A Pragmatic Stylistic Framework for Text Analysis
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Systemic Functional Features in Stylistic Text Classification
Systemic Functional Features in Stylistic Text Classification Casey Whitelaw Shlomo Argamon School of Information Technologies Department of Computer Science University of Sydney, NSW, Australia Illinois Institute of Technology [email protected] 10 W. 31st Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA [email protected] Abstract of meaning, we are unlikely to gain any true insight into the nature of the stylistic dimension(s) under study. We propose that textual ‘style’ should be best de- fined as ‘non-denotational meaning’, i.e., those as- How then should we approach finding more theoretically- pects of a text’s meaning that are mostly inde- motivated stylistic feature sets? First consider the well- pendent of what the text refers to in the world. accepted notion that style is indicated by features that in- To make this more concrete, we describe a lin- dicate the author’s choice of one mode of expression from guistically well-motivated framework for compu- among a set of equivalent modes. At the surface level, this tational stylistic analysis based on Systemic Func- may be expressed by specific choice of words, syntactic struc- tional Linguistics. This theory views a text as a tures, discourse strategy, or combinations. The causes of such realisation of multiple overlapping choices within surface variation are similarly heterogeneous, including the a network of related meanings, many of which re- genre, register, or purpose of the text, as well as the educa- late to non-denotational (traditionally ‘pragmatic’) tional background, social status, and personality of the au- aspects such as cohesion or interpersonal distance. thor and audience. -
Variational Text Linguistics: Revisiting Register in English
Christoph Schubert and Christina Sanchez-Stockhammer (Eds.) Variational Text Linguistics Topics in English Linguistics Editors Elizabeth Closs Traugott Bernd Kortmann Volume 90 Variational Text Linguistics Revisiting Register in English Edited by Christoph Schubert Christina Sanchez-Stockhammer ISBN 978-3-11-044310-3 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-044355-4 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-043533-7 ISSN 1434-3452 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2016 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Cover image: Brian Stablyk/Photographer’s Choice RF/Getty Images Typesetting: fidus Publikations-Service GmbH, Nördlingen Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck ♾ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Acknowledgements The foundations for this edited collection of articles were laid at the interna- tional conference Register revisited: New perspectives on functional text variety in English, which took place at the University of Vechta, Germany, from June 27 to 29, 2013. The aim of the present volume is to conserve the research papers and many inspiring discussions which were stimulated then and to make them available to a larger audience. It was only possible to achieve this aim thanks to the help of many people joining us in the effort. First and foremost, we would like to thank all contributors for their continued cooperation in this project. -
Discussion Notes for Aristotle's Politics
Sean Hannan Classics of Social & Political Thought I Autumn 2014 Discussion Notes for Aristotle’s Politics BOOK I 1. Introducing Aristotle a. Aristotle was born around 384 BCE (in Stagira, far north of Athens but still a ‘Greek’ city) and died around 322 BCE, so he lived into his early sixties. b. That means he was born about fifteen years after the trial and execution of Socrates. He would have been approximately 45 years younger than Plato, under whom he was eventually sent to study at the Academy in Athens. c. Aristotle stayed at the Academy for twenty years, eventually becoming a teacher there himself. When Plato died in 347 BCE, though, the leadership of the school passed on not to Aristotle, but to Plato’s nephew Speusippus. (As in the Republic, the stubborn reality of Plato’s family connections loomed large.) d. After living in Asia Minor from 347-343 BCE, Aristotle was invited by King Philip of Macedon to serve as the tutor for Philip’s son Alexander (yes, the Great). Aristotle taught Alexander for eight years, then returned to Athens in 335 BCE. There he founded his own school, the Lyceum. i. Aside: We should remember that these schools had substantial afterlives, not simply as ideas in texts, but as living sites of intellectual energy and exchange. The Academy lasted from 387 BCE until 83 BCE, then was re-founded as a ‘Neo-Platonic’ school in 410 CE. It was finally closed by Justinian in 529 CE. (Platonic philosophy was still being taught at Athens from 83 BCE through 410 CE, though it was not disseminated through a formalized Academy.) The Lyceum lasted from 334 BCE until 86 BCE, when it was abandoned as the Romans sacked Athens. -
Out of Style: Reanimating Stylistic Study in Composition and Rhetoric
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All USU Press Publications USU Press 2008 Out of Style: Reanimating Stylistic Study in Composition and Rhetoric Paul Butler Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/usupress_pubs Part of the Rhetoric and Composition Commons Recommended Citation Butler, Paul, "Out of Style: Reanimating Stylistic Study in Composition and Rhetoric" (2008). All USU Press Publications. 162. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/usupress_pubs/162 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the USU Press at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All USU Press Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 6679-0_OutOfStyle.ai79-0_OutOfStyle.ai 5/19/085/19/08 2:38:162:38:16 PMPM C M Y CM MY CY CMY K OUT OF STYLE OUT OF STYLE Reanimating Stylistic Study in Composition and Rhetoric PAUL BUTLER UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS Logan, Utah 2008 Utah State University Press Logan, Utah 84322–7800 © 2008 Utah State University Press All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-0-87421-679-0 (paper) ISBN: 978-0-87421-680-6 (e-book) “Style in the Diaspora of Composition Studies” copyright 2007 from Rhetoric Review by Paul Butler. Reproduced by permission of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC., http:// www. informaworld.com. Manufactured in the United States of America. Cover design by Barbara Yale-Read. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Library of Congress Cataloging-in- Publication Data Butler, Paul, Out of style : reanimating stylistic study in composition and rhetoric / Paul Butler. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. -
Mathematics: Analysis and Approaches First Assessments for SL and HL—2021
International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme Subject Brief Mathematics: analysis and approaches First assessments for SL and HL—2021 The Diploma Programme (DP) is a rigorous pre-university course of study designed for students in the 16 to 19 age range. It is a broad-based two-year course that aims to encourage students to be knowledgeable and inquiring, but also caring and compassionate. There is a strong emphasis on encouraging students to develop intercultural understanding, open-mindedness, and the attitudes necessary for them LOMA PROGRA IP MM to respect and evaluate a range of points of view. B D E I DIES IN LANGUA STU GE ND LITERATURE The course is presented as six academic areas enclosing a central core. Students study A A IN E E N D N DG two modern languages (or a modern language and a classical language), a humanities G E D IV A O L E I W X S ID U IT O T O G E U or social science subject, an experimental science, mathematics and one of the creative IS N N C N K ES TO T I A U CH E D E A A A L F C T L Q O H E S O R I I C P N D arts. Instead of an arts subject, students can choose two subjects from another area. P G E A Y S A E R S It is this comprehensive range of subjects that makes the Diploma Programme a O S E A Y H T demanding course of study designed to prepare students effectively for university entrance. -
Stylistic and Linguistic Analysis of a Literary Text Using Systemic Functional Grammar+῍
῍ῌ Stylistic and Linguistic Analysis of a Literary Text Using Systemic Functional Grammar+῍ Noriko Iwamoto Ώ῝M.A.K.Halliday Ίῑῢ`Ὼῌtransitivity῍ Ῡῤ Ί῭ ῗ῏ῢ῍ `Ὼ῝ῷῸ&ῧ ῞Ῐ*ῗ῏ῢ+,Ὼ- ῌthe ideational function῍ ῤῶ0ῢ 1ῷῸ 3ῗ῏ῡῌ 6῾`ῌ 8`ῌ ;`ῌ <ῷ`ῌ ῼ >`ῌ ?@`Ῐῲ`ΊῑῢBCDEῒῠῢ῍ ΰῠῤJKῪ ῦ N P6Q Ί῭ῌ ῲP6S῾ῌ ῼ>TUῌ P6VW ῺXῌ YῠΊZΰῠῤ[ῖ] QῐῘ0ῢ`+ῤῬc ῑd ῟Ὸfg ῒῠhῠῒΊdῐῘij῍ dῐῚ ῝ῌ l ῳῨῥῦpῤq1Ῐῖῌ ZΰΎῨῥῦp ῌ uῌΌ´ ῚῙ῍ Ί ῭΅ῗ῏ῢῘῤz{ῌ ΰ|ῗ}῎ῘYΰ ῖΐῬc Ῐ Ῐῤῴ1ῢ ῗ῏ῢ῍ Key words : functional grammar ; transitivity ; stylistics ; narrative ; gender +. Introduction This article explores the relationship between linguistic structures and socially constructed meaning in a narrative text. By employing Halliday’s transitivity framework, the article attempts ῍ῌ to reveal the ideology and power relations that underpin a literary text from a semantico-grammatical point of view. This study seeks common ground where systemic grammar and narrative, which have long been considered separate disciplines, can meet. +. + Narrative as a linguistically constructed world We humans beings often put our experiences and thoughts into stories. Narrative refers to storytelling, both written and spoken, including oral narrative. A narrative constructs a world using various linguistic resources. A narrative is a microcosm of how people act, feel, and think, and what they value as an individual or as a member of a community or institution. There are various methods for, and theories of, narrative analysis and its presentation. One of the most widely adopted is that of Labov and Waletsky ῌ+301῍, who presented structural stages for narrative analysis that have been widely accepted. -
Scientific Discovery in the Era of Big Data: More Than the Scientific Method
Scientific Discovery in the Era of Big Data: More than the Scientific Method A RENCI WHITE PAPER Vol. 3, No. 6, November 2015 Scientific Discovery in the Era of Big Data: More than the Scientific Method Authors Charles P. Schmitt, Director of Informatics and Chief Technical Officer Steven Cox, Cyberinfrastructure Engagement Lead Karamarie Fecho, Medical and Scientific Writer Ray Idaszak, Director of Collaborative Environments Howard Lander, Senior Research Software Developer Arcot Rajasekar, Chief Domain Scientist for Data Grid Technologies Sidharth Thakur, Senior Research Data Software Developer Renaissance Computing Institute University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA 919-445-9640 RENCI White Paper Series, Vol. 3, No. 6 1 AT A GLANCE • Scientific discovery has long been guided by the scientific method, which is considered to be the “gold standard” in science. • The era of “big data” is increasingly driving the adoption of approaches to scientific discovery that either do not conform to or radically differ from the scientific method. Examples include the exploratory analysis of unstructured data sets, data mining, computer modeling, interactive simulation and virtual reality, scientific workflows, and widespread digital dissemination and adjudication of findings through means that are not restricted to traditional scientific publication and presentation. • While the scientific method remains an important approach to knowledge discovery in science, a holistic approach that encompasses new data-driven approaches is needed, and this will necessitate greater attention to the development of methods and infrastructure to integrate approaches. • New approaches to knowledge discovery will bring new challenges, however, including the risk of data deluge, loss of historical information, propagation of “false” knowledge, reliance on automation and analysis over inquiry and inference, and outdated scientific training models. -
Phonological Features in Robert Frost's “Fire and Ice” and “Nothing Gold Can Stay” Poems
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PHONOLOGICAL FEATURES IN ROBERT FROST’S “FIRE AND ICE” AND “NOTHING GOLD CAN STAY” POEMS AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By HADRIAN KUSUMA ASMARA Student Number: 144214071 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2018 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PHONOLOGICAL FEATURES IN ROBERT FROST’S “FIRE AND ICE” AND “NOTHING GOLD CAN STAY” POEMS AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By HADRIAN KUSUMA ASMARA Student Number: 144214071 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2018 ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI iii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI iv PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI v PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI vi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Time is never Waiting For us To Do Something vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI This Page is dedicated for CHRISTIAN KUSUMA ASMARA viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to send my deepest gratefulness to Jesus Christ for all blessing during and after the process of writing this thesis. I thank Him because He has accompanied me through my family and my friends who always support me in every situation I have. Secondly, I would like to extend my gratitude to my thesis advisor, Arina Isti’anah, S.Pd., M.Hum., for understanding my diffculties, guiding me patiently, and supporting me in finishing my thesis. She patiently read my writing and gave me suggestions that made this writing a success. -
Aristotle's Prime Matter: an Analysis of Hugh R. King's Revisionist
Abstract: Aristotle’s Prime Matter: An Analysis of Hugh R. King’s Revisionist Approach Aristotle is vague, at best, regarding the subject of prime matter. This has led to much discussion regarding its nature in his thought. In his article, “Aristotle without Prima Materia,” Hugh R. King refutes the traditional characterization of Aristotelian prime matter on the grounds that Aristotle’s first interpreters in the centuries after his death read into his doctrines through their own neo-Platonic leanings. They sought to reconcile Plato’s theory of Forms—those detached universal versions of form—with Aristotle’s notion of form. This pursuit led them to misinterpret Aristotle’s prime matter, making it merely capable of a kind of participation in its own actualization (i.e., its form). I agree with King here, but I find his redefinition of prime matter hasty. He falls into the same trap as the traditional interpreters in making any matter first. Aristotle is clear that actualization (form) is always prior to potentiality (matter). Hence, while King’s assertion that the four elements are Aristotle’s prime matter is compelling, it misses the mark. Aristotle’s prime matter is, in fact, found within the elemental forces. I argue for an approach to prime matter that eschews a dichotomous understanding of form’s place in the philosophies of Aristotle and Plato. In other words, it is not necessary to reject the Platonic aspects of Aristotle’s philosophy in order to rebut the traditional conception of Aristotelian prime matter. “Aristotle’s Prime Matter” - 1 Aristotle’s Prime Matter: An Analysis of Hugh R. -
LING 211 – Introduction to Linguistic Analysis
LING 211 – Introduction to Linguistic Analysis Section 01: TTh 1:40–3:00 PM, Eliot 103 Section 02: TTh 3:10–4:30 PM, Eliot 103 Course Syllabus Fall 2019 Sameer ud Dowla Khan Matt Pearson pronoun: he or they he office: Eliot 101C Vollum 313 email: [email protected] [email protected] phone: ext. 4018 (503-517-4018) ext. 7618 (503-517-7618) office hours: Wed, 11:00–1:00 Mon, 2:30–4:00 Fri, 1:00–2:00 Tue, 10:00–11:30 (or by appointment) (or by appointment) PREREQUISITES There are no prerequisites for this course, other than an interest in language. Some familiarity with tradi- tional grammar terms such as noun, verb, preposition, syllable, consonant, vowel, phrase, clause, sentence, etc., would be useful, but is by no means required. CONTENT AND FOCUS OF THE COURSE This course is an introduction to the scientific study of human language. Starting from basic questions such as “What is language?” and “What do we know when we know a language?”, we investigate the human language faculty through the hands-on analysis of naturalistic data from a variety of languages spoken around the world. We adopt a broadly cognitive viewpoint throughout, investigating language as a system of knowledge within the mind of the language user (a mental grammar), which can be studied empirically and represented using formal models. To make this task simpler, we will generally treat languages as though they were static systems. For example, we will assume that it is possible to describe a language structure synchronically (i.e., as it exists at a specific point in history), ignoring the fact that languages constantly change over time. -
Computational Linguistics - Nicoletta Calzolari
LINGUISTICS - Computational Linguistics - Nicoletta Calzolari COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS Nicoletta Calzolari Istituto di Linguistica Computazionale del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ILC- CNR), Pisa, Italy Keywords: Computational linguistics, text and speech processing, language technology, language resources. Contents 1. What is Computational Linguistics? 1.1. A few sketches in the history of Computational Linguistics 2. Automatic text processing 2.1. Parsing 2.2. Computational lexicons and ontologies 2.3. Acquisition methodologies 3. Applications 4. Infrastructural Language Resources 4.1. European projects 5. NLP in the global information and knowledge society 5.1. NLP in Europe 5.2. Production and “intelligent” use of the digital content (also multimedia) 6. Future perspectives 6.1. The promotion of national languages in the global society and the new Internet generation Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary A brief overview of the field of Computational Linguistics is given. After a few sketches on the short history of the field, we focus on the area of Natural Language Processing providing an outline of some of the main components of computational linguistics systems. It is stressed the important role acquired by Language Resources, such asUNESCO corpora and lexicons, in the last –year s.EOLSS They are the prerequisite and the critical factor for the emergence and the consolidation of the data-driven and statistical approaches, which became undoubtedly predominant in the last decade, and are still the prevailing trendSAMPLE in human language technology. CHAPTERS We point at the fact that linguistic technologies – for analysis, representation, access, acquisition, management of textual information – are more and more used for applications such as: (semi-)automatic translation, summarization, information retrieval and cross-lingual information retrieval, information extraction, question answering, classification of documents, search engines on the web, text/data mining, decision support systems, etc. -
31 Language and Literature: Stylistics
742 Peter Stockwell 31 Language and Literature: Stylistics PETER STOCKWELL 1 Introduction It might seem obvious to the non-specialist that literature, the most culturally valued and aesthetically prestigious form of language practice, is best studied using the resources developed in the field of linguistics. However, this truism has not always been obvious to a wide range of disciplines, all of which claim a different stake in the study of the literary. Much of this contentiousness has arisen out of the historical baggage accumulated by institutionalized discip- lines, out of territorial self-interest, and (it must be said) out of intellectual laziness, as well as the legitimate arguments around the validity and scope of linguistics. Stylistics is the discipline that has bridged these areas, and stylisticians have found themselves engaged in arguments not only with literary critics, cultural theorists, philosophers, poets, novelists and dramatists, but also with practitioners of linguistics. On the one hand it is argued that the artistic endeavour of literature cannot be amenable to the sort of rigorous analytical procedures offered by linguistic analysis; on the other hand it is argued that descriptive linguistics cannot be applied to artificial texts and readerly interpretations. For one group, stylistics simply and reductively dissects its object; for the other, the object simply cannot be described in a scientifically replicable and transparent manner. The multivalent position of stylistics has its roots in the histories of lan- guage study and literary criticism, and the institutional make-up of modern universities and department divisions which fossilize particular disciplinary boundaries and configurations. Stylistics has therefore come to be regarded as an essentially interdisciplinary field, drawing on the different sub-disciplines within linguistics to varying degrees, as well as on fields recognizable to literary critics, such as philosophy, cultural theory, sociology, history and psychology.