ser Bn WWII #12415 24th Inf. Div.: 26th AAA Bn., D Btry. 40th Cav. Recon. Trp. (WWII) #16208 signed to unit, the ship or Daylight Saving Time. (1952/54) #11470 40th Inf Div., 108th Rgt., K Co. (WWII) 254th Ord, Co. M.M, (Africa 1942/45) #15356 please give it to the opera- Phone calls cost $1.95 per #18486 40th Inf. Div., 160th Rgt., Mortar Co (H) tor. The number is printed minute, and the average 258th FA Bn /991st FA Bn #14290 WWII #17238 immediately after the unit call takes two minutes or 258th FA Bn. #15943 410th Engr. C Bn #12571 25th Inf. Div. Assn (Korean Veterans) 422nd Sig Co #12563 in the magazine. If you less. Proceeds help sup- #15338 423rd CA, AAA Bn,, D Btry, (WWII) don't know the VETS port various veterans' and 25th Inf. DIv. Assn. (PTO WWII) #22990 #14768 25TH Inf. Div., 13th Art, Rgt., 3rd Bn., Co. 42nd Engr. ECB/KECB #22056 number or haven't seen the children's programs and A #12578 440th, 465th, & 472nd Signal Heavy Const, ship or unit listed in the services sponsored by The 25th Inf. Div., 35th Rgt.. H Co #12545 Bn.;(1942-Present)lnc AF #10154 25th Inf. Div., 90th FA Bn. (Korea) #20414 446th Engr. Base Depot Co. #30042 magazine, VETS opera- American Legion. 25th Int. Div.: 8th FA (Korea 1950/53) 449th AAA AW Bn., B Btry. #10825 #10354 449th MP Co. #15554 260th AA Arty. Assn. (DCNG) #10312 44th Cav. Recon. Trp. #15293 1265th (C) Engr. Bn. #12644 260th CA AA, DCNG - (& later units, WWII 44th Engr. (C) Bn. Assn. (WWII) #16518

1277th (C) Engr. #22017 & Korea) #11064 44th Inf. Div., 71st Rgt., I Co. (WWII) OUTFIT 1284th Engr. (C) Bn. (WWII) #10854 262ND QM Bakery Co #201 1 #10640 135th (C) Engr. Bn. #12643 266th FA Bn. (WWII) #22013 44th Inf. Div.: 324th Rgt. (WWII) #11108 REUNIONS 135th AAA Gun Bn. #20630 268th/940th FA Bns. #10092 44th Tank Bn. #10386 138th Engr. Combat Bn. #10347 273rd FA Bn (WWII) #10868 453rd AAA AW Bn. #14196 138th/198th/452nd FA Bns. Assn. #10370- 27th AAA HQ Grp. (WWII) #12632 45th Cav. Recon. Trp. (WWII) #15491

Reunion coordinators can enroll their 1392nd Forestry Eng. #18653 27th Engr. (C) Bn. (WWII) #10006 45th Inf. Div., 279th Rgt., Co. B (Korea) units In VETS by sending a self- 13th FA Bn #20807 27th Inf. Div. Assn. #16042 #17902 addressed, stamped envelope to VETS, 13th Station Hospital #10576 27th Inf. DIv., 102nd Med. Bn. #21858 45th Inf. Div.: 179th Rgt., B Co. (WWII) P C. Box 10088, Columbia, MO 65205- 1402nd Engr (C) Assn #12539 282nd FA Bn. #15256 #16267 4000, Unit names may be published two 141st Sig. Corps #20236 283rd FA Bn. (WWII) #15643 45th Inf. Div.: 180th Rgt,, B Co. (Korea times per year, upon request. 142nd FA, 142nd Ord. HM #22834 284th FA Bn. (WWII) #15526 1950/51) #14785

For free help in arranging reunion travel 144th AAA Bn , Bty. C #13000 286th FA Bn. (WWII) #13002 45th TAAM Co. (1951/54) #15417 and lodging, call (800) 4US-VETS, 146th Engineer Combat Batt #21745 289th Engr. (C) Bn. #15261 464th AAACA Bn. #20812 1474th Engr. Maint. Co. (WWII) #12169 28th Inf DIv., 109th Rgt., K Co #12547 465th FA Bn. Assn. (1921/55) #28345 148th Arm'd Signal Co. #10299 28th Inf. DIv., 110th Rgt., 2nd Bn., HQ & 465th FA Bn., ND Reserves (Camp Mc- 148th General Hospital (/) HQ Co. (1950/52) #16290 Coy,WI-) #10909 Army #10079 295TH JASCO #20776 471st AAA AW Bn. #10071 14th Avn. Bn., 174th Assault Helicopter Co 298th Gen. Hospital #10860 472nd AAA Bn. #11250 #12576 29th Sig. Grp. (USACC Thailand) #12495 479th Amph Trk Co #20831 100th Inf. Div., 397th Rgt., Co. A #12507 14th Cav Grp WWII #12541 2nd Arm'd Div., 702nd Tnk. Bn., 479th Amph. Trk Co., 1st Engr. Spec, Bde. 101st A/B DIv. Assn. #16090 153rd Engr. Constn.Bn. #15496 C Co. Assn. #28392 #10682 101st Cav. Grp., 101st/116th Recon Sqs. 157th Engr. (C) Bn. (WWII) #15588 2nd Engr. Bgd. (SP) #23116 482nd Med. Coll. Co. (Sep) #15211 (WWII) #15717 159th FA Bn, Btry C Korea #12592 2nd FA Obsn. Bn. (WWII) #11536 486th AAA Bn Assn, #23090

101st tVIP Assn. #18476 15th Evac. Hospital - (WWII) #16447 2nd Inf. DIv., 23rd Rgt., F Co. (WWII) 487th AAA Bn., B Btry. #15973

103rd Inf. Div. (WWII) #21864 163rd General Hospital (WWII) #14209 #15459 487th Engr. W.S. Bn. #22936 103rd Inf. Div., 410th Rgt., C Co. (WWII) 164th Engr. (C) Bn. #16517 2nd. Eng. Spc. Bde. #11809 488th Engr, LP Co WWII #13860 #15843 169th Engr. Bn., Co. A (Long Binh 301st Qrd. Heavy Maint. Co. #16241 489th Port Bn. WWII #10133

103rd Inf. Div., Signal Co. #14063 303rd Station Hospital #10941 491st Engr. Base Equip. Co. #15777 104th Inf. Div., 415th Rgt., AT Co. #15894 16th Arm'd Div.; 137th Ord. Maint. Bn. 304th Ord. Rgt. (B), 2nd Bn., 611th OBAM 496TH AAA GUN. BN. #20726 1056th Engr. PC&R Grp. (WWII East #10244 Bn. #11347 4th Arm'd Div. Assn. #16402 Coast Chptr.) #12656 16th Infantry Reg. Assn. #21672 304th Sig. Ops. Bn. (Texas P,l. WWII) 501st Parachute Bn. Assn. (Original)

106th Inf. Div., 591st FA #18405 16th Sig Oper Bn #12423 #12485 #16433 108th Evac. Hospital 50th Anniv #10766 16th Sig. Oper. Bn. (1951/53) #22006 304th Station Hospital #10175 509th Engr. (P-B) #15378 108th Rgt., Co. K (WWII) #12430 172nd Engr. (C) Bn., Co. A,B,C & HQ 305th MP Escort Guard Co. #12362 50th Engrs., A Co. #15659 109th Evac Hospital #28289 (WWII) #15300 3094th QM Refrig. Co. (Fixed) - (WWII) 50th Gen. Hospital (WWII) #10468 10th Signal Co. (WWII, FT CLAYTON 179th FA Bn. Assn. #15964 #16169 513th AAA Gun Bn., Btry.D (1951-55) CANAL) #22304 17th Signal Bn. Assn. #16377 30th FA Bn.: All Units #11472 #20742 110th Evac. Hosp. (WWII) #22514 185th Signal Bn., B Co. #16348 3169th Sig Ser Bn, DS Seaborne Comm 513th Engr, (LP) Co. (WWII) #16703 112th Cav. Rgt. Assn. (WWII) #15841 187th Airborne RAKKASANS Assn. Del, Weeroona #12543 524th MP Bn. #10437 112th Sta. Hosp., 263rd Gen. Hosp. (Cal- #22142 317th Barrage Balloon Bn. #12429 526th Arm'd Inf. Bn. (WWII) #11216 cutta) #10479 187th Sig. Repair Co. #16117 3207th QM Serv. Co. #16263 52nd Med. Bn. (WWII) #15583 116th AAA Gun Bn., D Btry. #28284 1881st Engr. Aviation Bn. #20329 321st Signal Co. Wing #141 15 530th F.A Bn., 252nd CA. #20198 11th A/B. DIv., 503rd Inf Rgt, Co A 1953 18th Cav. Recon. Sq. (WWII) #12487 328th Ord #12614 530th QM Serv Bn #20309 #12565 1901st Eng. Avn. Bn. (WWII) #12455 32nd Sig. Const. Bn. (WWII) #16660 531st AAA (AW) Bn #21665

1 1th AAA AW Bn.(SP) (All Eras) #16066 191st Chemical Depot Co #13808 337th/1 338th Combat Engrs. #15779 532nd EB & SR, E Co. - (WWII) #10152

1 1th Arm'd. Div. Assn. #16052 195th Ord. Dpt. (Korea) #21866 338th Engr. Rgt. (WWII) #16054 532nd FOB (Germany, 1956/57) #13004

1 1th Ord Field Maint Co 1950/53 #12594 19th Combat Eng Bn Assn Vietnam 33rd Inf. Div., 130th Medical Det #12536 533rd E.B. & S.R. Rgt #12586 120th Evac. Hosp. (ETC WWII) #1 1768 #12623 33rd Inf. Rgt. Combat Team. (Panama 534th AAA Bn. (All Batterys) #21047 121st AAA Gun Bn./421st Rocket FA Bn. 1st Air Cav., 7th Sq. (7/1 ACS) "Black- 1950/55) #11852 534th AAA Bn., A Btry. #10970 NVNG #16548 hawk" Assn. #1 1917 340th Combat Engrs. #20729 535th FA Bn. #14146 122nd Station Hospital #16284 1st Arm'd Div. Assn. #16195 3482nd Ord., MAM Co. (WWII) #15832 538th QM. Serv Bn, Btry., D Co. #28380 125th AAA Gun Bn. (WWII) #16565 1st Cav. Div. Assn. #16387 34th Inf. DIv., 134th Rgt., Co. L (, 53rd CA, D Btry, Ft Lauderdale Fl 1942/44

52 THE AMERICAN LEGION 1

J** VETS**

#12593 79th FA Grp., 697th/698th FA Bns., HO 97th Inf. Div., 322nd Med. Bn. #10160 CBMU-522-523-524 #20686 543rd EB & SR, Co.B - (All amphib) Bty. #16019 97th Inf. Div., 322nd Med. Bn. #11668 Class 4-47, School of Photography (NAS #15435 7th Arm'd Div, 9th Arm'd Grp, HQ Co. 97th Inf. Div., 322nd Med. Bn., A Co. Pensacola) #12626 547th Engr. (C) Bn. #16046 1945 #12608 #21869 Corpsman Society (WWII & Korea) 54th Ord. En., Co. 3606/ Co. B (Boston 7th Anm'd Div. Assn. #15253 97th Inf. Div., 322nd Med. Bn., C Co. #11257 Sailors (All Army Base) #12645 7th Corps, Hq & Hq Co. ( WWII) #12550 (WWII) #11913 Assn. Ships Company) 551st AAA Bn. (WWII) 50th Anniv #16307 7th Inf. Div., 32nd Rgt. "Queens Own" 97th Inf. Div., 387th Rgt., E Co. #15632 #11576 556th AAA AW Bn. #16668 WWII/KOREA #15855 97th Inf. Div., 387th Rgt., K Co. #10406 Ebeye Island, #12087 571st Signal Co. #15751 7th Inf. Div., 7th RCT, Co. M #12634 97th Inf. Div., 389th FA, Btry. C #11346 Escort Carrier Sailors & Airmans Assn 581st AAA AW Bn., C Btry. (WWII) 805th TD Bn., Co. C #10991 97th Signal Bn. (WWII) #16584 (ECSAA) NATIONAL #22100 #26641 813th TD Bn., C Co. (WWII) #15817 98th Chem Composite Co. WWII 50th An- FASRON 114 (1949/52) KOREA #12413 592nd Engr. Boat & Shore Bn. (Admiralty 818TH TD BN. #20952 niv #15697 Gamewardens Of Vietnam Nat'l Assn

Is. 1944) #12113 81st Inf Div. "Wildcats Assn" Eastern Chap 98th Chem. Mortat Bn. (VflWII) #12461 #12537 593rdEB&SR, ACo. #10128 #15974 98th Inf. Div., 389th Rgt., F Co. #15967 Hurricane Hunters, lnc.VPB-1 14,VPW 594th EB & S Bn., HQ Co. #2071 81st Inf, Div. "Wildcats" WWII #12340 99th Chem. Mortar Bn./442nd AA #15752 3,VPM-3,VX-4,VP(HL)-3,VP-23,VJ- 594th EB & S Rgt, Co C #12544 81st Inf. Div, 322nd Rgt, C Co. "Wildcat 9th Armd. Div., 3600th QM Trk. Co. 2,VW-4#10209 59th Engr. Const. Co. (1951/53) #22902 Div" WWII #10925 #12631 JAX-NAV-AIR VN-11/12/13/14/15/16 - 5th Eng. Rgt., 1276th Eng. (C) Bn. (WWII) 81st Inf. Div. Assn. "WILDCATS" (Western 9th Inf. Div. (WWII/TX SW Chapter) (1940-45) #10295 #12344 Chptr. WWI-WWII) #20950 #16291 LCI (G) 580 #10182 5th Eng. Rgt., 1278th Eng. (C) Bn. (WWII) 81st Inf. Div., 317th FA Bn., HQ Btry. 9th Inf. Div. Assn. (WWII) #11124 LCI (R)31,&LCI (R) 34 #11072 #12346 #15730 Army Otter & Caribou Assn. #16682 LCS (L) 1-130 National Association 5th Eng. Rgt., 5th Eng. (C) Bn. (WWII) 822nd Tank Destroyer Bn. (WWII) #15247 ASA: 328th Commun. Recon. Co. #30084 #12347 829th Signal Corp Co ( N Africa) (1952/55) #16706 LCS (L) 128 (1944/46) #17456 5th Engr. (C) Bn,, A Co. (Germany- #12532 ASA: 3rd RRU (Phu Bai, Hue & Saigon) LCS(L) 53 #21687 1951/53) #15952 832nd Sig. Ser. Bn. #14071 #14092 LCS (L) 61 #22549 602nd Comouflage Engr. Bn. #16635 836th Engr. Avn. Bn. #10973 ASA: 8604th Field Station, Eritrea LCS(L) 80 #17711 607th OBAM Bn. (WWII) #22723 83rd Inf. Div., 329th Rgt., F Co. #30041 (1953/56) #11286 LCS (L)'s National Assn. #18234 609th QM Graves Registration #14232 842nd Avn Engr. Bn. #16294 ASA: 8609th Fid. Sta. Assn. (Phillipines) LCS-15 #14379 60th Artillery, 4th Bn. Vietnam #12566 851st Avn. Engr. Bn #14884 #11623 LSM National Assn. #18552 60th Engr. (C) Bn. Assn. #16615 854th Engr. Avn. Bn. "Spearheaders" ASA: 8611th #12486 LSM-1 43 #12621 611th OBAM Bn. #10257 #16563 ASA: HO, ASAPAC (1946/52) #12046 LSM-16 (WWII) #28344 612th QM Bakery Bn., 1 56/1 57/1 58/1 59th 85th Evac Hosp (Qui Nhon, S Vietnam ASA: Vint Hill Reunion #17289 LSM-289 #18333 Cos. #15602 1965-1966) #12560 Base X Motor Command Manila P.I. LSM-382#11312 625th Engr., L.E. Co. #11060 85lh Inf. Div., 337th Rgt., 3rd Bn. #10425 1945/46 #12557 LSM-9 ASSN #22601 626th L.E. Engrs 1943/Present #12542 85lh Inf. Div., 85th Ren. Trp. #23106 Camp Atlanta (NE WWII) #12650 LST Assn of the U.S. (WWII To Present) 62nd Ami'd FA Bn. Assn. #11245 861st Eng Avn Bn WWII #12591 Camp Fannin Trainees & Cadre (1943/45) #10756 62nd Signal Bn, Co. B Assn. #22198 869th AAA AW Bn., HO Btry. (Hawaii) #10798 LST-1081 (USS Pima County, WWII, Ko- 631st TD Bn. #10667 #16360 CBI War Dog Det. (WWII) #16573 rea) #12628 63rd Inf. Div. Assn. #10335 874th A/B Engrs #21276 Dusters, Quads & Searchlight Units (Delta LST-1 175 #13001 63rd Inf. Div., 253rd Rgt., F Co. (WWII) 875th A/B Engrs #21117 to DMZ) #20753 LST-225 #12615 #14111 88th QM Bn. (India, WWII) #12629 Nat'l Counter Intell. Corps Assn. #10935 LST-271 #22732 643rd Tank Destroyer Vets Assn. 50th An- 892nd Ord., HAM Co. (WWII/Korea) Trinidad P.O.W. Camp: All Units (1941/46) LST-460 #17593 niv #15820 #16243 #22906 LST-478 #18186 643RD TD Bn. #20771 894TH Tank Destroyer Bn #20992 WAC: Women's Army Corps Vets Assn. LST-48 WWII #12616 648th Topo. Engr. Bn. (Vmil) #12515 8th Inf. Div., 13th Rgt., 1st Bn., HQ & HO #15278 LST-5#11157 65th AAA Gun Bn., B Btry. (Okinavifa Co. (1963/65) #12365 WOFWAC 63-1 W #14345 LST-528 #22819 1952/53) #16043 916th Med. Amb. Co. #10293 LST-54 #12510 65th Inf. Div. Assn. (Camp Shanks, Shel- 91st Cavalry Ren Sq #16177 LST-603 #18088 by, Lucky Strike, Inns River WWII) 91st Chem. Mtr. Bn. #16395 LST-621 Assn. #17753 #12207 91st Inf. Div. Assn. 50th Annv. #16098 Navy LST-623 #12363 65th Inf. Div. Assn. (Rhineland, Central 91st Inf. Div., 347th FA Bn., C Btry. WWII LST-656 #21989 Eur. WWII) #10922 #20173 LST-700 #20680 666th FA Bn #12590 92nd Inf Div Assn #21284 110th NCB #18030 LST-729 WWII #12531 668th Med Clearing Co #12606 932nd FA Bn, WWII #14366 115th NCB Seabee Veterans of America LST-741 #30113 672nd Amphib Trac Bn #13866 93rd Cav. Recon Sq.13th Arm'd Div (WWII) #17946 LST-743#11145 674th Sig. AW Co. (Spec) #10379 #15562 116th NCB #17577 LST-751 (PTO 1944/46) #11612 67th AA Gun Bn., C Btry. (WWII) #10717 940th FA Bn. (WWII) #13003 117th NCB #12654 LST-825 #21031 67th AAA Gun Bn., C Btry. #14147 957th FA Bn. (WWII) #16128 143rd NCB, Adv. Base Const. Dpt. #17853 LST-874 #18132 6834th/2674th Re-Amnament Rgt. #12426 96th Chem. Mtr.Bn #15226 16th NCB #17436 LST-907 #17876 692nd TD Bn. #15601 974th Engr. Maint. Co. #16308 17th NCB / 120th NCB (WWII) #18181 LST-937 #20354 69th Ami'd Div. (Past & Present) #12212 97th Gen. Hospital (WWII) #20637 23rd NCB (WWII) #18345 LST-938 #12651 69th Gen. Hospital (Lido, India) #16194 97th Inf. Div., 303rd Rgt., 1st Bn., HQ Co. 25th NCB Spec. #17984 LST-946 USS Fort Defiance #12500 69th Inf. Div., 461st/W\ Bn. #12343 #10285 28th NCB Spec. #18212 LST-979- (WWII) #10135 69th Inf. Div., 661st TD Bn. #12341 97th Inf. Div., 303rd Rgt., Anti-Tank Co. 295th JASCO #11193 Manicani Island SRB: Philpns (Incl. 69th Inf. Div., 777th Tank Bn. #12342 (WWII) #16321 29th NCB #18166 91/96th NCBs & 478th AAA-1 945/46) 69th Inf. Div., 880th FA Bn., HQ Btry. Assn 97th Inf. Div., 303rd Rgt., D Co. #11160 31st NCB (Spec) #16953 #21803 #15671 31st NCB WWII #12575 MATS VRS-2/3/7/8/22 & Nat Wings 69th Recon. Troop WWII #16720 4th NCB Spec. 50th Anniv #22903 #11126 69th Signal Bn. (WWII) #16674 53rd NCB #14487 MCB-1 #21092 For free help in arranging travel 6th Helicopter/1 50th Trans. Maint. Co. 62nd NCB #18462 MCB-1 2 1968-69 25th Reunion #13863 lodging for #11295 and reunions and 63rd NCB (WWII) #10755 MCB-12 Seabees Assn. Inc. #10742 6th Inf. Div., 1st FA Bn., C Btry. #21848 other occasions, call; 6th Beach Bn. (Other Beach Bns. Wel- MCB-9 #17905 701stTankBn. (WWII) #11393 come) #14869 Motor Torp. Boat Bases 7&16 #15930 70th Inf. Div. #13005 6th Naval Beach Bn. (Normandy D-Day) NAAS Edenton-Chowan Municipal Airport 71 0th Tank Bn. #16393 VEISTRAVEL #22323 50th Anniv #12534 716th MP (Vietnam) #14163 (800)4US-VETS 72nd NCB (WWII) #11362 NAS Kaneohe Bay, "Kaneohe Klippers" 71st Cml. Mort. Bn./479th AAA AW Bn. 76tti NCB (WWII) #10718 (Oahu 1939/50) #18583 #15375 (800)487-8387 90th NCB #18036 NAS Twin Cities (Minnesota) #10261 720th MP Bn. Assn (All Eras) - #10481 WEEKDAYS, 9Af^5PM CST 95th NCB #10773 NASWF, Albuquerque, NM (1953-57) 728th MP Bn, Co A (Korea) #16274 98th NCB WWII #12605 #18273 735th Railway Oper. Bn. #15649 ACORN-12 WWII #12607 Nat'l. CPO Assn. (Navy/CG) #14476 • Free, specialized 746th Engr. (H) Shop Co. #12146 ACORN-34 #17957 NATS (Officers & Pilots) #10373 service for veterans. 747th Tnk. Bn., Co. A #12638 ACORN-45(Sangley Point NAB) #14382 NATS Inc. #12582 750th Tank Bn, A Co #12613 •Lowest U.S. airfares AG-19 WWI #12585 NAVAL CRYPTOLOGIC VETS ASSN. 753rd Tank Bn. #10457 •Discount lodging Air Group 19 #12561 #21099 760th FA Bn. Assn. #20860 Armed Guard: Ceaser Rodney (1943) Warfare School-Yorktown 762nd Tank Bn WWII #12375 #20282 VEISTRAVEL. a new service #12627 Va.(1942-1958) 773rd TD Assn. #15680 Armed Guard: USS Stomies/Warrington/ Naval Mine Warfare Test Sta. (Solomons from VETS, negotiates the buy- 778th Tank Bn. - (WWII) #1 1109 Vogelgesang/Steinaker/Grand Canyon Is., MD 1942/47) #12056 ing power of over 10,000 mili- 780th FA Bn. (Korea) #10349 #18587 NTC Norfolk, Boot Camp Rn. 185 (August tary reunion groups with airlines 788th MP Bn, D Co. WWII #11068 ASA: Det. V, Unit 10 #12653 1941) #14704 hotels directly veter- 78th Inf. Div., 309th Rgt., G Co #12558 and to get Assn. of Minemen: Active, Reserve, Re- NTC : FT "A" School Staff 78th Inf. Div., 310th Rgt., B Co. #15466 ans and their families the lowest tired. #18086 #12647 78th Signal Co. #15719 rates possible. CASU-54, NAS Fallon, NV #22581 PCEC-873 #10515 792nd AAA AW Bn. - (WWII) #16103 CBMU-510/CBMU-121 #11689 Please turn page

JULY 1993 53 **VETS**

RTC Great Lakes: Co. 831 (1945) #12482 USS Everglades AD-24 #14595 USS Nanwhal SSN-671 #18231 USS Woodford AKA-86 (WWII) #17691 Seabees of America #21902 USS Execute AIVI-232 #10036 USS Nashville CL-43 #18264 USS WOODROW WILSON SSBN-624 Shanghi Personnel #18637 USS Fair (DE-35) #22829 USS Newberry APA-1 58 #12598 #21243 Special Weapons Unit Assn. #12652 USS Floyd B. Parks DD-884 #10572 USS Newman K. Perry DD-883 #14477 USS Yukon AF-9 (WWII) #18594 Veterans Nat'l Assn #12526 USS Franklin CV-13#17889 USS North Carolina BB-55 Assn. #17623 V-12/V-5 Pgm.: Westem Michigan Univer- UDT-12#21694 USS Gage APA-1 68 #14545 USS Northampton CA-26/CIC-1/CC-1 sity (1943/45) #28409 UDT-13 (WWII) #14573 USS Gainard DD-706 #21 1 70 (1930-70) #18301 VA-728/VA-155 (Korea) #18460 UDT-17#12453 USS Gandy DE-764 #22836 USS Omaha CL-4 #10475 VAA/FA-146 "Blue Diamond" Officers (All US Navy Band Alumni Assn. #10047 USS General Harry Taylor APA-145 USS Ommaney Bay CVE-79 & VC-75 Eras) #12432 USN Salvage Divers Reunited #18347 #21511 #11222 VAH-21 Project Trim VO-67 #12589 USNAB Bremerhaven, Germany - (1951- USS George DE-697 #14663 USS Oracle AM-103#21119 VC-7 (1950-56) #23033 54) #18671 USS Gladiator AM-31 9 #21 909 USS PasigAW-3 #18384 VC-92 #11626 USS ABSD-1 #21185 USS Gold Star AG-12 Pre-WWII USS Paul Hamilton DD-590 #18010 VJ-1 #21633 USS ABSD-2 #10453 Navy & Marines. #18532 USS Penguein M-33 #13795 VP-8A/PML-8/VP-201 "Patrol Sq. 8 Alumni USS Alcona AK-1 57 #12567 USS Goshen APA-1 08 #18373 USS Phelps DD-360 #18167 Assn." #12648 USS American Legion APA-17 (WWII) USS Gosper APA-170 #18670 USS Pierce APA-50 (WWII) #21830 VP/VPB-18#17874

#17983 USS Great Sitkin AE-1 7 (1 951/55) #1 1 596 USS Pine Island AV-12 Assn. #18457 VPB-1 17 #21299 USS Amsterdam CL-101 #18480 USS Greenling SS-213/SSN-614 #12640 USS Princeton CV-37/LPH-5 Assn #14689 VPB-1 27 #17539 USS Amycus ARL-2 #17717 USS Gridley DD-380 #17734 USS Putnam DD-757 1950/54 #12612 VPB-1 33 #12527 USS Andromeda AKA-15 (WWII) #17339 USS LPH-7 (1963/65 Inc USS Quick DD-490/DM-532 #14564 VPB-25 #22144 USS Anthedon AS-24 (WWII) #17401 Mar) Plankwoners #20975 USS Radford DD/DDE-446 #14464 VS-721 #18204 USS Anthony DD-515 #21812 USS Gudgeon SS-567 #12559 USS Ramapo AD-12 (1919/1946) #17682 VT-(N)-91 (Night Squadron 91) USS Ardent AH/l-340 (WWII) #17607 USS Guest DD-472 #18197 USS Randolph CV/CV/VCVS-15 #17875 #20239 USS Astitabula AO-51 (Plankowners USS Gwin DM-33/DD-433 All Years USS Randolph CVS-15 (Gunners Mates YMS-270 #12281 1943/49) #23111 #18631 1963/66) #12564 YMS-369 1943/47 #10555 USS Atlanta CL-104/51 Assn. #12360 USS Hale DD-642 #21194 USS Register APD-92/DE-233 #17899 YMS-454 1944/45 #12603 USS AulickDD-569 #11243 USS Half Moon AVP-26 #14470 USS Reid DD-369 #17653 USS Baham AG-71 Assn #11181 USS Hamlin AV-15 (WWII) #20585 USS Revenge AM-1 10 #17381 USS Bairoko CVE-1 15 Assn #17366 USS Hank DD-702 #18155 USS Richard P. Leary DD-664 #28287 USS Beale DD/DDE-471 #18516 USS Harold J. Ellison DD-864 #14656 USS Robert E. Lee SSBN-601 (Blue Air Force USS Beatty DD-640/DD756 (1941/43) USS Harry Lee APA-1 0 #22586 Crew) #11419 #17553 USS Hermitage LSD-34 #21218 USS Robert H. McCard DD-822 #10720 USS Begor APD-127 #10048 USS Highlands APA-119 #21951 USS Roy O. Hale DE/DER-336 #10740 1503rd Mil. AirTms. Svc, 1503rd AirTms. USS Benevolence AH-13 #17450 USS Holder DD/DDE-819/DE-401 #10026 USS Saginaw Bay Assn CVE-82, VC-78 Wing(Handeda AFB Japan 1950/54) USS Bergall SS-320/SSN-667 #11046 USS Hornet Club Inc. - (CV-8/12/CVA- &VC-88 #10325 #20394 USS Biloxi CL-80 #21200 12/CVS- 12) #17950 USS Salisbury Sound AV-13 #17938 1710TH Sig Serv Co, 421st Sig Co Avn (N USS Bingtiam APA-225 #1 1694 USS Hovey DMS-1 1/DD-208 #12649 USS Salt Lake City CA-25/SSN-716 Assn. Africa, Italy) #21584 USS Birmingham CL-62 #18510 USS Hugh L. Scott AP-43 (WWII) #22378 #11775 17th Bomb Wing, K-9, K-1 "Black Knights" USS Bogue CVE-9 (WWII) #17945 USS Huse DE-145 Assn. #18453 USS Samuel S. Miles DE-183 #17961 Assn. (Korea) #15033 USS Bonne Homme Richard CV/CVA-31 USS Inch DE-146 Assn. #10790 USS Sanders DE-40 #17712 19th TC Sq. Southern Cross Ainwys Assn. (Incl. Air Grps.) #18065 USS Intrepid CVA-CVS-11 & Sq (1943/74) USS Saratoga CV-3/CV-60/CVA-60 (WWII) #16852 USS Bosque APA-135 #12525 50th Anniv, #30083 #17906 1st Airccatt Assembly Sq. #12517 USS Boyle DD-600 #21697 USS Jicarilla ATF-104 #18147 USS Satyr ARL-23 #11672 29th Bomb Grp (Guam) #13859 USS Bradford DD-545 #17939 USS Jiccard DE-355 #13865 USS Sea Cat SS-399 (After WWII) #18575 330th Bomb Grp. Assn (Guam) #21842 USS Bright DE-747 #10817 USS Jobb DE-707 #11324 USS Sebec AO-87 50th Anniv #12604 339th Ftr. Sq.: Japan (1947/58) #10707 USS Burleigh APA-95 (WWII) #18508 USS John Paul Jones DD-932/DDG-32 USS Senate ARL-26 #10144 344th Bomb Grp. Assn. #15010 USS Bush DD-529 #18237 #11231 USS Sepulga AO-20 #18183 3450th Tng. Sq. (Adm) #10005 USS Cabot CVL-28 (Incl. Air Squadrons USS Juneau Assn (CL-52 CLAA-119 USS Sequatchie AOG-21 #17757 348th Ftr. Grp. 341st FTR Sq #20167 1943/57) #11081 LPD-10) #21777 USS Sevier APA-233 #10782 3641st Maint. Sq. (Laredo AFB) #15048 USS Carter Hall LSD-3 #21839 USS Kadashan Bay CVE-76/VC-20 Assn USS Shelton DD-790 #10477 38th Com. Sq. ( 1951/55) #12522 USS Caswell AKA-72 #12602 #18035 USS Shields DD-596 WWII #12597 3rd Air Commando Grp. #12625 USS Catfish SS-339 #12596 USS Kasan Bay CVE-69 #1 1519 USS Shubrick DD-639 (WWII) #17881 3rd Hosp. Grp., 7510th Hospital - (Wim-

USS Cavalier APA-37 1 946/68 #20334 USS Kleinsmith APD-134 (All years.incl. USS Simpson DD-221 #22039 pole Pk, ) #15058 USS Charles H Roan DD-853 #18359 UDT) #1 7978 USS Skirmish AM-303 #12420 417th Ftr.Bomb Sq. (Hahn AFB 1953/56) USS Chehalis AOG-48 #18354 USS KoinerDE-331 #18033 USS Solace AH-5 #17958 #11382 USS Chevalier DD/DDR-805 #17575 USS Kretchmer DE 329/DER #10433 USS AKA-66 #12624 438th TC Reunion #21 144 USS Chickasaw ATF-83 #10324 USSKukui (1946/48) #12459 USS Southern Seas PY-32 #21398 43rd MR & R Sq. #15171 USS Chilton APA/LPA-38 (Inc IWIarines) USS Kwajalein CVE-98 (WWII) #17423 USS Spangenberg DE-223 #10253 460th Tac. Recon. Wing (Ton Son Nhut 1942/72 #22840 USS Lacerta AKA-29 #10397 USS Spica AK-1 6 #20682 Air Base, Vietnam) #11742 USS Christopher DE-100 #14386 USS Lackawanna AO-40 #10704 USS Stentor ARL-26 #13861 46th/89th/305th Dpt. Rpr. Sqs. #15037 USS Cimarron AO-22 (1939/69) #18650 USS Lansdale DD-426 #14874 USS Stephen Potter DD-538 #17310 525th Ftr. Intrcpt. Sq. (Bitburg Germany) USS Cleveland CL-55 (Incl. Marines) USS LaPorte APA-151 #10262 USSStraub DE-181 #18295 #14792 #10450 USS Leedstown AP-73 #13787 USS Suamico AO-49 #28307 547th Ammo Supply Sq #18613 USS Colonial LSD-18 #14615 USS Leedstown APA-56 Assn #18353 USS Sutter County / LST-1150 1967/68 556th Strategic Missle Sq. #12572 USS Conner DD-582 #21 149 USS Leo AKA-60 / USS Muliphen AKA-61 #12600 56th/512th/514th Weather Recon. Sqs. USS Coontz DLG-9 #22108 (WWII) #23010 USS Sylvania AFS-2/AKA-44 (WWII-Pre- #14013 USS Corry DD-463 #21157 USS LEONARD WOOD APA-1 2 #20979 sent) #11206 618th AC & W, Miho AFB, Japan 1950/52 USS Coniand APA-75 (WWII) #17649 USS Leutze DD-481 #21538 USS Talamanca AF-15 #21346 #12587 USS Cottle APA-1 47 #11907 USS Little Rock CL-92/CLG-4/CG-4, Inc USS Tamalpais AO-96 #12617 674th S.A.W. Co Spec #1 2533

USS Cowell DD-547 #21165 Marines #14607 USS Tattnall DD-1 25/APD-1 9 #1 1 1 73 6th Weather Sq. (Mobile) All Members USS Crescent City APA-21 #18491 USS Loeser DE-680 (WWII) #1 1442 USS Teton AGC-14 (Inc Mar & Army Det) #15051 USS Culebra Island ARG-7 #17699 USS Lynx AK-100 #12601 #15144 735th AC&W Sq. (Fr. 1954/56) USSCummings DD365 #18003 USS Maddox DD-731/622 #17411 USS Thadeus Parker DE-369 #21366 #11432 USS Currier DE-700 #1 1053 USS Makassar Strait CV-91/CVE-91 USS The Sullivans DD-537 #17869 737th AC&W Sq. (Fr. Morracco 1953/54) USS Damon H. Cummings DE-643 #23094 USS Theenim AKA-63 #12562 #20345 (1944/46) #12003 USS Manchester CL-83 Inc Mar Det USS Thomas Jefferson APA-30 #10413 7499th Spt. Grp. #21608 USS Dauphin APA-97 #10238 #17930 USS Topeka CL-67 #17582 7th Photo Recon. Grp. (Mt. Farm, Eng.) USS David W. Taylor DD-551 #17770 USS Mattaponi AO-41 #17962 USS Topeka CLG-8 1959/70 (Inc Mar) #10597 USS DeGrasse AP-164/AK-223 #17550 USS Maurice J. Manuel DE-351 #21820 #17482 8075th Sig Air Grp, Liason Co. Korea USS Deimos AK-78 (WWII) #22794 USS McCloy FF/DE-1038 #14408 USS Tuscana AKN-3 #22701 #12609 USS Denver CL-58 Assn. #18580 USS Medusa AR-1 #17766 USS Twiggs DD-591 #12620 81st Ftr. Grp., 93rd Ftr. Sq. #15007 USS Des IWIoines CA-134 #18590 USS Megrez AK-126 #10638 USS Tyrrell AKA-80 #14469 81st Tac. Fgtr. Wing (Bentwaters England) USS Detroit CL-8 #17462 USS Mertz DD-691 #17470 USS Underbill DE-682 #17325 #12579 USS Dextrous AM-341 WWII, KOREA USS Miami CL-89 50th Anniv #10943 USS Vincennes CA-44/CL-64/CG-49 90th Bomb Grp. (H) "Jolly Rogers" #10462 #20408 USS Midway CV/CVA-41 Assn. #22734 #18257 925th Avn. Engrs. HO Co. #15022 USS Dixie AD-14: Supply Department USS Minivet AM-371 #11496 USS Virgo AKA-20/AO-30 #10369 94th Civil Eng Assn. #10365 (1959-62) #11550 USS Mobile CL-63 (Including Marines) USS Waike DD-723 #18324 AACS Alumni #12641 USS Draco AK-79 #12599 50th Anniv #18011 USS Wasatch AGC-9 #18666 Air Rescue Assn. (Including Army Air USS Drake AK-79 #12611 USS Monssen DD-436 1940/42 #1 1 186 USS Wasp CV/CVA/CVS-18 (Marines incl. Force) #15115 USS Drayton DD-366 #18560 USS Monssen DD-798 (WWII & Korea) 1943/72) #18682 Alliance Airbase 50th Anniv #12529

USS Durham LKA-1 1 4 #1 2595 #17420 USS William C. Cole DE-641 #20579 Basic Tmg. Fit. 3223 (Lackland AFB 1948) USS Eaton DD/DDE-510 #12282 USS Montpelier CL-57 Assn. West Coast USS William P. Biddle APA-8 (WWII) #21437 USSEberle DD-430#11125 Chapter. #17788 #18097 Ellington AFB Navigators & Observers USS Ellyson DD-454/DMS-19 #18323 USS Montrail APA-312 #14590 USS Windsor APA-55 (1 943/45) #1 21 53 Assn. #12577 USS Escambia AO-80 (WWII) #21414 USS Morris DD-417#21285 USS Winooski AO-38 #16312 Please turn page

54 THE AMERICAN LEGION 1

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Pilot Class 50-G #15104 339th Ftr. Grp. (WWII) #21845 482nd Bomb Grp. ,Sta. 1 02; niv #22753 Ramey AFB High School (70'S ALUMNMI 33rd Air Dpt. Grp. #16769 36th,812th,813th,814th Sq.(Alconbury, Kingman Army Air Field (Kingman, AZ) ASSN.) #14018 341st Bomb Grp. (M), 22nd Bomb Sq. England/WWII) #16966 #16957 Security Police Assn. #15159 (CBI/WWII) #16756 487th Bomb Grp. (H) Assn. (AF Station Liberal Army Airfield (WWII) #14825 Wheelus AB (Tripoli 1948/51) #10676 342nd AirSerSq #12411 137, Lavenham England, WWII) #10463 McCook AAF Base (Military/Civilians) 344th Sen. Sq. #16915 491st Bomb. Grp. (H) (Eng. WWII) #16945 #10027 354th Fir. Grp. Assn. (353rd, 355th, 493rd Bomb. Grp. Memorial Assn. #10850 North African Div.Air Transport Command 356th Sqdns.) #15136 49th Ftr Grp Assn. Hq. Sq./Ftr. Ctrl. Sq. & (1943/46) #22291 Army Air Force 356th Ftr. Grp. Assn. #21629 7/8/9thFtr. Sq. #16929 OV-1 Mohawk Assn #2291 362nd Ftr. Grp. Assn. (WWII) #14743 50th Air Base Grp. (WWII) #1 2646 Pampa Army Airfield #18707 367th Ftr. Grp. Assn., 392nd/393rd/394th 51st TC Wing HQ Sq (WWII) #16812 Pilot Class 42-E & F (Santa Anna) #21048 112th Liaison Sq. #12163 Ftr. Sqs. #16876 52nd Ftr. Grp., 4th Ftr #12540 Pilot Class 42-X (Randolf Fid.) #16774 114th Avn. Co., "Knights of the Air" Assn 376th Bomb Grp. (H) Assn. #10467 58th Bomb Wing (China/lndia/) Pilot Class 43-H (George Field) #16777 (Vietnam/Panama) #14099 382nd Air Serv Grp, 598th Eng Sq. #16776 Pilot Class 43-K (Moody Field, GA) 11th Bomb Grp, Pacific Theater WWII #12520 595th S.A.W. Co A, 5th Platoon #12546 #12588 #12574 388th Bomb Grp. (H) Assn. #10378 5th Photo Grp, 32nd Photo Recon sq. Italy Pilot Class 45-B Luke Field,Az #28351

12th Bomb Grp., 434th Bomb Sq. #22750 38th Air Depot Grp., Repair Sq #21841 1944/45 #12610 Pilot Class 45-C (Marfa TX) #1 1 51 13th (Jungle) AF Veterans Assn #22748 390th Bomb Grp. (WWII) #10469 64th TC Grp. #10141 Tulln Air Base (Vienna, Austria) #30024 13th AF (WWII) #14574 39th Troop Carrier Sq. (WWII, SW PAC, 65th TC Sq. (5th AF: 433rd TCG-WWII) 14th AF Assn. "Flying Tigers" #15128 Cold War Europe) #15184 #15004 14th AF Assn. (NE Wing, Flying Tigers) 3rd Photo Recon Sq. (WWII) #20260 6th AF (Panama 1942/46) #16990 #11447 3rd Strat. Air Dpt. (Watton, England WWII) 780th BombSq (H) #12622 1886th Engr. Avn. Bn. #1 1 1 10 #16803 7th AF: Finance Office (Hickam Field Marines 1st BAD, 21st Air Dpt. Grp. (England 40th Bomb Grp./28th Serv. Outfit (WWII) Hawaii WWII) #12580 42/45) #16744 #11128 84th Depot Repair Sqdn #13864 1st SAD (Strat. Air Dpt.,Honington 421st/1710th Sig. Co. Bn.. (N.Afr., ETO 896th Sig. Avn Dep Co. #10688 10th Defense (AA) Bn WWII #17080 AB,Eng. WWII) #16840 1943/45) #30012 926th Signal Bn. Sep. TAC (ETO WWII) 12th Defense Bn. #17139 20th Air Dpt Grp, Hq & Repair Sq #12619 42nd Bomb Grp., 390th Bomb Sq. #16851 #10208 16th Defense Bn. 5inch Coastal Artillery 20th Ftr. Grp Assn. (All Sqs. WWII) 42nd Ser Sq. WWII #12555 927th Signal Bn. SEP (TAC/ETO WWII) (1942/45) #17195 #12584 433rd TC Grp., 67th TC Sq. (WWII) #21524 1st Amphibious (DUKW) Co. Korea 22nd Air Base Grp., 478th Serv. Sq., 30th #14854 Air Mech. Class 3-43 (Embry-Riddle Avia- #12556 Mat. Sq. (1942/45) #16998 433rd TC Grp., 70th TC Sq. #12530 tion) #23100 1st Mar. Div. Assn. #10848 23rd Photo Reconn. Sq. #22705 436th TC Grp., 80th TC Sq. #12573 Ardmore Army Airfield #17963 1st Mar. Div., 5th Rgt., 1st Bn., Baker Co. 2nd BAD Assn. #16987 456th Bomb Sq. (M), 323rd Bomb Group ATC: 1103rd AAFBU (Morrison Field FL (WWII & Korea) #20433 305th Airdrome Sq. #16860 #10464 1945/46) #12657 1st Mar. Div., 5th Rgt., 3rd Bn. (Korea 30th Bomb Grp. (VH) Assn. #12513 45th HQ & HQ Sq./8th Air Serv. Sq. ATC: North African Div 1943/46 #13862 1950/53) #17203 30th Bomb Grp. Assn. (WWII) #16829 (WWII) #16855 Cadet Class 44-C #12637 Please turn to page 66

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JffFERSON Thomas Jefferson: In His Own Words Continuedfrom page 38

"I am for a government rigorously frugal and simple."

"Were we directed from Washington when to sow, and when to reap, France, wrote to urge that it not be rati- we should soon want bread." fied unless a bill of rights was append- ed ensuring freedom of press, speech, "There is a natural aristocracy among men. The grounds of this are assembly and religion. virtue and talent."

"Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without "I have never been able to conceive how any rational being could newspapers or newspapers without a propose happiness to himself from the exercise of over others." government," he wrote, "I should not power hesitate to prefer the latter." "Never suffer a thought to be harbored in your mind which (%ars later, as a victim of press at- you would not avow openly When tempted to do anything tacks, Jefferson became more cynical. in secret, ask yourself if you would do it in public. If you "Perhaps an editor might begin a refor- would not, be sure it is wrong." mation in some such way as this," he proposed in 1807. "Divide his paper in- "If we can prevent the government from wasting the labors to four chapters, heading the 1st, of the people, under the pretense of taking care of them, Truths. 2nd, Probabilities. 3rd, Pos- they must become happy" sibilities. 4th, Lies. The first chapter short.") would be very "It is error alone which needs the support of government. Ironically, politics was to Jefferson a Truth can stand by itself" duty more than a source of enjoyment.

"Nature intended me for the tranquil "That government is the strongest of which every man feels pursuits of science, by rendering them himself a part." my supreme delight," he once wrote. "But the enormities of the times in "Love your neighbor as yourself, and your country more which I have lived have forced me to than yourself" commit myself on the boisterous ocean of political passions." Architecture, Jefferson said, was one of his greatest pleasures. His dream on his carriage to measure distances with a venting system, similar to mod- house, based on a neoclassical design between places and developed a code ern toilets. derived from ancient , sits atop device to keep diplomatic secrets. In matters of diet, he minimized one of the highest hills on his estate. Above all else, Jefferson wanted pas- meat and emphasized vegetables. "Jef-

He named it Monticello, Italian for sionately to understand nature. ferson," writes Wilson, "turns out to

"Little Mountain." Today it is one of "There is not a sprig of grass that have been something of a health-food the most admired houses in the world, grows uninteresting to me," he was prophet." visited by hundreds of thousands each fond of saying. He could recall the In affairs of state, Jefferson was a year. English and Latin names of many flow- risk-taker. As President he had to deal As Secretary of State in George ers and shrubs he encountered and with the piratical rulers of North Washington's first Administration, Jef- briefly discourse on each. "The greatest Africa's Mediterranean coast. Like ferson was also involved in the building service which can be rendered any Great Britain and France, the United of our nation's Capitol. He suggested it country," he declared, "is to add a use- States had paid protection money to de- be designed along classical Roman ful plant to its culture." ter hostage-taking. Terrorism had be- lines, setting a style echoed in govern- come so routine that fixed rates were ment architecture throughout the na- JEFFERSON collected fossils, includ- charged for different classes of tion. A decade later, as President, he ing the claws of a Prehistoric giant hostages —up to $4,000 for an ordi- even directed the planting of twin rows ground sloth and the bones of a nary passenger. of Lombardy poplars along Pennsylva- mastodon, an extinct relative of mod- Jefferson chose to send warships to nia Avenue. ern-day elephants. He was an influential bombard pirate seaports and launched Jefferson overflowed with enthu- early force in American paleontology. U.S. forces in a daring overland com- siasm for new technologies and kept At Monticello, millions of Amer- mando raid—to the shores of Tripoli obsessively busy from sunup to late at icans have seen evidence of Jefferson's on what is today Qaddafi's Libya. At- night. "He loved gadgets and informa- genius as a do-it-yourselfer. A weather tacks on American ships ceased in tion-gathering," says Douglas L. Wil- vane attached to a ceiling compass let 1805. son of Knox College in Galesburg, III. him know the wind's direction without At the beginning of Jefferson's first "If he were alive today, he would almost going outdoors. He designed storm term, Napoleon regained the Louisiana certainly be the ultimate computer windows for the house and installed Territory for France from Spain. In freak." dumbwaiters within the panels of his 1802, U.S. ships were blocked from de- He enjoyed skywatching with his fireplace to transport wine from the positing their goods at for telescope and gathered data on cellar. Most surprising to visitors in his transfer to ocean going vessels. eclipses. He put a newfangled odometer own time, he devised an indoor privy When Jefferson's diplomats offered

58 THE AMERICAN LEGION .

to purchase New Orleans, French for- poor could receive treatment at little or done for me," Jefferson explained. He eign minister Talleyrand asked if in- no cost, and smallpox vaccinations wished to be remembered openly for stead they wished to buy all of were free to all. "things I have done for the People." Louisiana. Jefferson had expected to Jefferson died quietly at 12:50 p.m. When admirers wanted to make his pay up to $10 million for the city of on the Fourth of July, 1826. He speci- birthday a holiday, Jefferson refused, New Orleans and some additional land. fied that only three things be listed on saying that only the Republic's birth- Instead, the Americans were offered his tombstone: Author of the Declara- day—the Fourth of July—merited such 828,000 square miles, a territory that tion of Independence, of the Statute of veneration. Though we have no official doubled America's area, for only $15 Virginia for Religious Freedom, and day to honor him, Thomas Jefferson million. A practical man, Jefferson Father of the University of Virginia. lives in the heart and mind of everyone consummated the bargain of the centu- No mention that he had been Presi- who reads or speaks or prays in free- ry in 1803. dent, Vice President, Secretary of dom. On the 250th anniversary year of State, governor of Virginia, member of his birth, we citizens of what he called PRESIDENT Jefferson moved bold- Congress, minister to France. These the Empire of Liberty salute the author ly in matters of style as well. He honors were "things the People have of that liberty was an aristocrat who championed the rights of common people—and his behavior as host reflected that attitude. Unlike Washington and John Adams, David Carradineffll he refused to bow when greeting guests, opting to shake hands. Teaches You If the food and wine served during his Administration were sophisticated, the tone Jefferson set was relaxed. 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Tai In one important respect, however, achieve total of years ago, Tai Chi is a gentle, low-impact Chi can help you harmony Jefferson seemed anchored firmly in workout designed to increase your mental body, mind and spirit. You can exercise his time. Not one day passed in Jeffer- and physical energy through a series of every day or whenever you like. An entire Tai Chi session takes less than an hour and son's adult life that he was not a slave- simple, stress-reducing exercises. These exercises are so easy, just about anyone the results are phenomenal. owner. How can that be reconciled with can do them. And you don't need special Order your copy today! his lifelong dedication to the rights of equipment! 58 IVlinutes. VHS, humankind? 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the enemy where you find them." INVASION! They found them on a hillside near Os- (lENERAL Dean an, 22 miles south of Seoul: a column Continuedfmm page 23 of North Korean infantry in trucks and 33 T-34 tanks. Continuedfrom page 23 The 400-plus troops of Task Force Born in Carlyle, 111., Dean at- Smith had little chance. "We just didn't was conducted in the name of the Unit- tended the University of Califor- have what we needed to do the job," ed Nations, but the U.N. had no force of nia where he got a commission as said one soldier. They found their its own. The United States and the second lieutenant in the Infantry bazookas were too light to do any dam- ROK assumed the primary burden of Reserve before joining the Regular age. "All we could do is scratch the the fighting. Army. In WWII, he commanded paint on the tanks and annoy the Truman ordered an evacuation of the 44th Inf. Div. in Germany and tankers," said a platoon leader. They Americans in Korea and authorized Austria and earned the Distin- were badly mauled by the enemy and Gen. MacArthur, in charge of all U.S. guished Service Cross among oth- finally ordered to withdraw, suffering forces in Asia, to send ammunition and er military honors. heavy casualties. military equipment from Japan and On July 2, 1950, after the sur- For two weeks, the inexperienced Okinawa to the South Korean forces. prise invasion, the 51-year-old 24th battled around Taejon, trading 100 On June 30, Truman committed U.S. Dean was called upon to lead miles and nearly 4,000 men to allow ground troops and ordered a naval green U.S. troops against the the 1st Cavalry Division and the 25th of the Korean coast. The North Koreans. Infantry Division to join die South Ko- same day, the British ordered their Far During fighting in Taejon's shat- reans and form a defensive perimeter Eastern Fleet to give aid. tered streets on July 20, Dean re- around the southeastern port of Pusan. President Truman —who did not peatedly fired his .45 at on-rush- Gen. Dean himself was captured af- have a congressional declaration of ing enemy tanks. "I wasn't silly ter a battle near Taejon and spent the war—said, "We are not at war." In an- enough to expect to do anything rest of the war as a prisoner. {For more swer to a press conference question, he with a pistol," he was to recall about Dean, see Page 23.) said it would be correct to call the years later. "That was just plain Lt. Gen. Walton H. Walker, com- fighting in Korea "a police action under rage and frustration —^just Dean mander of the Eighth Army, took the United Nations." losing his temper again and doing charge of the ground forces in Korea, Truman was to say later that his de- something foolish." under MacArthur, who had been cision to commit U.S. forces to Korea On that day, he was cut off from named Supreme United Nations Com- was to check Soviet desires of world his main force and wandered mander. domination, consistent with his policy around for a month dazed after The quick entrance of Eighth Army of containment of global communism. falling down a steep slope. He units in force, plus United Nations air "If the communists were permitted spent 20 days without food, and and naval power, blunted North Korean 26 to force their way into the Republic of was finally captured on Aug. hopes of a speedy conquest of all South Korea without opposition from the free his 24th wedding anniversary. Korea after breaking through the Han world," he was to explain, "no small Shortly after, he was reported River defenses south of Seoul. North nation would have the courage to resist missing in action—the North Ko- Korean supply lines, already stretched threats and aggression by stronger reans did not tell anyone he was a by their advance, were hard hit by U.S., communist neighbors." prisoner for more than a year. British and Australian planes. The ROK forces responded quickly, Dean was awarded the Medal of U.N. troops continued to come in but could do little to stem the advanc- Honor, the first one given in the through the Pusan port. Among them ing tide. They faced the invaders with Korean War. As the North Kore- were the 2nd Infantry Division, the 1st about 38,000 troops —undermanned, ans' prime prisoner of war, he un- Provisional Marine Brigade and the understrength and underequipped. The derwent severe grillings and British 27th Infantry Brigade. United 150 tanks of the North Koreans were threats of torture before his release Nations air power increased, striking Russian-built T-34s, and the South Ko- on Sept. 4, 1953. from aircraft carriers and bases in reans had little if anything able to stop After the war, he served as Japan. Mobile reserves were shifted them, neither effective bazookas nor deputy commander of the Sixth from one threatened area to another. anti-tank mines. Army in San Francisco. Dean The North Korean offensive was de- The ROK troops were unable to hold retired in 1955 after 32 years in die layed, but still threatened to drive U.N. back the offensive and retreated, often Army. He died in 1981. forces off the Korean peninsula alto- in disarray. gether. They were driving on Taegu just Seoul fell on Wednesday, June 28, northwest of Pusan at the beginning of the fourth day of the invasion. As the ly the 1st Battalion of the 21st Regi- September. South Korean forces retreated south, ment, was a hurriedly assembled force The allies had been shoved south- they left behind much of their equip- of two infantry companies and an ar- ward into a box on the southeast of the ment. tillery unit which were pulled with lit- mountainous peninsula. The beachhead Beginning on July 5, elements of the tle notice or preparation from occupa- had shrunk to an area roughly 50 miles U.S. Army's 24th Infantry Division, tion duty in Japan. Like the South Ko- wide and 70 miles deep. under the command of Maj. Gen. reans, they, too, were ill-prepared for a Yet, Gen. Walker proclaimed: "Our William F. Dean, were quickly flown major conflict. lines will hold." from Japan in an effort to delay the ad- Task Force Smith, named for its He would need help, however, deci- vancing North Koreans. commander, Lt. Col. Charles Bradford sive help. It was to come in a most dra- The 24th's Task Force Smith, actual- Smith, was sent out with orders to "stop matic way

60 THE AMERICAN LEGION ATTEMION VETEKAiVS! INCHON 27 Continuedfrom page Win Electric Mobility!

Kim II Sung to give up. Kim didn't re- spond. Two divisions of South Korean troops crossed the 38th parallel on Sun- day, Oct. 1, 1950. By mid-October, North Korean positions above Seoul were overrun by the U.S. 1st Cavalry and 24th Infantry divisions, the 1st ROK and the 27th British Brigade, aid- ed by an Australian battalion. U.N. forces had captured more than 55,000 prisoners by early October and were concentrating on North Korean guer- rilla activity in the south, while re- grouping north of the 38th parallel in an area that was to become known as the "Iron Triangle." On Oct. 20, after a two-day fight, the Eighth Army took Pyongyang and 3-Wheel to INDEPENDENCE headed north toward the Wu. When X Corps troops came ashore at Wonsan a few days later, the tide seemed to have in Comfort and Style! turned, and there was even talk of The Electric Mobility Rascal is designed to give you the mobility and "home by Christmas." independence you've dreamed of! The Rascal electric scooter gives you By now, MacArthur was nearing the superior reliability and comfort thanks to its innovative spring point beyond which only South Korean maximum troops were to be used. And there was suspension system and softly padded seat. evidence of Chinese "volunteer" troops And now you can win a Rascal FREE in our Sweepstakes! The Rascal Korea. crossing the border into North is a prize you'll use and enjoy EVERY DAY! It gives you the "instant mo- By November, American forces in bility" you need to shop, visit friends and travel - without depending on Korea had risen to include seven divi- others! Take your Rascal everywhere! The remarkable Rascal is POR- sions: the 2nd, 3rd, 7th, 24th and 25th TABLE! It even separates into compact sections that are guaranteed to fit ia infantry divisions, the 1st Cavalry Di- vision and the 1st Marine Division. the trunk of your car! The South Korean army had six divi- PLUS, the Rascal is... sions and other nations had units rang- ing in size from battalions to brigades. I Easy to use with "Just-One-Hand" steering! With these forces at his disposal on I A snap to refuel with a built-in battery charger! Nov. 24, MacArthur began what many I Backed by a Lifetime Frame Guarantee! people thought would be the final of- fensive in the defeat of North Korea. I Made with pride in the U.S.A.! Then came the Chinese horde, and For a Free Color Catalog, Sweepstakes Entry Form with them came an entirely new war. and Low Prices, Return the Coupon or Call Toll Free 1-800-662-4548! Ask about insurance reimbursement and requirements COMRADES IN DISTRESS for Veterans Administration purchases.

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77th Field Arty., 1st Cav. Joseph C. "Steak" Salisbury Address City needs witnesses to verify that while stationed at Camp Chltose, Hokkaido, Japan, In the summer of 1954, he hurt his back boxing and was taken to a State Zip Phone ( ) hospital. Contact CID 1198. Co. D, 1st Bn., 9th Marines, 1st Marine DIv. Peter J. Edelmayer needs witnesses to verify that while sta- Return coupon to: tioned at Camp Schwab, Okinawa, on Oct. 5, 1960, he hurt his back in a truck accident. Contact CID Electric Mobility, #1 Mobility Plaza, Dept. 4123, Sewell, NJ 08080 1197.

JULY 1993 61 held in mid-April. CHINESE ENTER The Eighth Army launched another offensive late in May as it advanced to- Continuedfmm page 30 Continued page 33 ward the "Iron Triangle" in central Ko- from

rea. On June 1, U.N. Secretary General Trygve Lie proposed a cease-fire along the 38th parallel —back where it all Seoul fell for a second time on Jan. began. Soviet Ambassador Yakov Malik ships stalked the coast, pouring shells 4, 1951, but U.N. lines held further also called for a cease-fire, and the into enemy territory Night and day for south, at Wonju. Lt. Gen. Matthew Chinese indicated a willingness to talk. nearly two years Allied warships hurled Ridgway, the new Eighth Army com- While preliminary talks were being shells at Wonsan, an important rail and mander (Gen. Walton Walker had been held at Kaesong, troops fortified their road junction. killed in a jeep accident), had made use positions on the battlefield. Throughout General Dwight D. Eisenhower, the

of air superiority and tactical strategy the summer of 1951, it became a strug- hero of World War II and D-Day, had to halt the enemy offensive by mid- gle to control ridges and hills, as both been elected the new President of the January sides attempted to improve their posi- United States in November with a cam- The U.N. forces then conducted a tions. paign promise that included going to counterattack officially called "Opera- But there would be two more Korea to end the war. tion Killer." They retook Suwon, In- years of talk, and two more years of He made the trip in secret in De- chon and the Kimpo airfield, followed fighting. cember. In three dramatic, action- by Seoul in mid-March and Chunchon. packed days, he viewed the war in per- They reached the 38th parallel in late son and returned with hope that his March and early April. By then, the journey would prod a peace agreement. Eighth Army and X Corps had re- He noted, realistically, that there was gained the same positions on either LIFE MEMBERSHIPS "much to be done." side of the border as they had in the be- Indeed, serious truce negotiations Life Membership notices are published for Legion- ginning. naires who have been awarded Life Memberships by their were not to resume until the end of MacArthur, seeing what he called posts. March 1953. In the meantime. Gen. Life membership notices must be submitted on official "an entirely new war" after the full forms which may be obtained by sending a self-addressed, Mark Clark had replaced Gen. Matthew commitment of the Chinese, had sought stamped envelope to: Life Memberships, The American Ridgway and Gen. James Van Fleet had Legion Magazine, P.O. Box 1055, Indianapolis, IN 46206 approval to take the war into China in retired, being replaced by Gen.

"hot pursuit" and attack the enemy W.N. Brandon, Lunda E. Brown, Theo S. Daniel III, Maxwell Taylor. Byron S. Deupree, Ratcllff B. Edwards, Herman C. "sanctuaries" in Manchuria. President Fancher, James G. Fulgham, Guy J. Landls, Barner Clark proposed an exchange of sick Truman and the United Nations allies, L. Lightfoot, Wilfred F. Meazell, Almus D. Mixon and wounded prisoners and the Chi- (1992) Post 173, Athens, TX however, feared Soviet military retalia- Isidro Gauna (1992) Post 132, Orange, CA nese agreed. The exchange began at tion and decided against MacArthur's Urbano B. Barcenas (1991), Manuel T. Antaran (1992) Panmunjom on April 20, and armistice Post 798, Stockton, CA wishes. Marcel SImoneau (1993) Post 2, Bristol, CT negotiations resumed a week later. MacArthur continued to make public Maurice F. Abell, James Turnbuli (1993) Post 35, The prisoner-of-war question was fi- Mount Dora, FL statements disagreeing with the politi- Silvio F. SplconardI (1991) Post 259, Orange City, FL nally resolved in June. It had been lan- cal decision. On April 11, Truman de- Joyce Hutchlngs (1993) Post 12, Roclcmart, GA guishing since the spring of 1952, Richard Harldn, Paul M. King, Dan R. Tometich (1993) cided the general had gone too far, and Post 562, Gumming, lA when the communists walked out of the he fired him. Robert J. Johnson (1965), Harry V. Shaffer (1983), peace talks after the International Red Orville A small brown envelope with "flash" E. Hucl

62 THE AMERICAN LEGION .

During the three years of war, 16 the uncertainty of South Korea's future. member-nations of the United Nations Another North Korean attack is never had armed units in action in support of KOREA TODAY far from the people's minds. Continuedfmm page 35 the the Republic of Korea. Over 90 per- They worry about a military strike cent of the ground forces were from the as North Korea becomes increasingly United States and South Korea, and half isolated and impoverished, while they or the remaining troops were from prosper. They worry about what will British Commonwealth nations. militarized zone that has separated happen after the death of Kim II Sung, A total of some 2.4 million soldiers them since the end of World War II. who has ruled North Korea since World were killed or wounded. The United Reunification of the peninsula remains War II. States counted 54,246 dead—33,629 of but a dream on both sides. And they worry about North Korea's those combat deaths —and 103,284 On the 5th of every month in Seoul, long-rumored program to develop nu- wounded. sirens wail, pedestrians run to shelters clear weapons. There still is no peace treaty be- and motorists pull to the side of the North Korea started building its tween the two Koreas. road. The drills remain testimony to third nuclear plant at %ngbyon in 1985. It is now the center of the nation's nu- clear facilities. North Korea also has withdrawn from the Nuclear Non-Pro- KOREAN MEMORIAL liferation Treaty, fostering suspicions Continuedfmm page 32 that it is indeed developing atomic weapons. to families of Korean War dead or For invitations to the family From another viewpoint, perhaps the missing. tribute, call (202) 783-4665 no lat- most intriguing change of all is the Among other scheduled events er than July 14. Banquet reserva- growing number of American veterans are a memorial service at Arling- tions and more information on of the war who are returning to Korea ton National Cemetery and a ban- other events may be obtained by for visits. GIs came back from the un- quet honoring Korean War veter- calling (518) 371-7816 or writ- popular war to the conservative Ameri- ans. Officials will unveil a paint- ing: the Korean War Veterans can society of the 1950s. Forty years ing commissioned by Coors Brew- Armistice Day Coordinating later, many of them are now retired and ing Co. to commemorate the 40th Committee, P.O. Box 7025, reflective, and they are revisiting anniversary. Alexandria, VA 22307. the killing fields to deal with their memories.

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JULY 1993 63 a

lowed in. Where do you stand on this? I'm convinced the Supreme Court THE LEGION'S POSITION Jl BARRY LYNN A. will see the light in the Lamb's Continuedfmm page 20 THE AMERICAN LEGION Chapel case and will say that this reaffirmed its support of afterschool activity in this public fo- prayer in public schools and public rum should include religious groups. gatherings last August at the 74th Pat Robertson's legal people are on the ligious prayer. And I do think that we National Convention in Chicago. same side as we are on this one. would be better served if this honoring Through resolutions 41 and 547, of our nation and its heritage was with- the Legion calls for an amendment 0. The fact that the Lamb^ Chapel out specific reHgious reference. to the U.S. Constitution that would case has gone to the Supreme Court permit voluntary prayer in public proves that the pendulum has swung Q. From your perspective, not schools. The also continues why Legion to the opposite extreme—government oppose the references to God on the to urge Congress to pass legislation officials are going out of their way to coins? to promote school prayer. inhibit the free exercise of religion. There are strong arguments for re- A Absolutely not. These are quirks. In > moving it. Those of us who are A the main, the problem is not that serious about religious practice are not right, we say they have done wrong. religious majorities are being perse- happy by the presence of a reference to cuted, it is that religious minorities are the deity in the same pocket as our Q. What's wrong with parents re- being ignored and that government used Kleenex. ceiving vouchers or credits so they support is too often going to religious I don't think that it affirms the spiri- can decide what school to send their majorities. tual nature of man or the spiritual as- children to, whether it be public, pri- Another important case before the pects of our country to have coins im- vate or parochial? Supreme Court involves the practice of printed with the phrase, "In God we We have no problem with school jl Santaria, which includes animal sacri- trust." H. choice in public schools. But as fice. It cheapens the very notion of re- soon as you give tax credits, tax deduc- The city of Hialeah, Fla., barred any spect for a deity But it has become so tions or vouchers, these offend the sacrifice of animals for religious pur- much a routine part of American cul- principle that taxpayers should not be poses, although you can still buy ture that I suspect what a court would forced to pay for anyone's religious Chicken McNuggets. It's absurd to say say is that it has lost all of its religious education. to a religious group that it cannot significance. butcher an animal but say nothing to a But to some, it doesn't matter if But the GI Bill gave a veteran the Q. fast-food store about butchering ani- things like this occur and lose religious chance to go to Notre Dame, for ex- mals for eating purposes. significance. ample? This was an effort to trample on the To those of us who take religion seri- There's a long line of Supreme 11 rights of this minority and largely mis- ously, it is disturbing that the popular Court that it that, A. cases make clear understood religious group. We've culture has embraced and degraded re- once you're involved in higher edu- come to their defense. ligious language. cation, there's a somewhat different The other important case is the Zo- standard for looking at the establish- brest case. This involves whether tax Q- Your group has been critical of ment clause and potential violations. dollars could be used to send an inter- the so-called religious right. I don't some of these places, such as And preter into a Catholic high school for a remember your organization oppos- Notre Dame in particular, are not en- deaf child. Again, we think that parents ing Rev. Martin Luther King and his tirely sectarian. Most of the religious have an absolute right to send their Southern Christian Leadership Con- schools, elementary and high school, child to such a religious school, but not ference. are pervasively sectarian. to expect the extra expenditure of tax I don't think we had any objection A dollars to translate religious doctrine. - to Rev. King promoting a civ- Q- Your bias in favor of public il rights agenda. We don't have any schools means that only the rich are problem with Pat Robertson promoting going to have the choice to send their his religious agenda throughout his reli- children to private or parochial gious broadcasting and political empire. schools. You're not bothered by that?

Where we draw the line is when I resent the implication that it's a Jl those groups fail to draw the line. A> bias. I'm simply saying that one has That's why we complained in 1988 a choice under our Constitution. Our when the Rev. Jesse Jackson was plan- Constitution does not guarantee that ning to raise money for his political everyone in America will have the campaign in America's churches — same opportunities financially I should so-called Super Sunday. Likewise, we point out that parents couldn't afford rejected the idea that a New York most of the private religious schools church could take out full-page ads under any of the choice plans. telling people not to vote for Bill Clinton. Q. In the Lamb^ Chapel case now When people violate the tax laws in before the Supreme Court, a public this country by being a nonprofit group school banned religious groups from "Throw him back. seeking to endorse or oppose candi- its property after school hours even " They're out of season. dates, whether they're on the left or the though nonreligious groups were al-

64 THE AMERICAN LEGION 1

program, which has been declining be- HOME LOANS cause many veterans have aged beyond LOOK WHAT their prime home-buying years. . Continued page 16 1 0 BUYS! from To give the program an additional $ boost. Congress also voted to make re- Four Great American Favorites financing less expensive for veterans in Copper, Nickel, Silver who have already used some or all of & RIAL GOLD! hitch, too. their eligibility. New changes also allow Nevertheless, since the change repre- an estimated 500,000 Reservists and sents "a major revision to a long-stand- National Guardsmen to participate, ing basic provision" of the VA home even though they have not served on ac- loan program, WA plans to closely mon- tive duty itor and evaluate its impact to be cer- The new rules reduce the funding tain a negotiated rate and the payment fee for so-called "interest rate reduc- of points does not result in higher hous- tion financing" from 1.25 percent to Get all this for one low introductory price: ing and borrowing costs for veterans. 0.5 percent of the loan amount. On a Three Original U.S. Mint Coin Classics: the The American Legion also is watch- $100,000 mortgage, the savings would 1859-1909 Indian Head Copper Cent, 1913- ing to make certain some lenders don't be $750. But discount points on such 1938 BulTalo Nickel and 1916-1945 Mercury 90% Silver Dime. These beloved vintage coins get together to illegally set rates artifi- loans can no longer be financed as part are among America's all-time favorites. Good to cally high, or increase the points. James of the loan amount. Very Good quality. Legion's director Hubbard, the of eco- Reservists and Guardsmen are now PLUS a Real 8K Gold Miniature ReproducUon nomics, hasn't seen any evidence of eligible for VA home loan benefits as of the 1907-1933 Saint-Gaudens U.S. $20 Gold Piece — "the Most Beautiful Coin in American such collusion yet, but he's started a file long as they have spent at least six years History." The incomparableStanding Liberty and and is interested in hearing from veter- in the service. However, unlike active Flying Eagle designs of America's greatest sculp- ans who believe they've paid too much. duty veterans, who are entitled to bene- tor (regularly $12.95). a limited time, (Write to him at The American Legion, fits for life and can use them over and For get the con^lete 4-piece set for just $10, 2 sets for $19 or 3 sets for $28. 1608 K St., N.W., Washington, DC over again, eligibility for Reservists Order #22130. Each piece comes in a transparent 20006-2847, or call (202) 861-2700.) and Guardsmen expires in six years, on protective holder. And we'll include our big dis- Hubbard is concerned lenders are Oct. 28, 1999. count catalog FREE. To order by credit card, call toll-free 1-800-451-4463. Or send check or being allowed to determine rates and changes to test The also require VA money order to: International Coins & Currency, "fatten" their purses by charging exces- the feasibility of backing mortgages Inc., 1 1 E Sute St., Box 218, DepL 2779, Montpe- lier, VT 05602. Add $2 for postage. Money-back sive points, even though they are as- that combine the cost of an existing

guarantee: 30-day home examination. 1 2779 suming no greater risk. home with the cost of improvements to

"Our fear is that lenders will get to- make it energy efficient. Known as en- gether on rates and points, and that ergy-efficient mortgages (EEMs), they won't be truly negotiated but rather these types of loans allow home buyers How To Locate Anyone what the banks want them to be," he to qualify at higher debt-to-income ra- Who Is Or Has Been says. "Maybe we're wrong, but we're tios because of the savings in utility sure going to keep our eyes open. If we bills. In The Military: don't find anything, that will be great, [Armed Forces Locator Directory] but we will be on the lookout." Foreword by Gen. Wm. Westmoreland There is no ceiling on the amount of 1993 edition money that can be borrowed under the BLOOD DRIVE VA program. The limit is on the Continuedfmm page 50 • Written by Lt. Col. Richard S. amount the government will guarantee. Johnson, the Nation's foremost The current maximum guarantee is expert on locating people with a $46,000. And since lenders accept the military connection. guarantee as a substitute for up to a 25- local blood center or hospital blood • Contains 264 pages describing percent downpayment, eligible veterans bank. A brochure on how to establish a every possible method to locate can borrow as much as $184,000 to Post blood donor program is available current, retired and former build or purchase a house without from; National Security-Foreign Rela- members of the Armed Forces. putting up any of their own money. tions Division, The American Legion, • Shows how to locate any of the You can borrow more than $184,000 1608 K St., N.W, Washington, DC 27 million living veterans. with a VA loan and you can spend as 20006. — • Explains how to obtain copies of much for a house as you like—as long "Blood donor programs enhance the military personnel records, ship as you put up enough cash for a satis- Legion's image in communities and in- and unit rosters and histories. factory downpayment. You also can crease membership," Munson says. Receive a free Surname Search borrow less and put up some of your "Many Posts nationwide have found from National Telephone Directory own money to reduce your monthly that participation in The American Le- with purchase ($30.00 value). payments. gion Blood Program is an excellent way For various reasons, only 13.6 mil- to make a significant contribution to $23.00 postage paid lion veterans, or less than half of the 29 the health and welfare of the communi- MIE Publishing million former GIs who are eligible, ty. The Post gets credit for sponsoring a PO Box 5143 L have ever used their entitlement. worthwhile event and the community Burlington, NC 27216 But Keith Pedigo, director of the VAs benefits from a larger, safer blood 1-800-937-2133 loan guarantee service, expects deregu- supply." Money back guarantee. lation to "breathe new life" into the By T. Douglas Donaldson

JULY 1993 65 lems in Germany are in the former VETVOiCE communist sector, perhaps these prob- VETS lems are actually with neo-communists. Continuedfrom page 56 Continuedfmm page 6 D John Guinn Minneapolis, Minn.

No New World Order 1st Mar. Div., 8th Amph. Trac. Bn.(WWII) #15941 sistance Center in Detroit at (800) 392- The last thing the world needs is 1st Mar. Rgt., 3rd Bn. Assn. (1941/45) #30006 3673. Hearing-impaired callers may the 1st MarDiv 1st Recon. Bn. #14329 new world order or U.N. Legion ("A 2nd Airdrome Bn., 17th AAA Bn. (WWII) #21009 reach us toll-free via TDD (800) 232- 3/1 Mike Co (1966/68 Vietnam) #12554 5952. Better Way To Keep the Peace," 3rd Mar. Div.: 12th Rgt., 1st Bn., Alpha Co. (Vietnam March). Any organization powerful 65/69) #21758 These efforts are paying off for enough to force worldwide is 3rd Mar. Div.: 7th Rgt., 2nd Bn., F Co. #17097 Ford. In 1992, Ford won U.S. sales peace also 3rd Mar. Div.: 9th Rgt., 1st Bn., C Co.(1942-45) #11011 powerful enough to rule the world. This 4th Mar. Div., 23rd Rgt., Rgt. Weapons Co. (WWII) leadership in cars (Taurus) and trucks world will #21068 (F-series) and had five of the top 10 government come at the ex- 5th Rgt., 1st Bn., B Co. (Vietnam) #1 1904 pense of our economy, and the sover- 6th Mar. Div. Assn. (National) #17188 best-selling vehicles in the United eignty of this country, for which 9TH AMPH. TRACTOR BN., B CO. (WWII) #20340 States. so 9th Rgt., 3rd Bn., K Co. #10732 many veterans have fought and given All Marines & Persons Attached to Marine Units #17210 Jerry M. Frick Banana Fleet Marines #17168 Manager, their lives for. MAG-11/12/14 #17166 Wally Urbick MAG-25 SCAT WWII #21038 Ford Owner Relations Operations Mukilteo, Wash. Mar. Air Delivery (Vietnam) #12187 Detroit, Mich. Mar. Corps Air Trans. Assn. (All VMR/VMGR Sqs.) #17076 Mar. Det., NAS Honolulu (Kee Hee Lagoon 43/45) #23038 When I drove around the U.S. Capi- Mar. Det.: USS Kearsage CVA-33 #11502 Mar. Det.: USS Missouri BB-63 (1947/51) #10343 tol recently, I noted that more than half Winning Wars Marine 4.5" Rocl

Burtonwood Assn. (All) #21734 on an "us versus them" approach, as ly not in control. If cutting off aid Butzbach Dependants (Germany 1962/68) #12366 Mr. Vogel contends. The United We would get the Sandinistas out and allow CBI Veterans Assn. (WWII, All Branches) #17256 D Day 50th Anniv 1994 #13854 Stand approach is to pressure the politi- Chamorro to gain control, then it FMF Combat Medical Per.Assn.Navy&Marines #12524 cians to pay the bills out of current rev- should be cut. George Field WWII Veterans #12493 Kaneohe Klippers, USN/USMC #20929 enues, hardly a radical concept. Stanley Diamond Kwajalein Missle Range (All Personell) #12371 Tim A. Schuster San Francisco

McClosky General Hospital ( Amputees WWII) #12369 Mexico City College, Univ DeLas Americas Vets #12553 Wbodstoclc N.Y American High School (Forrest Sherman) '83 I believe we should not provide aid to #12548 Normandy Landing 50th Annv. (Somerset, Eng. 1944 The article used the term "neo- Nicaragua because it will be used WWII) #23103 Nazi" eight times and the term "far against the United States, instead of be- Oflag 64 (Szubin, Poland) #12523 Command Vets (WWII) #21738 right" 21 times to describe the politics ing used for the people of that country Shemya Veterans Assn. (ALL BRANCHES) #22945 of Europe, with special emphasis on Q David M Robinson Vietnam Helicopter Pilots Assn.(1 961 -1975) #17258 Wichita Area Vietnam Vets #12570 Germany. Because most of the prob- Austin, Texas

66 THE AMERICAN LEGION COMMANDER SPRING METINGS Why settle for a cheap Continuedfmm page 8 Continuedfrom page 44 imitation when the real thing is now so affordable? while other skiers Business Loan Program. Chiefs of Staff in supporting the ban provide an awkward Res. 8 (Comm.) Calls for improvement in GI must not be ignored! 'shuffling" re-employment rights and benefits. motion, a Enemy #4: Ignorance About Veter- Res. 9 (Pa.) Requests Congress to set aside NordicTrack® ski ans. Today, there is a lack of apprecia- federal funds to assist veteran-owned businesses exerciser uses a affected by base closures and military downsiz- tion for veterans and the unique mis- patented flywheel ing. sion they are asked to perform. Instead and one-way clutch Res. 10 (Comm.) Urges provision of free mechanism to of debating the gay rights agenda, Con- overnight facilities for VA outpatients and encour- simulate the smooth gress should be busy passing legislation ages Posts to help VA create and fund such pro- cross-country that will help veterans find work and grams. Res. 11 (N.Y.) Requests VA to support and skiing stride for get more education. fund a "PT Phone Home" bedside phone system a great workout. Programs to assist unemployed vet- at VA hospitals. erans such as Targeted Jobs Tax Credit Res. 12 (Comm.) Seeks an amendment to the NordicTrack Excel™ only $499"! United States Code to reduce the 24-month mini- (TJTC), Local Veterans Employment NordicTrack Sequoia" only $429"! mum active duty requirement for treatment of Representative (LVER), Disabled Vet- nonservice-connected Gulf War veterans. NordicTrack Challenger™... only $339"! erans Outreach Program (DVOP), Dis- Res. 13 (Comm.) Recommends an amendment other models priced from $599" abled Transitional Assistance Program to the United States Code to allow all claims of 30-day in-home tria l (DTAP), National Veterans Training In- clear and unmistakable error to be allowed review before the Court of Veterans Appeals. stitute (NVTI), and Title IV-C of the Res. 14 (Comm.) Directs that annual Ameri- ^ordiclrack Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) can Legion outstanding achievement awards to N should be fully funded. service academies also be presented to midship- FREE Video and Brochure And a new GI Bill for Gulf War vet- men at the Merchant Marine Academy Res. 16 (Idaho) Grants Post Dept. of Ida- erans (the Combat-Era Serviceperson's 143, 1-800-328-588812^0^^ ho, permission to mint and sell American Legion cau Readjustment Act of 1993) must be 75th Anniversary commemorative coins. or write: NordicTrack, Dept. 127G3 passed. Res. 17 (Comm.) Accepts a $50,000 donation 104 Peavey Road, Chaska, MN 55318-2355

from the government of Kuwait for American Le- Ini • All rescreucl It will end the $1,200 out-of-pocket ©19')3 NordicTrjck. , A CML Company rifilils contribution demanded of participants gion support of U.S. forces and their families dur- ing the Gulf War. of the current GI Bill; raise the maxi- Res. 18 (Comm.) Authorizes The American mum monthly payment to $777 from Legion to solicit grants to fund veterans' training the current $400; and authorize GI Bill and job placement. STOP the benefits for reservists on active duty Res. 21 (Comm.) Urges Legion Departments to develop and sponsor JROTC drill competitions. aggravation for more than 90 days, for reservists Res. 22 (Comm.) Outlines The American Le- of your and National Guardsmen recalled to ac- gion policy on POW/MIAs. glasses tive duty for the Gulf War and for all Res. 24 (Ohio) Changes the official order of service members who participated in all American Legion meetings to: Call to order; falling from Salute to Colors; Invocation; Pledge of Alle- the Montgomery GI Bill. your pocket! giance; Preamble. Let's get Congress in the right direc- Res. 29 (Comm.) Outlines The American Le- KEEP your tion and let's do it today gion policy on the total force and maintaining vi- eyeglasses in place! n able National Guard and Reserve levels. the Res. 30 (Comm.) Outlines The American Le- gion policy on continued military preparedness. EYEGLASSES GRABBER Res. 31 (Comm.) Reaffirms the Legion's posi- • Clips to your pocket or t-shirt • Attaches to your shirt tion that homosexual activity is incompatible with • Loclts your glasses in place military service and urges Congress to codify the ' Includes quick Velcro fastener for car dash Taps notices are limited to only those Legionnaires who DoD ban on homosexuals in the service. GREAT FOR SUNGLASSES have held high national or department offices, we regret Res. 33 (Comm.) Recommends a national IT REALLY that we cannot extend the honor to all members. WORKS! membership dues increase to $9 per member. UNCONDITIONALL Y GUARANTEED John E. Byrne.DE Department Vice Commander (1973- Res. 38 (Comm.) Opposes replacing the Na- FOR 2 YEARS! 75), Department Commander (1975-76), Aiternate tional Anthem with other songs and urges radio National Executive Committeeman (1978-80), and television networks to stop pre-empting the Quantity discounts for business and Industrial use. National Executive Committeeman (1980-82). Made In U.S.A. Laurence Earle Carison,MN Department Vice National Anthem with commercials. .a,^ Commander (1963-64), Department Commander Res. 41 (Comm.) Petitions the U.S. Postal Ser- (1964-65). vice to create stamps commemorating the 60th ALPHA AMERICAN, INC. Robert W. Durand.NM Department Vice Commander anniversary of Boys State and the 50th anniver- P. 0. Box 266 • Cape Canaveral, FL 32920 (1970-71), Department Commander (1971-72), Alternate National Executive Committeeman (1973- sary of Boys Nation. Please send me set(s) (includes 2per set) of National Executive 75), Committeeman (1975-93). Res. 45 (Comm.) Urges Departments and EYEGLASSES GRABBERS at $4.95 per set plus D. Ed Grove,AK Department Sargeant-at-Arms (1962- Posts to support and aid the American Legion 63), Department Vice Commander (1963-65), $1 .95 S&H. (extra sets only $3.95 each) Enclosed Auxiliary in recruiting new members. Department 1965-66), Commander Department is check or money order payable to Alpha American. Judge Advocate (1982-89). For the full texts of all resolutions Carolyn B. Jarman.NC Department Vice Commander Name (1992-93). passed at the 1993 Spring Meeting, Herman A. Pierce,GA Department Vice Commander write the Archives, The American Le- Address (1965-66). I gion National Headquarters, P.O. Andrew J. Steffanic,CA Department Vice Commander Box City/State/Zip_ (1981-82), Department Commander (1988-89). 1055, Indianapolis, IN 46206. I Alternate National Executive Committeeman (190- Allow 4 to 6 weeks fcf d elivery 92), National Executive Committeeman (1992-93). fly Ken Schamberg I

JULY 1993 67 . .

EMPLOYMENT & LABOR EXCHANGE

GOVERNMENT JOBS STILL AVAILABLE-Hiring secrets. Send $3. C-Enterprises, P.O. Box 577-A, Naples, FL 33939. WANTED

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EUROPEAN TOYS, (313) 284-4828. SEND ADVERTISING COPY All classified advertising is payable in advance AND REMITTANCE TO: by checit or money order. Please make remittance WESTERN INDIAN PRODUCTS payable to "The American Legion Magazine." RATES: Eileen Hennessy $1 5 per word. Count street address and box numbers ILLUSTRATED WHOLESALE CATALOG plus arrowhead samples, $2. Westco, Box 41 71 -Vet, Auburn, CA 95604. The American Legion IVIagazine as two words; all city, state and zip codes as three c/o Fox Associates, Inc. words. GUARANTEED CIRCULATION: 2,900,000 WINE & BEER MAKING 116W. Kinzie Street per month. DEADLINE: Advertising copy must be received 60 days before cover date of issue desired. WINEMAKERS-BEERMAKERS. Free catalog. Kraus, Box Chicago, IL 60610 All advertisements are accepted at the discretion of 7850-LM, Independence, MO 64054. (312) 644-3888 the publisher. FAX (312) 644-8718

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68 THE AMERICAN LEGION ' "

Legion Shopper

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JULY 1993 69 . «

Legion Shopper

HEARING AIDS IBUPROFEN uPTo 60% SAVINGS The Magic Word This IS all For Pain Relief you wear! 30-DAY (And Until Now, Expensive) At last you can get wonderful Ibuprofen for less than you're TRIAL paying for name-brand aspirin and mucfi less than LIFT-N-RECLINE CHAIR Tylenol." Formula 462 from Wonder Laboratories is fo//- •Medicare Claim Service slrength, comparableinevery way to " TRY Advil and •Doctor Recommended • Nuprin and Motnn ' and Medlpren - all of which cost •Push Button Control BEFORE 210 3 times as much! You buy c//rec( and save plenty YOU BUY If you're Interested In seeing how you can get LOW FACTORY DIRECT PRICES

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JULY 1993 71 Parting shots

Rough Road "My firm has been sending me to rough cities," said a traveling salesman.

"The hotel I stayed in last week was in such a dangerous neighborhood, room service was 911."

Jettisoning Weight

United Airlines says it may require 1,600 of its employees to lose weight. Company officials said they don't want anybody getting confused when they talk about "wide bodies."

Time + Money = Taxes According to a recent survey, 66 per- cent of Americans would rather have more money than more time; 28 per- " cent would rather have more time than "Wait until he waxes it. more money; and the remaining 6 per- cent are IRS agents who said they wanted more time to get more of every- Sign Off Up All Night body's money According to The Wall Street Journal, "My psychiatrist gave me a book on

English is as tortured abroad as it is in obsessive-compulsive behavior," said America, especially on commercial Moe to Joe. Sleepless, Work More signs. Some examples: "Was it good?" asked Joe. A new study confirms what health- • At a cocktail lounge in Norway, "It was great," replied Moe. "In fact, care experts have long suspected, "Ladies are requested not to have chil- I couldn't put it down." namely, that getting too little sleep is dren at the bar." bad for your health. They've even come • At a politically incorrect Japanese up with a medical term for the afflic- hotel, "You are invited to take advan- False Fitness tion of prolonged sleep deprivation. It's tage of the chambermaid." "I went to the gym and spent five called "having a job." • A fun-loving Bangkok dry cleaner minutes on the StairMaster," Moe said suggests, your trousers here for "Drop to Joe. "Then I went home and spent best results." an hour on the CouchMaster." • Finally, at an Acapulco hotel, "The "I know what you mean," replied has personally all the manager passed Joe. "These days, the only exercise I get here." water served is letting my imagination run wild."

Dog Gone Funny Sales Angle If you see somebody in New York Many years ago, a large American out walking his dog, you have to won- shoe manufacturer sent two sales reps der who's the master and who's the pet. out to different parts of the Australian The dog leads the way and the human outback to see if they could drum up cleans up after it. Who would you some business among the aborigines. rather be? Some time later, the company received telegrams from both agents. The first one said, "No business No News here. Natives don't wear shoes." National Honesty Day was April 30. The second one said, "Great oppor- NBC news had no plans to cover it tunity here — natives don't wear "I'm sorry, but Dr. Finer only special- " though. shoes!" izes in diseases of the insured.

72 THE AMERICAN LEGION . .

1^ The orz^'w^/ Mantis (Don't be fooled by others) Try Before You Buy 1^ Free $34 Border Edger 1^ $40 Rebate (expires soon)

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I // you use: S AQUA BLUE MATCHING SHIRT 11=°each WHAT HOW 7TT-1F5 SIZE? MANY? B ROYAL BLUE 100% SATISFACTION GUARANTEED A TAN C or FULL REFUND of BERRY purchase price at any time! D AQUA BLUE

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matching shirt II^O There's a hidden dividend in Cool, crisp, lightweight and a our famous Pincords that perfect match to the slacks. Two- makes them our most populari tone, short-sleeve pullover has summer slacks... three-button front placket, neat Those crisp, color-on-white collar and single chest pocket. vertical stripes have a slimming Breezeweight polyester/cotton trimming effect! Terrific with a keeps you cool all day and is sport shirt, and they go to the 100% machine wash and dry. office with equal aplomb ^just Full elastic bottom for super — add a blazer and tie! Tailored ir a comfortable s-t-r-e-t-c -h fit. the USA with all the quality .50* Only $1 1 each. Hurry! benchmarks you expect:

REGULAR SIZES: • durable nylon zipper S(14-14y,) M(15-15'/,) four big 'No-Hole pockets L(16-16'4 XL(17-17y,) Ban-Rol" no-roll waistband *BIG MEN'S SIZES: Premium woven polyester & add $2 per shirt for cotton pincord fabric—tropica 2XL(18-18/J weight for summer comfort 3XL(19-19'/^) • 100% machine wash & dry

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