Fides Et Libertas for 2000
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FIDES ET LIBERTAS 2 0 0 0 The Journal of the International Religious Liberty Association FIDES ET LIBERTAS 2 0 0 0 The Journal o f the International Religious Liberty Association International Religious Liberty Association 12501 Old Columbia Pike Silver Spring, Maryland 20904-6600, United States of America Phone 301.680.6680 Fax 301.680.6695 Email [email protected] Web site www.IRLA.org International Religious Liberty Association OFFICERS Bert B. Beach (U.S.A.), President 2000 Matthew A. Bediako (Ghana), Gunnar Staalsett (Norway), Denton Lotz (U.S.A.), Robert W. Nixon (U.S.A.), Leo S. Ranzolin (Brazil, U.S.A.), Vice Presidents John Graz (France, Switzerland), Secretary General Richard Lee Fenn (U.S.A.), Deputy Secretary General Donald E. Robinson (U.S.A.), Treasurer Rajmund Dabrowski (Poland), Director of Communication Jonathan Gallagher (U.K.), News Director and Webmaster Mitchell A. Tyner (U.S.A.), Legal Counsel Marilyn Riley (U.S.A.), Milind Lazarus Borge (U.S.A.), Staff BOARD OF DIRECTORS Bert B. Beach (U.S.A.), Chair 2000 Matthew A. Bediako (Ghana), Gunnar Staalsett (Norway), Denton Lotz (U.S.A.), Robert W. Nixon (U.S.A.), Leo S. Ranzolin (Brazil, U.S.A.), Vice Chairs John Graz (France, Switzerland), Secretary General Richard Lee Fenn (U.S.A.), Deputy Secretary General Siloe Joao de Almeida (Brazil), Lee Boothby (U.S.A.), Reinder Bruinsma (Netherlands), Ray L. Coombe (Australia), Rajmund Dabrowski (Poland), W. Cole Durham (U.S.A.), Clarence E. Hodges (U.S.A.), Eugene Hsu (China), Anatoly Krasikov (Russia), Victor P. Krushenitsky (Russia), Roland Minnerath (France), Mario Nino (U.S.A.), Jan Paulsen (Norway), Donald E. Robinson (U.S.A.) INTERNATIONAL REPRESENTATIVES Africa-Indian Ocean Region: Jean Emmanuel Nlo Nlo (Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire). East Africa Region: George C. Mwansa (Nairobi, Kenya). Euro-Africa Region: Maurice Verfaillie (Bern, Switzerland). Euro-Asia Region: Victor P. Krushenitsky (Moscow, Russia). Inter-American Region: Mario Nino (Coral Gables, Florida, U.S.A.). North American Region: Clarence E. Hodges (Silver Spring, Maryland, U.S.A.). Northern Asia-Pacific Region: Tadaomi Shinmyo (Koyang, South Korea). South American Region: Siloe Joao de Almeida (Brasilia, Brazil). South Pacific Region: Ray L. Coombe (Wahroonga, New South Wales, Australia). Southern Africa Region: Velile S. Wakaba (Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa). Southern Asia Region: Justus Devadas (Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India). Southern Asia-Pacific Region: Hiskia I. Missah (Silang, Cavite, Philippines). Trans- European Region: Reinder Bruinsma (St. Albans, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom). Declaration of Principles We believe that religious liberty is a God-given right. We believe that legislation and other governmental acts which unite church and state are contrary to the best interests of both institutions and are potentially prejudicial to human rights, and hold that it is best exercised where separation is maintained between church and state. We believe that government is divinely ordained to support and protect citi zens in their enjoyment of natural rights, and to rule in civil affairs; and that in so doing, government warrants respectful obedience and willing support. We believe in the natural and inalienable right of freedom of conscience—to have or not to have a religion; to adopt the religion or belief of one’s choice; to change religious belief according to conscience; to manifest one’s religion indi vidually or in community with others, in worship, observance, practice, promulga tion and teaching-subject only to respect for the equivalent rights of others. We believe that religious liberty includes also the freedom to establish and operate appropriate charitable or educational institutions, to solicit or receive vol untary financial contributions, to observe days of rest and celebrate holidays in ac cordance with the precepts of one’s religion, and to maintain communication with fellow believers at national and international levels. We believe that religious liberty and the elimination of intolerance and dis crimination based on religion or belief are essential to promote understanding, peace and friendship among people. We believe that citizens should use lawful and honorable means to prevent the reduction of religious liberty, so that all may enjoy its inestimable blessing. We believe that the spirit of true religious liberty is epitomized in the Golden Rule: Do unto others as you would have others do unto you. Statement of Purposes The purposes of the International Religious Liberty Association are universal and nonsectarian. (1) To disseminate the principles of religious liberty throughout the world. (2) To defend and safeguard the right of all people to worship, to adopt a religion or belief of their choice, to manifest their religious convictions in obser vance, promulgation, and teaching, subject only to the respect for the equivalent rights of others. (3) To support the right of religious organizations to operate in every country by their establishing and owning charitable or educational institutions. (4) To organize local, national, and regeional chapters, and to conduct semi nars, symposiums, conferences, and congresses. Mission Statement The mission of the International Religious Liberty Association is to defend, protect, and promote religious liberty for all people everywhere. FIDES ET LIBERTAS The Journal of the International Religious Liberty Association 12501 Old Columbia Pike Silver Spring, Maryland 20904-6600, U.S.A. Fax 301.680.6695 www.IRLA.org John Graz, Publisher Phone 301.680.6680 E-mail [email protected] Richard Lee Fenn, Editor Phone 503.659.1020 E-mail 104474.2451 @CompuServe.com EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Robert W. Nixon, Chair John Graz, Richard Lee Fenn, Roy, Adams, Bert B. Beach, Rajmund Dabrowski, Jonathan Gallagher, Clarence E. Hodges Angel Rodriguez, Mitchell A. Tyner Statements of fact in this issue of FIDES ET LIBERTAS are those of the authors as they understand the facts. The views expressed by the authors are their own and do not necessar ily represent the International Religious Liberty Association. Copyright © 2000 International Religious Liberty Association. All rights reserved. Printed at the Review and Herald Publishing Association, Hagerstown, Maryland, U.S.A. Price US$5. FIDES ET LIBERTAS The Journal of the International Religious Liberty Association 2000 Contents John Graz: Looking Back, Looking Ahead......................................................................................10 John Witte, Jr.: A Primer on the Rights and Wrongs of Proselytism .................................................. 12 Jose Maria Haro Sabater: Constitutions and Proselytism ......................................................................................18 Sharon Linzey: Multiculturalism and M ission....................................................................................... 25 Natan Lemer: Proselytism and Its Limitations in Israel ................................................................... 32 Roland Minnerath: An Ethical / Catholic Perspective of Proselytism ......................................................42 Jose Camilo Cardoso: Latin American Perspectives on Religious Liberty: Pluralism and Proselytism ............................................................................................52 Gerhard Robbers: Proselytism in European Union Law ..........................................................................64 Agustin Motilla: Proselytism and Religious Freedom in Spanish L aw ............................................... 69 Vladimir Ryakhovsky: Religious Freedom in Russia: The Necessity for Stability...................................... 78 Mitchell A. Tyner: Legal Provisions for Proselytism in the United States ............................................. 82 Jonathan Bonk: Missionary Activities: Minimizing Adverse Reactions Without Sacrificing Rights to Manifestation .............................................................89 Special Section I International Religious Liberty Association: Guiding Principles for the Responsible Dissemination of Religion or Belief . .96 Urban Gibson: Disestablishment in Sweden: A Reflection on the Development of the Relationship Between Church and State......................................................................99 Manmohan Singh: The Rising Star of Religious Freedom: A Fundamental Right in the 21 st Century ...............................................................106 A. K. Merchant: Religious Liberty and the Third Millennium: A Baha’i View of the Turning Point for All N ations.............................................I l l Valson Thampu: A Christian Perspective of Religious Freedom .......................................................116 Swami Gokulananda: A Hindu Response to Violence and Intolerance.......................................................120 Ardeshri M. Sethna: The Sacred Fire: A Zoroastrian Response to Conflict and V iolence.................................................. 123 Special Section II General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists Department of Public Affairs and Religious Liberty: Religious Freedom World Report 2000 .................................................................... 128 Richard Lee Fenn: The First Word and the L ast........................................................................................ 164 Looking Back, Looking Ahead John Graz Secretary General International Religious Liberty Association Significant steps taken by the International