Abstracts of Journals Received in the Library April-June 2011 Journals Abstracted

Cahiers Mycologiques Nantais – No 23, June 2011 Mykologicke Listy – No 116, 2011 Mushroom, - Issue 106, Vol 28, No 2-3, Spring-Summer 2010 Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde - Vol. 89, No. 1, 15th. February 2011 Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde vol. 89, no. 3, 15 June 2011 Annales Botanici Fennici – Vol 48, No 3, June 2011

Mycological Research Information about recent issues (including free access to contents lists and abstracts of published papers) can be found on the Elsevier website at www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres

Cahiers Mycologiques Nantais – No 23, June 2011 Abstractor – Anne Andrews

Ribollet P (pp. 3-6) [French] Descriiption of Pezoloma marchantiae an inoperculate ascomycete growing on the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha although its exact relationship with it is not fully understood. It occurs on all parts of the liverwort. The hairs on the edge of the f/b may fall off with age. There is a strong reaction to |Cresyl Blue. The species is probably not rare if sought in the right place and occurs in several European countries and in North America. Illustrated with colour photos and b/w drawings (6 refs.)

Larue P (pp. 7-9) [French] Description of Psathyrella melanthina found on woody debris of Poplar. This species looks more like a Tricholoma at first sight and has beige gills tinged with pink making it difficult to recognise as a Psathyrella. Illustrated with colour photos of f/bs, spores and habitat and b/w drawings. (4 refs.)

Chereau R & Larue P (pp. 10-21) [French] Descriptions of five corticioid fungi collected in good condition in winter:- Serpula lacrimans; S. himantioides; Leucogyrophana pseudomollusca; Coniophora puteana; Phlebiopsis gigantea, all of which can cause damage to wood. It was surprising to find S. lacrymans fruiting out of doors in freezing conditions but it probably started under cover and spread outwards and was in a stack of wood protected by a plastic sheet. The differences between this species and S, himantioides are discussed. Peniophora gigantea is used in forestry to combat Heterobasidion annosum which causes damage to timber. Illustrated with colour photos. (6 refs.)

Duval A (p. 22) [French] Brief note on Mycetophylidesi, fungus flies, the larvae of which attack fungal fruit bodies. There are about 500 species. Illustrated with b/w drawings. (3 refs.)

Ouvrard G (pp. 30-31) [French] Description of Ptychogaster pulverulentus, an anamorphe found regularly on conifers in his area and of Postia ptychogaster, its perfect form found for the first time in that area in 2010. Illustrated with colour photos. (3 refs.0

Chevtzoff B (pp. 32-35) [French] Description of Russula pascua a species normally found in alpine meadows but here found under willow on a sandy green open space in S. Finistere, France. Illustrated with colour photos. (8 refs.)

Charrier J M et al. (pp. 43-48) [French] Brief descriptions of interesting finds in the area in the past year, some illustrated with colour photos:- Hemitricha pardina; Peziza boltonii; Antrodia xantha; Melanogater ambiguus; Crinipellis tomentosa; Entoloma icterinum; E. sericellum; Gymnopilus liquiritiae var satur?; Pluteus leoninus.

Mykologicke Listy – No 116, 2011 Abstractor – Anne Andrews

Vampola P (pp. 1-23) [Czech] Notes on the European species of Antrodiella. Various misidentifications, synonomies, new understandings, and comparisons of different authors interpretations of some species are included. Photograph of A. faginea on the front cover and A.parasitica on the back cover. (59 refs.)

Hagara L, (pp. 24-25) [Czech] Report of the first finds of Sisotrema subtrigonospermum in Slovakia and the Czech Republic, followed by information about its world distribution, illustrated with a colour photo on the back cover. (2 refs.)

Gaperova S & Gaper J, (pp. 25-32) [Czech] List of records of occurrence of Fomes fomentarius in urban environments inn Slovakia. A study in 1999-2002 showed that this fungus which causes white rot in living and dead trees is one of the most serious causes of wood decay throughout Europe. (14 refs.)

Kovarickova A (pp.33-42) [Czech] Summary of literary data on the specific colonisation of secondary thickened stems and roots by non-systemic endophytic fungi, a modified text of the author’s bachelor thesis. The terms peridermal and subperidermal are explained. (42 refs.)

Klan J & Antonin V (pp. 44-50) [Czech] List of publications of Dr Rostisnav Fellner in recognition of his 60th birthday.

Mushroom, - Issue 106, Vol 28, No 2-3, Spring-Summer 2010 Abstractor – A. Andrews

Stijve T (pp.10-13) [English] The author tells of his long standing interest in Clathrus ruber, which is mostly found in Mediterranean regions and is less common in northern Europe. A description of the development of the fruit body follows. It has a bad smell and in some cultures is believed to be dangerous. There are wax models of the stages of development in the Barla Museum in Nice. This and related species are extending their range in Europe possibly because of global warming.

Goldhor S (pp. 18 & 24-29) [English) Part 1 of “Life and Death of Soil” covering age, formation from rock particles, mixed with biological partners, bacteria and algae, which stabilise them, early evolution of lichens. Lichens became an important element of soil crusts, protecting them from wind and water erosion, extruding acids which break down under-lying rock, being an important source of nitrogen, and contributing organic material by decay. The fungal partner protects its partners from adverse conditions and thus the organism can survive. Soils also contain algae, mosses, cyanobacteria and microfungi which all contribute to breaking down minerals and dead organic matter forming soil. Soil becomes a complex ecosystem supporting many organisms which in turn contribute to its quality. Large amounts of carbon are sequestered by Glomalin which is formed by Glomales fungi. There are many insects in soil . Plants, fungi, invertebrates and bacteria all interact and are mutually dependent and the populations are constantly changing. (4 refs.)

Benjamin D R (pp. 40-41) [English] Discussion of the limited information available about Shiitake dermatitis and allergic reactions to other fungi and natural remedies.

Sommer B (pp. 42-42) [English] Description of Polyporus squamosus including its occurrence on the west coast of USA, depiction in paintings and edibility.

Shernhof L (pp. 48-49 & 63-72) [English] Survey and aids to identification of small brown or dull yellow American Boletes, described by the author as part of “mushroom identification purgatory”. The most useful field character is the nature of the stipe, then microscopy and chemical reactions must be used. Illustrated with b/w drawings and photos and colour photos. (refs. in text on p. 70)

Dawson J (pp. 51-54) [English] Tribute to C T Ingold who died recently aged almost 105, an account of his life and work. Illustrated with b/w and colour photos.

Winkler D (pp. 55-59) [English] Account of mushroom hunting in Tibet where local matsutake collectors believe that fungi in the Boletus edulis group are poisonous although quantities are exported from Yunnan to be sold as Italian porcini, and they are served in restaurants and sold in markets elsewhere in Tibet. Illustrated with colour photos.(4 refs.) Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde - Vol. 89, No. 1, 15th. February 2011

(In German, some articles also in French & Italian) Abstractor – Ray Tantram Dougoud R (p. 6-7, 2-5) [also in French p. 2-5] Fungus of the month (1) is Fuscolachnum misellum a small discomycete on Blackberry leaves, found during a Discomycete course near Freiburg in May 2010. The fungus is described in Latin (according to Haines) ahead of present descriptions of macro- and micro features. A key created by Haines (1989) is presented for the eight species in this genus. F. misellum differs from the very similar F. dumorum which occurs on the same substrate, as it has cylindrical paraphyses (the latter has fusiform ones). There are very few records for this species growing on the underside of blackberry leaves. A few records exist for it on Acer saccharum and A. rubrum. Colour plates show it in situ, and also greatly magnified. Line drawings show micro features. (7 refs.).

Wilhelm M; Duc J; Martinelli G. (p. 8-9, 10-11) [also in French p. 10-1, 8] Fungus of the month (2) is Punctularia strigosa-zonata, a resupinate bracket, which when mature, is a distinctive chocolate-brown colour. It forms patches of over 20cm width, is about 0.8mm thick, waxy, and cannot be separated from the substrate. Here it was covering a dead trunk of Picea abies, although in the literature it is described as occurring on deciduous trees, mainly on Alnus and Populus. The taxon is described, and some distinguishing features highlighted. This beautiful and interesting species is widespread throughout the world. This collection is the first on the Swiss Atlas of Higher Fungi. It is so distinctive that it is surprising that it is not recorded more often. Two colour plates show it in situ, and two photomicrographs its spores and basidioles. (5 refs.)

Keller J. (p. 12-13) ONLY IN FRENCH] Part 3 of the series on fungi as a food from prehistory to the present, concentrates on the seventeenth century. Many cookery books originating from haut-cuisine were published and twelve leading titles are highlighted. Mushrooms feature in soups, sauces and accompaniments to meat dishes. Three recipes are given, including one from Asia. Two colour plates are included.

Hediger S. (p. 14) A historical review of fungal knowledge shows that fungi were thought to form from a surplus of surface water and rumbles of thunder were the only agents to make them grow! The 18th century brought about some attempts to replace medieval thinking with scientific approaches. An important reference volume was the ‘Universal-Lexicon of all Knowledge and Arts’ by Johann Heinrich Zedler. It consisted of 64 volumes and its 63,000 pages covered 284,000 entries. A facsimile copy is now on the Internet (www.zedler-lexicon.de). Anonymous authors contributed to this publication between 1731- 1754. A fungus was defined in vol. 3, as ‘a type of growth without leaves and without obvious seeds’. Fungi were already well known for their culinary roles. Much thought was given to clarifying their reproductive methods with thunder favoured as an initiator. It was not until the middle of the 20th. Century that fungi took their place as a third kingdom, equal in status to plants and animals. A scan shows the beginning of the entry on ‘Fungi’ in the book.

Schenk-Jäger K. (p. 15-16) [also in French, p. 17-18] Periscope (31) reviews the functions of the Swiss Toxological Information Centre (STIZ). This answers questions from the whole of Switzerland on suspected or confirmed poisonings, and offers further information. It receives financial support from insurance companies, professional bodies, Federal Health Authorities and others. The emergency telephone number 145 provides 24hr cover, with calls directed to medical specialists. 30,000-34,000 calls are received annually. 40% of questions are about medicines. Problems concerning fungi comprise merely 1.5-2.5%, but most of these cases require identification of fungi that have not been officially inspected. Children are involved in 52% of the questions submitted. More information from www.toxi.ch

A recent question concerned eating dried Boletus edulis ‘chips’ which tasted excellent but resulted in vomiting and diarrhoea some hours later. Eating fungi raw leads regularly to digestive upsets. Few species are suitable for eating raw, and even cultivated Agaricus bisporus causes gastric disturbances in rare cases. All edible fungi should be cooked thoroughly and cooking times and blanching procedures are suggested.. Fungi such as Amanita rubescens,and Boletus badius for example should be cooked for 20 minutes (!) (3 refs.)

Wilhelm.M; Senn-Irlet B. (p. 19) Further information and pictures are presented for Psilocybe subfusispora, which augment the article in SZP 88, no. 6, 2010, p. 225-228. The colour close-up presented here shows the fruitbody from below which demonstrates its special features, especially the velar remnants at the cap margin, dark-brown spore powder, floccose stipe and ciliate gill-edges. Photomicrographs show spores and cheilocystidia, and line drawings the HDS pileal structure, basidia, spores, cheilocystidia, and caulocystidia at the stipe apex.

Clémençon H. (p. 20)The Czech mycologist Z. Cernhorsky, named Russula adelae as a new species in 1951: a yellow Russula with a white felty cap covering. A later 1976 collection was examined thoroughly by Rolf Singer, eliciting only remarks such as ‘how strange, how interesting’ during a two-day study. Today it is known that the white ‘felt’ on the cap which extends over the margin to form a type of ring on the stipe, and makes Russula ochroleuca resemble an Amanita species, is caused by a fungal parasite. Its taxonomy is as yet unknown and its appearance infrequent on this and other Russulas. A colour plate shows an infected fruitbody. (3 refs.)

The index for SZP 2010 is presented on the centre pages.

Flammer R. (p. 25, 26-28) [also in French p, 26-28] Stumbling blocks and pitfalls (3) concerns morels and allied ascomycetes. Keen mycophagists treasure their secret spots and are convinced about edibility. Severe poisonings only occur from misidentifications with Gyromitra esculenta which initiates symptoms 6-24 hours after ingestion. Gyromitrin toxin volatilises at room temperature, so in enclosed spaces (cars) can cause dizziness. True morels and close allies contain an unknown volatile and water-soluble substance which is destroyed by cooking for at least 10 minutes. The unwary can suffer unexpected weakness symptoms often up to 12 hours after ingestion, but these do not require medical intervention. Drying the morels at 50˚C avoids these problems. Fresh preparations need adequate cooking, and as they are somewhat indigestible, only small portions of 150g or less should be eaten. A table lists the six species described and rates edibility and conservation criteria. Colour plates show five of these.

Senn-Irlet B. (p. 29-30) Collections of Boletopsis grisea were found at two locations in autumn 2010. This species is rarely described in reference guides. It and its close look-alike were described by Niemala and Saarenoska (1998). A table, found originally only in French on the Internet, which compares it to Boletopsis leucomalaena is presented here. B. grisea appears to have a mainly southerly distribution, but occurs in certain spots elsewhere under dry and warm conditions. This species is classified as ‘threatened’ on the Swiss Red Data List of macrofungi. Its very restricted habitat puts its survival at risk. A colour plate shows it in situ.

Riva A. (p. 31-33) ONLY IN ITALIAN – so very approximate Abstract only. Luigi Corti, a resident of Maggliaso, and his faithful dog bring collections to the author. In 2009-10 these included the small species Genea verrrucosa. Montecci and Sarasini (2000) cite this as the only European member of this genus, however Corda & Zobel (1854) also quotes G. lespiaulti, which appears in the swissfungi database for 2007. Microscopic examination of the 2010 collection showed it to be the slightly larger G. lespiaulti, in which the warts on the spores and the paraphyses differ from Genea verrrucosa. Colour plates show the approx. 1cm G. lespiaulti and the dedicated truffle hunters. Line drawings of micro features show the differences between the two closely allied species. (2 refs.)

Note: p. 24 and the back cover shows watercolour pictures of Camarophyllus pratensis, Pluteus cervinus and Rhodocybe gemina by Louis François Ruffieux (1848-1909)

Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde vol. 89, no. 3, 15 June 2011

(in German, some articles in French & Italian) Abstractor – Ray Tantram Boujon C; Ruiz-Badanelli V. (p. 94-96, 90-91,93) [also in French p. 90-93, 94-95] Fungus of the month (5) is Clitocybe amoenolens a toxic species, first found in Savoy, and now in Wallis. This taxon could be mistaken for the edibles Lepista gilva and L. inversa , so it was important to bring it to the attention of inspectors checking the public’s collections, when first found in 2001. Recent collections by the authors in 2008 are described. These differ from previous collections in that its habitat here was in sub-alpine Spruce forest. However the macro- and micro features of all three Swiss collections are so similar as to be the same species, and were determined definitively with the help of Malençon & Bertault 1975, and also conform to the Savoy specimens of Charignon & Garcin 1998. This species, which smells similar to Inocybe bongardii causes an acromalalgia syndrome, and should be regarded as poisonous. A colour plate and a watercolour painting show the fungus, and photomicrographs the cuticle, spores and gill edges. (12 refs.)

Tischhauser N; Ardüser H; Senn-Irlet B. ( 97-98. 99-100) [also in French 999-100, 97- 98] Fungus of the month (6) concerns the first Swiss collection of Battarraea phalloides in September 2010. It was found very close by a small alpine cooking hut on a southern- facing slope. Macro- and micro features are described for this very rare species. It occurs worldwide, in Europe over 100 have been found from the Mediterranean to the temperate zone from England to Russia, and it is relatively frequent in Spain. It is saprotrophic on leaf litter and subterranean organic material, and also grows on wood. Two colour plates show fruitbodies, one the hut site, and a photomicrograph its spores.

Schenk- Jäger K. (p. 101-102, 103-105) [also in French p. 102-105] Periscope 33 reviews the 2010 fungus season from the viewpoint of the Swiss Toxicology Centre (STIZ), which received a record number of enquires. A five-year ‘ProPi’ study was started in mid-2010 to exchange information with several other German-speaking Centres, which is helping to define toxicity in some doubtful species. Amanita phalloides poisoning cases have risen since 2005, but luckily only two cases were confirmed in 2010. A table lists the 41 species involved in enquiries. A histogram shows the pattern of cases involving amatoxins from 1997-2010; a further histogram, the severity of symptoms in these cases. A colour plate of Amanita muscaria is included.

Wegman L (p. 106-107) An unusual fungus. Parthenope pilati was found on a completely decayed wet (unidentifiable) log in in the Zurich Oberland in August 2010. This fragile grey-blue ascomycete, identified with some difficulty and expert help, is described. The word Parthenope has many applications, including to a dragonfly named Anax parthenope. Colour plates show the fungus (and one the dragonfly), and a photomicrograph asci with spores.

Wilhelm M. (p. 108-109) Two heterobasidiomycetes are presented here. Phleogena faginea is quite unmistakable, its tiny heads are about 1cm. high and up to 5mm. wide with obvious stipe both being covered in fleecy fibres, and smelling of ‘Maggi’ stock cubes. It grows in swarms out of the lower parts of standing trunks of both deciduous and (more rarely) coniferous trees. It is described, and a colour plate and 2 lit. refs. given. Septobasidium quercinum is a resupinate bracket on oak bark, growing in patches of 5- 15mm width. Colour varies according to dampness, from ochre to brown. The surface varies from smooth to rough, and is fringed at its margins. The fungus, found in November 2010 in France, is described. Characteristic micro features allow reliable identification, although the keys in Jülich (1984) make access to this genus difficult. This may be a southern species, but is perhaps merely under-recorded because its appearance it is not striking. The literature associates it with scale insects, which it poisons but does not kill, and which may help spread its spores. The nature of the relationship has not been explained, and no scale insects were found in the author’s collections. A colour plate shows the fungus in situ, and two photomicrographs spores and basidia. 2 lit. refs. are included.

Flammer R. (p 110-111, 112-113) [also in French p. 112-113, 110-111) Stumbling blocks and pitfalls (5) chart the hazards of the colour yellow in fungi. The Chanterelle, Cantherellus cibarius, is considered unmistakable, but needs to be checked for shape, its underneath examined, related to biotope and smelled. Omphalatus olearius, a southern species has caught out many holiday makers, causing dizziness, headaches, nausea and diarrhoea. It grows with Olive, Chestnut and Oak. The false Chanterelle, Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca grows mainly with conifers. Both these latter species clearly show true gills. Regular consumption of Tricholoma equestre can lead to skeletal- and heart muscle destruction, and death. Tricholoma sulphureum, with its strong smell of sulphur, is unlikely to reach the frying pan. Some brilliant yellow Cortinarius species are also to be avoided. Beginners should have their fungal finds inspected officially, as fungal forms can vary greatly. Wild fungi should only be consumed in small quantities, as many are contaminated by heavy metals and radioactivity. Products from the Far East should be approached with caution following the Fukushima nuclear disaster. Colour plates show Cantherellus cibarius, Omphalatus olearius, Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca, Tricholoma sulphureum and Cortinarius splendens.

Meier P. (p. 114 -115) An anti-flooding project proposed in 2000, threatened to destroy a woodland which supported the rare Lyophyllum favrei. Melgg Laagers, a keen mycologist, who had found and recorded this species, made every effort to save the site, and devised several workable proposals to at least relocate some mycelium. He was thwarted at every turn by local bureaucracy, contractors, and by measures taken ineffectively and too late. A court case failed to resolve an issue which at several stages could still have had a favourable outcome. A colour plate shows Lyophyllum favrei, and also its destroyed habitat.

Annales Botanici Fennici – Vol 48, No 3, June 2011 Abstractor – Anne Andrews

Dai YC, Cui B K, Yuan H S, He S H, Wei Y L, Qin W M, Zhou L W, Li H J. (pp.219- 231) [English] Part 4 of series on wood inhabiting fungi in S China. Surveys in Hainan Province identified 235 specie of polypore, 99 found in the province for the first time. A checklist is included. Gramothelopsis asiatica, Inonotus latemarginata, Perenniporia hattorii and Wrightoporia austrosinensis are described and illustrated as new. Illustrated with b/w drawings. (37 refs.)

SellI, Kotiranta H & Kaart T (pp.232-236) [English] Report of study of habitat requirements of Peniophora junipericola which grows on Juniperus communis showed that the fungus can grow on thin or thick Juniper branches whether hard and newly dead or more or less decayed. Nearness to the sea and precipitation were also studied. Illustrated with b/w photo, map of distribution and graphs. (21 refs.)

Wang B, Cui B K, Li H J, Du P & Jia B S (pp. 237-246) [English] Part 5 of a series on wood rotting fungi in eastern China. 149 species of poroid fungi were identified. A checklist is provided. Phellinus teniculus B K Cui sp.nov. is described and illustrated with b/w drawings. A map showing the area studied is included. Information about which species are common in which areas and habitats is provided. (35 refs.)