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2. Strategija Socijalne Uključenosti

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2. Strategija Socijalne Uključenosti IBHI Nezavisni biro za humanitarna pitanja Independent Bureau for Humanitarian Issues Safeta Hadžića 66A, 71000 Sarajevo Bosna i Hercegovina Tel: + 387 33 473 214 Fax: + 387 33 473 132 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.ibhibih.org Izdavač / Publisher Nezavisni biro za humanitarna pitanja - IBHI Urednica / Editor Ranka NINKOVIĆ-PAPIĆ Tehnički urednik / Technical Editor Dženan TRBIĆ Autori-ce / Authors Ana ABDELBASIT, Mira ĆUK, Demir IMAMOVIĆ, Ivan LOVRENOVIĆ, Žarko PAPIĆ, Vildana SELIMBEGOVIĆ, Azemina VUKOVIĆ Prevod / Translation Ana ABDELBASIT, Zemina BAHTO, Mirna KRŠLAK, Merima TAFRO Fotografija na naslovnoj strani / Cover page photo Damir ŠAGOLJ Dizajn naslovne strane / Cover design triptih, Sarajevo Štampa / Printing TDP d.o.o. Sarajevo Tiraž / Circulation 1000 Prvo izdanje / First Edition Sarajevo, februar/February 2009 Nezavisni biro za humanitarna pitanja (IBHI) zadržava autorska prava nad publikacijom. Citiranje navoda iz publikacije je dozvoljeno samo uz navođenje izvora: IBHI, Šta da se radi? Socijalna uključenost i civilno društvo – praktični koraci, (Sarajevo: IBHI, februar 2009. godine) The Independent Bureau for Humanitarian Issues (IBHI) reserves copyrights over this publication. Please cite source as: IBHI, What is to be Done? Social Inclusion and Civil Society – Practical Steps, (Sarajevo: IBHI, February 2009) Šta da se radi? Socijalna uključenost i civilno društvo – praktični koraci Sadržaj Ranka Ninković-Papić Predgovor ili pogled iznutra . 7 Azemina Vuković Jačanje civilnog društva: Naučene lekcije iz procesa pripreme BiH Strategije socijalnog uključivanja . 9 Žarko Papić Jačanje socijalnog uključivanja i NVO-a: Uloga NVO Fondacije za socijalno uključivanje . 32 Ana Abdelbasit 118 miliona koraka do saradnje . 55 Mira Ćuk Uloga i značaj lokalnih zajednica u procesu socijalnog uključivanja . 59 Demir Imamović Uloga civilnog društva u osiguranju i zaštiti prava na socijalnu uključenost . 76 Ivan Lovrenović Društvo manjina . 88 Vildana Selimbegović Mediji i civilno društvo: Kako ste danas, gospodine predsjedniče? . 94 IBHI …praktični koraci . 101 IBHI Rekli su… . 107 Predgovor ili pogled iznutra Šta je civilno društvo u Bosni i Hercegovini? To je ono što živimo, ono što radimo i ono nešto što nas povezuje. Postoji u svoj svojoj „veličini“ pitanja, nedoumica i strahova. Nećemo se ovdje, i sada, baviti definicijama kojih je mnoštvo „prihvatljivih“ i na kojima teorija počiva. Tokom proteklih 13 godina probali smo razne uvezene modele i, na kraju, zbunjeni i zasićeni (ne) naučenim lekcijama i greškama u koracima, stigli smo do faze „Šta da se radi?“. Civilno društvo u BiH nema prednosti, a ni mane. Međutim, ima zidove sagrađene od predrasuda i prepreke nametnute od onih koji ne razumiju, ne žele i ne prihvataju da postoji nešto drugo i drugačije. Može biti zanemareno, ignorisano, ali ne može biti izbrisano. Trenutni njegov uticaj na stvarne društvene tokove je toliko slab koliko su slabe njegove unutrašnje žile i nejaki partnerski odnosi. Često se stavlja znak jednakosti između nevladinih organizacija i civilnog društva. NVO-i jesu bitan, neodvojivi dio civilnog društva, ali ne jedan i jedini. Potrebno je otvoriti postojeći prostor civilnog društva za dijalog i partnerstvo unutar njega samog, kako bi bilo ozbiljno prihvaćeno u drugom, vanjskom, dijelu društva. Civilno društvo u društvu...? U čemu se sastoji njihova bliskost uprkos strahovitoj udaljenosti? U onome što je najprije upadljivo. Biti socijalno angažovan. Okrenuti se onome zbog koga postojimo, građaninu. Pretočiti riječi u akciju. Napraviti i najmanji korak, ali zajednički, za sve one koji, doista, od toga zavise. Bili oni rudari, penzioneri, osobe s invaliditetom, siromašni ili obespravljeni, i svi socijalno isključeni, imaju pravo na normalan i dostojanstven život daleko od margine na koju su gurnuti i ostavljeni. Moguće je uključivanje građana i u najšire društvene probleme, ali samo kroz konkretne aktivnosti. To je realan način i put kojim bi civilno društvo jačalo sopstveni uticaj i pomoglo demokratskom razvoju BiH. BH vlasti su inicirale pripremu Strategije socijalne uključenosti (SSU), što predstavlja važan korak u harmonizaciji socijalnog razvoja BiH sa standardima EU. Njena implementacija će zahtijevati značajnu ulogu civilnog društva, a posebno NVO sektora, njihov koordiniran razvoj i fokus na najugroženije grupe BH društva. Stoga, formiranje NVO Fondacije za 7 socijalno uključivanje u BiH (NVO FSU) je praktičan korak i predstavlja svojevrstan odgovor na realne potrebe marginalizovanih, odnosno socijalno isključenih, a i samog civilnog društva u BiH. To je mehanizam za jačanje uloge NVO-a u unapređenju pristupa socijalnom uključivanju, njihovom organizacionom jačanju i fokusiranju na stvarne potrebe socijalno isključenih. Proces strukturiranja i pozicioniranja NVO FSU u širi BH kontekst je baziran na punom učešću 22 aktera iz svih sektora (vladinog, nevladinog, privatnog, medija, donatora, itd.) i analizi primjera dobre prakse u zemljama regiona i EU. Ova publikacija nije „odgovor u boci“, niti rješenje za postojeću mutnu sliku našeg civilnog društva, ali je pokušaj da se svi odvojeni dijelovi ovog tijela dožive i žive kao cjelina. To je nada za novu budućnost civilnog društva u BiH i praktični koraci ka jačanju njegove uloge, značaja i uticaja na stvarno uključivanje u društvo. Vjerujemo da će vas autori ove publikacije odvesti u sasvim „novi svijet“ našeg civilnog društva, i pripadajuće mu realnosti, obojen nekim drugim svijetlim bojama. Njihova iskrenost će vas razoružati, a snaga argumenata i analiza izaziva želju za „ljepšim buđenjem“, makar i u ovom zamršenom kotlu. Bude nam nadu i daju vjeru da će mrak otići i da, ipak, postoji neko hrabar da nam pokaže da vrijedi svaki trenutak utrošen u borbu za promjene. Svaki korak napravljen za nas same je dragocjen. Evo moje tajne! Ona je veoma jednostavna. Dobro vidimo samo srcem. Suština je nevidljiva očima. Antoine de Saint – Exupéry (Mali princ) Ranka Ninković-Papić 8 Azemina Vuković JAČANJE CIVILNOG DRUŠTVA NAUČENE LEKCIJE IZ PROCESA PRIPREME BIH STRATEGIJE SOCIJALNOG UKLJUČIVANJA UVOD Bosna i Hercegovina je još uvijek, i pored značajnih pomaka koje je napravila u posljednjem desetljeću, suočena sa mnogobrojnim problemima od kojih siromaštvo i šire socijalno isključivanje pripadaju kategoriji najznačajnijih. Pored odanosti ideji da smanji siromaštvo i obezbijedi punu socijalnu sigurnost svim građanima, Bosna i Hercegovina je potpuno odana i ideji da ostvari preduslove za pridruživanje BiH Evropskoj Uniji. Iako principi socijalne politike EU, zbog drugačijeg ekonomskog statusa zemalja članica EU, i BiH, nisu u ovom trenutku u potpunosti primjenjivi, kod nas je potrebno, pored smanjenja siromaštva, obezbijediti i poštivanje osnova socijalne politike EU kako bi naše aktivnost u toj oblasti planirali u skladu sa tom politikom. Kako je u toku 2008. godine oficijelno završen mandat Srednjoročne razvojne strategije BiH 2004.-2007. (PRSP) BiH se nalazi u toku procesa pripreme novih strateških dokumenata: Strategije razvoja BiH (Country Development Strategy-CDS) 2008.-2013. i Strategije socijalne uključenosti (SSU). Proces izrade navedenih strateških dokumenata je odobren od Koordinacionog odbora za ekonomski razvoj i evropske integracije Vijeća ministara BiH, te je parafiranjem Sporazuma o stabilizaciji i pridruživanju Evropskoj Uniji dobio na značaju zbog predpristupnih aktivnosti, koje podrazumijevaju pripremu značajnog broja dokumenata čija osnova su gore pomenute strategije. Pored toga, značaj pomenutih strateških dokumenata je u tome što će isto tako predstavljati osnovu za Strateški okvir usklađenosti, potreban za planiranje IPA fondova (Instrument predpristupne pomoći/Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance-IPA) kada BiH postane zemlja kandidat1. Ove dvije strategije će također predstavljati osnovu za pripremu BiH Razvojnog plana (National Development Plan-NDP) i Zajedničkog Memoranduma o uključivanju (Joint Inclusion Memorandum- JIM) u periodu kada se na predpristupnom putu BiH ka EU steknu uslovi za to. Odgovornost za koordinaciju aktivnosti pripreme CDS i SSU je data Direkciji za ekonomsko planiranje BiH (DEP) pri čemu će se koordinacija odvijati u partnerstvu sa Vijećem 1 U skladu sa članom 14 Pravilnika broj 718/2007 koji implementira Vijeće za regulaciju (EC) broj 108/2006 uspostavljajući mehanizam za predpristupnu pomoć IPA. 9 ŠTA DA SE RADI? SOCIJALNA UKLJUčENOST I CIVILNO DRUŠTVO – PRAKTIčNI KORACI ministara BiH, Vladama Federacije, Republike Srpske i Brčko Distrikta BiH te velikim brojem učesnika vladinog sektora i civilnog društva. 1. SOCIJALNA POLITIKA EU BiH odana ideji članstva u EU i kao buduća članica obavezna je da preuzme sve vrijednosti i ispuni sve obaveze koje proističu iz te činjenice. Zbog toga SSU treba da definiše ciljeve i prioritete čija implementacija će imati za rezultat reformu socijalne politike u skladu sa odlukama i dokumentima EU. Integracijski cilj socijalne politike EU je poboljšanje životnih i radnih uslova, stimulisanje zapošljavanja, jednake šanse za sve i obezbjeđenje minimalne socijalne zaštite. Socijalna politika je sastavni dio ostvarenja slobode kretanja radnika. Principi su definirani u Ugovoru o osnivanju Evropske zajednice i Protokolu o socijalnoj politici.2 Način rada se zasniva na programima koje donosi Zajednica, koordinaciji i kooperaciji država-članica i usvajanju legislativnih mjera za unapređenje ujednačenosti nacionalnih propisa u oblasti socijalne politike. Koncept „socijalna dimenzija“ jedinstvenog tržišta se odnosi na napor
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