ANNOUNCEMENT December 15, 2013
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Muslim Communities of Georgia
AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF ARMENIA Muslim Communities of Georgia: External Influences and Domestic Challenges A MASTER’S ESSAY SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS FOR PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF ARTS BY AMALYA FLJYAN YEREVAN, ARMENIA MAY 2015 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….....4 Islam in Georgia: Background .…………………………………………………..……..6 Chapter 1: Literature Review…………………………………………………………………..8 Research Methodology………………………………………………………………………..14 Chapter 2: External Influences and Muslim Communities of Georgia.……………………....15 2.1 Turkey…………………………………………………………………………......15 2.2 Azerbaijan…………………………………………………………………………28 2.3 Iran………………………………………………………………………………...40 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………...…….45 Bibliography……………………………………………....…………………………………...47 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to people who supported me throughout the whole process of work on my Master’s Essay. First and foremost I would like to thank my supervisor Dr. Vahram Ter-Matevosyan. This work would not be possible without his constant support, patience, energy and dedication. The guidance and encouragement provided throughout the whole period of work on my research contributed to the overall development of my work. I was very fortunate to work with you. Further, I would like to thank the American University of Armenia and the Department of Political Science and International Affairs for creating perfect environment for academic studies. I would like specially thank Dr. Yevgenya Paturyan for her help, support and guidance during the course on Research Design. Your advice was very valuable during the first period of work on our Master’s essays. I would like to thank the Program Chair of the Department of Political Science and International for his work as program chair and support in academic endeavors. -
Georgian Polyphony in a Century of Research: Foreword from the Editors
In: Echoes from Georgia: Seventeen Arguments on Georgian Polyphony. Rusudan Tsurtsumia and Joseph Jordania (Eds.). New York: Nova Science, 2010: xvii-xxii GEORGIAN POLYPHONY IN A CENTURY OF RESEARCH: FOREWORD FROM THE EDITORS Joseph Jordania and Rusudan Tsurtsumia This collection represents some of the most important authors and their writings about Georgian traditional polyphony for the last century. The collection is designed to give the reader the most possibly complete picture of the research on Georgian polyphony. Articles are given in a chronological order, and the original year of the publication (or completing the work) is given at every entry. As the article of Simha Arom and Polo Vallejo gives the comprehensive review of the whole collection, we are going instead to give a reader more general picture of research directions in the studies of Georgian traditional polyphony. We can roughly divide the whole research activities about Georgian traditional polyphony into six periods: (1) before the 1860s, (2) from the 1860s to 1900, (3) from the 1900s to 1930, (4) from the 1930s to 1950, (5) from the 1950s to 1990, and (6) from the 1990s till today. The first period (which lasted longest, which is usual for many time-based classifications), covers the period before the 1860s. Two important names from Georgian cultural history stand out from this period: Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani (17th-18th centuries), and Ioane Bagrationi (beginning of the 18th-19th centuries). Both of them were highly educated people by the standards of their time. Ioane Bagrationi (1768-1830), known also as Batonishvili (lit. “Prince”) was the heir of Bagrationi dynasty of Georgian kings. -
Religious Freedom in the Caucasus
1 0 8th CONGRESS Printed for the use of the 2nd Session Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN THE CAUCASUS ( IFC-S-C-El r July 21, 2004 Briefing of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe WASHINGTON: 2004 COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE 234 Ford House Office Building Washington, DC 20515-6460 (202) 225-1901 [email protected] http://ww.csce.gov LEGISlATIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS HOUSE SENATE CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey BEN NIGHTHORSE CAMPBELL, Colorado Chairman Co-Chairman FRANK R. WOLF, Virginia SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas JOSEPH R. PITTS, Pennsylvania GORDON H. SMITH, Oregon ROBERT B. ADERHOLT, Alabama KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas ANNE M. NORTHUP, Kentucky SAXBY CHAMBLISS, Georgia BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland CHRISTOPHER J. DODD, Connecticut LOUISE MCINTOSH SLAUGHTER, New York BOB GRAHAM, Florida ALCEE L. HASTINGS, Florida RUSSELL D. FEINGOLD, Wisconsin MIKE MCINTYRE, North Carolina HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON New York ExEcuTwE BRANCH ComIssIoNERs LORNE W. CRANER, Department of State VACANT, Department of Defense WILLIAM HENRY LASH fI, Department of Commerce it ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION FOR SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE The Helsinki process, formally titled the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, traces its origin to the signing of the Helsinki Final Act in Finland on August 1, 1975, by the leaders of 33 European countries, the United States and Canada. As of January 1, 1995, the Helsinki process was renamed the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). The membership of the OSCE has expanded to 55 participating States, reflecting the breakup of the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. -
Zerohack Zer0pwn Youranonnews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men
Zerohack Zer0Pwn YourAnonNews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men YamaTough Xtreme x-Leader xenu xen0nymous www.oem.com.mx www.nytimes.com/pages/world/asia/index.html www.informador.com.mx www.futuregov.asia www.cronica.com.mx www.asiapacificsecuritymagazine.com Worm Wolfy Withdrawal* WillyFoReal Wikileaks IRC 88.80.16.13/9999 IRC Channel WikiLeaks WiiSpellWhy whitekidney Wells Fargo weed WallRoad w0rmware Vulnerability Vladislav Khorokhorin Visa Inc. Virus Virgin Islands "Viewpointe Archive Services, LLC" Versability Verizon Venezuela Vegas Vatican City USB US Trust US Bankcorp Uruguay Uran0n unusedcrayon United Kingdom UnicormCr3w unfittoprint unelected.org UndisclosedAnon Ukraine UGNazi ua_musti_1905 U.S. Bankcorp TYLER Turkey trosec113 Trojan Horse Trojan Trivette TriCk Tribalzer0 Transnistria transaction Traitor traffic court Tradecraft Trade Secrets "Total System Services, Inc." Topiary Top Secret Tom Stracener TibitXimer Thumb Drive Thomson Reuters TheWikiBoat thepeoplescause the_infecti0n The Unknowns The UnderTaker The Syrian electronic army The Jokerhack Thailand ThaCosmo th3j35t3r testeux1 TEST Telecomix TehWongZ Teddy Bigglesworth TeaMp0isoN TeamHav0k Team Ghost Shell Team Digi7al tdl4 taxes TARP tango down Tampa Tammy Shapiro Taiwan Tabu T0x1c t0wN T.A.R.P. Syrian Electronic Army syndiv Symantec Corporation Switzerland Swingers Club SWIFT Sweden Swan SwaggSec Swagg Security "SunGard Data Systems, Inc." Stuxnet Stringer Streamroller Stole* Sterlok SteelAnne st0rm SQLi Spyware Spying Spydevilz Spy Camera Sposed Spook Spoofing Splendide -
A Message of Hope from World Leaders Book Overview
The Vine A Message of Hope from World Leaders Book Overview 2020 has been an incredibly challenging year. It has been a time to reflect and as S.A. Sachs once said, "Hope rises like a phoenix from the ashes of shattered dreams." Amid these great moments of change, disappointment and tragedy, every human being has the ability to find their message of hope in the chaos of suffering. This is critical as we guide the next generation to do the same. The arrival of the global pandemic in 2020 was the first time in history that something of this magnitude had affected every living being on Earth and in a way, there was some sense of comfort that we are all in this together. The virus did not care about our class or country, our political or religious affiliation, our skin color or gender and it taught us that we cannot succeed without the cooperation of others and that most importantly we are fallible. During this year the Flower of Life came to my mind many times and if you are not familiar it is a geometric pattern of overlapping circles that has been used for over 6,000 years and is said to represent the cycle of creation, a sort of blue print for all of life with everything from atoms, to plants to whole planets and everything in between. It reminded me of the unity of everything and how we are all built from the same blueprint. Adria L. Dunn Adria is known as a super connector for philanthropy. -
The Orthodox Church of Georgia and the Ecumenical Movement (Before and After 1997)1
Journal of Eastern Christian Studies 71(1-2), 127-159. doi: 10.2143/JECS.71.1.3285911 © 2019 by Journal of Eastern Christian Studies. All rights reserved. THE ORTHODOX CHURCH OF GEORGIA AND THE ECUMENICAL MOVEMENT (BEFORE AND AFTER 1997)1 David TiniKaShvili (Ilia State University, Institute of Oriental Studies) Introduction Although there are quite a few parallels in development of the Orthodox Church of Georgia (OCG) with other post-Soviet countries after 1991, the OCG is the only one among the Orthodox churches to have completely unexpectedly abandoned the Ecumenical Movement.2 This raises the ques- tion about possible peculiarities of the post-Soviet history of the OCG. It is true that, like the other post-communist countries after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Georgia had to undergo the same national and religious processes of self-realization, but only the OCG cut off completely its former ties with the Ecumenical Movement. Who or what fostered this? How did it become possible for such a decision to be made and where did the inspi- ration originate: from higher up (the hierarchy) or from lower down (the people)? To date, there has been no publication devoted to systematically examining this issue. The word ‘ecumenism’ is derived from the Greek word oikoumene, mean- ing ‘populated land’. For Christians this meant the entire Christian world. This is why the Church Councils are remembered as being ecumenical for example. A movement calling itself ecumenical originated in the begin- ning of the 20th century in the Protestant West. On the basis of this move- ment the largest ecumenical organization – The World Council of Churches 1 This article is the extended version of a paper read at the international seminar ‘The Orthodox Church of Georgia: Forging New Identities in a Global Post-Soviet World’ organized by the Institute of Eastern Christian Studies, Radboud University (Nijmegen, The Netherlands), 15 September 2017. -
Exploring the Erosion of the Post-Soviet Space
FEBRUARY 2019 58 WHAT HAS REMAINED OF THE USSR EXPLORING THE EROSION OF THE POST-SOVIET SPACE Arkady Moshes, András Rácz ( eds.) FEBRUARY 2019 58 WHAT HAS REMAINED OF THE USSR EXPLORING THE EROSION OF THE POST-SOVIET SPACE Arkady Moshes, András Rácz (eds.) FEBRUARY 2019 58 This publication is the final report of a research project conducted by the Finnish Institute of International Affairs with the participation of a group of European and Russian experts on the post-Soviet space. The project was co-funded by FIIA and Konrad Adenauer Foundation. Reports can be ordered from the Finnish Institute of International Affairs. +358 9 432 7707 [email protected] All FIIA reports and other publications are also available on our website at www.fiia.fi Language editing: Joan Nordlund and Lynn Nikkanen Graphic design: Mainostoimisto SST Oy Layout: Kaarina Tammisto Printed by Punamusta Oy, 2019 ISBN (print) 978-951-769-592-3 ISBN (web) 978-951-769-593-0 ISSN 2323-5454 The Finnish Institute of International Affairs is an independent research institute that produces high-level research to support political decisionmaking and public debate both nationally and in- ternationally. All manuscripts are reviewed by at least two other experts in the field to ensure the high quality of the publications. In addition, publications undergo professional language checking and editing. The responsibility for the views expressed ultimately rests with the authors. CONTENTS List of abbreviations 8 Introduction 11 Arkady Moshes, András Rácz PART ONE 17 1. The law and politics of post-Soviet constitutionalism 21 Peter Van Elsuwege 2. -
Theoretical and Empirical Scientific Research: Concept and Trends • Volume 2
May 28, 2021 • Oxford, UK • 161 . SECTION XXXI. HISTORY, ARCHEOLOGY AND CULTUROLOGY DOI 10.36074/logos-28.05.2021.v2.49 THE CAUCASIAN GAMBIT OF WORLD EMPIRES AND EREKLE II Natsvaladze Mamuka Doctorate Sokhumi State University, Tbilisi GEORGIA Abstract. The current study is the first attempt to study the relations between Russian- Georgian relations within the context of international political processes, in particular, the Seven Years' War and the plan for the redistribution of Europe, the “Greek Project”. The world historical process of the second half of the XVIII century is of special importance for the proper assessment of the history of Georgia. Russian and Soviet historiography deliberately distorted the facts and events of the time leading to the improper assessment of the annexation of Georgia and the Caucasus. The European contacts of King Erekle II of Kartli- Kakheti were deliberately erased, and hence the Caucasus was declared a geostrategic space on Russian orbit and was artificially separated from the world historical processes. Therefore, a violent political act, the conquest of Georgia was disguised as an alliance corresponding with the idea of Christian common faith. The article analyzes the reasons the members of the European system of international relations did not like the existence of a powerful state in the Caucasus. The strategic policy directions of the Austrian Empire were also analyzed, making it obvious once again that the only ally of Erekle II was the Emperor of Austria. Introduction Process of the Georgian history can be obviously observed within the world political processes of the second half of the XVIII century. -
Volunteering in Georgia a Handbook
Volunteering in Georgia A Handbook © Copyright Academy for Peace and Development, 2008. Disclaimer The use of this handbook in part or whole is permissible providing the integrity of the manual remains intact and an appropriate quotation and referencing system are used. Printed by The NewsPaper ‘‘Sakartvelos Matsne’’ Ltd. Tbilisi, Georgia. Cover: Graffiti, Tbilisi. ISBN 978 9941 0 0725 5 Volunteering in Georgia A Handbook 006 Preface Dear volunteers going to Georgia, Your upcoming experience of the European Voluntary Service (EVS) is certainly going to be one of the most adventurous and personality-enriching periods in your life. Not only because you are going to the Southern Caucasus, far away from your home country and culture, but also because you will support the local com- munity where you are going with your work, because you will help other people from your heart! By being an international volunteer you will definitely learn a lot and experience both the bright and dark sides of the local culture you are moving to. Neverthe- less your work will also be directed towards people there. You will need a lot of responsibility and surely will face great moments of success shared with others. Being a member of the large family of EVS volunteers makes you an actor of positive change in Europe and beyond. Assume this fully and enjoy a mindful of heartfelt emotions! The Handbook you are just about to read will be very helpful with your pre- paration for and awareness of many obstacles that you will meet along the way. The Handbook might also help you a lot to identify your own objectives for your upcoming EVS project. -
Essays in Orthodox Ecclesiology
ESSAYS IN ORTHODOX ECCLESIOLOGY Vladimir Moss © Copyright: Vladimir Moss, 2014. All Rights Reserved. 1 INTRODUCTION 4 1. THE CHURCH AS THE BRIDE OF CHRIST 5 2. DO HERETICS HAVE THE GRACE OF SACRAMENTS? 20 3. THE BRANCH AND MONOLITH THEORIES OF THE CHURCH 42 4. THE ECUMENICAL PATRIARCHATE AND THE NEW WORLD ORDER 52 5. THE CYPRIANITES, THE TIKHONITES AND BISHOP AGATHANGELUS 58 6. WHAT IS THE LOCAL CHURCH? 62 7. THE HERESY OF ECCLESIASTICAL ELITISM 76 8. ON THE CONDEMNATION OF HERETICS 80 9. THE CESSATION OF DIALOGUE 94 10. THE LIMITS OF THE CHURCH: A REVIEW OF THE ARGUMENT 97 11. “THERE IS NONE THAT WATCHETH OUT FOR MY SOUL” 106 12. PATRISTIC TESTIMONIES ON THE BODY AND BLOOD OF CHRIST 112 13. SCRIPTURAL AND PATRISTIC TESTIMONIES ON THE NECESSITY OF HAVING NO COMMUNION WITH HERETICS AND SCHISMATICS 122 14. KHOMIAKOV ON SOBORNOST’ 125 15. THE ABRAHAMIC COVENANT 130 16. THE UNITY OF THE TRUE ORTHODOX CHURCH 145 17. ON NOT ROCKING THE BOAT 160 18. ORTHODOXY, UNIVERSALISM AND NATIONALISM 169 19. IN DEFENCE OF THE TRUE ORTHODOX CHURCH OF GREECE 187 20. THE POWER OF ANATHEMA 193 21. THE APOSTOLIC SUCCESSION OF THE ROMANIAN OLD CALENDARIST CHURCHES 210 22. IS THE SERBIAN TRUE ORTHODOX CHURCH SCHISMATIC? 219 23. TOWARDS THE EIGHTH ECUMENICAL COUNCIL 243 24. THE KALLINIKITE UNIA 250 25. TOWARDS THE “MAJOR SYNOD” OF THE TRUE ORTHODOX CHURCH 262 2 26. THE KALLINIKITE UNIA – CONTINUED 271 3 INTRODUCTION This book collects into one place various articles on ecclesiological themes that I have written in the last fifteen years or so. -
Creation of Order of Chivalry Page 0 of 72
º Creation of Order of Chivalry Page 0 of 72 º PREFACE Knights come in many historical forms besides the traditional Knight in shining armor such as the legend of King Arthur invokes. There are the Samurai, the Mongol, the Moors, the Normans, the Templars, the Hospitaliers, the Saracens, the Teutonic, the Lakota, the Centurions just to name a very few. Likewise today the Modern Knight comes from a great variety of Cultures, Professions and Faiths. A knight was a "gentleman soldier or member of the warrior class of the Middle Ages in Europe. In other Indo-European languages, cognates of cavalier or rider French chevalier and German Ritter) suggesting a connection to the knight's mode of transport. Since antiquity a position of honor and prestige has been held by mounted warriors such as the Greek hippeus and the Roman eques, and knighthood in the Middle Ages was inextricably linked with horsemanship. Some orders of knighthood, such as the Knights Templar, have themselves become the stuff of legend; others have disappeared into obscurity. Today, a number of orders of knighthood continue to exist in several countries, such as the English Order of the Garter, the Swedish Royal Order of the Seraphim, and the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav. Each of these orders has its own criteria for eligibility, but knighthood is generally granted by a head of state to selected persons to recognize some meritorious achievement. In the Legion of Honor, democracy became a part of the new chivalry. No longer was this limited to men of noble birth, as in the past, who received favors from their king. -
Essays in the Russian Autocracy
ESSAYS IN THE RUSSIAN AUTOCRACY Vladimir Moss © Vladimir Moss: 2010. All Rights Reserved. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................4 1. THE RISE OF THE RUSSIAN AUTOCRACY ................................................5 The Appeal to Riurik..............................................................................................5 St. Vladimir the Saint............................................................................................7 Church and State in Kievan Rus’..........................................................................8 The Breakup of Kievan Rus’ ................................................................................14 Autocracy restored: St. Andrew of Bogolyubovo.................................................16 2.THE RISE OF MUSCOVY................................................................................22 St. Alexander Nevsky ..........................................................................................22 St. Peter of Moscow .............................................................................................23 St. Alexis of Moscow ...........................................................................................24 St. Sergius of Radonezh.......................................................................................27 3. MOSCOW: THE THIRD ROME .....................................................................30 4.THE HERESY OF THE JUDAIZERS ..............................................................37