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Phonological Features in Robert Frost's “Fire and Ice” and “Nothing Gold Can Stay” Poems

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Phonological Features in Robert Frost's “Fire and Ice” and “Nothing Gold Can Stay” Poems PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PHONOLOGICAL FEATURES IN ROBERT FROST’S “FIRE AND ICE” AND “NOTHING GOLD CAN STAY” POEMS AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By HADRIAN KUSUMA ASMARA Student Number: 144214071 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2018 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PHONOLOGICAL FEATURES IN ROBERT FROST’S “FIRE AND ICE” AND “NOTHING GOLD CAN STAY” POEMS AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By HADRIAN KUSUMA ASMARA Student Number: 144214071 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2018 ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI iii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI iv PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI v PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI vi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Time is never Waiting For us To Do Something vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI This Page is dedicated for CHRISTIAN KUSUMA ASMARA viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to send my deepest gratefulness to Jesus Christ for all blessing during and after the process of writing this thesis. I thank Him because He has accompanied me through my family and my friends who always support me in every situation I have. Secondly, I would like to extend my gratitude to my thesis advisor, Arina Isti’anah, S.Pd., M.Hum., for understanding my diffculties, guiding me patiently, and supporting me in finishing my thesis. She patiently read my writing and gave me suggestions that made this writing a success. Thridly, I also would like to thank my co-advisor, Dr. Bernadine Ria Lestari, M.Sc. who gives me lots of advices and suggestions that make my thesis better. Fourthly, I would thank my parents, my brothers, my girlfriend, Irene Putri, for all of their support so I can finish my thesis. Next, I would also thank all my lovely best firends Alex, Ega, Adong, Sharon, Siska, Bella, and Nadia, who always support me to do my thesis, all my Kopma friends, Inno, Wisnu, Satya, Niko, Malolo, Garda, and Magot, who always accompanies me in playing Vainglory when I am down. Finally, I would like thank all of my friends in English Letters of 2014 for the encouragement so that I manage to finish this thesis. Hadrian Kusuma Asmara ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE .................................................................................................. ii APPROVAL PAGE ....................................................................................... iii ACCEPTANCE PAGE ................................................................................. iv LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH .......................................................................................................... v STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ............................................................. vi MOTTO PAGE .............................................................................................. vii DEDICATION PAGE ................................................................................... viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................. x LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... xii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... xiii ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... xiv CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ................................................................. 1 A. Background of the Study ..................................................................... 1 B. Problem Formulation ........................................................................... 5 C. Objectives of the Study ........................................................................ 5 D. Definition of Terms .............................................................................. 6 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ............................................. 8 A. Review of Related Studies ................................................................... 8 B. Review of Related Theories ................................................................. 12 1. Stylistics .......................................................................................... 12 2. Phonology ........................................................................................ 14 3. Poem ................................................................................................ 22 C. Theoretical Framework ........................................................................ 23 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ............................................................. 25 A. Object of the Study .............................................................................. 25 B. Approach of the Study ......................................................................... 26 C. Method of the Study ............................................................................ 26 1. Data Collection ................................................................................ 26 2. Data Analysis .................................................................................. 27 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ................. 29 A. Phonological Features in Robert Frost’s “Fire and Ice” and “Nothing Gold Can Stay” .................................................................................... 29 x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 1. “Fire and Ice” Poem ........................................................................ 29 2. “Nothing Gold Can Stay” Poem ..................................................... 40 B. Phonological Feature’s contribution to Robert Frost’s style ................ 50 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ..................................................................... 58 REFERENCES ............................................................................................... 62 APPENDICES ................................................................................................ 65 A. Appendix 1: “Fire and Ice” Poem ........................................................ 65 B. Appendix 2: “Nothing Gold Can Stay” Poem .................................... 66 xi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Assonance Found in “Fire ad Ice”................................................. .... 30 Table 2. Alliteration Found in “Fire and Ice”................................................ 31 Table 3. Consonance Found in “Fire and Ice”............................................... 33 Table 4. Rhyme Found in “Fire and Ice”....................................................... 35 Table 5. Metrical Pattern Found in “Fire and Ice”......................................... 37 Table 6. Assonance Found in “Nothing Gold Can Stay”................................ 40 Table 7. Alliteration Found in “Nothing Gold Can Stay”............................... 42 Table 8. Consonance Found in “Nothing Gold Can Stay”.............................. 43 Table 9. Rhyme Found in “Nothing Gold Can Stay”.................................... 45 Table 10. Metrical Pattern Found in “Nothing Gold Can Stay”..................... 47 xii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT ASMARA, HADRIAN KUSUMA. (2018). Phonological Features in Robert Frost’s “Fire and Ice” and “Nothing Gold Can Stay” Poems. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma. Style is a primary aspect of any literary piece of writing. One example of literary works is poem. In stylistics, the style of a poem can be analyzed through several aspects, one of which is through its sounds. Subsequently, the use of sound in a poem can be used to see the style of the author. In the case of sound, there is an overview of the sound system in the language by means of phonology. Phonological rules can show the analysis of sound production changes. Phonology has some interesting type of data to analyze. One of which is literary works, especially poetry. This study has two objectives to discuss. First, the writer presents phonological features found in Robert Frost’s “Fire and Ice” and “Nothing Gold Can Stay”. Second, the writer finds Robert Frost style in making the poems through the phonological features that are found. This research employed a stylistic approach to analyze the phonological features found in the poems and find Frost’s style in making his poems. The population study was employed to take the data. From the discussion, the writer found out that “Fire and Ice” had ABAABCBCB end rhyme pattern, which included /aɪə/,/aɪs/, and /eɪt/ rhyme sounds, and it used masculine rhyme. It was written in iambic tetrameter and iambic dimeter. The front high lax vowel /ɪ/ and the diphthong /aɪ/ dominate the repetition of vowel sound. The alveolar voiceless consonant /s/ is mostly repeated in the beginning of the words, while the alveolar voiceless consonant /t/ is the only sound repeated in the end of the words. Meanwhile, “Nothing Gold Can Stay” had AABBCCDD end rhyme pattern, which
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