K-Ar Age Relations of Granodiorite Emplacement and Tungsten And
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Economic Geology Vol. 69, 1974, pp. 646-656 K-Ar Age Relationsof GranodioriteEmplacement and Tungstenand Gold Mineralizationnear the Getchell Mine, Humboldt County, Nevada* MILES L. SILBERMAN,BYRON R. BERGER,AND RANDOLPHA. KOSKI Abstract A granodiorite stock intrudes complexly folded and thrust-faulted Paleozoic sedi- mentary rocks in the OsgoodMountains of eastern Humboldt County, Nevada. Within the metamorphicaureole surroundingthe pluton, the sedimentaryrocks are converted to cordierite hornfels and marble; tungsten-bearingtactites developedalong the con- tacts of the granodiorite. Cutting the granodiorite and sedimentary rocks is the Getchell fault, along which the disseminatedgold ore bodiesof the Getchell mine are localized. K-Ar ages of the granodiorite,andesite porphyry, tungsten-bearing tactites, and altered granodioritefrom the Getchellmine indicate that emplacement,alteration, and mineralizationare all part of a magmatic-thermalepisode which took place ap- proximately 90 m.y. ago. Introduction (1966) .tentatigelysuggested a similar conclusion THE Getchellgold depositin Humboldt County is basedon his studyof the patternsof distributionof one of a group of disseminatedgold deposits•of heavyminerals and gold within the stock. Nevada. Other ore depositsof this type include Geologic Setting Carlin, Cortez, and Gold Acres (Roberts et al., The Getchellmine lies at the northeasternmargin 1971). Structural and geochemicalsettings are dis- of the OsgoodMountains. The geologyof the Os- tinctive, but the depositsshow some general simi- good Mountainsquadrangle, which coversthe north larities: the presenceof a fractured,permeable zone part of the Osgood Mountains and includes the prior to ore deposition,deposition of silica replacing Getchellmine, was describedby Hobbs (1948) and limestonewith the introductionof gold, the presence Hotz and Willden (1964). The Getchellore de- of carbonaceousmaterial in some of the ores, the posit was describedby Joralemon(1951). The predominanceof very fine-grainedto submicroscopicgeologic setting is summarizedby Hotz and Willden gold particlesin the ore, and high gold-silverratios (Fig. 1). (Roberts et al., 1971; Wells et al., 1969; Radtke The northern Osgood Mountains consistof com- and Scheiner, 1970; Hausen and Kerr, 1968). plexlyfolded and thrust-faulted Paleoz.oic sedimentary Altered igneous rocks occur within the ore zones rocks intruded by a Cretaceousgranodiorite stock. of all the disseminatedgold deposits. The impor- The stockhas two lobes,a northern and a southern, tanceof factorscontrolling ore depositionapparently joined by a thin septurn;aeromagnetic data (B. R. variedfrom depositto deposit(Roberts et al., 1971). Berger, unpub. data) substantiatethe hour-glass Although several K-Ar ages have been reported shape. The sedimentaryrocks intrudedare prin- from ore zonesof disseminatedgold depositsat Gold cipally argillites and limestoneof the Prcble forma- Acres (Silberman and McKee, 197'1) and Cortez tion of Cambrianage. Thoughnot apparentin out- (Wells et al., 1971) ages are not yet conclusively crop, the aeromagneticdata suggestthat the stock known for any of thesedeposits, and only spatialre- has steeplimbs dippingoutward on both east and lations have been demonstrated between these ore west flanks. depositsand nearby igneousrocks. Dacite porphyrydikes cut the Paleozoicsedimen- This paperreports several ages on sericiteand K- tary rocks and are probably related geneticallyto feldsparfrom the altered igneousrock at the Getchell the stock. In the northernpart of the OsgoodMoun- ore depositand showshow theseages supportthe tains,andesite porphyry dikes cut both sedimentary geneticassociation of the stockand Au depositsug- rocks and the granodiorite. Andesite dikes cut the gestedby earlier workersand documentedwith geo- sedimentaryrocks at the Getchellmine. They are chemicaldata by Ericksonet al. (1964). Neuerburg highlysheared and hydrothermallyaltered in under- * Publication authorizedby the Director, U.S. Geological ground workings and in the North Pit of the Get- Survey. chell mine. As the dikes follow the trend of the 646 K-,4RAGE RELATIONS AND TUNGSTEN .dND GOLD MINERALIZATION 647 117o20' 117Ol5' 41Ol5' EXPLANATION Alluvium UNCONFORMITY Oliwne basalt UNCONFORM ITY Docile Grono- oo porphyry diorite Sedimentary rocks Battle Formation Gaughs Canyon Formation UNCONFORMITY Volmy Comus Formation Formation 41ø I0' Harmony' Farmallon Prohie Formation K-AR Mine (MB-35) Sample Iocollly Thrust foull Foull Dashed where approximately Dashed where approximately located. Sawteeth on /ocafed; dotted where upper p/o/e. concealed; queried where doubtful or t'nferred I Mile I 41o07'18" FIG.1. Geologicmap of thenorthern part of theOsgood Mountains, modified from Hotz and Willden (1964, pl. 1). fault zone or occupyportions of it, their original tic with the granodiorite.The ageof theseandesitic positionappears to havebeen controlled by an early dikes is critical becauseveins of gold-bearingma- fracturethat later developedinto the Getcheilfault terial cut them at the Getcheil mine. zone. Granodioritedikes also parallel the fault zone. The granodioritestock has a conspicuousmeta- There is somedisagreement over the age of the morphicaureole as muchas 10,000feet wide. The andesiteporphyry dikes. Joralemon(1951) sug- shales of the Preble formation are transformed to gestedthat the dikesare an earlyphase of Tertiary biotite-,andalusite-, and cordierite-bearinghornfels; volcanism;Hobbs (1948) suggestedthat they are a the limestonesto marble, light-coloredcalc-silicate later phaseof the sameLate Cretaceousigneous rock, and dark-coloredtactite composedof garnet, activitythat producedthe granodioritestock; Hotz pyroxene,and other calcium-bearing silicates, along and Willden (1964) suggestedthat they are cogene- with minor scheelite. Thirteen tungsten mines 648 M. L. SILBERMAN,B. R. BERGER,AND R. A. KOSKI pyrite is the most common. At someplaces, schee- lite is found in calc-silicaterock and altered grano- diorite. At others,scheelite occupies narrow seams and/or small intenselyaltered areas or pocketsin the granodiorite along the contacts. These small, but very rich .ore pocketsconsist of muscovite,hy- drobiotite,small quartz crystals,and scheelite.Schee- lite-bearingquartz veins are found cutting the gold ores at both the Getcheil and Ogee-Pinson mines. A major structuralfeature of the OsgoodMoun- tains is the Getcheil fault along the eastern margin of the range (Fig. 1). Horizontal mullions and slickensideswith superimposedvertical striae show that fault movementwas largely parallel to the strike prior to the block faulting (Hobbs, 1948). Jorale- mon (1951) indicatesthat the latest movementwas vertical. Evidence at the Getchell mine of post- mineralization movement on the Getcheil fault is the displacementof Quaternary alluvium and develop- EXPLANATION ment of slickensides on the surfaces of altered rock. Rhyohtetuff The Getchell Gold Deposits ":•::'':" ).- The disseminatedgold deposit is localizedalong Ande$•tePOrl•hyry the Getcheilfault. In the southernand central parts of the mine area, granodioriteforms the walls of the GrOnOd•Orite fault zone,whereas farther north the fault cuts argil- lite and limestoneof the Preble formation (Jorale- LlrneslOne mon, 1951; Hotz and Willden, 1964). In the center pit, barren granodioriteforms the hangingwall. In Ar(:jiIhte or h0rnfele the South Extension Pit, gran.odioritein the foot- wall is partly altered (sericiticalteration) and veined by calciteand dolomite; it containssulfides and ap- proximatelyeight ppm gold. Both oxide and sulfide K-AR $ornple Iocohty gold depositsoccur. The oxide ore, being easily recovered,was exploitedduring early miningopera- 0 500 1000 FEET I I tions. The sulfide ores, which are more extensive, / were mined later. Exten$,onPfl' Joralemon(1951, p. 270) reportedthat the gold A A' ore bodiesare sheetlikemasses that lie alongvarious strandsof the Getcheilfault zone (Fig. 2). These massesconsist of shearedand mineralized argillite and limestonecut by quartz and calciteand dolomite veins; within the fault zone, the rocks contain a soft, Section 4 carbon-bearinggouge (gumbo)--minute quartzcrys- FIG. 2. Geology of the Getcheil mine area, modified from tals embeddedin a nearly submi.croscopicinter- Hotz and Willden (1964, P1. 11). growth of quartz and amorphouscarbon. The gumbo formed in the gouge zone by hydrothermal meta- located around the periphery of the stock in the morphismof carbonaceouslimestone and shale ac- tactite zone produceda total of 1,344,150tons of companiedby the introductionof fine-grainedquartz. scheelite-bearingore (Hotz and Willden, 1964). It was a major bearerof oxide gold ore. The sul- The ore is mainlyscheelite-bearing tactitc; powel- fide ores consist of carbonaceous limestone with iron lite is accessoryand metallicsulfides are presentin and arsenic sulfides. minor amounts. Uncommon small local concentra- The arsenic sulfides, realgar and orpiment, are tionsof molybdeniteare observed in tactiteclose to the associatedwith gold in the vicinity of the Getcheil granodioritecontact. Pyrite, chalcopyrite,sphalerite, mine. Accordingto Joralemon(1951), they are the andgalena are erraticallydistributed in the tactite; most abundantmetallic minerals and are primarily K-AR AGE RELATIONS AND TUNGSTEN AND GOLD MINERALIZATION 649 restricted to the areas within the veins that contain itc porphyry as early or middle Tertiary. He sug- notablequantities of gold. .The gold ore containsa gested,on the basis of the early work of Ferguson