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A Confusion of Institutions: Spanish Law and Practice in a Francophone Colony, Louisiana, 1763-Circa 1798
THE TULANE EUROPEAN AND CIVIL LAW FORUM VOLUME 31/32 2017 A Confusion of Institutions: Spanish Law and Practice in a Francophone Colony, Louisiana, 1763-circa 1798 Paul E Hoffman* I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 1 II. THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM AND LOCAL LAW AND ORDER .................... 4 III. SLAVERY ............................................................................................. 13 IV. CONCLUSION ...................................................................................... 20 I. INTRODUCTION French Louisiana had been a thorn in the flank of Spain’s Atlantic Empire from its founding in 1699. Failure to remove that thorn in 1699 and again in 1716, when doing so would have been comparatively easy and Spanish naval forces were positioned to do so, meant that by 1762 the wound had festered, so that the colony had become what La Salle, Iberville, Bienville, and their royal masters had envisioned: a smuggling station through which French goods reached New Spain and Cuba and their goods—dye stuffs and silver mostly—reached France and helped to pay the costs of a colony that consumed more than it produced, at least so 1 far as the French crown’s finances were concerned. * © 2017 Paul E Hoffman. Professor Emeritus of History, Louisiana State University. 1. I have borrowed the “thorn” from ROBERT S. WEDDLE, THE FRENCH THORN: RIVAL EXPLORERS IN THE SPANISH SEA, 1682-1762 (1991); ROBERT S. WEDDLE, CHANGING TIDES: TWILIGHT AND DAWN IN THE SPANISH SEA, 1763-1803 (1995) (carries the story of explorations). The most detailed history of the French colony to 1731 is the five volumes of A History of French Louisiana: MARCEL GIRAUD, 1-4 HISTOIRE DE LA LOUISIANA FRANÇAISE (1953-74); 1 A HISTORY OF FRENCH LOUISIANA: THE REIGN OF LOUIS XIV, 1698-1715 (Joseph C. -
Contraband Trade, the Asiento Contract, and Conflict in The
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by The University of Utah: J. Willard Marriott Digital Library A TALE OF TWO PORT CITIES: CONTRABAND TRADE, THE ASIENTO CONTRACT, AND CONFLICT IN THE EARLY MODERN CARIBBEAN by Casey Sylvia Schmitt A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of Utah in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of History The University of Utah May 2011 Copyright © Casey Sylvia Schmitt 2011 All Rights Reserved The University of Utah Graduate School STATEMENT OF THESIS APPROVAL The thesis of Casey Sylvia Schmitt has been approved by the following supervisory committee members: Rebecca Horn , Chair March 2011 Date Approved Eric Hinderaker , Member March 2011 Date Approved Nadja Durbach , Member March 2011 Date Approved and by James R. Lehning , Chair of the Department of History and by Charles A. Wight, Dean of The Graduate School. ABSTRACT The long and lucrative history of smuggling in the early modern period receives the attention of colonial scholars only as it relates to their isolated geographic field of study, ignoring the broader history that linked imperial economies in a mercantilist age. This thesis addresses the history of eighteenth-century smuggling in the Caribbean by examining both British and Spanish sources in order to shift the angle of focus away from imperial metanarratives and towards an understanding of the commercial networks forged between Spanish and British colonists on the periphery of empire. By examining the contraband trade between Jamaican merchants and residents of Cartagena, this work explores the blurred lines of colonial jurisprudence as well as the commercial networks necessary to the survival of those colonial spheres. -
Rebellion in Spanish Louisiana During the Ulloa, O
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2010 The poisonous wine from Catalonia: rebellion in Spanish Louisiana during the Ulloa, O'Reilly, and Carondelet administrations Timothy Paul Achee Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Achee, Timothy Paul, "The poisonous wine from Catalonia: rebellion in Spanish Louisiana during the Ulloa, O'Reilly, and Carondelet administrations" (2010). LSU Master's Theses. 399. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/399 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE POISONOUS WINE FROM CATALONIA: REBELLION IN SPANISH LOUISIANA DURING THE ULLOA, O’REILLY, AND CARONDELET ADMINISTRATIONS A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts In The Department of History By Timothy Paul Achee, Jr. B.A., Louisiana State University, 2006 B.A. (art history), Louisiana State University, 2006 MLIS, Louisiana State University, 2008 May, 2010 For my father- I wish you were here ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis could not have been written without the support and patience of several people. I would like to take a moment to acknowledge some of them. Dr. Paul Hoffman provided invaluable guidance, encouragement and advice. -
The Maritime Voyage of Jorge Juan to the Viceroyalty of Peru (1735-1746)
The Maritime Voyage of Jorge Juan to the Viceroyalty of Peru (1735-1746) Enrique Martínez-García — Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas* María Teresa Martínez-García — Kansas University** Translated into English (August 2012) One of the most famous scientific expeditions of the Enlightenment was carried out by a colorful group of French and Spanish scientists—including the new Spanish Navy lieutenants D. Jorge Juan y Santacilia (Novelda 1713-Madrid 1773) and D. Antonio de Ulloa y de la Torre-Giralt (Seville 1716-Isla de León 1795)—at the Royal Audience of Quito in the Viceroyalty of Peru between 1736 and 1744. There, the expedition conducted geodesic and astronomical observations to calculate a meridian arc associated with a degree in the Equator and to determine the shape of the Earth. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Paris, immersed in the debate between Cartesians (according to whom the earth was a spheroid elongated along the axis of rotation (as a "melon")) and Newtonians (for whom it was a spheroid flattened at the poles (as a "watermelon")), decided to resolve this dispute by comparing an arc measured near the Equator (in the Viceroyalty of Peru, present-day Ecuador) with another measured near the North Pole (in Lapland). The expedition to the Equator, which is the one that concerns us in this note, was led by Louis Godin (1704-1760), while Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (1698-1759) headed the expedition to Lapland. The knowledge of the shape and size of the Earth had great importance for the improvement of cartographic, geographic, and navigation techniques during that time. -
Notices of the Pagan Igorots in 1789 - Part Two
Notices of the Pagan Igorots in 1789 - Part Two By Francisco A ntolin, 0 . P. Translated by W illiam Henry Scott Translator’s Note Fray Francisco Antolin was a Dominican missionary in Dupax and Aritao,Nueva Vizcaya,in the Philippines,between the years 1769 and 1789,who was greatly interested in the pagan tribes generally called “Igorots” in the nearby mountains of the Cordillera Central of northern Luzon. His unpublished 1789 manuscript,Noticias de los infieles igor- rotes en lo interior de la Isla de M anila was an attempt to bring to gether all information then available about these peoples,from published books and pamphlets, archival sources, and personal diaries, corre spondence, interviews and inquiries. An English translation of Part One was published in this journal,V o l.29,pp. 177-253,as “Notices of the pagan Igorots in 1789,” together with a translator’s introduction and a note on the translation. Part Two is presented herewith. Part Two is basically a collection of source materials arranged in chronological order, to which Esther Antolin added comments and discussion where he thought it necessary,and an appendix of citations and discourses (illustraciones) on controversial interpretations. With the exception of some of the Royal Orders (cedulas reales) ,these docu ments are presented in extract or paraphrase rather than as verbatim quotations for the purpose of saving space,removing material of no direct interest,or of suppressing what Father Antolin,as a child of the 18th-century Enlightenment, evidently considered excessive sanctity. Occasionally it is impossible to tell where the quotation ends and Father Antolin,s own comments begin without recourse to the original,which recourse has been made throughout the present translation except in the case of works on the history of mining in Latin America which were not locally available. -
LA TRATA DE ESCLAVOS (1536-1776) Las Licencias.~ - S
LA TRATA DE ESCLAVOS (1536-1776) Las licencias.~ - s -- . -. _. Para el momento de la primera fundación de En 1538, León Pancaldo, que se dirigía al Buenos Aires, la esclavitud era considerada Perú a vender mercancías por cuenta de dos - como un eficaz complemento de toda empresa ‘comerciantes, debió llegar de arribada a Buenos --/colonizadora. En la capitulación concedida a ! Aires y los oficiales reales lo acusaron de haber _ !Pedro de Mendoza el 21 de mayo de 1534 se ,introducido dos esclavos sin licencia. Ambas prevé una licencia, formalizada por real cédula partes convinieron en que mientras se decidía del 19 de julio, para que aquél pueda llevar el caso fuesen vendidos los negros en pública .-.- libres de derechos a las tierras de su gobema- almoneda, realizándose así el 10 de enero de - ción 200 esclavos negros -la mitad hombres y 1539 lo que quizá fue la primera venta pública -Ila mitad mujeres- procedentes de España, Por- .de esclavos llevada a cabo en Buenos Airesl. /tugal! Guinea o Islas de Cabo Verde, sin más Despoblada la ciudad, la segunda fundación --icondrcron que la de no venderlos en otras pro- ‘por Juan de Garay se produjo cuando España -i vincias. Pero Iuego, alegando que no podía ya había estructurado un régimen comercial _., llevar los negros a una región no pacificada que privilegiaba el área del Caribe, de modo aún como era el Río de la Plata, consiguió que que Roberto Levillier ha podido decir con ver- ‘- se le permitiera venderlos en cualquier parte’. ‘dad que por haber nacido a deshora Buenos Aires fue rechazada como una intrusa del festín dos por Buenos Aires fueron rápidamente absor- ., ya preparado para otros centros más afortuna- bidos por los mercados altoperuanos, especial dos. -
The Thirty-Third Volunteer Infantry Regiment in the Philippine War
SERVICE HONEST AND FAITHFUL: THE THIRTY-THIRD VOLUNTEER INFANTRY REGIMENT IN THE PHILIPPINE WAR, 1899-1901 Jack D. Andersen, M.A. Dissertation Prepared for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS December 2017 APPROVED: Richard B. McCaslin, Major Professor Roberto R. Calderón, Committee Member Harland Hagler, Committee Member Brian M. Linn, Committee Member Nancy L. Stockdale, Committee Member Harold M. Tanner, Chair of the Department of History David Holdeman, Dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences Victor Prybutok, Dean of the Toulouse Graduate School Andersen, Jack D. Service Honest and Faithful: The Thirty-Third Volunteer Infantry Regiment in the Philippine War, 1899-1901. Doctor of Philosophy (History), December 2017, 269 pp., bibliography, 72 primary resources, 97 secondary resources. This manuscript is a study of the Thirty-Third Infantry, United States Volunteers, a regiment that was recruited in Texas, the South, and the Midwest and was trained by officers experienced from the Indian Wars and the Spanish-American War. This regiment served as a front-line infantry unit and then as a constabulary force during the Philippine War from 1899 until 1901. While famous in the United States as a highly effective infantry regiment during the Philippine War, the unit's fame and the lessons that it offered American war planners faded in time and were overlooked in favor of conventional fighting. In addition, the experiences of the men of the regiment belie the argument that the Philippine War was a brutal and racist imperial conflict akin to later interventions such as the Vietnam War. -
Cuadernos De Estudios Borjanos, L-LI
CEB L-LI, portada 9/4/08 12:36 Pagina 1 C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Cuadernos de Estudios Centro de Estudios Borjanos EXCMA. DIPUTACIÓN DE ZARAGOZA Borjanos Institución «Fernando el Católico» L-LI ÍNDICE Pág. Gracia Rivas, Manuel Trejo Rivera, Flor. Introducción 9 El naufragio del Nuestra Señora del Juncal: una aproximación a la navegación Programa de la Reunión 13 trasatlántica en el siglo XVII 237 Construcción Naval: Bettencourt, José y Carvalho, Patricia. A carga do navio Ria de Aveiro A (Ílhavo, Alves Salgado, Augusto A. Portugal): uma aproximação preliminar ao Os galeões da Coroa de Portugal o período seu significado histórico-cultural 257 Filipino. Influências e Características 19 Cartografía y Navegación: Rahn Phillips, Carla. Contente Domingues, Francisco y Spanish Shipbuilding in the Late 17th Century: Varandas, José Manuel. Art, Science and Bureaucracy 33 Recursos para História Marítima Portuguesa Ferreira Loureiro, Vanessa. 1200-1700. Um projecto de investigação face O Liuro da Fabrica das Naos e o Livro Primeiro ao estado da arte 291 da Architectura Naval em números 53 Pinzón Ríos, Guadalupe. Blanco Núñez, José María. Exploración y experiencia náutica en las El asiento con D. Martín de Arístegui para costas del Pacífico novohipano (siglo XVIII) 305 la construcción naval en La Habana y el Rákcóczi, István. nacimiento del Arsenal dieciochesco habanero 87 De Maluccis Insulis de Maximilianus Esteban Piñeiro, Mariano y Transilvanus: una fuente olvidada, Vicente Maroto, María Isabel. una fuente por explorar 329 Los orígenes de la Escuadra de Galicia en Malhão Pereira, José Manuel. un manuscrito de la Biblioteca Um manuscrito de cerca de 1767, do P. -
La Guerra De La Oreja De Jenkins
LA GUERRA DE LA OREJA DE JENKINS El desarrollo de la guerra La llamada «guerra de la Oreja de Jenkins» o «del Asiento» (1739- 1748) tuvo su origen en el enfrentamiento de dos conceptos económicos dis tintos: el monopolio comercial que pretendía conservar España en sus colo nias americanas (aunque estuviese resquebrajado por el asiento de negros y el navio de permiso concedidos en Utrecht7) y la libertad comercial que desea ban los ingleses. Las visitas de los guardacostas españoles (muchos armados por particulares8, por lo que podrían ser considerados corsarios) y las confis caciones de las autoridades hispanas no podían menos que molestar a los in gleses. También existían tensiones en la delimitación de las fronteras entre Geor gia y la Florida. Un episodio secundario, la pérdida en 1731 de la oreja del capitán Ro- bert Jenkins, fue el pobre pretexto en que el partido belicista del duque de Newcastle se apoyó para demostrar la justicia moral de su causa. Pero Jenkins era un vulgar contrabandista que, según la tradición inglesa, había sido herido durante la visita de un guardacostas de La Habana mandado por el capitán Juan de León Fandino , así que el grupo favorable a la guerra defendía un libre comercio (inglés, claro está) que rompía los tratados previos con España. El primer ministro británico, Horacio Walpole, deseaba evitar la guerra y logró un acuerdo, la Convención del Pardo (14 de enero de 1739), por el que el Gobierno español se comprometía a pagar 95.000 libras por los daños cau sados a los mercantes ingleses. Lo que parecía una solución a la crisis fue el principio del último sendero hacia la guerra. -
The French of Nouvelle Orleans Did Not Welcome Their Spanish Rulers with Open Arms When the Louisiana Territory Was Ceded to Spain in 1762
NEW ORLEANS From Bienville to Bourbon Street to bounce. 300 moments that make New Orleans unique. WHAT HAPPENED Spain ruled 1718 ~ 2018 the Louisiana territory for 40 years beginning 300 in 1762. TRICENTENNIAL The French of Nouvelle Orleans did not welcome their Spanish rulers with open arms when the Louisiana territory was ceded to Spain in 1762. Yet, over time, the Spanish government made great im- provements to the city and the territory, firmly establishing The Cabildo, shown here in commerce and populating the territory. 1904, was built Spain gained possession of Louisiana after helping the as the seat of French win the French and Indian War. But Spain was slow Spanish govern- ment after the to assert its authority. The first governor, Antonio de Ulloa, Great Fire of New didn’t arrive until 1766 and then implemented trade restric- Orleans in 1788. tions and limited the Superior Council’s authority. The French revolted and sent Ulloa, who did not have an Army, back to Spain. Spain sent the Irish- born Alessandro “Bloody” O’Reilly, to the territory in August 1769 with 2,000 troops to quash rebellion. He Tile signs placed the territory under a Cabildo, a combined municipal with the council and judicial system, divided Louisiana into parishes, Spanish co- banned Indian slavery and created a militia. Under the next lonial names of the streets governor, Luis de Unzaga y Amezaga, Spain began expand- of the French ing the promise of Louisiana, helping establish a strong mar- Quarter were a gift from ket for tobacco and increasing the territory’s population by the Spanish 500 percent from 1763 through 1799 by importing Spanish, government to the city in French and German immigrants. -
Luis De Unzaga and Bourbon Reform in Spanish Louisiana, 1770--1776
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 2000 Luis De Unzaga and Bourbon Reform in Spanish Louisiana, 1770--1776. Julia Carpenter Frederick Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Frederick, Julia Carpenter, "Luis De Unzaga and Bourbon Reform in Spanish Louisiana, 1770--1776." (2000). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 7355. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/7355 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy subm itted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. -
A Splendid Little War"
A S P L E N D I D L I T T L E W A R A CHRONOLOGY OF HEROISM IN THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR By C. Douglas Sterner Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 A War Looking for an Excuse to Happen ................................................................... 3 Manifest Destiny & Yellow Journalism ................................................................. 5 Prelude to War ............................................................................................................. 8 Remember the Maine .................................................................................................. 11 Trouble in Paradise ...................................................................................................... 17 The Battle of Manila Bay ............................................................................................ 21 Cutting the Cables at Cienfuegos ................................................................................ 25 Cable Cutters Who Received Medals of Honor ..................................................... 29 The Sinking of the Merrimac ...................................................................................... 33 War in The Jungle ....................................................................................................... 43 Guantanamo Bay ................................................................................................... 44 The Cuzco Well .....................................................................................................