Robert Frost As a Natural Poet Portrayed in His

ROBERT FROST AS A NATURAL POET PORTRAYED IN HIS

SELECETED POEMS

A THESIS

BY :

AFIAH ISWARA

REG. NO. 130705105

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN 2018

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ROBERT FROST AS A NATURAL POET PORTRAYED IN HIS

SELECETED POEMS

A THESIS

BY AFIAH ISWARA REG. NO. 130705105

SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR

Dr. Martha Pardede M.S Riko Andika Rahmat Pohan, S.S.,M.Hum NIP: 195212291 97903 2 001 NIP: 196801221 99803 2 001

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English.

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2018

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.

Head, Secretary,

Prof.T.Silvana Sinar,MA.,Ph.D Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D. NIP. 10540916 198003 2 003 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara.

The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on Friday, November 16th, 2018

Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara

Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S. NIP. 19600805 198703 1 001

Board of Examiners

Dr. Martha Pardede M.S

Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D.

Dr. Siti Norma Nasution M.Hum

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I, AFIAH ISWARA DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS.

EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS

THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHE ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN

WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH QUALIFIED FOR OR

AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED

WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THE THESIS.

THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.

SIGNED :

DATE : November 16th, 2018

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

NAME : AFIAH ISWARA

TITLE OF THESIS : ROBERT FROST AS A NATURAL POET

PORTRAYED IN HIS SELECTED POEMS

QUALIFICATION : S1/SARJANA SASTRA

DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH

I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR

REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF ENGLISH

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY

OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE

AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER LAW OF THE REPUBLIC INDONESIA.

SIGNED :

DATE : November 16th, 2018

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Bismillahirahmanirrahim.

First of all, I would like to express my special thankfulness and praise to God, Allah SWT the almighty God who gave me faith and strength to walk through even the hardest time in my life.

He is always faithful and makes me full of hope. Without his help, this thesis will never be finished at last.

In this occasion, I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to the Rector of

University of Sumatera Utara, Prof. Runtung Sitepu, S.H, M.Hum also thank Dr. Budi Astono,

M.S, the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara, the Head of English

Department Prof. T. Silvana Sinar, M.A., Ph.D, and the secretary of English Department

Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D. Who have given a great an opportunity and fully supported to complete thesis and all the opportunities and facilities given to me till the end of my study in this faculty.

I would like to express warmth and appreciation my sincerely gratitude to my Supervisor Dr.

Martha Pardede M.S, and my Co-Supervisor Riko Andika Rahmat Pohan, S.S.,M.Hum who have given brilliant supervision, generous guidance, advice, encouragement and patience to shapes the ideas into the thesis successful and assisted me at every point to cherish my goal. And not forget to thanks to all lectures of English Department who have already taught me previously.

Later, I also thank to Mr. Kibot as the former staff of English Department who has given me contributions in accomplishing the administration matter to finish this thesis.

iii

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

My special thanks to my beloved parents Mr. Iswanto and Mrs. Wiraida and also Sabariyani

Rusli for their pray, and their endless love that they shared with me, and their material support for my needs.

I also thank to my beloved one Rizky Pratama Lubis Amd.Kom and also young sister Affini

Andhini and Ade Syahrani, and my older brothers Jaka, Alif, Nanda for their supports and endless love during my academic years.

Many thanks are addressed to my junior high school squad, Arief, Halim, Ibnu, Agung. And for my senior high school Aipeh, Tini, Dhilla and Dede and big thank to my Wakanda squad: Ade,

Sifa, Fira, Mira and Dhea and all of my friends of English Department for their supports me during the process of my academic year and also during writing this thesis.

Medan, November 18, 2018

The writer

Afiah Iswara

Reg. No. 130705105

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

ABSTRACT

This thesis is entitled Robert Frost as Natural Poet Potrayed in His Selected Poem. This thesis analized ten Robert Frost’s poems. They are Stopping by Woods on A Snowy Evening, The Pasture, After Apple Picking, Tuft of Flowers, Fire and Ice, Mowing, The Oven Bird, Nothing Gold can Stay, The Road Not Taken and Mending Wall. This research was conducted by using qualitative and quantitative method. The data were collected from the ten poems. The data of this research were analyzed by using four aspects. They are sense, feeling, tone and intention. From the analysis of the data, the writer found that nature were used in Robert Frost’s poems. It was also found that flower is the nature mostly used in the poems.

Key words: Nature, Poem, Analysis

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

ABSTRAK

Skripsi ini berjudul Robert Frost as Natural Poet Potrayed in His Selected Poem. This thesis analized ten Robert Frost’s poems. Seperti Stopping by Woods on A Snowy Evening, The Pasture, After Apple Picking, Tuft of Flowers, Fire and Ice, Mowing, The Oven Bird, Nothing Gold can Stay, The Road Not Taken and Mending Wall. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatfi. Data dikumpulkan dari sepuluh puisi. Data penelitian ini di analisis dengan menggunakan empat aspek yaitu sense adalah pokok pembahasan dari puisi, feeling adalah sikap dari penulis, tone adalah sikap penulis terhadap pembaca dan intention adalah alasan penulis untuk menciptakan puisi. Dari analisis data, penulis menemukan bahwa elemen dari slsm ysng digunakan dalam puisi-puisi Robert Frost . lalu juga ditemukan bahwa bunga adalah bagian dari alam yang paling banyak digunakan didalam puisi.

Kata Kunci : Alam, Puisi, Analisis

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

LIST OF TABLES

Tabel 4.2.1.1 Stopping by Woods on A Snowy Evening ...... 14

Tabel 4.2.2.1 After Apple Picking ...... 19

Tabel 4.2.3.1 Nothing Gold Can Stay ...... 20

Tabel 4.2.4.1 Mowing ...... 21

Tabel 4.2.5.1 Tuft of Flowers ...... 25

Tabel 4.2.6.1 Fire and Ice ...... 27

Tabel 4.2.7.1 The Oven bird ...... 29

Tabel 4.2.8.1 The Road Not Taken ...... 31

Tabel 4.2.9.1 Mending Wall ...... 33

Tabel 4.2.10.1 The Pasture…………………………………………………………35

Tabel 4.3.1 Research Finding………………………………………………………37

vii

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ...... i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...... iii

ABSTRACT ...... v

ABSTRAK ...... vi

LIST OF TABEL………………………………………………………………….. vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………… viii

CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study...... 1

1.2 Problem of the Study...... 3

1.3 Objective of the Study...... 3

1.4 Scope of the Study...... 4

1.5 Significance of the Study...... 4

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1. Literature...... 5

2.2. Poetry...... 5

2.3. Practical Device of Poetry Analysis...... 6

2.4. Nature...... 7

CHAPTER III METHOD OF STUDY

3.1. Data Source...... 9

3.2 Research Method...... 9

3.3. Data Collecting Procedure...... 10

viii

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

3.4. Data Analyzing Procedure...... 10

CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDING

4.1. Data...... 12

4.2. Data Analysis...... 12

4.3. Research Findings...... 37

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1. Conclusion...... 39

5.2. Suggestion...... 39

REFERENCE……………………………………………………………………….40

APPENDIX………………………………………………………………………….

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Poetry is a special type of writing which is written in different ways. It deserves study as much as they do, perhaps more, since poetry is the type of English which touches our personal feelings most closely. Maley and Moulding (1985:1), states that poetry can also help us assimilate the typical rhythms of a language.

Poetry and poem written a wide variety of spoken and written forms, styles, and patterns, and also a wide variety of subjects. Because of the variety, it is not possible to make a single comprehensive definition (Roberts, 1955:547). Poem is the product of poetry. The poem is arranged in lines, but does not follow measured rhythmical patterns, nor does it rhyme. The most important thing about it is that, as it engages us and amuses us, it also rings of truth.

Every writers write the poem in their own writing style, like Robert Frost. Robert Frost often uses nature as a material for his poetry. All of these are things to keep in mind when you read Robert Frost. His poems are about nature and the American North easy are also about darkness, about the thin line that separates humans from the wild, our personalities from the darkness of the subconscious.

There are some speakers focused in nature. Two of them are Robert Frost and William

Wordsworth. Robert Frost used nature in some of his poems. It written in Stopping by woods on a snowy evening, the pasture, etc. William Wordsworth also used nature in his poems. They are

An Evening walk and Descriptive Sketches.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

Robert Lee Frost (1874-1963) had widely been received in American, who received the

Pulitzer Prize four times, and was the only speaker ever invited to read his poem at a presidential inauguration. Born in San Francisco, Robert Lee Frost was named after the defeated Confederate general Robert E. Lee. After the death of his father, the rebellious son of a prudent, hard- working, successful Massachusetts farmer, he moved with his mother and sister to eastern

Massachusetts near his paternal grand parents. Deeply influenced by his experience in his young,

Robert Frost had a unique position in modern poetrry. He has been widely received by audience while his poetry does not receive careful critical judgment. This neglect is due much to the nature of his poetry. His poetry seems to lack the complexity one expects to find at the center of the best modern verse. His verse form is traditional, his sentences are always clear, and his language is often close to every day speech. His simplicity makes many readers exploration stop here. Besides, nature is frequently used in his poetry. Frost denied being a nature speaker

(Zhang:2017:26).

His poems hint at something so intuitive, so primal, that it can hardly be put into words.

That was Frost's goal. "If poety isn't understanding all the whole world," Frost once, "then it isn't worth anything."

As in the following poem :

“Nature's first green is gold Her hardest hue to hold Her early leaf's a flower But only so an hour. Then leaf subsides to leaf. So Eden sank to grief, So dawn goes down to day. Nothing gold can stay” – Robert Frost

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

In the above poem, Robert Frost uses nature as the main theme because the cycle of life and death shown through the four seasons provides imagery that many people can identify with; and in this poem, nature symbolizes the idea that all the good and beautiful things in life will eventually fade away. One of the most important messages to take from this poem is that once you recognize how fleeting and precious certain moments are, you will appreciate them even more.

Robert Frost is a natural speaker. It is said so because, we can find a lot of natural elements in his poems. Harinath and Sundheer (2015) said that Robert Frost’s poetry generally gives an impression of thought provoking and more resemblance of human beings living in a traditional society. Frost projects his amicability and relationship towards nature is very energetic to describe.

Based on the explanation above, the speaker found that every author has their own style to make a poem, and she is interested in discussing the poems written by Robert Frost. The speaker will analyze about natural speaker as portrayed in Robert Lee Frost’s selected poems.

1.2 The Problem of the Study

Based on the background above, the speaker formulates the problem of this study as following :

1. How is nature used in Robert Frost’s poems?

2. What kind of nature mostly used in Robert Frost’s poems?

1.3 The Objective of the Study

The study is aimed to know :

1. To describe the nature used in Robert Frost’s selected poems.

2. To describe the kind of nature mostly used in Robert Frost’s selected poems

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

1.4 Scope of the Study

Robert frost has written many literary works especially in poetry. To scope the analysis, the speaker selected ten poems written by him namely: Stopping by Woods on A Snowy Evening,

The Pasture, After Apple Picking, Tuft of Flowers, Fire and Ice, Mowing, The oven bird, Nothing

Gold can Stay, The Road Not Taken and Mending Wall.

1.5 Significance of the Study

Significance of this Analysis is to give more understanding about natural speaker as portrayed in Robert Frost’s speaker literary works especially Poetry. In literary works, like

Novel, poetry and Drama, there is a natural art that the speaker wants to send and emphasize to the reader.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Literature

Literature is a permanent expression in words of some thoughts or feeling or idea about life and the world (Raes, 1973:9) in Sari (2011:1). Literature is also the writing or study of books, valued as works of art. They are drama, fiction, essay biography and poetry.

Poetry describes a wide variety of spoken and written forms, styles, and patterns, and also a wide variety of subjects. Because of the variety, it is not possible to make a single, comprehensive definition (Roberts, 1955:547) in Sari (2011:1)

2.2 Poetry

Poetry (from the Latin speakera, a speaker) is a form of literary art in which language is used for its aesthetic and evocative qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its apparent meaning.

Poetry may be written independently, as discrete poems, or may occur in conjunction with other arts, as in speakeric drama, hymns, lyrics, or prose poetry. According to Hillyer (1960:1) in Sari

(2011), Poetry is the one unbroken thread between us and the past; from vanished cities and civilizations this common utterance links us with the heroism and piety, the loves and festivals- all that has gone before, unchanged and ever renewed. Poetry is also a beautiful manifestation of the spontaneous emotions of a speaker. A poem is created when emotions find the right words to express themselves. A poem often begins in an abstract idea that is developed by the means of concrete words, without letting the idea lose its abstractness. A poem is a single piece of poetry, complete in itself. Poetry is the collective term used to describe a group of poems, which may or may not be related by theme, author, or style. Robert Penn Warren has whimsically defined a

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

poem as a group of lines that printed evenly along the left-hand margin of a page. So poetry is so varied than poem. But it’s not possible to make a single comprehensive definition between them.

To define poetry is not so easy, because the meaning so varied between one definition to another and not everything in a poetry can be named or explained, enough to sharpen your perception as a reader and give a fuller understanding of what it is in a poetry that gives pleasure and creates form and meaning. Poetry and discussions of it have a long history. Early attempts to define poetry, such as Aristotle's poetry, focused on the uses of speech in rhetoric, drama, song, and comedy.

Poetry often uses particular forms and conventions to suggest alternative meanings in the words, or to evoke emotional or sensual responses. Devices such as assonance, alliteration, onomatopoeia, and rhythm are sometimes used to achieve musical or incantatory effects. The use of ambiguity, symbolize, irony, and other stylistic elements of speakeric diction often leaves a poem open to multiple interpretations.

2.3 Practical Device of Poetry Analysis

According to Richard in Tarigan (2011:9) and Alexander (1977:1-24) there are four aspects of a poem. They are sense, feeling, tone and intention. Sense is the subject matter of .the poem. What is the poem about. Very often, but not always, the title of a poem will give the indication of its subject matter or general meaning. By reading it over and over carefully we can catch its meaning by focusing on the whole lines. For if the most lines talk about it, it would be the subject matter of the poem.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

Feeling is the attitude of the speaker towards the subject matter, the sense. By reading certain poems carefully, we could understand what does the speaker think about the subject matter. And Tone is the attitude of the writer towards the reader or the reality. By understanding the tone we are le to understand whether the speaker in a good mood or bad mood ; is he or she, sad or happy. Is the speaker a pessimist or optimist. Usually we are able to understand it by giving our attention to the kind of the words or the diction the speaker used in he poem.

Intention deals with the reason of the writer to create a poem. Undoubtedly a speaker writes a poem for he has a special intention, at least for he himself, that is to express his feeling or her feeling. Still we have to know, good poems are written because they have to be, not because the speakers want them to be.

2.4. Nature

Nature is the view that the sciences of nature are the best (in some versions, the only) guides to what there is, what it is like, and why (Beaumont,2010:86). Nature is also a norm or standard for judging artistic expression long permeated critical thinking. It can be said that nature is used to analyze or value an artistic expression. The nature is expressed literature and is used to criticize literature.

Nature is a culture in which natural objects, trees, lakes, stones, and animals (Khamba,

2013:178). In addition Horbg (2000:361) stated that natures is all the plants, animals and things that exist in the universe that are not made by people. The beauties of nature is not man-made but it is God’s creation.

The neoclassic view of nature as implying universal aesthetic validity led to a reverence for "rules" drawn from long-continued acceptance by human beings, such acceptance being taken

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

as an evidence of their basis in what is universal in human nature. The rules were based upon proved models. Opposed to this was the romantic tendency to regard as "natural" the primitive, the unsophisticated, the naive-a conception which justified the disregard of rules and precedents and the exaltation of the freedom of individual expression.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

CHAPTER III

METHOD OF THE STUDY

3.1. Data Source

The data source object of this research are ten poems of Robert Frost. They are Stopping by Woods on A Snowy Evening, The Pasture, After Apple Picking, Tuft of Flowers, Fire and Ice,

Mowing, The Oven Bird, Nothing Gold can Stay, The Road Not Taken and Mending Wall. They are taken from the selected poems of Robert Frost. The data are collected by they are reading a book , reading a poetry, and documentation from the book Forst, Robert. 1966. The Poetry of

Robert Frost. New York: Longman and Frost, Robert. 1930.Collected Poems. New York:

Longman.

3.2. Research Method

The data of this research are qualitative data. The qualitative analysis involves attempts to comprehend the phenomenon under study, synthesize information and explain relationships, theorize about how and why the relationships appear as they do, and reconnect the new knowledge with what is already known (Ary,2010:482).

Qualitative descriptive research method is used in this study. It is a research procedure that produces descriptive data such as words, notes that related to the meaning, value and definition according to Bogan and Taylor (1975:5). This research does not need any calculation in the process. It did not emphasize on the quantum or amount, so it more emphasis on quality in

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

terms of natural because it involves understanding, concept, values and characteristics inherent to the object of other research.

In collecting the data, the writer uses the library research Library research is an activity in collecting the data by visiting the library, collecting the source data that related to the object of research, learning and quoting the data from books, documents, and internet as well. In other word, this research does not do research in a field. Its scope is boarder than just a field. There are

4 characteristics of this research according to Zed (2004:4) : first, the research dealing directly to the text; second, library of reference data is ready-made; third, library of reference data generally is secondary source; fourth, library of reference data is not limited by space and time.

3.3. Data Collecting Procedure

There are three methods of collecting data according to (Ary:2010) : they are reading a book , reading a poetry, and documentation. The data of this study are ten poems that were found in Robert Frost’s selected poems as the data source. They are collected by using documentation technique.

3.4. Data Analyzing Procedure

In analyzing the data the writer uses the intrinsic approach in literary works. The intrinsic approach analysis literary work based on the text and the structural points of literary works or in other words, it analyzed the inside elements of poetry. Sometimes while analyzing literary works based on the extrinsic approach, one can allow the feeling or imagination.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

The technique of analyzing the data was done by applying these following procedures:

1. The researcher read the ten poems

2. The researcher interpreted the ten poems

3. The researcher drew a conclusion from the interpretation by finding the naturalistic

art found in the ten poems.

4. The researcher found the nature used in the poems

5. The researcher concluded the nature mostly used in the poems.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

CHAPTER IV

DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS

4.1 Data

The data of this research are ten poems of Roberts Frost. They are Stopping by Woods on

A Snowy Evening, The Pasture, After Apple Picking, Tuft of Flowers, Fire and Ice, Mowing,

Nothing Gold can Stay, The Oven Bird, The Road Not Taken and Mending Wall. They are taken from the poems’ collection of Robert Frost.

4.2 Data Analysis

The data of this research are analyzed by these following procedure:

1. The researcher reads the ten poems

2. The researcher finds how nature used in the poems

3. The researcher finds what kind of nature mostly found in Robert Frost’s poems

Based on the the procedure above the witer analyzes the ten poems of Robert Frost based on four aspects of poem namely sense, feeling, tone and intention.

4.2.1 Stopping by Woods on A Snowy Evening

Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow.

My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farmhouse near Between the woods and frozen lake The darkest evening of the year.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some mistake. The only other sound‟s the sweep Of easy wind and downy flake.

The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep.

The poem consists of four stanzas. The stanza tells about the horse of the speaker stands the role of a foil and stayed between the woods and frozen lake for a little bit. He asks from his horse whether they stop there, in the cold weather, the darkest and the longest night of the year.

This poem talks about time that person spent in the end of time or in the old age.

The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep.

In the stanza the horse acts, reinforcing the speaker’s question. This is an evidence of a sort of telepathy between the speaker and his horse which could not have in possible without perfect mutual understanding and an excellent report between the two.

He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some mistake. The only other sound‟s the sweep Of easy wind and downy flake.

The third stanza of this short poem begins with a comment on the scene. Giving us very subjective comment, the speaker says the woods are lovely dark and deep’. The last two lines are 13

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

famous. They are repeated. The first line could refer to the journey that the speaker must make while the second could refer to time. Here time indicates the speaker what he/she has do in his/her life and what is going to be done. This second line of the poem haunted him/her throughout the poem. This is the most important and interpreted line of all the stanzas of the poem.

The poem portrays the natural scene of frozen lake and falling of snow on the trees, woods and houses. The speaker listen the inaudible sound of the wind falling on the woods.

These dark woods symbolize death- the ultimate reality. In this poem, the speaker felt sad. He talked about the death.

The poem tells about someone who enjoys the beauty of the winter. But the bell of the his horse warns him to continue the journey. In this poem, the researcher uses some items as a symbolize. The researcher uses bells, winter, wood and snow. Bell is used to symbolize human’s concience of life. Winter is used to symbolize stages in human’s life. Life generally used to symbolize the old or the late age of human being. Wood is used to symbolize life and snow is used to symbolize the beauty.

Tabel 4.2.1.1

Analysis Stopping by Woods on A Snowy Evening (1923)

Sense Feeling Tone Intention The subject The attitude The attitude of the The intention of the poem is to tell matter of the ofthe speaker wants writer is that in this the writer’s idea about life. That is poem is toward the reader to continue life persons have duty it is important to work hard and life is like the their life whatever and right. It is better give our best before we die journey that the happens in their life to do the duty before

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

speaker in this not to enjoy his life we ask for our right. case is Robert and forget the The attitude of the Frost himself obligation in this writer towards the takes with his case to write the reality is that he does horse. speaker. The speaker not agree to stop our also says that life has activity in the old periods. age, persons should do hard working even in their old age.

4.2.2 After Apple Picking

My long two-pointed ladder's sticking through a tree Toward heaven still, And there's a barrel that I didn't fill Beside it, and there may be two or three Apples I didn't pick upon some bough. But I am done with apple-picking now. Essence of winter sleep is on the night, The scent of apples: I am drowsing off

I cannot rub the strangeness from my sight I got from looking through a pane of glass I skimmed this morning from the drinking trough And held against the world of hoary grass. It melted, and I let it fall and break. But I was well Upon my way to sleep before it fell, And I could tell

What form my dreaming was about to take. Magnified apples appear and disappear, Stem end and blossom end, And every fleck of russet showing clear. My instep arch not only keeps the ache,

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

It keeps the pressure of a ladder-round. I feel the ladder sway as the boughs bend. And I keep hearing from the cellar bin The rumbling sound

Of load on load of apples coming in. For I have had too much Of apple-picking: I am overtired Of the great harvest I myself desired. There were ten thousand thousand fruit to touch, Cherish in hand, lift down, and not let fall. For all That struck the earth,

No matter if not bruised or spiked with stubble, Went surely to the cider-apple heap As of no worth. One can see what will trouble This sleep of mine, whatever sleep it is. Were he not gone, The woodchuck could say whether it's like his Long sleep, as I describe its coming on, Or just some human sleep

It explores the relationship between the human and natural worlds, focusing on a specific scenario, the end of an apple harvest and the subsequent consequences, both physical and psychic, for one person.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

I skimmed this morning from the drinking trough And held against the world of hoary grass. It melted, and I let it fall and break.

My long two-pointed ladder's sticking through a tree toward heaven still.The first couple lines seem to suggest that the speaker is still picking apples, which is strange when you consider that the title says "after." At any rate, he has one of those old-fashioned ladders with the two points at the end that you have to lean against the tree. The top of the ladder points toward heaven, which is a strange detail for him to mention. It immediately gives the poem religious overtones.

There is a barrel next to him that hasn't been filled yet. Clearly the speaker has been filling barrels with apples all day, and now he feels this obligation to fill that last barrel. The barrel stands next to the ladder, which is propped against a tree. He paints a little picture of what apple-picking looks like. In addition to the empty barrel, there are ripe apples still hanging from the tree. As they might cause us to re-evaluate where the poem is set. It is nighttime, and the speaker is very tired. He compares his approaching sleep to an "essence" or smell that wafts through the winter night. Not surprisingly, this essence smells like apples. At this point, we have two options. Either he falling asleep on his ladder in the orchard as night falls or he is in bed, just thinking about being out in the orchard.

Start from the 9th line these are the most confusing lines of the poem, because they refer to a phenomenon that few people have to deal with nowadays. Basically, the speaker remembers how, earlier that morning, he went outside to get drinking water. The water does not come from a tap. The night was cold enough to freeze the top layer of the trough into a sheet of ice, and the speaker picked up ("skimmed") this sheet to get at the sweet, sweet water beneath. Then he held

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

up the ice sheet and looked out at the world through it. The speaker see the frost-covered

("hoary") grass, distorted by the mirror ("glass") of the ice. It's like looking at a fun-house mirror, except it's not really a mirror, because he is looking through the ice. Then the ice started to melt, probably from the warmth of his hand, and he let it "fall and break" against the ground.

According to the speaker, it made his vision seem "strange," as if he was looking through a distorted lens, and he hasn't been able to get rid of this sense of strangeness all day. He has tried to "rub" it from his sight, like you might rub the sleep out of your eyes in the morning, but it hasn't worked. The whole world continues to look odd. In addition to the explanation above, in these lines the speaker used winter to inspire him to write a poem.

The poem is mainly descriptive of an apple-picker at the end of a day in the harvesting season. The speaker is tired and has made a decision about his work. It is an unfinished task, but he is finished. The speaker, then, is ready to let go of both his apple picking and of his waking state. Before dozing off, he recapitulates his early work at the farm. His task which he decides to bring to an end is reflected on by his own knowledge of what happens next to apples in the barrels and apples falling on the ground. All fallen apples are taken ‘to the cider-apple heap/As of no worth’. This description is given before the speaker takes off to sleep expecting that his daily task of apple picking and his decision to bring it to an end and his knowledge of the rest of the process to apple picking, since it is on his mind, will trouble his sleep. Then the final knowledge regarding the speaker is given to the physically absent, and maybe sleeping, woodchuck.

After Apple Picking tells about the situation in the apple picking process. The persons who who are picking the apples, putting them in the barrel and get rest after the picking time is over.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

The poem actually tells about the periods in persons’ life. The poem also uses some

items as symbols. Apples stands for life, stems and blossom stand for persons’ young age and

also winter stands for the old age. Evening stand for period in life and working stand for writing

poem. Apple is the poem that he has been written, Grass stand for beautiful life. Ladder, barrel

and cellar bin stand for tools in working.

Tabel 4.2.2.1

Analysis After Apple Picking (1914)

Sense Feeling Tone Intention

The subject matter of The speaker was The speaker felt very The intention of the the poem is about the happy and he has been comfortable. The speaker for writing the working that the working but it is not attitude of the writer poem is to tell people that speaker in this case is finish yet but it towards the reality is picking the apples is that Robert Frost talked almost evening. that he wants everyone we need to fulfill our about the process of to fulfill their lives barrel in harvesting time. working. with good things when This stands for that in our they still have times. life we need to full fill of life with good thing before we die.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

4.2.3 Nothing Gold can Stay

Nature‟s first green is gold Her hardest hue to hold Her early leaf‟s a flower But only so an hour The leaf to subsides leaf So Eden Sank to grief So dawn goes down to day Nothing gold can stay

The poem tells about that there is nothing eternal in the word. In this poem, the speaker uses some items to symbolize somethings. Flowers stands for the beauty and life, leaves stands for the periods in life. Based on the explanation above, the poem are analyzed by four aspects.

They are subject of matter, attitude of the writer, tone and intention.

Tabel 4.2.3.1

Analysis Nothing Gold Can Stay (1923)

Sense Feeling Tone Intention

The speaker The tone of the The attitude of the The intention of the poem in the was optimist writer is in good speaker of writing the poem, the speaker wantsto say that about his poem. mood when poem is to tell people young age is short. It was It can be writing the that nothing in this representedby the phrase hue hold”. observed from poem. The world can stay. What we did in our old age would how he wrote nature found in not lasting forever. It just for a his ideas in the the poem are short time. It created sadness in our poem flower and leaf. heart. In the poem the word”green” The things can stands for young age. Flower and be found is leaves stands for the wonderful gold. time of young age.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

4.2.4 Mowing

There was never a sound beside the wood but one, And that was my long scythe whispering to the ground. What was it it whispered? I knew not well myself; Perhaps it was something about the heat of the sun, Something, perhaps, about the lack of sound— And that was why it whispered and did not speak. It was no dream of the gift of idle hours, Or easy gold at the hand of fay or elf: Anything more than the truth would have seemed too weak To the earnest love that laid the swale in rows, Not without feeble-pointed spikes of flowers (Pale orchises), and scared a bright green snake. The fact is the sweetest dream that labor knows. My long scythe whispered and left the hay to make.

Based on the explanation above, the poem are analyzed by four aspects. They are subject of

matter, attitude of the writer, tone and intention.

Tabel 4.2.4.1

Analysis Mowing (1913)

Sense Feeling Tone Intention

The subject matter of The attitude of The tone of the speaker The intention of the speaker the poem is that the the speaker is that also wants the reader to wants the readers to be hard poem highlights the the speaker really be optimistic of their workers and to be optimistic in dignity of labor. The optimistic of his life. life. speaker completely life identifies himself with his work. At the time of 'mowing' the

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

speaker knew only about his 'long scythe', 'the heat of the sun', his 'labor' and 'the hay'.

From the poem, it also can be see that the speaker used nature in the poem. They are

wood, ground, and flowers. It also found animal; that is snake stand for something dangerous.

The poem said that we should not doing something dangerous.

Not without feeble-pointed spikes of flowers (Pale orchises), and scared a bright green snake. The fact is the sweetest dream that labor knows. My long scythe whispered and left the hay to make.

Snake stands for something dangerous. Wood and ground stands for life. Flowers stands

for the beauty of life. And one thing; that is gold stands for something precious or priceless.

4.2.5 Tuft of Flowers

I went to turn the grass once after one Who mowed it in the dew before the sun.

The dew was gone that made his blade so keen Before I came to view the levelled scene.

I looked for him behind an isle of trees; I listened for his whetstone on the breeze.

But he had gone his way, the grass all mown, And I must be, as he had been,—alone,

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

„As all must be,‟ I said within my heart, „Whether they work together or apart.‟

But as I said it, swift there passed me by On noiseless wing a „wildered butterfly,

Seeking with memories grown dim o‟er night Some resting flower of yesterday‟s delight.

And once I marked his flight go round and round, As where some flower lay withering on the ground.

And then he flew as far as eye could see, And then on tremulous wing came back to me.

I thought of questions that have no reply, And would have turned to toss the grass to dry;

But he turned first, and led my eye to look At a tall tuft of flowers beside a brook,

A leaping tongue of bloom the scythe had spared Beside a reedy brook the scythe had bared.

I left my place to know them by their name, Finding them butterfly weed when I came.

The mower in the dew had loved them thus, By leaving them to flourish, not for us,

Nor yet to draw one thought of ours to him. But from sheer morning gladness at the brim.

The butterfly and I had lit upon, Nevertheless, a message from the dawn,

That made me hear the wakening birds around, And hear his long scythe whispering to the ground,

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

And feel a spirit kindred to my own; So that henceforth I worked no more alone;

But glad with him, I worked as with his aid, And weary, sought at noon with him the shade;

And dreaming, as it were, held brotherly speech With one whose thought I had not hoped to reach.

„Men work together,‟ I told him from the heart, „Whether they work together or apart.‟

The poem consits of 21 stanzas. The first stanza tells about the beautiful grass. It also tells about something broke the grass. The speaker looked for someone. The speaker found that the person was gone.

I went to turn the grass once after one Who mowed it in the dew before the sun. The dew was gone that made his blade so keen Before I came to view the levelled scene.

The speaker found that the person worked together. He later then found a beautiful butterfly. The speaker found a beautiful flower that had been left. The speaker also found that the flower are in the ground.

The mower in the dew had loved them thus, By leaving them to flourish, not for us, Nor yet to draw one thought of ours to him. But from sheer morning gladness at the brim.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

The Tuft of Flowers is a nature poem in which the speaker takes us into the heart of a romantic landscape. Somebody had gone to the place earlier than the speaker and had mowed the grass before the sun rose. Before the speaker arrives on the scene the grass had been cut. While he looked at the scene alone a butterfly passed near him. The butterfly is looking for the tuft of flowers on which he had rested the day earlier. But today he finds that the flowers lay watered.

Then he looks for some other perch and he saw a tuft of flowers which had been left untouched by the person who came earlier than the speaker. The speaker also lookes in the direction of the tuft of flowers and then develops a kinship between the speaker and the butterfly.

Tabel 4.2.5.1 Analysis Tuft of Flowers (1913)

Sense Feeling Tone Intention

The Tuft of Flowers is a The attitude of the Th writer thought that The intention of the nature poem in which speaker to the subject he does not agree to the speaker is that the the speaker takes us into matter is that the persons who do not speaker wants the the heart of a romantic speaker felt a little bit appriciete the world. He readers to appreciate the landscape. Somebody sad because he found found the place was environment. had gone to the place the place he loved is beautiful the day before, earlier than the speaker abandoned by someone but today is not and had mowed the messy. grass before the sun rose. The subject matter of the poem tells about the beautiful landscape, how person enjoy the beauty of the panorama.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

4.2.6 Fire and Ice

Some say the world will end in fire, Some say in ice. From what I‟ve tasted of desire I hold with those who favor fire. But if it had to perish twice, I think I know enough of hate To say that for destruction ice Is also great And would suffice.

Fire and Ice tells about the the reality in the world. It tells about the destruction of

the world.

Some say the world will end in fire, Some say in ice. From what I‟ve tasted of desire I hold with those who favor fire.

Fire represents desire and anger and Ice represents hate. Those charateristics always relate to the human being. World have both kind of people that held a belief about ending in fire and ending in ice.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

Tabel 4.2.6.1

Analysis Fire and Ice 1923

Sense Feeling Tone Intention

The subject matter of The attitude of the The tone of the speaker The intention of the the poem is about the speaker is that the felt sad when seeing speaker is he wanted to end of the world speaker wants the the world will end by tell people to love the readers to appreciate fire and ice, he does not world before it end. the world. like what for what happen in the world.

4.2.7 The Oven Bird

Here is a singer everyone has heard, Loud, a mid-summer and a mid-wood bird, Who makes the solid tree trunks sound again. He says that leaves are old and that for flowers Mid-summer is to spring as one to ten. He says the early petal-fall is past When pear and cherry bloom went down in showers On sunny days a moment overcast; And comes that other fall we name the fall. He says the highway dust is over all

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

. The bird would cease and be as other birds But that he knows in singing not to sing. The question that he frames in all but words Is what to make of a diminished thing.

Oven Bird is a sonnet which describes the life of Oven bird. Oven bird is found in America.

This bird ids the last bird which migrate when the season change. They still working while other bird already migrated. Bird in this case stands for human. So this poem tells about the life of human. Human has periods of their life. It can bee seen in the sentence

The speaker wants to say that human have to optimize their life when they still have time.

The speaker here described him self as Oven bird. The Oven Bird poem tells about the life in the world. It tells about the progression in persons’s life. It uses some symbols. Bird represents the call of the life. Summer represents periods in life. Summer represents person’s young age.

Leaves and flowers represents person’s life in the word. There is a time for leaves and flower to die. It also happens to the persons. Someday, they will die. The use of bird in the poem symbolize the change of season of human’s life. The cange of time, from young to old.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

Tabel 4.2.7.1

Analysis The Oven Bird (1916)

Sense Feeling Tone Intention The subject matter of The attitude of the The tone of the poem The speaker wanted to the poem is person writer is that there is a is there is a time in tell the poeple that like enjoys every stages in happy time in life. which we have to go oven bird, people his life. How he enjoys but before move to should be happy all the his life in his young another we have to time even the others age. optimeze the time we are not. have.

4.2.8 The Road not Taken

Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth;

Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same,

And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I— I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference.

The Road Not Taken is an ambiguous poem that allows the reader to think about choices in life, whether to go with the mainstream or go it alone. If life is a journey, this poem highlights those times in life when a decision has to be made. Which way we will go. It can be seen in the sentence.

Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth;

The ambiguity springs from the question of free will versus determinism, whether the speaker in the poem consciously decides to take the road that is off the beaten track or only does so because he doesn't fancy the road with the bend in it. External factors therefore make up his mind for him.

Based on the explanation of each stanza above, the poem they were analyzed by four aspects. They were subject of matter, attitude of the writer, tone and intention. One should make their decision swiftly and with confidence. It is normal to wonder what the outcome would have been if the other road, the road not taken, is the road chosen. But to contemplate this hypothetical deeply is folly, for it is impossible to say whether taking the other road would have been better or

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

worse: all one can say is that it would have been different. The feeling of ”The Road Not Taken” is that the speaker is doubt of his choice.

The poem tells about the situation that persons have in their life. There is a time for them to choose. The Road Not Taken also presents the speaker and the reader with a dilemma. There are two roads in that they have to choose. Life is a matter of leading to one and left another.

Tabel 4.2.8.1

Analysis The Road Not Taken (1916) Sense Feeling Tone Intention

The subject matter of The feeling of the The attitude of the The intention the poem is that about speaker is that he is writer towards life is of the poem is telling choice in life . happy. that he is agree that the people that they Robert Frost has taken persons are free to are free to make a the road which the choose their life. choice in their life. In other person was not this poem the nature chosen. Road in this wood stands for life, poem represents the road stands for choice choice of in life. and leaves stands for young age.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

4.2.9 Mending Wall

Something there is that doesn‟t love a wall, That sends the frozen-ground-swell under it, And spills the upper boulders in the sun; And makes gaps even two can pass abreast. The work of hunters is another thing: I have come after them and made repair Where they have left not one stone on a stone, But they would have the rabbit out of hiding, To please the yelping dogs. The gaps I mean, No one has seen them made or heard them made, But at spring mending-time we find them there. I let my neighbor know beyond the hill;

Mending wall is the poem describes two neighbors who repair a fence between their estates. It represents for the relationship between two people.

Something there is that doesn‟t love a wall, That sends the frozen-ground-swell under it, And spills the upper boulders in the sun; And makes gaps even two can pass abreast

The wall is the manifestation of the emotional barricade that separates them. Neighbor represents for person surround. Mending Wall tells about the gap between persons. There is a gap here. There is a person who likes wall but still the rabbit can be free so that he was bitten by dog. Wall make a limitation among people. But a hunter destroy the wall. There is a person who like wall, there is not. But hunter destroy the wall. Sometimes the wall was seen in good order.

There is someone who make limitation to other person. There something maybe we hide from our young age. There are choice to make, to open it or just keep it. Spring stands for our young age. Rabbit stands for problems that we hid. Wall stands for limitation.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

Tabel 4.2.9.1

Analysis Mending Wall (1914)

Sense Feeling Tone Intention

The subject matter of The attitude of the The tone the speaker The intention of the Mending Wall is the speakers is that he towards the poem is poem it is not good for relationship between wants the reader to that he does not agrre us to build barrier persons. establish a good for building barriers among us. relationship between among persons. them.

4.2.10 The Pasture

I'm going out to clean the pasture spring; I'll only stop to rake the leaves away (And wait to watch the water clear, I may): I sha'n't be gone long.—You come too.

I'm going out to fetch the little calf That's standing by the mother. It's so young, It totters when she licks it with her tongue.

I sha'n't be gone long.—You come too.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

The Pasture consits of three stanzas: the first stanza, the second stanza, and the refrain.

''I'm going out to clean the pasture spring;I'll only stop to rake the leaves away

(And wait to watch the water clear, I may)''

A farmer going out into the field to do some spring cleaning. He's going to rake leaves and make sure the water is running properly. It's simply a list of chores that he needs to get done. This poem has a very inviting tone. It's as though the farmer is speaking to a friend, telling the friend about his plans for the day.

I'm going out to clean the pasture spring; I'll only stop to rake the leaves away (And wait to watch the water clear, I may): I sha'n't be gone long.—You come too.

The farmer is explaining that he also needs to check on the young calf. He notes that this calf is so young that it can barely stay upright and must stay near its mother. The imagery here is one of new life, described in simple detail.

I'm going out to fetch the little calf That's standing by the mother. It's so young, It totters when she licks it with her tongue.

The farmer explains that this list of chores shouldn't take him long, but he invites his friend to come along. This is where we really see a loving relationship. Although these chores won't take the farmer long, he wants the person he's speaking with to join him. He wants to spend every moment possible with this friend.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

I sha'n't be gone long.—You come too.

The Pasture tells about a farmer going out into the field to do some spring cleaning. He's going to rake leaves and make sure the water is running properly. It's simply a list of chores that he needs to get done. The poem tells a farmer is speaking to a friend, telling the friend about his plans for the day.

The farmer explains the activity would not take him long, but he invites his friend to come along. This is where we really see a loving relationship. Although these chores won't take the farmer long, he wants the person he is speaking with to join him. He wants to spend every moment possible with this friend.

In this poem, it can be seen that the speaker wants to deliver is a happy life. We can also see that how happy he described the things in the poem. In addition to the analysis, the poem also used three kind of natures; spring stand for the beginning of life, leaves stand for life and water stand for life. There is also one animal; calf stand for the relatives between a mother and her child.

Tabel 4.2.10

Analysis The Pasture (1914) Sense Feeling Tone Intention

In this poem, it can be The attitude of the The speaker wanted The intention of the seen that the speaker writer is that he is to tell that we have a poem is that telling wants to deliver is a happy to do the beautiful life that we people it is good to happy life. We can also activities. People have have to spend with spend our life with see that how happy he a happy period in others. someone we love. described the things in their life and it will be the poem. The subject more beautiful if we matter of this poem is spend with relatives.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

thelling about our activity in life and how we spend our life with friends.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

4.3 Research Finding

From the data analysis, there were found some nature used in the poems.

Table 4.3. Research Finding

Analysis No The Tittle of The Poem Nature Animal Thing Season Plant

1 Stopping by Snow Horse Bells Woods on A Woods Snowy Evening Lake

2 The Pasture Spring Calf Rake Leaves Water 3 After Apple Woodhuck Barrel Almost Apple Picking, Cellar bin. Evening Grass.

4 Nothing Gold Can Gold Flower Stay Leaves

5 Fire and Ice Ice Fire

6 Tuft Of Flowers Sun Butterfly Grass Trees Flower

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

7 Mowing Wood Snake Gold Flower

8 The Oven Bird Summer Bird Leaves Flowers

9 The Road Not Road Taken Wood

10 Mending Wall Sun Rabbit Wall Spring Stone Dogs Hill

From the data above, it can be concluded that the nature mostly found in the Robert Frost poem is flower.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1. Conclusion

Based on the data analysis in the previous chapter the speaker concluded that first, Robert

Frost used nature in delivering the message of his poems. Robert Frost used nature for many purposes. For example Robert Frost used nature as a background to illustrate people’s psychological struggle with everyday life. His poems usually began with an observation in nature and proceeded to the connection to human situation, such as loneliness, helplessness, confusion, and in different human relationship. Some nature were used in the poems are wood, leaves, flower, grass, sun, summer, stone, spring, snow , lake and water. Second, it was found that the kind of nature mostly used in Roberts Frost Poems is flowers.

Based on the data in the previous chapter, it was found that nature are used in the poems.

The nature consited of plants and animals. The plants found wereleaves (3), apple (1), grass (2), flower (4) and trees (1). The animals found were bird (1), butterfly (1), rabbit (1), snake(1), woodhuck (1) and calf (1) and dog (1).

5.2. Suggestion

From the research findings, the writer would like to suggest that:

1. The use of nature gives a lot of contributions to the poem

2. These research findings give a deeper understanding about Roberts’ Frost pems

3. These reserach findings give a contribution to the next resercher who would like to

conduct a related topic.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

REFERENCES

Al Fuadi, Mohamed. 2014. Formalist Criticicm and Readers‟ Response Theory. University of Rusia.

Ary et al.2010. Introduction to Research in Education. Australia:Wadsword.

Bogdan, R. and Taylor S.J. 1995. Introduction to Qualitative Research Method. New York:

John Willey and Soons.

Forst, Robert. 1966. The Poetry of Robert Frost. New York: Longman.

Frost, Robert. 1930. Collected Poems. New York: Longman.

Muchtar, Muhizar et.al 2002. Pedoman penulisan skripsi. Medan: FIB USU

Rath, Mamata.2014. A Study of Home in Robert Frost‟ Poetry.IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science. Volume 19.

Sari, Reni Indah Permata. 2011. An Analysis of Moral Values Found in Robert Frost‟s

Selected Poems.

Wellek, Rene and Warren, Austin. 1963. Theory of Literature. New York: Brace and

Company Inc.

Zhang, Yuanli and Jia, Lixia.2017. Analysis on Nature in Robert Frost‟s Poetry. Science

Publishing Group.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

APPENDIX

BIOGRAPHY OF ROBERT FROST

Robert Lee Frost (March 26, 1874 – January 29, 1963) was an American poet. His work was initially published in England before it was published in America. Known for his realistic depictions of rural life and his command of American colloquial speech, Frost frequently wrote about settings from rural life in New England in the early twentieth century, using them to examine complex social and philosophical themes. Frost was honored frequently during his lifetime, receiving four Pulitzer Prizes for Poetry. He became one of America's rare "public literary figures, almost an artistic institution. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal in 1960 for his poetic works. On July 22, 1961, Frost was named poet laureate of Vermont. Frost wrote some famous poems, such as Fire and Ice, Tutf of Flower, Mending Wall, After Apple Picking, Oven Bird ans etc. On January 29, 1963, Frost died from complications related to prostate surgery. He was survived by two of his daughters, Lesley and Irma, and his ashes are interred in a family plot in Bennington, Vermont.

1. Stopping by Woods on A Snowy Evening, 1923

Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow.

My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farmhouse near Between the woods and frozen lake The darkest evening of the year.

He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some mistake. The only other sound‟s the sweep Of easy wind and downy flake.

The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep.

2. After Apple Picking, 1914

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

What form my dreaming was about to take. Magnified apples appear and disappear, Stem end and blossom end, And every fleck of russet showing clear. My instep arch not only keeps the ache, It keeps the pressure of a ladder-round. I feel the ladder sway as the boughs bend. And I keep hearing from the cellar bin The rumbling sound

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

3. Nothing Gold can Stay, 1923

Nature‟s first green is gold Her hardest hue to hold Her early leaf‟s a flower But only so an hour

The leaf to subsides leaf So Eden Sank to grief So dawn goes down to day Nothing gold can stay

4. Mowing, 1915

5. Tuft of Flowers, 1915

I went to turn the grass once after one Who mowed it in the dew before the sun.

The dew was gone that made his blade so keen Before I came to view the levelled scene.

I looked for him behind an isle of trees; I listened for his whetstone on the breeze.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

But he had gone his way, the grass all mown, And I must be, as he had been,—alone,

„As all must be,‟ I said within my heart, „Whether they work together or apart.‟

But as I said it, swift there passed me by On noiseless wing a „wildered butterfly,

Seeking with memories grown dim o‟er night Some resting flower of yesterday‟s delight.

And once I marked his flight go round and round, As where some flower lay withering on the ground. And then he flew as far as eye could see, And then on tremulous wing came back to me.