DOCSLIB.ORG

Нематоды Bursaphelenchus Mucronatus И Связанные С Ними

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Results of the Pine Wilt Disease Surveys in Russia O.A.Kulinich (1), E.N.Arbuzova (1), N.I.Kozyreva (2), E.S.Mazurin(1) 1) All-Russian Plant Quarantine Center, Bykovo, Moscow oblast, Russia, email: [email protected]; 2)The Center of Parasitology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences The wood reserve in Russia (m3 / hectare) If the PWN were introduced in Russia, and became widespread there, it is estimated that annual costs could range from 1.3 to 3.7 billion US dollars a year. Similar damage will also be true for Europe in the case of PWN spread and lack of control. (Soliman et al., 2012) Surveys of conifer forests in Russia for the pine wood nematode B. xylophilus, were started early in the 1990s In one case the nematodes were isolated from dead Korean pine plantations. The number of the nematodes in the wood was 20,000 individuals per g of wood (Kulinich et al., 1994). Subsequent pathogenicity tests with this isolate conducted in a greenhouse showed that nematode-inoculated 5-year- old Pinus koraiensis and … 100 100 80 60 Inoculated 40 seedlings 33 40 Control %, died trees died %, 13 20 0 0 0 Pinus Pinus Pinus koraiensis sylvestris densiflora …larch, Larix olgensis, died after the inoculation. 100 100 80 Inoculated 60 seedlings 40 Control %, died trees 20 0 0 0 0 Larix olgensis Larix dahurica Some other conifer species were resistant to the nematode (Eroshenko & Kruglik, 1998). 100 100 100 100 80 60 Inoculated seedlings 40 Control %, died trees 20 0 0 0 0 Abies Abies Picea nefrolepis holophylla ajanensis Pest Risk Analysis There are large areas within Russia where the mean July temperature exceeds 20 C. Also, in Russia susceptible host plants and species of longhorn beetles are present. Plant host of Bursaphelenchus xylphilus Vector of Bursaphelenchus xylphilus Pinus sylvestris, Monochamus sutor, P. sibirica, M. galloprovincialis, P. koraiensis, M. urussovi, P. pumila, M. impluviatus, Picea exelsa, M. nitens, P. obovata, P. ajanensis, M. saltuarius P. koraiensis, Abies sibirica, A. nephrolepis, A. holophylla, A. sachalinensis, Larix sibirica L. daurica Large scale surveys were conducted in 2010-2011 where the conifer forest and stored timber were examined for PWN in eleven regions of Russia. ― Bursaphelenchus mucronatus no findings ― Bursaphelenchus mucronatus several findings In total, 3,680 samples were analyzed. B. xylophilus species has not been found in Russia, but the closely related species B.mucronatus was detected. The frequency of B. mucronatus occurrence was 11.5% in 2010 and 5.6% in 2011. Twenty four isolates of the wood-inhabiting nematode B.mucronatus from 11 Russian regions were extracted and propagated in vitro. Main goal What factors affect the pathogenicity of B.xylophilus and B. mucronatus and can B.mucronatus populations induce pine wilt disease, such as the one caused by B. xylophilus? The most favourable factors influencing B.xylophilus pathogenicity include: biological characters of the nematode species, and host plant and climate. Resent research (2000-2010) in China and South Korea showed that the Pine Wilt Disease of conifers are induced by complex of pathogenic bacteria and the PWN that the bacteria carries (Zhao et al., 2009; Kwon et al., 2010; Wu et al. 2013 and others). Bacteria associated with wood-inhabiting Bursaphelenchus mucronatus nematodes Model @ File: 011_F03_1.ab1 Signal G:0 A:0 T:0 C:0 Page 1 of 2 Ð` ƒ ô/ 0/0/0 BIO 1 ?? no 'MTXF' field Spacing: 0 TRACE Lane 0 Points 0 to 0 BioEdit v ersion 7.0.4.1 (2/13/05) Twenty four isolates of the C A AC AC CC T A AAA C T T T CCA C G T GT A CC G T T T CA A C CA A A T A G T T G G G G GT C T T G T C T G G T G GC G G C TG C TG GC T TT AT T G T T G G C G G C TG C TG C TG G G TG AGC C C T A T CA TG G CG AG C G T T TG GG C T TC G GC C TG AG C TAG T AG 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 wood-inhabiting nematode C T T T T C T T T TAA A C C CA T T C C T TA A T A C T G AT T A TA C TG T G G G G AC G A A AG TC C T T G C T T T TA AC T A G AT A G C A A C T T T CA G C AG TG G AT G T C TA G G C T CG C AC A T CG A TG A AG AAC G C T G CG A AC T G C G AT A CG T A A TG C G A AT TBursaphelenchusG C AG G 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 mucronatus were extracted AT TC AG TG A G T C AT CG A AA T T T T G A AC G C A T A T TG CA C T T C C G GG T T AG T C C TG G G AG T AT G C C TG TA T C AG TG T C C G T AC A T C A A AC T TG G C T T T C T T C C T T C C G TG T AG T C G GT G G AGG AG AT GC C A G ATG T G A AG TG T C T TG C GandG C TG G propagated in vitro to 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 determine the symbiotic T T T T C G G AC CG AC TG C G AG TC C T T T TA A A T G TA C T G A A C TG T A C T T C T C T T TG C T C G A A A AG C G TG G CG T TG C TG G T TG T G G AG G C TG C T A T T G T A G C A A G T T G GC G AC CG G T T T GT C T G C T G CG G CG T T A A T G G A A G AG T G T TC G AT T C 450 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 550 560 570 580 590 bacteria associated with them. G CG G T A TG G T TG G C T T C G G C TG A AC A A T G C G C T T A T TG G AT G T T T T T T C T GC T GT G GC G T G A T GG AC C G G TG A A C C A T A G C T C AG T T G C T T G GC T TT T G A AT C G G C T T TG C T G T T GC G A AG T AG A G T G G CG G C T T C G G C TG T C G AG G 600 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 730Bacterial740 identification was based on sequences 16S rRNA. Results of capillary electrophoresis of the 16S rRNA gene of the bacteria. Twenty species of bacteria belonging to nine families and 9 genera were isolated from the nematodes and identified The bacteria, most frequently encountered, belonged to the genus Pseudomonas (44%). Five species of the genus Pseudomonas were identified Associated bacteria were studied in the dauerlarva stage of B. mucronatus nematodes isolated from the longhorn beetle Monochamus urussovi Fisch. Here, Pseudomonas fluorescens species were extracted from this larval stage of B. mucronatus, as well. Symbiotic bacteria associated with PWN have been studied in recent years in China, Korea, and Portugal. However, different researchers extracted different species of pathogenic bacteria which they believe are responsible for the PWD development. Bacillus spp. Burkholderia Pseudomonas arboris fluorescens Bacteria associated with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus nematodes Zhao B., Lin F. Mutualistic Experiments have symbiosis between shown a high Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and bacteria of the genus degree of Pseudomonas. For Path., 2005, 25, 2205–2214. phytotoxicity of these bacteria: Kwon Hyeok Ran, Gyung Ja Choi, Yong Ho Choi, Kyoung Soo Jang, P.fluorescens and Nack-Do Sung, Mun Seong Kang, Yilseong Moon, Seung Kyu Lee Burkholderia and Jin-Cheol Kim. Suppression arboris of pine wilt disease by an antibacterial agent, oxolinic acid // Pest Manag. Sci. 2010, 66, 6. P. 634-639. Conclusion Thus, Russian B. mucronatus isolates carry bacteria. Perhaps, some populations of this species can vector pathogenic bacteria (for example, Pseudomonas fluorescens) and sometime induce PWD. It’s assumed that B. mucronatus nematodes and the symbiotic bacterium P. fluorescens can cause death of some Russian pine forests in areas where the mean air temperature in summer months exceeds 250C. Many people remember the hot summer of 2010. The average monthly temperature in the Centre of European Russia in 2010 was 26.4 ° C in July and 25.5 ° C in August. Following that hot year many dead stands of Pinus sylvestris forests were found. Сравнительные графики средней температуры воздуха на территории Воронежской области за 2010 г.
Recommended publications
  • EPPO Reporting Service

    EPPO Reporting Service

    ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN ET MEDITERRANEENNE PLANT PROTECTION POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES ORGANIZATION EPPO Reporting Service NO. 1 PARIS, 2021-01 General 2021/001 New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List 2021/002 Update on the situation of quarantine pests in the Russian Federation 2021/003 Update on the situation of quarantine pests in Tajikistan 2021/004 Update on the situation of quarantine pests in Uzbekistan 2021/005 New and revised dynamic EPPO datasheets are available in the EPPO Global Database Pests 2021/006 Anoplophora glabripennis eradicated from Austria 2021/007 Popillia japonica is absent from Germany 2021/008 First report of Scirtothrips aurantii in Spain 2021/009 Agrilus planipennis found in Saint Petersburg, Russia 2021/010 First report of Spodoptera frugiperda in Syria 2021/011 Spodoptera frugiperda found in New South Wales, Australia 2021/012 Spodoptera ornithogalli (Lepidoptera Noctuidae - yellow-striped armyworm): addition to the EPPO Alert List 2021/013 First report of Xylosandrus compactus in mainland Spain 2021/014 First report of Eotetranychus lewisi in mainland Portugal 2021/015 First report of Meloidogyne chitwoodi in Spain 2021/016 Update on the situation of the potato cyst nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida in Portugal Diseases 2021/017 First report of tomato brown rugose fruit virus in Belgium 2021/018 Update on the situation of tomato brown rugose fruit virus in Spain 2021/019 Update on the situation of Acidovorax citrulli in Greece with findings
  • EPPO Reporting Service

    EPPO Reporting Service

    ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE EUROPEAN AND ET MEDITERRANEENNE MEDITERRANEAN POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES PLANT PROTECTION ORGANIZATION OEPP Service d’Information NO. 8 PARIS, 2017-08 Général 2017/145 Nouvelles données sur les organismes de quarantaine et les organismes nuisibles de la Liste d’Alerte de l’OEPP 2017/146 Liste de quarantaine de l'Union Économique Eurasiatique (EAEU) 2017/147 Kits de communication de l’OEPP : nouveaux modèles d’affiches et de brochures sur les organismes nuisibles Ravageurs 2017/148 Rhynchophorus ferrugineus n’est pas présent en Australie 2017/149 Platynota stultana (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) : à nouveau ajouté sur la Liste d’Alerte de l’OEPP Maladies 2017/150 Premier signalement de Puccinia hemerocallidis au Portugal 2017/151 Premier signalement de Pantoea stewartii en Malaisie 2017/152 La maladie de la léprose des agrumes est associée à plusieurs virus 2017/153 Brevipalpus phoenicis, vecteur de la léprose des agrumes, est un complexe d'espèces Plantes envahissantes 2017/154 Potentiel suppressif de certaines graminées sur la croissance et le développement d’Ambrosia artemisiifolia 2017/155 Bidens subalternans dans la région OEPP : addition à la Liste d’Alerte de l’OEPP 2017/156 Les contraintes abiotiques et la résistance biotique contrôlent le succès de l’établissement d’Humulus scandens 21 Bld Richard Lenoir Tel: 33 1 45 20 77 94 E-mail: [email protected] 75011 Paris Fax: 33 1 70 76 65 47 Web: www.eppo.int OEPP Service d’Information 2017 no. 8 – Général 2017/145 Nouvelles données sur les organismes de quarantaine et les organismes nuisibles de la Liste d’Alerte de l’OEPP En parcourant la littérature, le Secrétariat de l’OEPP a extrait les nouvelles informations suivantes sur des organismes de quarantaine et des organismes nuisibles de la Liste d’Alerte de l’OEPP (ou précédemment listés).
  • EPPO Reporting Service

    EPPO Reporting Service

    ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE EUROPEAN AND ET MEDITERRANEENNE MEDITERRANEAN POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES PLANT PROTECTION ORGANIZATION EPPO Reporting Service NO. 4 PARIS, 2018-04 General 2018/068 New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List 2018/069 Quarantine lists of Kazakhstan (2017) 2018/070 EPPO report on notifications of non-compliance 2018/071 EPPO communication kits: templates for pest-specific posters and leaflets 2018/072 Useful publications on Spodoptera frugiperda Pests 2018/073 First report of Tuta absoluta in Tajikistan 2018/074 First report of Tuta absoluta in Lesotho 2018/075 First reports of Grapholita packardi and G. prunivora in Mexico 2018/076 First report of Scaphoideus titanus in Ukraine 2018/077 First report of Epitrix hirtipennis in France 2018/078 First report of Lema bilineata in Italy 2018/079 Eradication of Anoplophora glabripennis in Brünisried, Switzerland 2018/080 Update on the situation of Anoplophora glabripennis in Austria Diseases 2018/081 First report of Ceratocystis platani in Turkey 2018/082 Huanglongbing and citrus canker are absent from Egypt 2018/083 Xylella fastidiosa eradicated from Switzerland 2018/084 Update on the situation of Ralstonia solanacearum on roses in Switzerland 2018/085 First report of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma fragariae’ in Slovenia Invasive plants 2018/086 Ambrosia artemisiifolia control in agricultural areas in North-west Italy 2018/087 Optimising physiochemical control of invasive Japanese knotweed 2018/088 Update on LIFE project IAP-RISK 2018/089 Conference: Management and sharing of invasive alien species data to support knowledge-based decision making at regional level (2018-09-26/28, Bucharest, Romania) 21 Bld Richard Lenoir Tel: 33 1 45 20 77 94 E-mail: [email protected] 75011 Paris Fax: 33 1 70 76 65 47 Web: www.eppo.int EPPO Reporting Service 2018 no.
  • EPPO PRA on Polygraphus Proximus

    EPPO PRA on Polygraphus Proximus

    EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN PLANT PROTECTION ORGANIZATION ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE ET MEDITERRANEENNE POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES 15-21045 Pest Risk Analysis for Polygraphus proximus September 2014 EPPO 21 Boulevard Richard Lenoir 75011 Paris www.eppo.int [email protected] This risk assessment follows the EPPO Standard PM PM 5/3(5) Decision-support scheme for quarantine pests (available at http://archives.eppo.int/EPPOStandards/pra.htm) and uses the terminology defined in ISPM 5 Glossary of Phytosanitary Terms (available at https://www.ippc.int/index.php). This document was first elaborated by an Expert Working Group and then reviewed by the Panel on Phytosanitary Measures and if relevant other EPPO bodies. Cite this document as: EPPO (2014) Pest risk analysis for Polygraphus proximus. EPPO, Paris. Available at http://www.eppo.int/QUARANTINE/Pest_Risk_Analysis/PRA_intro.htm Photo: Adult of Polygraphus proximus, Krasnoyarsk region (RU). Courtesy: Evgeni Akulov (RU). 15-21047 (14-19313, 13-19062) Pest Risk Analysis for Polygraphus proximus This PRA follows EPPO Standard PM 5/3 (5) EPPO Decision-support scheme for quarantine pests. A preliminary draft has been prepared by the EPPO Secretariat and served as a basis for the work of an Expert Working Group that met in the EPPO Headquarters in Paris on 2012-12-03/06. This EWG was composed of: Ms Iris BERNARDINELLI - Servizio Fitosanitario e Chimico, Pozzuolo Del Friuli, Italy Ms Rositsa DIMITROVA (core member) - Risk Assessment Centre, Sofia, Bulgaria Mr Milos KNIZEK - Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Praha, Czech Republic Mr Oleg KULINICH - Dept of Forest Quarantine, All-Russian Center of Plant Quarantine, Moscow, Russian Federation Mr Ferenc LAKATOS - Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection, Sopron, Hungary Mr Ake LINDELOW - Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, Department of Ecology, Uppsala, Sweden Mr Lucio MONTECCHIO (core member) -Università di Padova, Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali, Padova, Italy In addition, Mr Yuri BARANCHIKOV (V.N.
  • Morphology, Genetics and Wolbachia Endosymbionts Support Distinctiveness of Monochamus Sartor Sartor and M

    Morphology, Genetics and Wolbachia Endosymbionts Support Distinctiveness of Monochamus Sartor Sartor and M

    76 (1): 123 –135 14.5.2018 © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2018. Morphology, genetics and Wolbachia endosymbionts support distinctiveness of Monochamus sartor sartor and M. s. urussovii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Radosław Plewa 1, Katarzyna Sikora 1, Jerzy M. Gutowski 2, Tomasz Jaworski 1, Grzegorz Tarwacki 1, Miłosz Tkaczyk 1, Robert Rossa 3, Jacek Hilszczański 1, Giulia Magoga 4 & Łukasz Kajtoch *, 5 1 Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute, Sękocin Stary, Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland; Radosław Plewa [[email protected]]; Katarzyna Sikora [[email protected]]; Tomasz Jaworski [[email protected]]; Grzegorz Tarwacki [[email protected]]; Miłosz Tkaczyk [[email protected]]; Jacek Hilszczański [[email protected]] — 2 Department of Natural Forests, Forest Research Institute, Park Dyrekcyjny 6, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland; Jerzy M. Gutowski [[email protected]. pl] — 3 Institute of Forest Ecosystem Protection, Agricultural University, 29-listopada 46, 31-425, Kraków, Poland; Robert Rossa [rlrossa @cyf-kr.edu.pl] — 4 Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 MI; Giulia Magoga [[email protected]] — 5 Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland; Łukasz Kajtoch [[email protected]] — * Corresponding author Accepted 02.ii.2018. Published online at www.senckenberg.de/arthropod-systematics on 30.iv.2018. Editors in charge: Julia Goldberg & Klaus-Dieter Klass Abstract. Monochamus sartor sartor from Central European mountain ranges and M. s. urussovii from the Eurasian boreal zone are sub- species whose taxonomic statuses have been questioned.
  • EPPO Reporting Service

    EPPO Reporting Service

    ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE EUROPEAN AND ET MEDITERRANEENNE MEDITERRANEAN POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES PLANT PROTECTION ORGANIZATION EPPO Reporting Service NO. 8 PARIS, 2017-08 General 2017/145 New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List 2017/146 Quarantine list of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) 2017/147 EPPO communication kits: new templates for pest-specific posters and leaflets Pests 2017/148 Rhynchophorus ferrugineus does not occur in Australia 2017/149 Platynota stultana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): added again to the EPPO Alert List Diseases 2017/150 First report of Puccinia hemerocallidis in Portugal 2017/151 First report of Pantoea stewartii in Malaysia 2017/152 Citrus leprosis disease is associated with several viruses 2017/153 Brevipalpus phoenicis, vector of citrus leprosis, is a species complex Invasive plants 2017/154 The suppressive potential of some grass species on the growth and development of Ambrosia artemisiifolia 2017/155 Bidens subalternans in the EPPO region: addition to the EPPO Alert List 2017/156 Abiotic constraints and biotic resistance control the establishment success of Humulus scandens 21 Bld Richard Lenoir Tel: 33 1 45 20 77 94 E-mail: [email protected] 75011 Paris Fax: 33 1 70 76 65 47 Web: www.eppo.int EPPO Reporting Service 2017 no. 8 - General 2017/145 New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List By searching through the literature, the EPPO Secretariat has extracted the following new data concerning quarantine pests and pests included (or formerly included) on the EPPO Alert List, and indicated in bold the situation of the pest concerned using the terms of ISPM no.
  • Downloads/Updates/2010/Programupdate-2010-Qtr4

    Downloads/Updates/2010/Programupdate-2010-Qtr4

    United States Department of Proceedings Agriculture 22nd U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Interagency Research Forum on Northern Research Station Invasive Species 2011 General Technical Report NRS-P-92 Joint Research and the XXII Power of Cooperation RESEARCH January 11-14, 2011 USDA Annapolis, Maryland The fi ndings and conclusions of each article in this publication are those of the individual author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the Forest Service. All articles were received in digital format and were edited for uniform type and style. Each author is responsible for the accuracy and content of his or her paper. The use of trade, fi rm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the Forest Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. This publication/database reports research involving pesticides. It CAUTION: does not contain recommendations for their use, nor does it imply that PESTICIDES the uses discussed here have been registered. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate State and/or Federal, agencies before they can be recommended. CAUTION: Pesticides can be injurious to humans, domestic animals, desirable plants, and fi sh or other wildlife—if they are not handled or applied properly. Use all pesticides selectively and carefully. Follow recommended practices for the disposal of surplus pesticides and pesticide containers. COVER ARTWORK by Vincent D’Amico, U.S.
  • Diversity Studies in Koitajoki (3.4 MB, Pdf)

    Diversity Studies in Koitajoki (3.4 MB, Pdf)

    Metsähallituksen luonnonsuojelujulkaisuja. Sarja A, No 131 Nature Protection Publications of the Finnish Forest and Park Service. Series A, No 131 Diversity studies in Koitajoki Area (North Karelian Biosphere Reserve, Ilomantsi, Finland) Timo J. Hokkanen (editor) Timo J. Hokkanen (editor) North Karelian Biosphere Reserve FIN-82900 Ilomantsi, FINLAND [email protected] The authors of the publication are responsible for the contents. The publication is not an official statement of Metsähallitus. Julkaisun sisällöstä vastaavat tekijät, eikä julkaisuun voida vedota Metsähallituksen virallisesna kannanottona. ISSN 1235-6549 ISBN 952-446-325-3 Oy Edita Ab Helsinki 2001 Cover picture:Veli-Matti Väänänen © Metsähallitus 2001 DOCUMENTATION PAGE Published by Date of publication Metsähallitus 14.9.2001 Author(s) Type of publication Research report Timo J. Hokkanen (editor) Commissioned by Date of assignment / Date of the research contract Title of publication Diversity studies in Koitajoki Area (North Karelian Biosphere Reserve, Ilomantsi, Finland) Parts of publication Abstract The mature forests of Koitajoki Area in Ilomantsi were studied in the North Karelian Biosphere Reserve Finnish – Russian researches in 1993-1998. Russian researchers from Petrozavodsk (Karelian Research Centre) , St Peters- burg (Komarov Botanical Institute) and Moscow (Moscow State University) were involved in the studies. The goal of the researches was to study the biolgical value of the prevailing forest fragments. An index of the value of the forest fragments was compiled. The index includes the amount and quality and suc- cession of the decaying wood in the sites. The groups studied were Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and ap- hyllophoraceous fungi. Coleoptera species were were most numerous in Tapionaho, where there were over 200 spedies found of the total number of 282 found in the studies.
  • RA 2020-17 Delimiting of Biological Invasions.Indd

    RA 2020-17 Delimiting of Biological Invasions.Indd

    Delimiting of biological invasions – an overview of strategies and tools with pine wood nematode as a case study • This report presents general Pros and Cons of different strategies and survey tools for delimiting surveys of invasive species. • If pine wood nematode was to establish in Sweden, it is most likely that it would have time to spread over a considerable area before it would be detected. • The strategy for delimiting survey of pine wood nematode in Sweden should be to survey sequential zones around the detection point until there are no more records of the species. Rapport 2020:17 Delimiting of biological invasions – an overview of strategies and tools with pine wood nematode as a case study The Swedish Board of Agriculture is as the Swedish Plant Health Authority continuously developing its capability for handling detection of plant pests and pathogens that are new for the country and may cause severe damages if established. One example of such a pest is pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus that if established may have significant impact on Swedish pine forests and trade of wood products. The binding requirements for control of an outbreak of pine wood nematode in the EU are specified in Commission Implementing Decision 2012/535/EU. This Decision includes requirements for all EU Member States to carry out surveys in order to detect any occurrence of pine wood nematode as early as possible after an introduction and in case of an outbreak to delimit the geographical area, which must be subject to official measures. One crucial aspect in a contingency plan for pine wood nematode and other quarantine pests, is how to delimit the infested area.
  • A Review of the European Species of Monochamus Dejean, 1821 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) – with a Description of the Genitalia Characters

    A Review of the European Species of Monochamus Dejean, 1821 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) – with a Description of the Genitalia Characters

    © Norwegian Journal of Entomology. 25 June 2013 A review of the European species of Monochamus Dejean, 1821 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) – with a description of the genitalia characters HENRIK WALLIN, MARTIN SCHROEDER & TORSTEIN KVAMME Wallin, H., Schroeder, M. & Kvamme, T. 2013. A review of the European species of Monochamus Dejean, 1821 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) – with a description of the genitalia characters. Norwegian Journal of Entomology 60, 11–38. The male and female genitalia characters of the European species of Monochamus Dejean, 1821, are described and compared in detail for the first time. The sclerites inside the median phallomer (internal sac) of M. sutor (Linnaeus, 1758) and M. galloprovincialis (Olivier, 1795) differ from those of all other examined species, and appear to be the best characters to separate M. sutor from M. galloprovincialis. There are no differences between the male or female genitalia characters of M. sartor (Fabricius, 1787) and M. urussovi (Fischer von Waldheim, 1805). Thus, M. urussovi is regarded as a subspecies of M. sartor: M. sartor urussovi nov. stat. The present results also support that the previously considered subspecies M. galloprovincialis pistor (Germar, 1818) is a true junior synonym of M. galloprovincialis galloprovincialis. No sclerites occur inside the internal sac of M. saltuarius (Gebler, 1830). The internal sac of M. sartor sartor (Fabricius, 1787), M. sartor urussovi and M. impluviatus impluviatus (Motschulsky, 1859) are distinctly different from the other European species of Monochamus: there is an elongated tube (terminal segment) inside the internal sac containing two very small and weakly sclerotized plates in M. sartor sartor and M. sartor urussovi and a larger sclerite in M.
  • Life Science Journal 2014;11(5S) 171

    Life Science Journal 2014;11(5S) 171

    Life Science Journal 2014;11(5s) http://www.lifesciencesite.com Molecular-genetic identification of emerged novel invasive pathogens of Asiatic Elm Ulmus pumila L 1M. Turaliyeva, 1A.Yeshibaev, 2 I. Digel, 1G. Elibayeva, 1A. Sydykova, 1A. Uspabayeva, 3G. Dosybayeva, 1A. Zhylysbayeva and 3K. Lakhanova 1 Department of Biotechnology, South Kazakhstan State University named after M. Auezov, Shymkent, Kazakhstan 2 Institute of Bioengineering, FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Juelich, 52428, Germany 3Kh.Yassavi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Divaeva Str. 142/9, Shymkent, 160013, Kazakhstan Abstract. The dwarf elm Ulmus pumila L. (Ulmaceae) is one of indigenous species of flora in Kazakhstan and forms a basis of dendroflora in virtually all settlements of the region. In the past decade, multiple outbreaks of previously unknown diseases of the small-leaved elm have been registered. In our study, by the molecular-genetic analysis it was found that the pathogens responsible for the outbreaks are microfungi belonging to the genus Fusarium – F. solani and F. oxysporum. The nucleotide sequences (ITS regions) isolated from the diseased trees showed very high similarity with the GenBank control numbers EU625403.1 and FJ478128.1 (100.0 and 99.0 % respectively). Oncoming research will focus on the search of natural microbial antagonists of the discovered phytopathogens. [Turaliyeva M., Yeshibaev A., Digel I., Elibayeva G., Sydykova A., Uspabayeva A., Dosybayeva G., Zhylysbayeva A., Lakhanova K. Molecular-genetic identification of emerged novel invasive pathogens of Asiatic Elm Ulmus pumila L. Life Sci J 2014;11(5s):171-175]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 33 Keywords: Phytopathogen, dwarf elm, Fusarium, toxicity, micromycetes, antagonists, molecular-genetic analysis.

  • Exotic Pests of Eastern Forests Conference Proceedings

    Exotic Pests of Eastern Forests CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS Presented by: Tennessee Exotic Pest Plant Council USDA Forest Service April 8- 10, 1997 Clubhouse Inn & Conference Center Nashville, TN Sponsors: Tennessee Dept. of Agriculture USDA Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service TN Dept. of Environment and Conservation Southern Appalachian Man and Biosphere USDI National Park Service Western Carolina University's Mountain Resource Center Edited By Kerry 0. Britton ii Conference Planning Team Members Dan Brown, Co-Chair Brian Bowen, Co-Chair Kerry Britton Dan Kucera Rick Ledbetter Trisha Brannon Randy Westbrooks Bob Eplee Phillip Gibson Bruce Kauffman Monty Maldonado Carol Ferguson Russ McKinney Phil Wargo Bill Wallner Susan Hooks Levester Pendergrass Deb Hayes Dave Thomas Tom Hofacker Jim Brown Bill Mattson 111 IV Proceedings Exotic Pests of Eastern Forests Conference INTRODUCTION Invasive exotic pest plants, diseases, and insects, have had a dramatic impact on the health and composition of the Eastern forests for many decades. Chestnut blight was discovered in the United States in 1904. Since then, it has virtually destroyed the chestnut population, which once occupied 25 percent of the eastern forest. In the 1860's, the gypsy moth was accidentally released in Massachusetts. Since then, it has become established in 16 states, and for most of the past 15 years, has defoliated a million acres of hardwood trees each year. Kudzu was introduced into the United States in 1876, and later distributed to many states in an effort to control agricultural erosion. It did not control erosion; rather, it became one of the most serious pest plants in the southeast, where it now covers seven million acres.