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Portada Tercer Trimestre 2017 EDICIÓN HISPANOAMERICANA EDICIÓN REVISTA PROFESIONAL DEL EJÉRCITO DE EUA TERCER TRIMESTRE 2017 Es hora de participar en las redes sociales p3 Mayor Brenton Pomeroy, Fuerza Aérea de EUA La crisis venezolana p43 Gustavo R. Coronel TERCER TRIMESTRE 2017 TRIMESTRE TERCER «Maneras más curiosas y sutiles de matar» p80 Mayor Wesley Moerbe, Ejército de EUA CENTRO DE ARMAS COMBINADAS, FUERTE LEAVENWORTH, KANSAS TITULARES 3 Es hora de participar en las 11 Cortar nuestros pies para redes sociales adaptarse a los zapatos Mayor Brenton Pomeroy, Fuerza Un análisis del mando tipo misión Aérea de EUA en el Ejército de EUA El uso de las redes sociales a nivel Mayor Amos C. Fox, Ejército de EUA táctico puede ayudar a una unidad en El Ejército de EUA ha intentado integrar muchos sentidos, incluso en las áreas de el mando tipo misión durante la última comunicaciones del mando, reclutamiento, década pero ha encontrado oposición en apoyo a la familia, relaciones profesionales, muchas esferas. El mando tipo misión no se asuntos médicos, adiestramiento, disciplina y ha arraigado en el Ejército porque carece de rendimiento de la unidad. Los líderes en las especificidad con relación a las condiciones unidades militares en los niveles inferiores y cultura del Ejército. En el presente artículo, deben ser capaces de fácilmente comprender se intenta desarrollar un método de mando y y apreciar los beneficios logrados con el uso control más de acuerdo con la costumbre de los de las redes sociales mientras mitigan los métodos y principios del Ejército. posibles riesgos a un nivel aceptable. Foto de portada: Manifestantes antigubernamentales chocan con la poli- cía en Caracas, Venezuela, 12 de marzo de 2014. Defensores y oponentes del presidente venezolano Nicolás Maduro se volcaron a las calles de Caracas un mes después de que manifestaciones rivales similares llevaran al derramamien- to de sangre y una ola de inquietud en todo el país. Simpatizantes vestidos de rojo del gobierno socialista de Maduro celebraron una «marcha por la paz» mientras que sus oponentes, vestidos de blanco, se reunieron para denunciar la supuesta brutalidad de las fuerzas de seguridad durante las dificultades políticas más graves de Venezuela en la última década. (Foto: Carlos García Rawlins, Reuters) Portada 2 Tercer Trimestre 2017 MILITARY REVIEW Índice Tercer Trimestre 2017 Tomo 72 ◆ Número 3 20 Las operaciones de Lo que Estados Unidos y la región multidominios y el apoyo pueden hacer aéreo cercano Gustavo R. Coronel En el presente artículo, se describe cómo Una nueva perspectiva Venezuela se ha convertido en un Estado Teniente coronel Clay Bartels, Fuerza fallido y se analiza el posible rol que Estados Aérea de EUA Unidos y el resto de los países en la región Mayor Tim Tormey, Cuerpo de pueden jugar en la restauración de la Infantería de Marina de EUA democracia y la estabilidad en el país. Dr. Jon Hendrickson En el ambiente operacional cada vez 54 La importancia de un más complejo y controvertido del futuro, concepto de autodesarrollo el planteamiento óptimo de conducción de la guerra para las Fuerzas Armadas a largo plazo para los estadounidenses debe centrarse en las oficiales del Ejército operaciones en múltiples dominios. Un Coronel (retirado) Dean A. análisis del apoyo aéreo cercano (CAS) junto con las otras misiones que traslapan y ocurren Nowowiejski, Dr. en Filosofía, Ejército en la intersección de los dominios terrestre y de EUA aéreo demuestra eficazmente la necesidad de En este artículo estableceré algunos conceptos operaciones en múltiples dominios. sencillos para ayudar a los oficiales del Ejército en servicio activo a crear sus metas de autodesarrollo y a conceptualizar cómo 33 El papel de las Fuerzas alcanzarán esas metas. Este argumento destacará las oportunidades educativas y de Armadas de Singapur en ampliación integradas del Ejército. la formación de valores, imagen e identidad 63 Cómo abordar los impactos nacionales en la salud conductual Coronel Fred Wel-Shi Tan y Teniente coronel Psalm B. C. Lew, Equilibrar el tratamiento y el Fuerzas Armadas de Singapur apresto de la misión Singapur, como país joven, es incomparable Teniente coronel Christopher en muchos sentidos. Su posición Landers, Ejército de EUA geoestratégica en la encrucijada de las rutas En el Informe de Salud de la fuerza del Ejército comerciales más navegadas del mundo de 2015 se encontró que 17 por ciento de la ha creado una sociedad multiétnica y fuerza no está medicamente preparada. Esta multirracial, que aún atrae muchos talentos tasa incluye a soldados con problemas de extranjeros a través de la inmigración, lo salud física y de comportamiento; 15 por ciento que conlleva al desafío de establecer una (tasa de prevalencia de 2014) de la fuerza ha identidad nacional única y duradera. sido diagnosticada con un trastorno de salud conductual para el que requieren tratamiento. 43 La crisis venezolana MILITARY REVIEW Tercer Trimestre 2017 1 THE PROFESSIONAL JOURNAL OF THE U.S. ARMY 71 El III Cuerpo de Ejército Tercer Trimestre 2017 Tomo 72 Número 3 durante el surge: Un estudio Professional Bulletin 100-17-07/08/09 Authentication no. 1713607 sobre el arte operacional Comandante, Centro de Armas Combinadas Mayor Wilson C. Blythe Jr., Ejército Teniente general Michael Lundy de EUA Editora Jefe de Military Review: Teniente coronel Erica L. Cameron El papel que jugó el III Cuerpo de Ejército, Editor Jefe, Edición en inglés: William M. Darley comandado por el teniente general Raymond Editor Jefe, Ediciones en Idiomas Extranjeros: Miguel Severo Odierno, como Cuerpo Multinacional de Irak Gerente de Producción: Mayor Steven Miller (Multinational Corps–Iraq, MNC–I) no ha Administración: Linda Darnell recibido la atención suficiente de los estudios Ediciones en Idiomas Extranjeros sobre el surge en Irak en 2007. Diagramador/Webmaster: Michael Serravo Traductor Asistente: Emilio Meneses 80 «Maneras más curiosas y Edición Hispanoamericana Traductora/Editora: Albis Cordero sutiles de matar» Traductor/Editor: Ronald Williford El proceso de operaciones en la Edición Brasileña guerra futura Traductor/Editor: Shawn A. Spencer Traductora/Editora: Flavia da Rocha Spiegel Linck Mayor Wesley Moerbe, Ejército de Asesores de las Ediciones Iberoamericanas EUA Oficial de Enlace del Ejército Brasileño ante el CAC y Asesor de la Edición Pocos de nosotros hemos tenido que enfrentar Brasileña: Coronel Danilo Mota Alencar Oficial de Enlace del Ejército de Chile ante el CAC y Asesor de la Edición a un enemigo que, sin nosotros saber, obtuvo Hispanoamericana: Teniente coronel Mauricio Alejandro Rojo Fuentes acceso parcial o total a nuestros planes o proceso de planificación, pero nuestra Military Review--Publicada trimestralmente en inglés, español y portugués, dependencia en la tecnología de información por el Centro de Armas Combinadas (CAC) del Ejército de EUA, Fte. renueva viejos desafíos del campo de batalla Leavenworth, Kansas. para planificar y ejecutar operaciones de Los fondos para su publicación han sido autorizados por el Departamento manera secreta y confiable. del Ejército con fecha 12 de enero de 1983. Porte pagado por circulación controlada en Leavenworth, Kansas 66048 y Kansas City, Missouri 64106. Teléfono en EUA: (913) 684-9338, FAX (913) 684-9328. Correo Electrónico (E-Mail) usarmy.leavenworth.tradoc.mbx.military-re- [email protected]. La Military Review puede ser leída también en la Internet, en el website: http://militaryreview.army.mil. Los artículos en esta revista aparecen en el índice de PAIS (Servicio Informa- tivo de Asuntos Públicos), Índice de Idiomas Extranjeros. Las ideas expuestas en esta revista son propias de los autores y, a menos que se indique lo contrario, no reflejan necesariamente las opiniones del Departamento de Defensa ni de sus agencias. Military Review Hispano-American (in Spanish) (US ISSN 0I93-2977) (USPS 009-355) is published quarterly by the U.S. ARMY, CAC, Ft. Leavenworth, KS 66027-2348. Periodical paid at Leavenworth, KS 66048, and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address corrections to Military Review, 290 Stimson Ave., Fort Leavenworth, KS 66027-2348. Mark A. Milley—General, United States Army Chief of Staff Official: Gerald2 B. O’Keefe—Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army Tercer Trimestre 2017 MILITARY REVIEW El sargento mayor de comando Ronnie R. Kelley, el asesor superior del Ejército Central de EUA, revisa preguntas que le hicieron en la página de Facebook del Ejército Central de EUA antes de participar en una asamblea municipal sobre la inauguración de la página de Facebook de la unidad, celebrada el 7 de marzo de 2014. (Foto: Ejército de EUA, Sgto. Ryan Hallock) Es hora de participar en las redes sociales Mayor Brenton Pomeroy, Fuerza Aérea de EUA l Departamento de Defensa (DOD) adoptó en todas las instituciones militares también necesitan las redes sociales y la web 2.0 hace casi seis reexaminar los riesgos y la importancia de adoptar esta años, aunque muchas unidades militares aún moderna forma de comunicaciones. Las unidades se be- Eno utilizan esta forma de comunicaciones1. El DOD neficiarían si reflejaran el cambio de política del DOD había prohibido su uso en 2007, pero cambió su posi- referente a las redes sociales. ción después de un análisis de sus riesgos y beneficios El uso de las redes sociales a nivel táctico puede realizado por el Pentágono en 2010, citando que sus ayudar a una unidad en muchos sentidos, incluso en beneficios sobrepasan las preocupaciones de seguridad2. las áreas de comunicaciones del mando, reclutamiento, Propongo que muchas unidades en los niveles inferiores apoyo a la familia, relaciones profesionales, asuntos MILITARY REVIEW Tercer Trimestre 2017 3 médicos, adiestramiento, disciplina y rendimiento de la de las comunicaciones laterales de Facebook. Además, unidad. En cambio, los riesgos comunes identificados debemos tener en consideración el mundo empresarial incluyen contenido o conducta antiprofesional, riesgos en donde una encuesta de 2013 indicó que 80,6 % de de seguridad en las redes de computadoras y seguri- los encuestados identificaron las redes sociales como dad operacional (OPSEC).
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