DOCSLIB.ORG

Military Despatches Vol 43, Jan 2021

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Military Despatches Vol 43 January 2021 Not a military genius Ten of Hitler’s biggest mistakes Feared and respected Three World War II British legends You are what you eat Military ration packs from around the world Operation Babylon Iraq’s nuclear reactor - now you see it, now you don’t For the military enthusiast CONTENTS January 2021 Page 12 Click on any video below to view How much do you know about movie theme songs? Take our quiz and find out. Hipe’s Wouter de The old South African Goede interviews former Defence Force used 28’s gang boss David a mixture of English, Williams. Afrikaans, slang and techno-speak that few Special Forces - Irish Special Forces outside the military could hope to under- 32 stand. Some of the terms Features were humorous, some You want how much? were clever, while others 6 When pirates kidnapped Julius were downright crude. Ten of Hitler’s biggest mis- Caesar he laughed at their ran- som demands and told them to takes ask for a lot more. We look at 10 reasons why Hit- Part of Hipe’s “On the ler was not a military genius. 34 couch” series, this is an 18 Survival interview with one of We take a look a making fire. Sign of the times author Herman Charles 37 Helmet graffiti during the Viet- Bosman’s most famous nam War. Ranks characters, Oom Schalk 20 Ranks of the Irish Defence Forc- Lourens. es. A taxi driver was shot Hipe spent time in The perils of being a German Hanover Park, an area 28 dead in an ongoing General Quiz war between rival taxi plagued with gang Being one of Hitler’s general Surviving the Arctic convoys organisations. violence, to view first- was hazardous. 84 of them were The second part of this incred- 31 hand how Project executed during World War II. ible story. Modern assault rifles Ceasefire is dealing with We show you 15 modern assault 24 30 the situation. Feared and Respected rifles. You name them, tell us Members of the British military RIP Ian Yule who produced them, and what Hipe TV brings you videos ranging from actuality to humour and every- country they are from. thing in between. Interviews, mini-documentaries and much more. that were both feared and re- Soldier, veteran and actor, Ian spected by their enemies during Yule did it all. Check out Hipe TV and remember to like, comment, share and subscribe. World War II. 00 3 CONTENTS Page 70 Editor’s PUBLISHER Sitrep Hipe Media EDITOR Matt Tennyson PHOTO EDITOR irst of all, may I take this al ribbons that he wears Regine Lord opportunity to wish all of And in the winter city, the our readers a peaceful, pros- rain cries a little pity CONTRIBUTORS F Raymond Fletcher, Regine January in military history perous, and safe New Year. May For one more forgotten hero, 2021 be a damn side better than and a World that doesn’t care.” Lord, Ryan Murphy, Matt 2020. Personally I think that it’s O’Brien, Matt Tennyson. Head-to-Head Forged in Battle Book Review Like many of you, I lost far too a crime that so many military Military Despatches is pub- 69 many friends and fellow military veterans are not treated with the 42 56 veterans this past year. Many of lished on-line every month. The Fighting Doc dignity and respect that they de- Military ration packs WW II Code Talkers them to Covid-19. And with a The articles used in Military The story of John Alan Coey, an serve. I know of many of them, second wave arriving and a new Despatches are copyrighted It has been said that you are Using a language that few could American in the Rhodesian War. some of them among the few strain of the virus, it doesn’t look and may not be used without what you eat. With this in mind, speak, Native Americans devel- remaining veterans of World as if we’re going to be in the clear prior permission from the edi- we look at military rations oped their own code. War II, that cannot afford medi- for a while yet. tor. packs around the world. cal treatment or cannot afford Battlefield Front Cover So, with this in mind, please re- The views stated in this maga- to eat a decent meal once a day. member to wear a mask, sanitise zine do not necessary reflect the Famous Figures 62 Brendan O’Carroll, who stars and maintain social distancing. We need to do more than just views of Military Despatches, as Agnes Brown in the hit TV 2020 was a challenging year for pay them lip service. Many of Operation Babylon the editor, the staff, or Hipe 50 comedy “Mrs Brown’s Boys”, many of us, especially on the fi- them did not choose to become Iraqi President Saddam Husse- Media. Adrian Carton de Wiart is making a TV pilot about Irish nancial front. I know of many vet- soldiers. Yet when the call went in was determined to become a He fought in no fewer than six peacekeepers in Lebanon dur- erans that are in serious financial out to serve their country, they wars and was probably one of nuclear power. Israel, however, situations because they have lost Hipe! ing the 1980s. answered that call. the British army’s most deco- had other ideas. the jobs they had or have not been P.O. Box 31216, Tokai, 7966 In closing off my editorial I South Africa. rated and wounded soldiers. Yet paid. would like to thank all the read- I am often reminded of a verse nothing could keep this man out Gaming ers that give me feedback on the from the song “Streets Of Lon- email of the fight. 66 don”. It is a haunting song that magazine. I really appreciate it. [email protected] was originally written and record- And a special thanks to two U-Boat ed by Ralph McTell in 1969. It special stars - Robbie Roberts Back Issues Can you manage a U-Boat and was not released as a single until and Regine Lord. Thank you To view any back issues of survive? 1974 and since then has been cov- for all that you do, and just for Military Despatches, go to Movie Review ered by over 200 artists. being who you are. www.militarydespatches.co.za The verse that always gets me or click here. goes: Until next time. 68 “Have you seen the old man Downfall outside the seaman’s mission The last days of Adolf Hitler Memory fading with the med- Matt and the Third Reich. 4 5 Top Ten Top Ten match for superior numbers and by forcing his troops to hold a 10 of Hitler’s biggest mistakes firepower. helpless line against the Rus- Hitler was often living in a sians on the Order River rather While many still regard Adolf Hitler as a military genius, the facts show that while he may have fantasy world where he tru- than pulling them back and us- been a charismatic leader and great orator, when it came to military matters he was a bumbling ly believed that his will alone ing them to tighten the defences amateur. could overcome any odds and of Berlin itself. that German troops would nev- When the Russians reached orn in Austria on 20 of Germany thought that he Mkb 42, the world’s first as- er allow themselves to be de- the city mere days later there April 1889, Adolf Hit- was a good thing for Germany. sault rifle. feated. were only about 80,000 Ger- ler moved to Germany Time Magazine even voted him Early tests in the field showed He was still sprouting this mans left to defend it, half of B propaganda while Russian forc- which were civilians. in 1913 and fought as a mem- as ‘Time Person of the Year’ in that it was a devastating weap- ber of the German Army during 1938. on with vast potential. es were smashing Germany. This wasn’t good news for World War I. Yet on 1 September 1939 he Then, during a political fight He first issued his ‘no retreat’ Hitler as there were 1.6 mil- During the war he rose to the would order an invasion of Po- in Berlin, Hitler lost his temper order at Stalingrad when he de- lion Russians troops outside rank of Gefreiter (Corporal) land that would go on to start (something which happened of- nied General Friedrich Paulus the city. And they were not in a and was decorated twice for World War II. ten) and cancelled production permission to fight his way out good mood. bravery, winning the Iron Cross While a lot of people treat Ad- of the weapon. of a Soviet encirclement while 2nd class and 1st class. olf Hitler as if he was a military Army commanders were so Russian lines were still rela- 7. The German army was In 1919, he joined the Ger- genius who was only done in by impressed with the weapon Adolf Hitler tively weak. unprepared for winter war man Workers’ Party (DAP), his own visions of unattainable that they renamed it the MP 43 There was, however, one small The result was the loss of the in Russia the precursor of the Nazi Party, excess, this is not the case. (Maschinenpistole 43) and con- problem. The plane had been entire German 6th Army, as During winter, Russia is not and was appointed leader of the He made many mistakes and tinued to produce it behind Hit- designed and designated as an well as any hopes of a German the best place to fight a war.
Recommended publications
  • Die Fritsch-Krise Im Frühjahr 1938. Neun Dokumente Aus Dem Nachlaß Des Generalobersten

    Die Fritsch-Krise Im Frühjahr 1938. Neun Dokumente Aus Dem Nachlaß Des Generalobersten

    Dokumentation Horst Mühleisen Die Fritsch-Krise im Frühjahr 1938. Neun Dokumente aus dem Nachlaß des Generalobersten I. Die Bedeutung der Dokumente Es gibt Skandale, die lange fortwirken und auch die Forschung immer noch be- schäftigen. Zu diesen gehört jener, der mit dem Namen des Generalfeldmarschalls Werner von Blomberg, des Reichskriegsministers und Oberbefehlshabers der Wehr- macht, sowie des Generalobersten Werner Freiherrn von Fritsch, des Oberbefehls- habers des Heeres, verbunden ist. Der Anlaß für Blombergs Entlassung am 4. Februar 1938 war seine Heirat mit einer Frau, deren Vorleben als kompromittiert galt. Fritsch aber war der Homose- xualität, des Vergehens nach § 175 Strafgesetzbuch, beschuldigt worden. Auch er erhielt am selben Tage, dem 4. Februar, seinen Abschied. Um die gegen Fritsch er- hobenen Vorwürfe aufzuklären, ermittelte sowohl die Geheime Staatspolizei als auch das Reichskriegsgericht. Dies waren die Tatsachen, die im Frühjahr 1938 indessen nur wenigen Perso- nen verlaßlich bekannt waren. Der Öffentlichkeit war mitgeteilt worden, die Ver- abschiedung von Blomberg und Fritsch sei aus gesundheitlichen Gründen erfolgt. Wenige Jahre nach Kriegsende, 1949, veröffentlichte Johann Adolf Graf Kiel- mansegg, Fritschs Neffe, eine Darstellung über den Prozeß des Reichskriegsge- richts gegen den Generalobersten1. Die persönlichen Zeugnisse, die der ehemali- ge Oberbefehlshaber des Heeres hinterlassen hat, waren indessen spärlich, da Fritsch keine umfangreiche Korrespondenz führte. Ferner standen Kielmansegg die Prozeßakten nicht zur Verfügung, da sie verbrannt waren. Fotokopien der Ak- ten und Verhandlungsstenogramme, die in nicht sehr zahlreicher Ausfertigung vorlagen, ebenso wie die Handakten des Verteidigers, des Grafen Rüdiger von der Goltz, wurden durch Bombenangriffe vernichtet2. Ob die Protokolle, die Reichs- kriegsgerichtsrat Dr. Karl Sack während des Prozesses führte, tatsächlich nach Kriegsende in die Hände der amerikanischen Besatzungsmacht gefallen sind3, ist ungewiß; bis heute sind sie nicht wieder aufgetaucht.
  • Palestine and Trans-Jordan History and Personnel

    Palestine and Trans-Jordan History and Personnel

    2018 www.BritishMilitaryHistory.co.uk Author: Robert PALMER A CONCISE HISTORY OF: PALESTINE & TRANS-JORDAN (HISTORY AND PERSONNEL) A concise history of British Troops in Palestine & Trans-Jordan between 1930 and 1948, and the personnel who are known to have held key appointments in that command during that period. Copyright ©www.BritishMilitaryHistory.co.uk (2018) 20 April 2018 [PALESTINE & TRANS-JORDAN HISTORY & PERSONNEL] A Concise History of Palestine & Trans-Jordan (History & Personnel) Version: V3_1 This edition dated: 20 April 2018 ISBN: Not yet allocated. All rights reserved. No part of the publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means including; electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, scanning without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Author: Robert PALMER, M.A. (copyright held by author) Published privately by: The Author – Publishing as: www.BritishMilitaryHistory.co.uk © www.BritishMilitaryH istory.co.uk Page 1 20 April 2018 [PALESTINE & TRANS-JORDAN HISTORY & PERSONNEL] Palestine & Trans-Jordan The involvement of the United Kingdom in the politics of the Middle East extends over many years, but it was following the end of the Great War, or First World War, that British involvement increased. The success of the military campaigns in Gaza and Palestine, and in neighbouring Mesopotamia, gave the U.K. government military and political control of large areas of the former Ottoman Empire. Prior to the Great War, or First World War, Palestine and Trans-Jordan were part of the Ottoman Empire. During that war, in their determination to defeat the Central Powers, the U.K.
  • American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler's Death

    American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler's Death

    American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler’s Death Undergraduate Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with honors research distinction in History in the Undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Kelsey Mullen The Ohio State University November 2014 Project Advisor: Professor Alice Conklin, Department of History Project Mentor: Doctoral Candidate Sarah K. Douglas, Department of History American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler’s Death 2 Introduction The fall of Berlin marked the end of the European theatre of the Second World War. The Red Army ravaged the city and laid much of it to waste in the early days of May 1945. A large portion of Hitler’s inner circle, including the Führer himself, had been holed up in the Führerbunker underneath the old Reich Chancellery garden since January of 1945. Many top Nazi Party officials fled or attempted to flee the city ruins in the final moments before their destruction at the Russians’ hands. When the dust settled, the German army’s capitulation was complete. There were many unanswered questions for the Allies of World War II following the Nazi surrender. Invading Russian troops, despite recovering Hitler’s body, failed to disclose this fact to their Allies when the battle ended. In September of 1945, Dick White, the head of counter intelligence in the British zone of occupation, assigned a young scholar named Hugh Trevor- Roper to conduct an investigation into Hitler’s last days in order to refute the idea the Russians promoted and perpetuated that the Führer had escaped.1 Major Trevor-Roper began his investigation on September 18, 1945 and presented his conclusions to the international press on November 1, 1945.
  • Included Ten in Glasgow, Three in Edinburgh, and Two in THE

    Included Ten in Glasgow, Three in Edinburgh, and Two in THE

    742 60 in the three preceding weeks. These 58 deaths were D.S.O., from the Seconded List, to be Major (dated equal to an annual rate of 1 - 7 per 1000, which was March lst, 1905). Lieutenant R. L. V. Foster is seconded slightly above the mean rate last week from the same for service with the Egyptian Army (dated Jan. 17th, diseases in the 76 large English towns. The fatal cases 1905). Major R. H. Penton, D.S.O., from the Seconded of whooping-cough, which had been 27 in each of the List, to be Major (dated March lst, 1905). two preceding weeks, increased last week to 31, of which 22 occurred in Glasgow, two in Edinburgh, two ARMY MEDICAL RESERVE OF OFFICERS. in Greenock, and two in Perth. The fatal cases Surgeon-Major A. A. Watson to be Surgeon-Lieutenant- of diarrhoea, which had been 13, 13, and 16 in the Colonel (dated Feb. 28th, 1905). three further rose to 17 last and preceding weeks, week, A RUSSIAN APPRECIATION OF JAPANESE MEDICINE. included ten in Glasgow, three in and two in Edinburgh, At a of the Vladivostock Medical on Aberdeen. The deaths from measles, which had been seven sitting Society and in the two declined last Jan. 20th last Dr. N. V. Kiriloff and Dr. Rontchevski spoke eight preceding weeks, again of medicine and The former week to six, all of which were recorded in Glasgow. The very highly Japanese hygiene. deaths referred to diseases of the in rapidly traced the meteoric emancipation of Japan (where respiratory organs in were Chinese these towns, which had been and 114 in the even 1876 there still 30,000 medical 119, 116, from Chinese medical to 1901 when three preceding weeks, rose again last week to 153, but men) tutelage up no trace of Chinese in museums or in were slightly below the number in the medicine, except corresponding a few could be found over the whole of last year.
  • Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report: Volume 2

    Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report: Volume 2

    VOLUME TWO Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report The report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was presented to President Nelson Mandela on 29 October 1998. Archbishop Desmond Tutu Ms Hlengiwe Mkhize Chairperson Dr Alex Boraine Mr Dumisa Ntsebeza Vice-Chairperson Ms Mary Burton Dr Wendy Orr Revd Bongani Finca Adv Denzil Potgieter Ms Sisi Khampepe Dr Fazel Randera Mr Richard Lyster Ms Yasmin Sooka Mr Wynand Malan* Ms Glenda Wildschut Dr Khoza Mgojo * Subject to minority position. See volume 5. Chief Executive Officer: Dr Biki Minyuku I CONTENTS Chapter 1 Chapter 6 National Overview .......................................... 1 Special Investigation The Death of President Samora Machel ................................................ 488 Chapter 2 The State outside Special Investigation South Africa (1960-1990).......................... 42 Helderberg Crash ........................................... 497 Special Investigation Chemical and Biological Warfare........ 504 Chapter 3 The State inside South Africa (1960-1990).......................... 165 Special Investigation Appendix: State Security Forces: Directory Secret State Funding................................... 518 of Organisations and Structures........................ 313 Special Investigation Exhumations....................................................... 537 Chapter 4 The Liberation Movements from 1960 to 1990 ..................................................... 325 Special Investigation Appendix: Organisational structures and The Mandela United
  • Karl Barth's Contribution to the German Church Struggle Against National

    Karl Barth's Contribution to the German Church Struggle Against National

    Karl Barth’s contribution to the German Church struggle against National Socialism Ramathate Dolamo Department of Philosophy and Systematic Theology, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa Abstract Germany was under a totalitarian regime led by Adolf Hitler from 1933 to 1945. This article looks at the responses of the churches in Germany during that period. In particular, Karl Barth’s theology on church and state is examined to determine to what extent it did assist Germany in fighting National Socialism and in rebuilding Germany after the war. The author is of the view that most of Barth’s insights could be relevant and would be applicable today especially in those countries that are still being ruled by autocrats and dictators. Introduction Not only do theologians differ as to whether the (divine) com- mand should be grounded in the Christology or in the “orders of creation”, but also some theologians appear unwilling to recognise that the command is the ground and the instrument of God’s creative will of love both in originating and in sustaining creation in its historical development (Maimela 1984:158). Karl Barth’s views on sociopolitical matters especially those on church and state relations that he started to formulate during his Safenwil pastorate in 1911 were put to the harshest and rigorous test during the reign of Adolf Hitler from 1933 to the end of World War II in 1945. This article is an appre- ciation of the insights of Barth as a theologian and as an activist during the church struggle in Germany against National Socialism.
  • Sanitary Survey Report Loch Ewe and Loch Thurnaig RC-142 April 2015

    Sanitary Survey Report Loch Ewe and Loch Thurnaig RC-142 April 2015

    Scottish Sanitary Survey Report Sanitary Survey Report Loch Ewe and Loch Thurnaig RC-142 April 2015 Loch Ewe and Loch Report Title Thurnaig Sanitary Survey Report Project Name Scottish Sanitary Survey Food Standards Agency Client/Customer Scotland Cefas Project Reference C6316A Document Number C6316A_2014_25 Revision V1.0 Date 23/04/2015 Revision History Revision Date Pages revised Reason for revision number Id2 20/02/2015 - Internal draft for review V0.1 24/02/2015 All Draft for external consultation Amended in accordance with V1.0 23/04/2015 9,16,17 comments received during external consultation Name Position Date Jessica Larkham, Frank Cox, Scottish Sanitary Survey Author 23/04/2015 Liefy Hendrikz Team Principal Shellfish Checked Ron Lee 23/04/2015 Hygiene Scientist Group Manager, Food Approved Michelle Price-Hayward 24/04/2015 Safety This report was produced by Cefas for its Customer, the Food Standards Agency in Scotland, for the specific purpose of providing a sanitary survey as per the Customer’s requirements. Although every effort has been made to ensure the information contained herein is as complete as possible, there may be additional information that was either not available or not discovered during the survey. Cefas accepts no liability for any costs, liabilities or losses arising as a result of the use of or reliance upon the contents of this report by any person other than its Customer. Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth DT4 8UB. Tel 01305 206 600 www.cefas.gov.uk Loch Ewe and Loch Thurnaig Sanitary Survey V1.0 23/04/2015 i of 76 Report Distribution – Loch Ewe and Loch Thurnaig Date Name Agency Joyce Carr Scottish Government David Denoon SEPA Douglas Sinclair SEPA Hazel MacLeod SEPA Fiona Garner Scottish Water Alex Adrian Crown Estate Alan Yates The Highland Council Bill Steven The Highland Council Jane Grant Harvester Partner Organisations The hydrographic assessment and the shoreline survey and its associated report were undertaken by SRSL, Oban.
  • Militärgerichtsbarkeit in Österreich (Circa 1850–1945)

    Militärgerichtsbarkeit in Österreich (Circa 1850–1945)

    BRGÖ 2016 Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs Martin MOLL, Graz Militärgerichtsbarkeit in Österreich (circa 1850–1945) Military jurisdiction in Austria, ca. 1850–1945 This article starts around 1850, a period which saw a new codification of civil and military penal law with a more precise separation of these areas. Crimes committed by soldiers were now defined parallel to civilian ones. However, soldiers were still tried before military courts. The military penal code comprised genuine military crimes like deser- tion and mutiny. Up to 1912 the procedure law had been archaic as it did not distinguish between the state prosecu- tor and the judge. But in 1912 the legislature passed a modern military procedure law which came into practice only weeks before the outbreak of World War I, during which millions of trials took place, conducted against civilians as well as soldiers. This article outlines the structure of military courts in Austria-Hungary, ranging from courts responsible for a single garrison up to the Highest Military Court in Vienna. When Austria became a republic in November 1918, military jurisdiction was abolished. The authoritarian government of Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuß reintroduced martial law in late 1933; it was mainly used against Social Democrats who staged the February 1934 uprising. After the National Socialist ‘July putsch’ of 1934 a military court punished the rioters. Following Aus- tria’s annexation to Germany in 1938, German military law was introduced in Austria. After the war’s end in 1945, these Nazi remnants were abolished, leaving Austria without any military jurisdiction. Keywords: Austria – Austria as part of Hitler’s Germany –First Republic – Habsburg Monarchy – Military Jurisdiction Einleitung und Themenübersicht allen Staaten gab es eine eigene, von der zivilen Justiz getrennte Strafgerichtsbarkeit des Militärs.
  • Von Wildgänsen Und Pmcs

    Von Wildgänsen Und Pmcs

    Von Wildgänsen und PMCs. Der Wandel in der gesellschaftlichen Wahrnehmung von Söldnern in Film und Fernsehen. Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophie an der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Eingereicht von David Christopher Jaklin, Mag. phil. am Institut für Geschichte Erstbegutachter: Dieter-Anton Binder, Ao. Univ.-Prof. Dr.phil. tit. Univ.-Prof. Zweitbegutachter: Helmut Konrad, O.Univ.-Prof. Dr.phil. Dr.h.c. 2017 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort 5 I. Einleitung 6 A. Vorgehensweise 8 B. Aufbau der Arbeit 9 C. Verwendete Quellen und Literatur 10 II. Die Problematik der Terminologie 13 D. Definitions- und Differenzierungsversuche 14 1. Völkerrecht und internationale Organisationen 14 2. Die Problembeurteilung des UN Special Rapporteur on the use of mercenaries 19 E. Wissenschaftlicher Diskurs – ein Abwägen der Grauzonen 19 1. Differenzierung von Söldnern und PMCs 19 2. Das Artikulieren der definitorischen Grauzonen 21 3. Tim Spicer – aus den Augen und dem Mund eines Beteiligten 22 4. Die Rückkehr zum alten Söldnerbegriff 23 5. Die moralische Bewertung der “Söldner” 24 F. Exkurs: Die historische Genese der Söldner 25 1. Die Condottieri 26 2. Die Reisläufer 28 3. Die Landsknechte 29 4. Der Krieg im Wandel – der 30-jährige Krieg als Zäsur 29 G. Zwischenfazit – Das Spannungsfeld der Definition 31 H. Die für diese Arbeit verwendete Definition 33 I. Vorgehensweise und Methode 33 J. Forschungsfragen 37 III. Narrative und Stereotypen 38 K. Die weißen Söldner 40 1. Dark of the Sun – The Mercenaries – Katanga 42 2. The Wild Geese und Daniel Carneys Blick auf die Weißen Söldner seiner Zeit 49 3. The Dogs of War und Frederick Forsyths Beitrag zum Genre 56 4.
  • SA Army Unit Histories

    SA Army Unit Histories

    Appendix 9C SA Army unit histories 1 SA Infantry Division 1 The division was formed on August 13, 1940 at the South African Military College at Roberts’ Heights (now Thaba Tshwane), Pretoria. The formation demobilised in South Africa in January 1943 as part of a plan to form two armoured divisions. The divisional commanders were: • From August 13, 1940: Brigadier, then Major General “Uncle” George Brink. • From March 10, 1942: Major General Dan H Pienaar. Divisional Troops From To Remarks Artillery Antitank 1st Anti-Tank Brigade, SAA 25-Jan-41 12-Jun-41 renamed 1st Anti-Tank Regiment, SAA 01-Jun-41 01-Jan-43 Field Artillery 3rd Field Brigade, THA, SAA 29-Dec-40 11-Aug-41 renamed 4th Field Brigade, SAA 13-Aug-40 30-Jul-41 renamed 7th Field Brigade, SAA 13-Aug-40 11-Aug-41 renamed 1st Field Regiment, CFA,SAA 20-Apr-42 01-Jan-43 3rd Field Regiment, THA, SAA 11-Aug-41 25-Jun-42 4th Field Regiment, SAA 31-Jul-41 01-Jan-43 7th Field Regiment, SAA 11-Aug-41 01-Jan-43 Light Antiaircraft 1st Light Antiaircraft Regiment, SAA 01-Sep-41 01-Jan-43 Engineers Field Companies 12th Field Company, SA Engineers 13-Aug-40 02-Apr-41 1st Field Company, SA Engineers 13-Aug-40 01-Jan-43 2nd Field Company, SA Engineers 01-May-42 01-Jan-43 3rd Field Company, SA Engineers 03-May-41 01-Jan-43 5th Field Company, SA Engineers 05-Dec-40 01-Jan-43 Field Park Companies 19th Field Park Company, SA Eng 01-Apr-42 01-Jan-43 21st Corps Field Park Company, SA Eng 01-Dec-40 30-Apr-42 Infantry 2nd Regiment Botha 05-Feb-42 01-Jan-43 Machine Gun B Coy, Die Middellandse Regiment 27-Jun-42 01-Jan-43 1 Steve Rothwell, http://homepages.force9.net/rothwell/1sa.htm, August 24, 2003, accessed June 6, 2006.
  • 1 Introduction

    1 Introduction

    Notes 1 Introduction 1. Donald Macintyre, Narvik (London: Evans, 1959), p. 15. 2. See Olav Riste, The Neutral Ally: Norway’s Relations with Belligerent Powers in the First World War (London: Allen and Unwin, 1965). 3. Reflections of the C-in-C Navy on the Outbreak of War, 3 September 1939, The Fuehrer Conferences on Naval Affairs, 1939–45 (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1990), pp. 37–38. 4. Report of the C-in-C Navy to the Fuehrer, 10 October 1939, in ibid. p. 47. 5. Report of the C-in-C Navy to the Fuehrer, 8 December 1939, Minutes of a Conference with Herr Hauglin and Herr Quisling on 11 December 1939 and Report of the C-in-C Navy, 12 December 1939 in ibid. pp. 63–67. 6. MGFA, Nichols Bohemia, n 172/14, H. W. Schmidt to Admiral Bohemia, 31 January 1955 cited by Francois Kersaudy, Norway, 1940 (London: Arrow, 1990), p. 42. 7. See Andrew Lambert, ‘Seapower 1939–40: Churchill and the Strategic Origins of the Battle of the Atlantic, Journal of Strategic Studies, vol. 17, no. 1 (1994), pp. 86–108. 8. For the importance of Swedish iron ore see Thomas Munch-Petersen, The Strategy of Phoney War (Stockholm: Militärhistoriska Förlaget, 1981). 9. Churchill, The Second World War, I, p. 463. 10. See Richard Wiggan, Hunt the Altmark (London: Hale, 1982). 11. TMI, Tome XV, Déposition de l’amiral Raeder, 17 May 1946 cited by Kersaudy, p. 44. 12. Kersaudy, p. 81. 13. Johannes Andenæs, Olav Riste and Magne Skodvin, Norway and the Second World War (Oslo: Aschehoug, 1966), p.
  • The Role of Non-Whites in the South African Defence Force by Cmdt C.J

    The Role of Non-Whites in the South African Defence Force by Cmdt C.J

    Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 16, Nr 2, 1986. http://scientiamilitaria.journals.ac.za The Role of Non-Whites in the South African Defence Force by Cmdt C.J. N6thling* assisted by Mrs L. 5teyn* The early period for Blacks, Coloureds and Indians were non- existent. It was, however, inevitable that they As long ago as 1700, when the Cape of Good would be resuscitated when war came in 1939. Hope was still a small settlement ruled by the Dutch East India Company, Coloureds were As war establishment tables from this period subject to the same military duties as Euro- indicate, Non-Whites served as separate units in peans. non-combatant roles such as drivers, stretcher- bearers and batmen. However, in some cases It was, however, a foreign war that caused the the official non-combatant edifice could not be establishment of the first Pandour regiment in maintained especially as South Africa's shortage 1781. They comprised a force under white offi- of manpower became more acute. This under- cers that fought against the British prior to the lined the need for better utilization of Non-Whites occupation of the Cape in 1795. Between the in posts listed on the establishment tables of years 1795-1803 the British employed white units and a number of Non-Whites were Coloured soldiers; they became known as the subsequently attached to combat units and they Cape Corps after the second British occupation rendered active service, inter alia in an anti-air- in 1806. During the first period of British rule craft role.