(IN)VISIBLE ENTREPRENEURS: CREATIVE ENTERPRISE in the URBAN MUSIC ECONOMY Joy White
(IN)VISIBLE ENTREPRENEURS: CREATIVE ENTERPRISE IN THE URBAN MUSIC ECONOMY Joy White A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Greenwich for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2014 DECLARATION “I certify that this work has not been accepted in substance for any degree, and is not concurrently being submitted for any degree other than that of Doctor of Philosophy being studied at the University of Greenwich. I also declare that this work is the result of my own investigations except where otherwise identified by references and that I have not plagiarised another’s work”. Signed: Signed: Dated: June 2014 ! "" ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge the unwavering support of my supervisors, Dr Gauti Sigthorsson and Dr Stephen Kennedy. In particular, for letting me know that this research project had value and that it was a worthwhile object of study. Also, Dawn, Maxine, Dean and Alvin who proofread the final drafts - without complaining and resisted the temptation to ask whether I’d finished it yet. Lindsey and Gamze, for their encouragement and support throughout all of the economic and social ups and downs during the life of this project. My mum, Ivaline White whose three-week journey in 1954 from Jamaica to London provided the foundation, and gave me the courage, to start and to finish this. My daughter Karis, who once she had embraced her position as a ‘PhD orphan’, grew up with the project, accompanied me while I presented at an academic conference in Turkey, matured and evolved into an able research assistant, drawing my attention to significant events, music and debates.
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