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Check-List Dei Macrofunghi

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Check-List Dei Macrofunghi INFORMATORE BOTANICO ITALIANO, 34 (1) 3-34, 2002 3 Micoflora della Campania: check-list dei macrofunghi ¦ U. VIOLANTE , E. ROCA, M. VIOLANTE, S. SORIENTE eF. PIZZOLONGO ABSTRACT - Mycological flora of Campania, Italy: check-list of macrofungi - The Authors report data deriving from a twen- ty years research on the mycological flora of Campania, Italy. A check-list of macrofungi growing in this region is report- ed. It consists of three parts: the first one includes an inventory of the species from the whole territory of Campania, the second one reports on the distribution of the investigated epigeal species, and the third one includes a list of the studied species of the genus Tuber. Key words: Campania, check-list, macrofungi, mycological flora Ricevuto il 10 Maggio 2000 Accettato il 4 Gennaio 2002 INTRODUZIONE La necessità di un censimento e di una mappatura L’evoluzione di questo progetto, fino al 1993, è dei macrofunghi in Italia è stata più volte evidenzia- riportata in un lavoro di PERINI et al. (1993) nel ta, non soltanto da associazioni micologiche italiane, quale vengono offerte, come esempio di distribuzio- ma anche da studiosi di altri paesi europei che, in ne nel territorio italiano, le mappe di 4 specie di fun- occasione dei vari congressi micologici internaziona- ghi di ampia diffusione (Macrolepiota procera, Boletus li, sollecitarono quanti lavorano nel campo della edulis, Amanita phalloides, Amanita caesarea) e viene micologia, ad una più attiva e concreta partecipazio- descritto l’ambiente italiano ed il metodo per la sche- ne a programmi comuni di ricerca. datura dei funghi. Questo appello non rimase inascoltato; infatti in L’opportunità di dare impulso alle ricerche nel Italia, a seguito della pubblicazione del lavoro di campo micologico fu recepita dalla Società Botanica LANGE (1974) sulla distribuzione dei funghi in Italiana che, nel 1991, affidò a valenti studiosi di Europa, nel quale i dati relativi all’area mediterranea micologia le relazioni ufficiali dell’86° Congresso erano del tutto carenti, fu progettato, per iniziativa tenutosi a Viterbo ed organizzò un simposio sui pro- del Prof. Govi, un esame della distribuzione dei blemi di ecologia e tassonomia fungina (BONFANTE, macrofunghi del nostro territorio con la relativa 1991; PACIONI, 1991; QUADRACCIA, 1991). mappatura. Va qui sottolineato che il “Gruppo di Lavoro per la La necessità di colmare la grossa lacuna esistente sulla Micologia” della SBI collabora attivamente con altri distribuzione dei funghi nel territorio europeo fu gruppi e Associazioni per il coordinamento, a livello ribadita, nel 1991, nel “Meeting del Comitato nazionale, delle varie iniziative prese a livello regio- Europeo per la Tutela dei Funghi” tenutosi a Vilm in nale o locale. Germania. I lavori di questo convegno stimolarono Nell’ultima riunione di questo Gruppo, tenutasi a l’interesse degli studiosi di micologia, i quali, nei vari Roma il 15 gennaio 2000, lo stato attuale del censi- congressi e convegni tenutisi successivamente in mento e della mappatura dei macrofunghi epigei in Italia, sottolinearono l’opportunità di portare avanti Italia è risultato dalle relazioni dei vari responsabili un progetto nazionale di rilevamento e mappatura regionali, ed è emerso chiaramente che, in ogni secondo una metodologia standardizzata, richiaman- regione, e nella Campania in particolare, le osserva- dosi a quanto aveva proposto il prof. Govi; program- zioni e i dati sono ancora carenti o in corso di elabo- marono, inoltre, la creazione di una Banca Dati cito- razione. logici ed ecologici e la realizzazione di un Erbario Pertanto abbiamo ritenuto opportuno rendere noto, Nazionale. con il presente lavoro, l’inventario dei macrofunghi 4 VIOLANTE et al. che vivono in gran parte del territorio campano, a BENCIVENGA et al. (1988), BERNICCHIA (1990), conclusione di circa un ventennio di osservazioni e BERTEAUX (1966), BLUM (1976), BON (1990), rilevamenti effettuati dal Dr. U. Violante e dal suo BREITENBACH,KRANZLIN (1991), BRESADOLA gruppo di lavoro. (1927-1933), CANDUSSO,LANZONI (1990), CETTO (1970-1993), CHEVALIER,DRUPE (1988), MATERIALI E METODI CHEVASSUT,RASCOL (1987), COOKE,QUÉLET La raccolta dei corpi fruttiferi è stata effettuata a par- (1878), COOKE (1890), CORNER (1983), DENNIS tire dal 1975 fino a tutto il 1999 in diverse zone di (1981), FRIES (1821, 1822, 1829, 1832, 1874), pianura, di collina e di montagna ricadenti in aree GOIDANICH,GOVI (1982), GUZMAN (1979), che gli AA. hanno ritenuto essere di maggiore inte- I.C.B.N. (1983), INTINI (1990), JULICH (1989), resse micologico. KUHNER,ROMAGNESI (1978), KUYPER (1986), LAZZARI (1973), MAAS GEESTERANUS (1971), Le aree sono indicate nella Fig. 1 e sono contrasse- MONTECCHI et al. (1993), MOSER (1980), MOSER et gnate con le seguenti sigle: al. (1990), NOORDELOS (1987), NORDESTEIN IDI - Isola di Ischia; (1990), PACIONI (1985), PERSOON (1801), PILAT IPV - Isola di Procida e isolotto di Vivara; (1958), ROGER (1990), RYVARDEN et al. (1993, IDC - Isola di Capri; 1994), ROMAGNESI (1967), SACCARDO (1915), RMD - Roccamonfina e dintorni; SINGER (1986), STANGL (1991), VITTADINI (1831, MMD - Monti del Matese e dintorni; rist.1991), WATLING (1982, 1987), ZAMBONELLI CVD - Castelvolturno e dintorni; (1992). TCD - Taburno-Camposauro e dintorni; Gli esemplari più rappresentativi sono stati fissati e CFAD - Campi Flegrei, Parco degli Astroni e dintorni; conservati in formalina oppure come exsiccata e NOBD - Napoli, Orto Botanico e dintorni; fanno parte della micoteca allestita dal Dr. U. SVD - Somma-Vesuvio e dintorni; Violante nel Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale MPD - Monti del Partenio e dintorni; dell’Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”. MLD - Monti Lattari e dintorni; GMPD - Gruppi dei Monti Picentini e dintorni; RISULTATI E CONCLUSIONI MAD - Massiccio degli Alburni e dintorni; MCD - Massiccio del Cervati e dintorni; I risultati delle nostre ricerche sono riportati in tre CSB - Cilento, Monte Stella, Monte Bulgheria e dintorni. tabelle. Le osservazioni sono state fatte sempre su materiale La Tab. 1 riporta, in ordine alfabetico l’elenco gene- fresco; per la determinazione delle specie sono state rale delle specie di macrofunghi censite; per alcune di consultate le seguenti opere: AINSWORTH & BISBY’S esse, a fianco al nome scientifico aggiornato secondo (1995), ALEXOPOULOS,BENEKE (1965), ALEXOPOU- la nomenclatura corrente, è riportato il relativo sino- LOS et al. (1996), BALLETTO (1972), BESSEY (1950), nimo. Le specie complessivamente sono 658, di cui 618 sono ascritte ai Basidiomiceti e 40 agli Ascomiceti e distribuite in 54 famiglie, con 169 generi. Nell’elenco sistematico oltre all’aggiornamento secondo la nomenclatura corrente sono riportati anche i relativi sinonimi. Nella Tab. 2, per ogni specie elencata in ordine alfa- betico, è indicata la distribuzione territoriale median- te le sigle specificate in “Materiali e Metodi”. Le sigle sono 16 e rappresentano le aree di maggiore interes- se micologico in un territorio di studio di notevole estensione. Molte delle specie elencate sono inserite in lavori già pubblicati; pertanto, a fianco di ogni specie, in corrispondenza della sigla che indica l’area di ricerca, sono riportati uno o più numeri che indi- cano i riferimenti bibliografici, come specificato nella legenda annessa alla tabella, oppure un asterisco se la specie non è stata inserita nei lavori già pubbli- cati. Infine la Tab. 3 consiste nel censimento delle specie del genere Tuber. Allo stato attuale le specie sono sei e precisamente: Tuber mesentericum, Tuber aestivum, Tuber borchii, Tuber brumale, Tuber excavatum e Tuber rufum. Per ognuna di esse viene indicato il Fig. 1 luogo di raccolta, la specie simbionte e l’habitat. Aree di ricerca dei macrofunghi in Campania. Le aree tartufigene da noi studiate sono individuate Macrofungi research areas in Campania. nella Fig. 2 Check-list dei macrofunghi in Campania 5 Nella Fig. 4 è riportata invece la distribuzione per- centuale delle specie di ascomiceti raggruppate per ordini, in cui si evidenzia che le Pezizales, con il 66%, sono le più rappresentative. Sulla base dei dati finora disponibili, la presenza macrofungina in Campania, mostra la seguente dis- tribuzione delle frequenze di ritrovamento: a) le specie riscontrate in più del 90% del territorio esaminato sono Armillaria mellea, Boletus luridus e Lycoperdon pyriforme; b) leggermente inferiore è la percentuale di Cantha- rellus cibarius, Lycoperdon perlatum, Macrolepiota procera, Amanita pantherina, Amanita vaginata, Boletus edulis, Inocybe rimosa, Lepiota cristata, Xerocomus chrysenteron; c) con il range di ritrovamento territoriale del 70- 80% seguono Agaricus campester, Boletus aereus, Clitopilus prunulus, Psilocybe fascicularis, Lactarius vellereus, Lepista nuda, Mycena pura; d) tutte le altre specie sono presenti con minor fre- quenza e percentuale. Fig. 2 Distribuzione geografica delle aree produttive di Tuber sp. in Campania. Geographical distribution of areas producing Tuber sp. in Campania. La Fig. 3 riporta la seguente distribuzione percentuale delle specie dei basidiomiceti censiti, per ordine di appartenenza: Tricholomatales (26%), Russulales (15%), Cortinariales (15%), Boletales (9%), Agaricales (7%), Polyporales (6%), Amanitales (4%), Clavariales (3%), Lycoperdales (3%), Entolomatales (2%) e altri ordini con percentuali di ritrovamento inferiori ( Cantharel- Fig. 4 lales, Hericiales, Sclerodermatales, Hymenochaetales, Distribuzione percentuale delle specie di ascomiceti per Thelephorales, Corticiales, Niduraliales,
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