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Khu Hệ Cá Nội Địa Vùng Thừa Thiên Huế

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Khu Hệ Cá Nội Địa Vùng Thừa Thiên Huế ĐẠI HỌC HUẾ TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƢ PHẠM NGUYỄN DUY THUẬN KHU HỆ CÁ NỘI ĐỊA VÙNG THỪA THIÊN HUẾ LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ SINH HỌC Huế, năm 2019 ĐẠI HỌC HUẾ TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƢ PHẠM NGUYỄN DUY THUẬN KHU HỆ CÁ NỘI ĐỊA VÙNG THỪA THIÊN HUẾ Chuyên ngành: Động vật học Mã số: 9.42.01.03 LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ SINH HỌC Ngƣời hƣớng dẫn khoa học: PGS.TS. VÕ VĂN PHÖ Huế, năm 2019 LỜI CAM ĐOAN Xin cam đoan đây là công trình nghiên cứu của riêng tôi dƣới sự hƣớng dẫn của thầy giáo PGS.TS. Võ Văn Phú. Các số liệu và kết quả nghiên cứu nêu trong luận án là trung thực, đƣợc các đồng tác giả cho phép sử dụng và chƣa từng đƣợc công bố trong bất kỳ một công trình nào khác. Những trích dẫn về bảng biểu, kết quả nghiên cứu của những tác giả khác, tài liệu sử dụng trong luận án đều có nguồn gốc rõ ràng và trích dẫn theo đúng quy định. Thừa Thiên Huế, ngày tháng năm 2019 Tác giả luận án Nguyễn Duy Thuận i LỜI CẢM ƠN Hoàn thành luận án này, em xin bày tỏ lòng biết ơn sâu sắc đến thầy giáo PGS.TS. Võ Văn Phú, Khoa Sinh học, Trƣờng Đại học Khoa học, Đại học Huế, ngƣời Thầy đã tận tình chỉ bảo, hƣớng dẫn trong suốt quá trình học tập, nghiên cứu và hoàn thành luận án. Tôi xin phép đƣợc gửi lời cảm ơn chân thành đến tập thể Giáo sƣ, Phó giáo sƣ, Tiến sĩ - những ngƣời Thầy trong Bộ môn Động vật học và Khoa Sinh học, Trƣờng Đại học Sƣ phạm, Đại học Huế đã cho tôi những bài học cơ bản, những kinh nghiệm trong nghiên cứu, truyền cho tôi tinh thần làm việc nghiêm túc, đã cho tôi nhiều ý kiến chỉ dẫn quý báu trong quá trình thực hiện đề tài luận án. Tôi xin đƣợc bày tỏ sự cảm ơn chân thành đến GS.TS. Mai Đình Yên, trƣờng Đại học KHTN - ĐHQG Hà Nội; GS.TS. Ngô Đắc Chứng, trƣờng ĐHSP, Đại học Huế; PGS.TS. Nguyễn Hữu Dực, trƣờng ĐHSP Hà Nội; PGS.TS. Hoàng Đức Huy, trƣờng Đại học KHTN - ĐHQG thành phố Hồ Chi Minh; PGS.TS. Hoàng Xuân Quang, Đại học Vinh; PGS.TS. Lê Trọng Sơn, trƣờng ĐHKH, Đại học Huế; PGS.TS. Nguyễn Văn Thuận, PGS.TS. Trần Quốc Dung, trƣờng ĐHSP, Đại học Huế đã giúp đỡ về tài liệu nghiên cứu và các ý kiến góp ý cho việc hoàn thiện luận án. Xin chân thành cảm ơn Ban Đào tạo Đại học Huế; Ban Giám hiệu, Phòng Đào tạo Sau đại học, Trƣờng Đại học Sƣ phạm, Đại học Huế. Quý thầy, cô giáo trong Bộ môn Tài nguyên sinh vật và Môi trƣờng, Khoa Sinh học trƣờng Đại học Khoa học, Đại học Huế. Xin cảm ơn sự giúp đỡ cần thiết của Cục Thống kê, Sở Khoa học và Công nghệ, Sở Nông nghiệp và Phát triển nông thôn tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế, Ban Giám đốc Vƣờn quốc gia Bạch Mã, Ban quan lý Khu bảo tồn thiên nhiên Phong Điền, UBND các xã, các ngƣ dân trên địa bàn tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế, các sinh viên đã giúp đỡ tôi thu thập mẫu vật, cung cấp thông tin về tình hình khai thác và nguồn lợi cá… ở khu vực nghiên cứu trong suốt quá trình thực hiện đề tài. Tôi xin bày tỏ lòng biết ơn sâu sắc đến gia đình, ngƣời thân, bạn bè, đồng nghiệp đã động viên, giúp đỡ trong suốt thời gian thực hiện luận án này. Thừa Thiên Huế, ngày tháng năm 2019 Tác giả luận án Nguyễn Duy Thuận ii DANH MỤC CÁC CHỮ VIẾT TẮT BNNPTNT Bộ Nông nghiệp và Phát triển nông thôn BTNMT Bộ Tài nguyên và Môi trƣờng CITES Công ƣớc về buôn bán quốc tế các loài động vật, thực vật hoang dã nguy cấp cs. Cộng sự DNA Deoxyribonucleic axit ĐHKH Đại học Khoa học ĐHQG Đại học Quốc gia ĐHSP Đại học Sƣ phạm et al. Và những ngƣời khác IUCN Tổ chức Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế KBT Khu bảo tồn KBTTN Khu bảo tồn thiên nhiên KHTN Khoa học tự nhiên KT-XH Kinh tế - Xã hội KVNC Khu vực nghiên cứu NST Nhiễm sắc thể PTBV Phát triển bền vững QĐ Quyết định QH Quốc hội SĐVN Sách đỏ Việt Nam Stt Số thứ tự Tb Trung bình TL Tỷ lệ TTH Thừa Thiên Huế TT Thông tƣ TTLT Thông tƣ liên tịch UBND Ủy ban nhân dân VQG Vƣờn quốc gia XHCN Xã hội Chủ nghĩa iii MỤC LỤC Trang LỜI CAM ĐOAN ................................................................................................................. i LỜI CẢM ƠN ....................................................................................................................... ii DANH MỤC CÁC CHỮ VIẾT TẮT ............................................................................... iii MỤC LỤC ........................................................................................................................... iv DANH MỤC CÁC BẢNG ................................................................................................vii DANH MỤC CÁC HÌNH .................................................................................................. ix MỞ ĐẦU ............................................................................................................................. 1 1. Lý do chọn đề tài ................................................................................................ 1 2. Mục tiêu .............................................................................................................. 2 3. Nội dung nghiên cứu ........................................................................................... 2 4. Ý nghĩa khoa học và thực tiễn của đề tài luận án ............................................... 2 5. Đóng góp mới của luận án .................................................................................. 3 Chƣơng 1. TỔNG QUAN .................................................................................................... 4 1.1. LƢỢC SỬ NGHIÊN CỨU CÁ NỘI ĐỊA ........................................................... 4 1.1.1. Lƣợc sử nghiên cứu khu hệ và thành phần loài cá nội địa ở Việt Nam ............ 4 1.1.2. Về công bố loài mới .................................................................................... 12 1.2. LƢỢC SỬ NGHIÊN CỨU KHU HỆ CÁ Ở THỪA THIÊN HUẾ ................... 13 1.3. VỀ SỬ DỤNG HỆ THỐNG PHÂN LOẠI CÁ Ở VIỆT NAM ............................. 16 1.4. ĐỊA LÝ PHÂN BỐ CÁ NƢỚC NGỌT MIỀN TRUNG VIỆT NAM .............. 19 1.4.1. Các quan điểm về địa lý phân bố cá nƣớc ngọt miền Trung Việt Nam .......... 19 1.4.2. Thừa Thiên Huế trong vùng phân bố chuyển tiếp địa lý động vật cá nƣớc ngọt miền Trung ......................................................................................... 20 1.5. KHÁI QUÁT ĐIỀU KIỆN TỰ NHIÊN VÀ XÃ HỘI THỪA THIÊN HUẾ .... 21 1.5.1. Điều kiện tự nhiên ....................................................................................... 21 1.5.2. Khí hậu, Thủy văn ...................................................................................... 22 1.5.3. Tài nguyên sinh vật ..................................................................................... 25 1.5.4. Điều kiện về kinh tế - xã hội ....................................................................... 26 iv Chƣơng 2. THỜI GIAN, ĐỊA ĐIỂM, TƢ LIỆU VÀ PHƢƠNG PHÁP NGHIÊN CỨU ...................................................................... 28 2.1. THỜI GIAN ....................................................................................................... 28 2.2. ĐỊA ĐIỂM ......................................................................................................... 28 2.3. TƢ LIỆU NGHIÊN CỨU .................................................................................. 28 2.4. PHƢƠNG PHÁP NGHIÊN CỨU ...................................................................... 28 2.4.1. Phƣơng pháp hồi cứu tài liệu ...................................................................... 28 2.4.2. Phƣơng pháp nghiên cứu ngoài thực địa .................................................... 30 2.4.3. Phƣơng pháp phân tích mẫu, định loại cá trong phòng thí nghiệm ............ 32 2.4.4. Phƣơng pháp định loại cá ........................................................................... 37 2.4.5. Hệ thống phân loại ...................................................................................... 38 2.4.6. Nhận xét mối quan hệ thành phần loài và tính chất địa lý động vật khu hệ cá nội địa vùng Thừa Thiên Huế .......................................................................... 38 2.4.7. Đánh giá tác động của các hoạt động phát triển KT-XH đến nguồn lợi cá .. 39 2.4.8. Xử lý số liệu ................................................................................................ 39 Chƣơng 3. KẾT QUẢ NGHIÊN CỨU VÀ THẢO LUẬN ............................................ 40 3.1. THÀNH PHẦN LOÀI VÀ CẤU TRÚC CỦA KHU HỆ CÁ NỘI ĐỊA VÙNG THỪA THIÊN HUẾ ................................................................................................. 40 3.1.1. Danh lục thành phần loài ............................................................................ 40 3.1.2. Cấu trúc thành phần loài ............................................................................. 56 3.1.3. Nhóm cá ƣu thế ........................................................................................... 62 3.1.4. Ghi nhận mới cho khu hệ cá nội địa vùng Thừa Thiên Huế ....................... 64 3.1.5. Các loài cá có giá trị bảo tồn ở khu vực nghiên cứu .............................. 7466 3.1.6. Các loài cá có giá trị kinh tế ....................................................................... 78 3.1.7. Cá đƣợc sử dụng làm thiên địch ................................................................. 82 3.1.8. Cá nuôi làm cảnh ........................................................................................ 84 3.1.9. Các loài cá nuôi thƣơng phẩm .................................................................... 86 3.1.10. Các loài cá ngoại lai .................................................................................. 88 3.2. SỰ THAY ĐỔI VỊ TRÍ CÁC BỘ, HỌ TRONG HỆ THỐNG PHÂN LOẠI VÀ CẬP NHẬT MỚI TÊN LOÀI CÁ NỘI ĐỊA VÙNG THỪA THIÊN HUẾ ................ 90 v 3.2.1. Sự thay
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