Notes

INTRODUCTION

1. (ed.), The Old School (London: Jonathan Cape, 1934) 7-8. (Hereafter OS.) 2. Ibid., 105, 17. 3. Graham Greene, (London: Bodley Head, 1971) 72. (Hereafter SL.) 4. OS, 256. 5. , The Road to Wigan Pier (London: Gollancz, 1937) 171. 6. OS, 8. 7. Barbara Greene, Too Late to Turn Back (London: Settle and Bendall, 1981) ix. 8. Graham Greene, Collected Essays (London: Bodley Head, 1969) 14. (Hereafter CE.) 9. Graham Greene, (London: Longmans, Green, 1939) 10. (Hereafter LR.) 10. Marie-Franc;oise Allain, The Other Man (London: Bodley Head, 1983) 25. (Hereafter OM). 11. SL, 46. 12. Ibid., 19, 18. 13. Michael Tracey, A Variety of Lives (London: Bodley Head, 1983) 4-7. 14. Peter Quennell, The Marble Foot (London: Collins, 1976) 15. 15. Claud , Claud Cockburn Sums Up (London: Quartet, 1981) 19-21. 16. Ibid. 17. LR, 12. 18. Graham Greene, (Toronto: Lester and Orpen Dennys, 1980) 62. (Hereafter WE.) 19. Graham Greene, (London: Heinemann, 1962) 11. (Hereafter JWM). 20. , Foreword, in Edward Upward, The Railway Accident and Other Stories (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1972) 34. 21. Virginia Woolf, 'The Leaning Tower', in The Moment and Other Essays (NY: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1974) 128-54. 22. JWM, 4-10. 23. Cockburn, 21. 24. Ibid. 25. WE, 32. 26. Graham Greene, 'Analysis of a Journey', Spectator (September 27, 1935) 460. 27. Samuel Hynes, The Auden Generation (New York: Viking, 1977) 228. 28. ]WM, 87, 92. 29. Ibid., 272, 288, 278.

199 200 Notes to Chapter 1

30. Ibid., 33. 31. Ibid., 178-81. 32. Ibid., 278, 18, 174, 121. 33. Ibid., 65, 121 312. 34. Ibid., 64. Greene was a member of the Communist Party for four weeks while he was a student at Oxford, and of the ILP for a short period in 1933. 35. WE, 53. 36. OM, 81. 37. Author's interview with Greene (29 July 1988).

CHAPTER 1: BETWEEN WARS 1. OM, 39. 2. SL, 126-30. Greene's chronology conflicts with Norman Sherry's in The Life of Graham Greene (London: Jonathan Cape, 1989), which appeared as Graham Greene: The Dangerous Edge went to press. 3. Ibid., 139, 140. 4. Graham Greene, 'The French Peace', The Oxford Outlook VI Gune 1924) 212-14. 5. SL, 41. 6. Ibid., 172. 7. Christopher Isherwood, Lions and Shadows (London: Hogarth, 1938) 177. 8. Louis MacNeice, The Strings Are False (London: Faber, 1965) 101. 9. SL, 175. 10. WE, 5. 11. Ibid., 6. 12. Ibid., 8. 13. Graham Greene, (New York: Doubleday, 1931) 58. 14. Ibid. 15. Ibid., 264. 16. Graham Greene, Rumour at Nightfall (London: Heinemann, 1931) 4. 17. Ibid., 11, 44, 45, 145, 298, 10. 18. T.S. Eliot, 'Last Words', Criterion 18 Ganuary 1939) 271. 19. Graham Greene, (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1963) 109. (Hereafter GS.) 20. Graham Greene, (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1963) 88. (Hereafter CA.) 21. Graham Greene, It's A Battlefield (London: Heinemann, 1959) 119, 223. (Hereafter lB.) 22. GS, 14. 23. Graham Greene, (London: Heinemann, 1960) 50. (Hereafter EMM.) 24. Graham Greene, (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1951) 48. (Hereafter ST.) 25. WE, 56. 26. IB, 219. Notes to Chapter 1 201

27. Ibid., 234. 28. ST, 61. 29. Ibid., 114. 30. IB, 42, 194, 185. 31. Graham Greene, 'Comments On Auden', New Verse (November 1937) 29. 32. WE, 22. 33. CA, 60. 34. IB, 190, 217. 35. GS, 172. 36. EMM, 238. 37. Graham Greene, 'The Landowner in Revolt', London Mercury (February 1937) 424-5. 38. Graham Greene, (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1965) 3, 169, 201. (Hereafter BR.) 39. CE, 49-50. 40. Graham Greene, 'Cinema', Spectator (24 April 1936) 766. 41. JWM, 304. 42. ST, 112, 114. 43. Claud Cockburn, 'A Conversation with Claud Cockburn', The Review (No. 11-12, 1952). 44. Graham Greene, 'Alfred Tennyson Intervenes', Spectator (24 December 1937) 1058. 45. WE, 59. 46. Graham Greene, 'A Dane In Africa', Observer (15 November 1936). 47. Graham Greene, 'Homage to the Bombardier', London Mercury (December 1937) 219. 48. Ibid. 49. Graham Greene, 'Death in the Cotswolds', Spectator (24 February 1933) 247. 50. Graham Greene, 'Vive le Roi', Spectator (22 July 1938) 139-40. 51. Graham Greene, 'Strike in Paris', Spectator (16 February 1934) 229-30. 52. Ibid. 53. Ibid. 54. WE, 108. 55. Graham Greene, (New York: Bantam, 1970) 177. (Hereafter MF.) 56. SL, 166. Greene was received into the Church in February 1926. 57. WE, 59. 58. Graham Greene, 'Oberammergau', The Graphic (17 May 1930) 345. 59. Graham Greene, 'Three Travellers', Spectator (8 December 1939) 838. 60. Greene, 'Oberammergau'. 61. WE, 58. 62. JWM, 104, 309. 63. Graham Greene, 'From the Mantelpiece', Spectator (17 June 1938) 1110. 64. CA, 8, 56. 65. Greene, 'The Landowner In Revolt'. 66. Graham Greene, 'West Coast', Spectator (12 April 1935) 620, 202 Notes to Chapter 2

and 'Journey Without Maps', Time and Tide (23 May 1936) 460. 67. BR, 123. 68. WE, 62. 69. Graham Greene, 'Dark Backward', London Mercury (October, 1935) 562-5. 70. Graham Greene, 'Cinema', Spectator (6 December 1935) 940. 71. WE, 74. 72. GS, 48, 113, 172, 187. 73. WE, 57. 74. GS, 13. 75. WE, 61-2. 76. BR, 207. 77. WE, 58-9. 78. CE, 50. 79. BR, 93, 167. 80. Ibid., 37, 245. 81. WE, 58. 82. OM, 159. 83. BR, 249.

CHAPTER 2: GREENE'S MEXICO

1. WE, 5. 2. LR, 14, 11. 3. Ibid., 13, 14, 15, 17. 4. Ibid., 11, 12-13, 14. 5. Greene says Father Pro was twenty-five when he arrived back in Mexico. His photographs certainly show him looking younger than he was. 6. LR, 18. 7. Ibid., 17, 19. 8. Ibid., 36. 9. Ibid., 57. 10. Ibid., 194, 270. 11. Ibid., 162, 46, 57. 12. Ibid., 58, 59. 13. Ibid., 28, 29. 14. Ibid., 29. 15. Ibid., 91-2. 16. Ibid., 46. 17. Ibid., 108. 18. V.S. Pritchett, London Mercury (April 1939) 648. 19. LR, 272. 20. Ibid., 257. 21. Richard Johnstone, The Will to Believe (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984). Notes to Chapter 2 203

22. WE, 60. 23. OM, 166. 24. LR, 53 25. Ibid., 167-8. 26. Ibid., 212. 27. Graham Greene, 'Don in Mexico', Spectator (22 November 1940) 538. 28. Professor J. B. Trend, Spectator (29 November 1940) 582. 29. Graham Greene, Spectator (29 November 1940) 582. 30. WE, 59. 31. Anne Chisholm, Nancy Cunard (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1985) 318. 32. Hynes, 260--70. 33. OM, 155. 34. LR, 204--5. 35. Ibid., 68, 121. 36. Robert E. Quirk, The Mexican Revolution and The Catholic Church 1910-1920 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1973) 27-8. 37. OM, 155. 38. LR, 59-60, 50. 39. Graham Greene, 'Bed- Exhausted', Spectator (23 May 1941) 558. 40. Graham Greene, 'A Pride of Bombs', Spectator (14 February 1941) 178. 41. LR, 249, 296, 294, 296. 42. LR, 305. 43. Graham Greene, 'While Waiting For War', in Granta, No. 17 (1985) 25. 44. WE, 66. 45. Ibid., 67. 46. Ibid., 68. 47. LR, 130. 48. Graham Greene, (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1962) 8. (Hereafter PG.) 49. LR, 139. 50. Ibid., 141. 51. PG, 7 and LR, 137. 52. PG, 7. 53. LR, 137-8. Camibal is misspelled Cannibal throughout The Lawless Roads. He named one of his sons Lenin as Greene says but the other was not named Satan. He had a daughter called Soy la libertad (I am liberty). 54. PG, 7. 55. PG, (Collected Edition, 1958) viii. 56. PG, 24. 57. Ibid., 24-5. 58. Ibid., 82, 74, 77. 59. Ibid., 162, 121, 195. 60. Ibid., 49. 61. Graham Greene, 'Notes on the Way', Time and Tide (19 October 1940) 1021-2. 62. Ibid. 63. Graham Greene, 'Mr Hemingway's New Novel', Spectator (7 March 1941) 258. 204 Notes to Chapter 3

64. PG, 141-2. 65. Ibid, 210 66. Greene, 'Notes on the Way'. 67. Graham Greene, 'Escape', Spectator (4 October 1940) 344. 68. Ibid. 69. Greene, 'Notes on the Way'. 70. Ibid. 71. Graham Greene, Elizabeth Bowen and V.S. Pritchett, Why Do I Write? (London: Percival Marshall, 1948) 31, 48. 72. Greene, 'Notes on the Way'. 73. WE, 60. 74. Graham Greene, 'Domestic War', Spectator (28 March 1941) 348. 75. Graham Greene, 'They Wanted to Use Another Name', Evening Standard (10 August 1945) 6. 76. Greene, 'While Waiting for War'. 77. LR, 17.

CHAPTER 3: SCOBIE'S WAR

1. Kim Philby, My Silent War (London: Panther, 1976) 50. 2. Bruce Page, David Leitch and Phillip Knightley, Phi/by, The Spy Who Betrayed a Generation (London: Sphere Books, 1977) 83-112. 3. Graham Greene, 'Convoy to West Africa', The Mint (1946) 55. 4. WE, 75-82. 5. MF, 1. 6. Ibid., 57. 7. Ibid., 60, 82, 67. 8. Ibid., 139. 9. Ibid., 212-14. 10. WE, 81. 11. Ibid., 89. 12. Ibid., 91. 13. Judith Adamson, Graham Greene and Cinema (Norman, Oklahoma: Pilgrim Books, 1984) 31-2. 14. Just before Stamboul Train was published in 1932 Priestley insisted that he saw himself in the character of Mr Savory. Greene had to make changes to the book after it had been bound, and to help defray the costs. 15. Graham Greene, 'A Lost Leader', Spectator (13 December 1940) 646. 16. Ibid. 17. Ibid. 18. Greene, Why Do I Write?, 47. 19. Graham Greene, 'The Turn of the Screw', Spectator (20 June 1941) 657. 20. Greene, Why Do I Write?, 31. 21. Graham Greene, 'Lightning Tour', Spectator (13 June, 1941) 637. 22. Graham Greene, 'Kim Philby', in Philby, My Silent War, 7. 23. Philby, 16. Notes to Chapter 4 205

24. Greene, Why Do I Write?, 49. 25. LR (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1950). 26. Page, Leitch and Knightley, 186. 27. CE, 460. 28. Philby, 81. 29. Greene, 'Kim Philby.' 30. Phillip Knightley, 'Philby: How I Got Away', The Sunday Times (20 March 1988). 31. Graham Greene, (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1962) 32. (Hereafter HM). 32. Ibid., 173, 35. 33. WE, 101. 34. HM 250. 35. Ibid., 152, 148. 36. Ibid., 115, 211. 37. Ibid., 208, 56, 170, 178. 38. Ibid., 233. 39. Ibid., 259, 263-4. 40. Ibid., 251. 41. WE, 100. 42. Ibid., 101, 102. 43. Ibid., 101. 44. Graham Greene, 'The Londoners', The Month (November 1952) 285. 45. WE, 92. 46. HM, 146, 264. 47. OM, 136. 48. Ronald Matthews, Mon Ami Graham Greene (Paris 1957), quoted in Philip Stratford, Faith And Fiction (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1964) 237. 49. Graham Greene, 'A Hint of an Explanation', The Month (February 1949) 77-8, 87. 50. WE, 96. 51. For an account of Greene's prominence at this time as a Catholic writer see Donald Costello, 'Graham Greene and the Catholic Press', Renascence (Autumn 1959). 52. HM, 251. 53. Greene, 'A Hint of an Explanation'. 54. Graham Greene, quoted in Stratford, 237. 55. Storm Jameson, Journey From The North Vol. 1 (London: Virago, 1984) 411.

CHAPTER 4: A DETACHED POINT OF VIEW

1. Graham Greene, and The Fallen Idol (London: Heinemann, 1950) 123, 126, 6. (Hereafter TM.) 2. Adamson, 55--6. 3. Rudy Behlmer, (ed.), Memo From: David 0. Selznick (New York: Avon Books, 1973) 447. 206 Notes to Chapter 4

4. Author's interview with Greene (21 June 1982). 5. TM, 6. 6. Graham Greene, 'The Films', Night And Day (7 October 1937) 38. 7. Graham Greene, 'The Return of Charlie Chaplin', New Statesman and Nation (27 September 1952) 344. 8. Ibid. 9. Graham Greene, 'London Diary', New Statesman and Nation (22 November 1952) 593. 10. Graham Greene, 'The Red Tape Curtain', New Statesman and Nation (10 January, 1953). 11. Graham Greene, 'Getting To America', Daily Telegraph (19 August 1959). 12. See: Tracey, 81-98. Hugh Greene had worked as a journalist since December 1933 when he became a correspondent in Berlin for The Daily Telegraph. At the beginning of the war he was made head of the BBC' s German Service, and in that capacity attempted to redirect the sympathies of ordinary Germans away from the Nazis. After the war he returned to to help create a broadcasting service along the lines of the BBC. 13. Tracey, 129. 14. Until next endnote all quotations are from: Graham Greene, 'Malaya, The Forgotten War', Life (30 July 1951) 51-65. 15. Hugh Greene, quoted in Tracey 135. 16. Ibid. 17. WE, 131. 18. Until next endnote all quotations are from: Graham Greene, 'The Assumption of Mary', Life (30 October 1950) 51-8. 19. 'The Assumption of Mary', translated by Marcelle Sibon as 'Notre Dame et Son Assomption', is among these articles, three of which have never been published in English. 20. Graham Greene, 'The Last Pope', in Philip Stratford, The Portable Graham Greene (New York: Viking, 1973) 590. 21. CE, 384. 22. Graham Greene, The End of the Affair (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1978) 146. (Hereafter EA.) 23. Ibid., 190. 24. Ibid., 191. 25. Adamson, 87. 26. WE, 116. 27. Ibid., 113, 114. 28. Ibid., 114. 29. EA, 7. 30. Ibid., 143. 31. WE, 115. 32. Ibid., 119. 33. Until next endnote all quotations are from: Graham Greene, 'Mau Mau: The Terror By Night', The Sunday Times (27 September 1953). 34. Carl G. Rosberg and John Nottingham, The Myth of Mau Mau (New York: Praeger, 1966) 279-92. Notes to Chapter 4 207

35. Greene, 'Mau Mau: Terror by Night." 36. Until next endnote all quotations are from: Graham Greene, 'Mau Mau: The Black God', The Sunday Times (4 October 1953). 37. John Peer Nugent, Call Africa 999 (New York: Coward-McCann, 1965) 99. 38. Tom Mboya, Freedom and After (Boston: Little, Brown, 1963) 41. 39. Greene, 'Mau Mau: Terror By Night." 40. See: Frank Furedi, 'The Social Composition of The Mau Mau Movement in the White Highlands', The Journal of Peasant Studies 1 (4 July 1974) 486-505. The Highlands of Kenya opened to European settlement with the construction of the Uganda railway in 1902. When European settlers took over their lands, the Kikuyu were encouraged to squat on them and provide labour. Most Africans stayed in their villages but others worked for the settlers for three or four months a year in return for the right to cultivate a piece of land and graze livestock. Many Kikuyu became successful independent producers, while at the beginning of the century European development was slow because of a shortage of capital. In the early twenties, however, when the supply of labour for the farms exceeded the demand for the first time, there was an attempt to eliminate the squatters as independent producers. The number of livestock they could hold was decreased, the amount of labour they had to provide increased. Thousands of squatters drifted back to the reserves. Those who remained protested through strikes and by occupying European-owned land. During World War Two the squatters held their own because the price of agricultural products was high and the settlers were reluctant to upset the labour supply. But after the war the government tried to tum the squatters into residential agricultural workers. Kikuyu who had worked for ninety days a year and had six acres to graze twenty-five sheep and goats on, now had to work two-thirds of the year and were allowed only one and a half acres of land and five sheep. They could no longer sell their produce freely, and Europeans received a higher price for the same goods. The struggle of the Kikuyu squatters to defend their position as independent producers against determined government action led to the Mau Mau Emergency. Between 1945 and 1952 the squatters turned the Kikuyu Central Association, which was previously made up of educated Kikuyu, artisans, traders and prominent local figures, into a mass movement to pressure for action. At first it used traditional forms of protest but after 1950 became militant, blocking roads and destroying farm machinery and cattle. In 1948 mass oathing campaigns began and the Mau Mau movement spread rapidly. 41. Greene, 'Mau Mau: The Black God'. 42. Ibid. 43. Graham Greene, 'Church Militant', New Statesman and Nation (21 January 1956) 66-8. 44. Ibid. 208 Notes to Chapter 5

45. Graham Greene, 'The Price of Faith', New Statesman and Nation (7 July 1956) 18-19. 46. Graham Greene, 'Tito and Stepinac', New Statesman and Nation (14 February 1953). 47. Graham Greene, 'The Naga Hills', Times (3 September 1956).

CHAPTER 5: VIETNAM

1. Graham Greene, 'The Man as Pure as Lucifer', The Sunday Times (8 May 1955). There are various ways of spelling the names of the towns and organisations Greene mentions in his Vietnam reportage. I use the currently accepted forms, and have left Greene's spelling as it appeared in his articles. 2. WE, 131. 3. Ibid., 132. 4. Ibid., 134. 5. Graham Greene, 'Introduction', in Graham Greene and Hugh Greene, The Spy's Bedside Book (London: Granada, 1975) 13. 6. WE, 134. 7. Graham Greene and Raymond Cartier, 'En Indochine', Paris Match (12 July 1952) 19-30. 8. Ibid. (my translation.) 9. A.J. Liebling, 'A Talkative Something or Other', New Yorker (1 April 1956) 136-42. 10. Until next endnote all quotations are from: Graham Greene, 'Return to Indo-', The Sunday Times (21 March 1954). 11. David Halberstam, The Making of A Quagmire (New York: Random House, 1965) 35--6. 12. Greene and Cartier, 'En Indochine'. (My translation.) 13. Until next endnote all quotations are from: Graham Greene, 'Last Cards in Indo-China', The Sunday Times (28 March 1954). 14. Graham Greene, 'Before the Attack', Spectator (16 April1954) 456. 15. Halberstam, 38. 16. Graham Greene, 'Decision In Asia: The Battle of Dien Bien Phu', The Sunday Times (3 March 1963). 17. Graham Greene, 'The Dilemma of The South', The Sunday Times (24 April 1955). 18. Frances FitzGerald, Fire In The Lake (Boston: Little, Brown, 1972), 81-90. 19. Halberstam, 39. 20. Robert Sheer and Warren Hinkle, 'The Viet-Nam Lobby', in Marcus G. Raskin and Bernard Fall (eds.), The Viet-Nam Reader (New York: Random House, 1965) 6(r81. 21. Greene, 'The Dilemma of the South.' 22. Graham Greene, 'Refugees and Victors', The Sunday Times (1 May 1955). 23. Ibid. 24. Ibid. Notes to Chapter 5 209

25. Ibid. 26. Greene, 'The Dilemma of the South'. 27. Greene, 'Refugees and Victors'. 28. OM, 89. 29. Greene, 'The Man as Pure as Lucifer.' 30. Ibid. 31. Ibid. 32. Jean Lacouture, Ho Chi Minh: A Political Biography (New York: Random House, 1968) 31. 33. Greene, 'The Man as Pure as Lucifer'. 34. Ibid. 35. WE, 140. 36. Graham Greene, (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1977), 18. (Hereafter QA.) 37. OM, 55, 116. 38. Graham Greene, 'Tactical Error on Viet Cong', The Sunday Times (23 June 1965). 39. Graham Greene, 'Return To IndoChina', The Sunday Times (21 March 1954). 40. QA, 18. 41. Ibid., 179. 42. OM, 17. 43. QA, 11. 44. OM, 69. 45. QA, 28, 167, 60, 32. 46. Ibid., 21. 47. Ibid., 94, 95, 96. 48. Ibid., 151. 49. OM, 142. 50. Ibid., 93. 51. Ibid., 89. 52. QA, 53. 53. OM, 115. 54. Ibid., 81. 55. QA, 31, 28, 134, 44. 56. Ibid., 94, 60, 174, 178. 57. Ibid., 173-4. 58. Ibid., 66, 152. 59. Ibid., 183, 174, 55. 60. Newsweek (1 October 1956) 56. 61. Adamson, 88. 62. Graham Greene, 'Between Pax and Patriotism', The Sunday Times (15 January 1956). 63. Ibid. 210 Notes to Chapter 6

CHAPTER 6: OUR MAN IN CUBA AND HAITI

1. J. Maclaren-Ross, Memoirs of The 40s (London: Alan Ross, 1965) 16. 2. WE, 180--5. 3. Ibid., 206. 4. Graham Greene, 'Cuba's Civil War', (3 January 1959) and 'What Should Be Remembered', The Times (21 February 1962). 5. OM, 59. 6. Graham Greene, (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1958) 72. (Hereafter OMH.) 7. Ibid., 48, 140. 8. Ibid., 56, 108. 9. Ibid., 18. 10. Ibid., 22. 11. Ibid., 210. 12. Adamson, 94. 13. OMH, 25. 14. Ibid., 210, 10. 15. Ibid., 217. 16. Until next endnote all quotations are from: Graham Greene, 'Return To Cuba', Sunday Telegraph (22 September 1963). 17. Until next endnote all quotations are from: Graham Greene, 'Shadow and Sunlight in Cuba', Daily Telegraph Magazine (9 December 1966). 18. OM, 84. 19. Adamson, 134-6. 20. Graham Greene, 'The Worm Inside the Lotus Blossom', Daily Telegraph Magazine (3 January 1969). 21. Ibid. 22. OM, 85. 23. Until next endnote all quotations are from: Graham Greene, 'Nightmare Republic', Sunday Telegraph (29 September 1963). 24. Graham Greene, (London: Bodley Head, 1966) 304. (Hereafter TC.) 25. Ibid., 9. 26. Ibid., 23, 109, 123. 27. Ibid., 145, 192. 28. Ibid., 192. 29. Ibid. 177. 30. Ibid., 252-3. 31. Ibid., 170, 10, 300. 32. Ibid., 276, 23, 312, 311-12, 309. 33. Ibid., 311, 193. 34. Ibid., 304. 35. The Times (12 January 1970, 16 January 1970). 36. Graham Greene, 'Letter to a West German Friend', New Statesman (31 May 1963), 824. 37. Graham Greene, 'The Daniel-Sinyavsky Trial', The Times (4 September 1967). Notes to Chapter 7 211

38. Graham Greene, 'Notes and Topics', Encounter Gune 1968). 39. Graham Greene, 'Morality of States', The Times (5 July 1969). 40. Graham Greene, 'Goa The Unique', The Sunday Times (1 March 1964). 41. OM, 95.

CHAPTER 7: THE NOVELIST AND THE GENERAL

1. Until next endnote all quotations are from: Graham Greene, 'Chile: The Dangerous Edge', Sunday Observer Magazine (2 January 1972). 2. Graham Greene, Getting to Know the General (Toronto: Lester and Orpen Dennys, 1984) 31. (Hereafter GKG.) 3. Ibid., 30. 4. Author's interview with Greene (29 July 1988). 5. Ibid., 27, 135, 38. 6. Ibid., 9, 37, 38. 7. Walter LaFeber, The Panama Canal (New York: Oxford University Press, 1978) 160-74. 8. GKG, 93 and 95, 117, 113. 9. LaFeber, 170-80. 10. Ronald Steel, 'Rough Passage', New York Review of Books (23 March 1978) 10-14. 11. GKG, 120-1. 12. Ibid., 124, 125. 13. Graham Greene, 'The Country with Five Frontiers', New York Review of Books (17 February 1977). 14. Steel, 10. 15. LaFeber, 186. 16. Author's interview with Greene (29 July 1988). 17. Greene, 'The Country With Five Frontiers'. 18. GKG, 136. 19. Ibid., 140, 146, 145. 20. New Yorker (14 March 1988) 72. 21. GKG, 200. 22. Ibid., 207. 23. Ibid., 202, 140-1. 24. Ibid., 211. 25. Ibid., 212. 26. OM, 104. 27. GKG, 213, 215, 36. 28. OM, 111. 29. GKG, 36, 83. 30. Graham Greene, (London: Bodley Head, 1973) 128, 273, 287. (Hereafter HC) 31. Ibid., 303. 32. Ibid., 305. 33. Ibid., 327. 34. OM, 64-5. 35. OM, 111. 212 Notes to Chapter 8

36. WE, 247. 37. HC, 274, 276. 38. Ibid., 328. 39. Graham Greene, 'War In Vietnam', The Times (15 February 1971). 40. Graham Greene, 'Revolutionary Bystander', Daily Telegraph Magazine (6 December 1974) 71. 41. HC, 260. 42. Ibid., 325. 43. Ibid., 55, 246, 334. 44. GKG, 72. 45. Graham Greene, The Captain and the Enemy (London: Reinhardt, 1988) 66. (Hereafter CAE.) 46. Ibid., 189, 45, 179. 47. Ibid., 171. 48. WE, 248, 251. 49. Gloria Emerson, 'Our Man in Antibes', Rolling Stone (19 March 1978) 45. 50. Raymond Carr, 'Of Spain and Bloomsbury', TLS (28 November 1986) 1333.

CHAPTER 8: A KNIGHT ERRANT

1. Douglas Jerrold, 'Graham Greene, Pleasure-Hater', Harper's Magazine (August 1952) 50-2. 2. Graham Greene, 'A Thorn On The Yellow Rose', Daily Telegraph Sunday Magazine (22 November 1974) 59--60. 3. Graham Greene, 'The John Gordon Society', Spectator (9 March 1956) 309. 4. John Sutro, 'Greene's Jests', Spectator (29 September 1984) 16-19. 5. OM, 17. 6. Charles Trueheart, 'Graham Greene: Resisting Curiosity', Inter• national Herald Tribune (27 September 1988). 7. Graham Greene, Monsignor Quixote (Toronto: Lester and Orpen Dennys, 1982) 65. (Hereafter MQ.) 8. WE, 266. 9. Leopold Duran, in Adam International Review No. 446-8 (1984) 7-8. 10. Miguel de Unamuno, 'On the Reading and Interpretation of Don Quixote', in Don Quixote, Joseph R. Jones and Kenneth Douglas, (eds.) (New York: Norton, 1981) 974-9. 11. MQ, 232. 12. WE, 58. 13. SL, 72. 14. Ibid., 74. 15. HC, 150-1. 16. SL, 96. 17. Ibid., 16-17. 18. Karel Kyncl, 'A Conversation With Graham Greene', Index On Censorship (3 June 1984) 4-5. Notes to Chapter 8 213

19. MQ, 69 and 74. 20. Graham Greene, (London: Bodley Head, 1969) 271. 21. Graham Greene, (London: Bodley Head, 1978) 339. 22. MQ, 48-9. 23. Graham Greene, (London: Bodley Head, 1961) 9. 24. Ibid. 41-2, 71. 25. Graham Greene, A Burnt-Out Case (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1964) 47. (Hereafter BC.) 26. WE, 216. 27. Ibid, 217, 216, 217, 218. 28. BC, 124, 205, 206, 207. 29. Ibid., 128. 30. OM, 82. 31. Roger Syanstrom, in Adam International, 28. 32. Graham Greene, 'Freedom of Thought', in Adam International, 446--8. Greene visited Israel in 1967 and wrote in the Daily Telegraph about being under Egyptian fire in the Sinai Desert (29 October). In his 1981 Jerusalem Prize speech he praised Jerusalem's Mayor, Teddy Kollek, for 'the defence of the individual in society' and the city for advancing Arab education and culture. In August 1988 Greene told me he found this statement somewhat embarassing in the light of Israel's subsequent treatment of the Palestinians. 33. Graham Greene, The Human Factor, 153--4, 151. 34. Ibid., 282. 35. OM, 82. 36. Julian Symons, 'The Strength of Uncertainty', TLS (8 October 1982). 37. Author's interview with Greene (21 June 1982). 38. MQ, 232. 39. Graham Greene, 'Under the Garden', in (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1970) 48.

To avoid duplication of material no bibliography is provided here. Bibliographical details of sources used are in the endnotes. There are many published lists of Greene's work. A complete bibliography by Neil Brennan and the late Alan Redway will soon be issued by Oxford University Press. R.A. Wobbe, Graham Greene: A Bibliography and Guide to Research (New York: Garland Publishing, 1979) lists all Greene's work up to the last few years. A.F. Cassis, Graham Greene: An Annotated Bibliography of Criticism (Metuchen, NJ: The Scarecrow Press, 1981) is an exhaustive account of reviews, articles and books about Greene. Maria Couto's Graham Greene: On the Frontier (London: Macmillan, 1988) is a recent discussion of politics and religion in Greene's novels. Index

A Burnt-Out Case 193-5 Cockburn, Claud 4, 5, 11, 13-16 A Gun For Sale 20, 22, 25, 27, Cold War 94, 139 36-42, 47 Comedians, The 148--50, 153-9, 175, Allain, Marie-Fran<;oise 186 177, 181, 192 Allende, Salvador 162, 173 Communism 47, 97, 100, 117, Anglo-Texan Society 185, 186 126-7, 132, 138, 161, 176, 189, Argentina 148, 164 194-5 Arnold, Matthew 57 Communist Party 13 'Assumption of Mary, The' 100-1 Confidential Agent, The 20, 22, 25 Auden, W. H. 1, 24, 28, 54 Cornford, John 7 Authors Take Sides on the Spanish Coward, Noel 57 Civil War 28, 29, 32, 54 Cuba 139-48, 159, 173, 177, 192 Cunard, Nancy 28, 54 Belize 148, 170-1 Czechoslovakia 160-1 Berkhamsted 3, 13, 44-7, 68, 190 Berkhamsted School 1, 2, 4, 5 Dachau 84 Berlin 159, 160 Day Lewis, C. 7 Bowen, Elizabeth 37, 66 De Lattre, General 117 Brighton Rock 20, 25-7, 33, 36-7, 'Death in the Cotswolds' 30, 186 40-2, 44, 47, 57, 82, 85, 176 Dennys, Elisabeth Greene 70, 184 British Dramatists 70 Diem, Ngo Dinh 123, 127 Brittain, Vera 57 Dien Bien Phu 119, 122, 123 Dmytryk, Edward 103 Calder-Marshall, Arthur 37 Dominican Republic 148 Calles 43· Duvalier, Papa Doc 148, 150, 151, Cao Dai 117, 119, 128 155, 159 Captain and the Enemy, The 179-81, 184 Eliot, T. S. 20 Carr, Raymond 183 Emerson, Gloria 183 Carter, President Jimmy 167, 169 End of the Affair, The 74, 102, 104, Castro, Fidel 140, 146, 147, 163, 128, 142 164, 169, 173, 175 England Made Me 21, 25 Catholicism 26, 51, 36, 42, 47, 52, Essais Catholiques 101 59, 64, 85, 89, 101-2, 127, 133, 187, 191, 194, 195 Fallen Idol, The 91 Cavalcanti, Alberto 139 Ford, Ford Madox 26, 36, 37 Cayetano, Salvador 172, 173 Freetown 71-2, 74 Cedillo, General 55 'French Peace, The' 14 Cervantes 188 Chaplin, Charlie 94, 95 Garda Marquez, Gabriel 163, 167 Chiapas 44, 48, 50-2, 63 General Strike (1926) 16, 17 Chile 148, 162-3 Getting to Know the General 163-73, 'Church Militant' 113-14 179, 180

214 Index 215

Glenville, Peter 148--9 Lewis, Wyndham 29, 32 Gorer, Geoffrey 36 Liberia 7-11, 16, 34, 47 Greene, Charles Henry 4 Lolita 186 Greene, Hugh 4, 84, 96, 99, 100, London Blitz 65, 73-4, 85 184 Lubbock, Percy 37 Greene, Graham: as film critic 20; Catholicism 26, 33; Maclaren-Ross, J. 139 family/childhood 3, 105-6, Malaya 96-100, 108 189-91; on reporting 29, 30, Man Within, The 33 32, 67, 196-7 Mankiewicz, Joseph L. 136 Greene, Marion Raymond 3 Marxism 52, 57, 146, 177, 187-9, Guemica 50 191 Matthews, Ronald 87 Haiti 148--9, 151-9 Mau Mau 106-13, 133 Hanoi 125, 126 McCarran Act 94, 95, 96, 115 Heart of the Matter, The 79-90, 92, Mexico 33, 43-69, 145 101, 103, 104, 142, 193 MIS 72, 78 'Hint of An Explanation, MI6 78 The' 87-8, 89 Ministry of Fear, The 25, 32, 72-4, Ho Chi Minh 120, 121, 125-7, 82 129, 132, 138, 176 Monsignor Quixote 187-92 Honorary Consul, The 173-9, 181, Mortimer, John 69 182, 190 Moss, Geoffrey 13, 16 Human Factor, The 70, 192, 195-7 Muggeridge, Malcolm 70, 77 Hynes, Samuel 54 Naga Hills 116 Ingersoll, Ralph 76 Name of Action, The 17, 20, 33 Isherwood, Christopher 6, 29 New Britain, The 74 It's A Battlefield 21, 22, 24, 25, 39, Nicaragua 148, 164, 171 40, 41 Nicholson, Harold 1

James, Henry 27 Obando, Archbishop 172 John Gordon Society 185 Oberammergau 34 Johnstone, Richard 51 Obregon, General 46, 68 Journey Without Maps 7-10, 34 Old School, The 1, 2, 6, 7 Ortega, Daniel 170, 171 Kennedy, Senator John 124 Our Man In Havana 140, 141, Kenya 106-15, 138 142-5, 193 Kenyatta,Jomo 109,110,112,115 Oxford Outlook, The 13, 14, 15 Kikuyu 107-13, 115, 138 Oxford University 13 Kimathi, Dedan 109, 112 Panama 148, 163-81 LaFeber, Walter 166 Panama Canal Treaty 150, 164, Lari massacre 109 165, 167-70 Lawless Roads, The 44, 46, 47, 50, Paraguay 148, 174 52, 55, 58--63, 67, 68, 77 Paris (1934) 30-2, 39 Leroy, Colonel 118 Pastora, Eden 250 'Letter to a West German Pax Movement 136-8 Friend' 159-60 Phat Diem 118, 122, 124, 128, 136 216 Index

Philby, Kim 70, 77-9 Spellman, Cardinal 94, 124 Pinochet, General 168 Spender, Stephen 6, 28, 54 Plomer, William 1 Stamboul Train 20, 23, 25, 175 Poland 136-8, 146 Stroessner, General 148, 149, 168, Power and the Glory, The 52, 58-63, 174 64, 79, 82, 86, 154, 155 Pravda 136 Tabasco 44, 48, 50, 52, 63 Price, George 164, 170-1 The, General 119, 134 Priestley, J. B. 75--6 Third Man, The 88, 91-4, 103, 104, Pritchett, V. S. 51, 66, 76 105, 118, 183, 186 Pro, Father Miguel 46, 47, 51, 56 'Tick of the Clock, The' 84 Puerto Rico 139 Torrijos, General Omar 163, 164, 165-73, 177 Tracey, Michael 4 Quiet American, The 105, 117, 119, Travels With My Aunt 142, 149, 128-36 150, 182, 192 Trend, Prof. J. B. 53, 67 Reed, Carol 91, 93 Rhineland 13-15, 18 Unamuno, Miguel de 188, 192 Richmond, Kenneth 8, 190 of America 155, Roberts, Michael 54 156, 160, 162, 164, 166, 169, Rumour at Nightfall 17, 19, 20, 33, 170, 176 43 Upward, Edward 7 Viet Minh 121-38 Saigon 119 Vietnam 98-9, 117-38, 139, 159, San Antonio 49 162, 169, 176, 183, 185--6, 194, San Luis Potosi 48 197 San Salvador 164 Sandinistas 164, 170, 181 Waugh, Evelyn 19 Selznick, David 0. 92-3 Ways of Escape 32, 85, 118, 193 Sitwell, Osbert 65 Wee Willie Winkie 43 Somoza, Anastasio 172, 181, 183 Why Do I Write? 66 Soviet Union 160 Woolf, Virginia 6, 35, 105 Spain 50, 53-7, 63 28, 29, 33, 38