DOCSLIB.ORG

From the Sea to the Skin

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
From the Sea to the Skin From the sea to the skin How algae adaptations benefit skin & hair? Laure-Anne GILLON Summary Introduction I - Algae definition II- Types of algaes II - How can they benefit skin & hair Conclusion How algae adaptations benefit skin and hair - L-A Gillon - SCC Québec 10/23/18 Introduction The world of algaes Often experienced in “bad situations” (local lakes, green swimming pools, fishing holes, sea algaes when swimming,...) Primary importance: . Ecological role as oxygen producer . Food base for almost all aquatic life . Economically important as a source of crude oil Kombu . Source of food, pharmaceutical & industrial products for humans ...For food: ...Algae contents: . high protein content, vitamins & . agar, carrageenans,... Wakame minerals,... 100 species of marine algaes . can also be used as stabilizer consumed, especially in Asia. in food, paint, even cosmetic… . Main ones: brown kelps [Laminaria sp. Mostly produced in Chile & (Kombu) & Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame)] & red Asia algae [Porphyra sp.(Nori) & Gracilaria sp.] Nori Sources:https://www.veggie.news/2017-08-24-kombu-sources-health-ben → Why Algae can be so interesting for industry ? efits-nutrients-uses-and-constituents-at-naturalpedia-com.html https://www.flickr.com/photos/fotoosvanrobin/3644416895 https://www.sushi.com/articles/what-is-nori How algae adaptations benefit skin and hair - L-A Gillon - SCC Québec 10/23/18 Introduction The algae productivity Productivity of brown seaweeds is 6 to 10 times higher than land plants such as corn or sugar cane Brown seaweed Sugar Cane Corn 250 T © H- BIOTECHMARINE – FOTOLIA - GOODSHOOT 30 T 22 T Dry matter/Hectare Dry matter/Ha Dry matter/Ha How algae adaptations benefit skin and hair - L-A Gillon - SCC Québec 10/23/18 Introduction The algae diversity A WORLD TO EXPLORE! 13000 Only macroalgaes 50 of them identified used in cosmetics in the world ®BIOTECHMARINE How algae adaptations benefit skin and hair - L-A Gillon - SCC Québec 10/23/18 I. Algae definition How algae adaptations benefit skin and hair - L-A Gillon - SCC Québec 10/23/18 I. Algae definition How to define an algae "Algae" is a general term covering diversified organisms capable of producing oxygen through photosynthesis. Their photosynthetic pigments are more varied than those of plants, and their cells have features not found among plants & animals. Algaes are: - Eukaryotic organisms (with nucleus). Differentiates them from bacterias. - Autotrophs and more specifically photoautotrophs (use of light energy to generate nutrients). Differentiates them from protozoa and fungi. But can also be heterotrophs (can need some ®BIOTECHMARINE outside nutrients) → mixotrophy How algae adaptations benefit skin and hair - L-A Gillon - SCC Québec 10/23/18 I. Algae definition Photosynthesis ability SEAWEEDS use: . CO2 + Water + light → organic substances through photosynthesis . Inorganic nutrients issued of water (N,P,C, Si,...) . Minerals salts © BIOTECHMARINE Source: www.ck12.org How algae adaptations benefit skin and hair - L-A Gillon - SCC Québec 10/23/18 I. Algae definition What makes them different from plants? Unlike plants, algaes do not have tissue differentiation: - no true roots, stems or leaves - no vascular system for water circulation - no multicellular reproductive structures (plants always contain fertile gamete-producing cells surrounded by sterile cells), but reproduction by spore or cell division. Algaes are simple organisms (unicellular or more complex) which makes them able to evolve faster, survive in a wide diversity of environments & under numerous stresses. ex: Fast adaptation to climate change: with higher t°, water acidification leads to smaller algaes in size, dividing faster & producing more biomass. Colony of complex algaes: Volvox How algae adaptations benefit skin and hair - L-A Gillon - SCC Québec 10/23/18 I. Algae definition Wide diversity ASPECT .Size: microscopic or macroscopic. For example: Picoplankton are between 0.2 to 2 micrometers in diameter, while the fronds of giant kelp are as large as 60 meters (200 feet) in length. .Complexity: Unicellular (diatoms) or multicellular, can form colonies. Cells are generally similar, but some are differentiated for reproduction & for other functions. (Ex: air bladders to float) .Shape: filamentous, tubular, meshed, membranous,... .Colour: green, red, brown & blue ®HEOS MARINE - BIOTECHMARINE (depending on the pigments content). Seaweeds refer to macroscopic, Was first criteria used to classify the algaes. multicellular algaes. How algae adaptations benefit skin and hair - L-A Gillon - SCC Québec 10/23/18 I. Algae definition Wide diversity HABITAT . The majority of algaes lives in . Algaes can endure ranges of temperatures, oxygen or carbon dioxide concentrations, aquatic habitats: freshwater & acidity, turbidity, osmotic & water pressures, saltwater. waves,... Some are also able to survive on Example: Giant kelps are found more than 200 . land, or unexpected places: tree meters below the polar ice sheets, while the trunks, animal fur, snow banks, hot unicellular green algal species Dunaliella salina is found in very salty (hypersaline) environments ®BIOTECHMARINE springs, desert,... such as the Dead Sea. SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS Example: Some algaes can form symbiotic relationships with other organisms,for example non One provides the other provides an energy source a new habitat photosynthetic ones (sponges, mollusks, fungi,...). How algae adaptations benefit skin and hair - L-A Gillon - SCC Québec 10/23/18 II. Types of algaes How algae adaptations benefit skin and hair - L-A Gillon - SCC Québec 10/23/18 II. Types of Algaes Micro-algae: a huge marine source MICRO-ALGAE are also known as phytoplankton . Unicellular: exist individually or in chains or groups. 5 µm (Chlorella) to >100 µm (Spirulina) . Mobility in water . Extreme diversity but less than 30,000 are described in literature & only few are used. Produce 50% of the Earth oxygen, but marine vegetal biomass is weaker than terrestrial one as marine predation use quickly the micro-algaes production (phytoplankton, zooplankton, fishs ..) source: http://www.ecology.com/2011/09/12/important-organism/ . Strong intrinsic productivity of micro-algae, up to 10 times Estimation of 200,000 those of terrestre one (100t/ha/year) to 1 million species & this new .Production facilities being under the scope of many companies world is being more explored How algae adaptations benefit skin and hair - L-A Gillon - SCC Québec 10/23/18 II. Types of Algaes Macroalgaes 13,000 marine species all over the world (50 species used in cosmetics) . Old & large vegetal group . Well localized production, lives under environmental fluctuations . Commonly seen on the seashores, they cover most of . Easy to harvest aquatic & not deep fields (salted or not water) as they need light for . Biomass (different to terrestrial one) photosynthesis. rich in water, polysaccharides, sulfated ingredients, . They grow primarily in the anti-microbial ingredients,... intertidal zone (the area that is above water at low tide and under water at high . Capacity to filtrate water & tide) to concentrate its elements. ®BIOTECHMARINE How algae adaptations benefit skin and hair - L-A Gillon - SCC Québec 10/23/18 II. Types of Algaes > Green Macroalgaes CHLOROPHYTA group, 8000 sp. Green macro algae: small & thin-layered algae found towards the top of the water column, mainly in fresh water. Pigments: chlorophyll a & b (give its green color), α, β-carotene, lutein . Generally rich in minerals (Ca-Mg-PH-), stores polysaccharides (ulvan, glucuronic acid, fucoidan) . Expected to secrete less bioactives than brown & red algae, with less 300 molecules identified up-to-date. Mainly terpenoids as secondary metabolites ®HEOS MARINE - BIOTECHMARINE How algae adaptations benefit skin and hair - L-A Gillon - SCC Québec 10/23/18 II. Types of Algaes > Red Macroalgaes RHODOPHYTA group, 3700 sp. Pigments: chlorophyll a,d; a, phycoerythrin, phycocyanin (phycobiliproteins), α, β-carotene. Phycoerythrin pigment reflects red light & absorbs blue light (penetrating water to a greater depth). → Red algae can photosynthesize & live at greater depths. Particularly rich in phycocolloids (especially agar agar, carrageenans), vitamins . Expected to secrete many bioactives & secondary metabolites (terpenoids, alkaloids, polyphenols…), with more than 1500 molecules already identified: > All bioactives are present except phlorotannins > Main bioactives are isoprenoide & acetogenin ®HEOS MARINE - BIOTECHMARINE How algae adaptations benefit skin and hair - L-A Gillon - SCC Québec 10/23/18 II. Types of Algaes > Brown Macroalgaes PHAEOPHYTA group, 1500 sp. Brown macroalgae, known as kelp shades, tend to be very large & olive green or brown in colour due to abundance of fucoxanthin in the plastids. Pigments: chlorophyll a & c, fucoxanthin, β-carotene, lutein . Generally rich in hydrocolloids (special algae sugars), polyphenols, iodine. Expected to secrete many bioactives & secondary metabolites such as terpenoids, alkaloids,polyphenols . Complex anatomy: only superficial cells are photosynthetic . The most evolved category (endosymbiosis of red/green algaes), → the more content. ®HEOS MARINE - BIOTECHMARINE How algae adaptations benefit skin and hair - L-A Gillon - SCC Québec 10/23/18 III. How can algae benefit skin & hair? How algae adaptations benefit skin and hair - L-A Gillon - SCC Québec 10/23/18 III. How algae benefits skin & hair Stressful environment leading to adaptation ALGAE are facing many STRESSES 1. Light 2.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Icelandic Geothermal Kelp – Specifications
    Icelandic Geothermal Kelp – Specifications Laminaria digitata Certified 100% Organic PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Species Laminaria digitata Plant Part Milled Sea Vegetation (whole thallus) Processing Method Sustainable harvest, controlled geothermal low-temperature drying Country of Origin Iceland Primary Active Phytonutrients, Iodine and other micronutrients Recommended Daily Serving 50 milligrams* Particle Size Granules and Powder Color Green Aroma Mild marine odor Taste Salty Storage Dry area Shelf Life Best used within 60-months Packaging 25 kg. (55 lbs.); Multi-walled Kraft bag; easy-pour spout Certificates Certified 100% Organic by QAI; Certified Kosher by Star-K ANALYSIS Activity 2500-7500 ppm (0.25 – 0.75%) Iodine Moisture NMT 10% Test Methods Ash NMT 50% Lead NMT 5 ppm ICP-MS Inorganic Arsenic NMT 30 ppm IC-ICP-MS Cadmium NMT 1.5 ppm ICP-MS Mercury NMT 0.05 ppm ICP-MS Aerobic Plate Count <10,000 CFU/g FDA BAM 3 Total Coliform <1,000 CFU/g FDA BAM 4 Microbial E. coli N/D (<10 CFU/g) FDA BAM 4 Salmonella Negative (ND/25g) AOAC-989.09 Yeast/Mold <2,500 CFU/g each FDA BAM 18 Thorvin contains over 60 minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and beneficial phytonutrients. Thorvin is a 100% natural organic marine algae product; therefore, a specific laboratory analysis may vary from the typical analysis due to naturally occurring fluctuations in the sea plant. The information presented above is believed to be accurate and reliable; however, Thorvin, Inc. makes no warranty, either express or implied, and assumes no liability for this information and the product described herein. These are averages and are not guaranteed as conditions of sale.
    [Show full text]
  • Modelling Potential Production and Environmental Effects Of
    Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2017-195 Manuscript under review for journal Biogeosciences Discussion started: 14 June 2017 c Author(s) 2017. CC BY 3.0 License. Modelling potential production and environmental effects of macroalgae farms in UK and Dutch coastal waters Johan van der Molen1,2, Piet Ruardij2, Karen Mooney4, Philip Kerrison5, Nessa E. O'Connor4, Emma Gorman4, Klaas Timmermans3, Serena Wright1, Maeve Kelly5, Adam D. Hughes5, Elisa Capuzzo1 5 1The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, NR33 0HT, UK 2NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Dept. of Coastal Systems and Utrecht University, Den Burg, 1797 SZ, The Netherlands 3NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Dept. of Estuarine and Delta Systems and Utrecht University, Yerseke, 4401 NT, The Netherlands 10 4Queen’s University, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK 5The Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Oban, PA37 1QA, UK Correspondence to: Johan van der Molen ([email protected], [email protected]) Abstract. There is increasing interest in macroalgae farming in European waters for a range of applications, including food, chemical extraction and as biofuels. This study uses a 3D numerical model of hydrodynamics and biogeochemistry to 15 investigate potential production and environmental effects of macroalgae farming in UK and Dutch coastal waters. The model included four experimental farms in different coastal settings in Strangford Lough (Northern Ireland), in Sound of Kerrera and Lynn of Lorne (northwest Scotland), and in the Rhine Plume (The Netherlands), as well as a hypothetical large- scale farm off the UK north Norfolk coast.
    [Show full text]
  • Download PDF Version
    MarLIN Marine Information Network Information on the species and habitats around the coasts and sea of the British Isles Dabberlocks (Alaria esculenta) MarLIN – Marine Life Information Network Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Review Dr Harvey Tyler-Walters 2008-05-29 A report from: The Marine Life Information Network, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Please note. This MarESA report is a dated version of the online review. Please refer to the website for the most up-to-date version [https://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/1291]. All terms and the MarESA methodology are outlined on the website (https://www.marlin.ac.uk) This review can be cited as: Tyler-Walters, H., 2008. Alaria esculenta Dabberlocks. In Tyler-Walters H. and Hiscock K. (eds) Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews, [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.17031/marlinsp.1291.1 The information (TEXT ONLY) provided by the Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own terms and conditions and they may or may not be available for reuse. Permissions beyond the scope of this license are available here. Based on a work at www.marlin.ac.uk (page left blank) Date: 2008-05-29 Dabberlocks (Alaria esculenta) - Marine Life Information Network See online review for distribution map Exposed sublittoral fringe bedrock with Alaria esculenta, Isles of Scilly.
    [Show full text]
  • And Red Sea Urchins
    NEGATIVELY CORRELATED ABUNDANCE SUGGESTS COMPETITION BETWEEN RED ABALONE (Haliotis rufescens) AND RED SEA URCHINS (Mesocentrotus franciscanus) INSIDE AND OUTSIDE ESTABLISHED MPAs CLOSED TO COMMERCIAL SEA URCHIN HARVEST IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA By Johnathan Centoni A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Humboldt State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Biology Committee Membership Dr. Sean Craig, Committee Chair Dr. Brian Tissot, Committee Member Dr. Paul Bourdeau, Committee Member Dr. Joe Tyburczy, Committee Member Dr. Erik Jules, Program Graduate Coordinator May 2018 ABSTRACT NEGATIVELY CORRELATED ABUNDANCE SUGGESTS COMPETITION BETWEEN RED ABALONE (Haliotis rufescens) AND RED SEA URCHINS (Mesocentrotus franciscanus) INSIDE AND OUTSIDE ESTABLISHED MPAs CLOSED TO COMMERCIAL SEA URCHIN HARVEST IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA Johnathan Centoni Red abalone and sea urchins are both important herbivores that potentially compete with each other for resources like food and space along the California coast. Red abalone supported a socioeconomically important recreational fishery during this study (which was closed in 2018) and red sea urchins support an important commercial fishery. Both red sea urchins and red abalone feed on the same macroalgae (including Pterygophora californica, Laminaria setchellii, Stephanocystis osmundacea, Costaria costata, Alaria marginata, Nereocystis leutkeana), and a low abundance of this food source during the period of this project may have created a highly competitive environment for urchins and abalone. Evidence that suggests competition between red abalone and red sea urchins can be seen within data collected during the years of this study (2014-2016): a significantly higher red sea urchin density, concomitant with a significantly lower red abalone density, was observed within areas closed to commercial sea urchin harvest (in MPAs) compared to nearby reference areas open to sea urchin harvest.
    [Show full text]
  • Optimization of Seedling Production Using Vegetative Gametophytes Of
    Optimization of seedling production using vegetative gametophytes of Alaria esculenta Aires Duarte Mestrado em Biologia Funcional e Biotecnologia de Plantas Departamento de Biologia 2017 Orientador Isabel Sousa Pinto, associate professor, CIIMAR Coorientador Jorunn Skjermo, Senior Scientist, SINTEF OCEAN 2 3 Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to: professor Isabel Sousa Pinto of Universidade do Porto and senior research scientist Jorunn Skjermo of SINTEF ocean. From the beginning I had an interest to work aboard with macroalgae, after talking with prof. Isabel Sousa Pinto about this interest, she immediately suggested me a few places that I could look over. One of the suggestions was SINTEF ocean where I got to know Jorunn Skjermo. The door to Jorunn’s office was always open whenever I ran into a trouble spot or had a question about my research. She consistently allowed this study to be my own work, but steered me in the right the direction whenever she thought I needed it. Thank you!! I want to thank Isabel Azevedo, Silje Forbord and Kristine Steinhovden for all the guidance provided in the beginning and until the end of my internship. I would also like to thank the experts who were involved in the different subjects of my research project: Arne Malzahn, Torfinn Solvang-Garten, Trond Storseth and to the amazing team of SINTEF ocean. I also want to thank my master’s director professor Paula Melo, who was a relentless person from the first day, always taking care of her “little F1 plants”. A huge thanks to my fellows Mónica Costa, Fernando Pagels and Leonor Martins for all the days and nights that we spent working and studying hard.
    [Show full text]
  • Seaweed Harvesting and Processing
    FISHERIES DIVERSIFICATION PROGRAM Productivity and Product Enhancement Project Summary: FDP 17 2002 Sea Kelp Health Products Developed and Marketing Goals Pursued This project involves the marketing and development of certain types of seaweed or kelp found near Ramea as new health food products. This project assisted Newfoundland Aqua Products Inc. (NAPI) with the design and con- struction of a prototype food grade product shredder, the hiring of a full-time marketing person and improvements to the company website - www.nfkelp.com. Background Newfoundland Aqua Products Inc. produced and sold the first encapsulated marine plant One of many kelp products available. nutritional supplements every manufactured in Newfoundland at Ramea in 1998. From the Methodology harvesting to the bottling and labeling, all This company has been inspected and is reg- aspects of the creation of these new kelp ulated by the Canadian Food Inspection products were completed in this province. Agency. Their harvesting sites and process- One main goal since those times has been to ing methods are Certified Organic. The try and secure a number of contracts with dis- species available in commercial quantities tributors and manufacturers for their products are Laminaria digitata, Ascophyllum under the SeaviteTM name. The company nodosum, fucus species and alaria esculenta. also sought others who would be interested in The company employs up to 11 people who buying bulk amounts of their products. The harvest the marine vegetables with knives company has been told by a number of busi- and scissors. The company has been careful ness contacts that the marine plant industry to develop a harvesting plan based on an has great potential and is just at the start of its approved crop rotation system with a strong growth potential as people accept marine priority on sustainability.
    [Show full text]
  • Safety Assessment of Brown Algae-Derived Ingredients As Used in Cosmetics
    Safety Assessment of Brown Algae-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics Status: Draft Report for Panel Review Release Date: August 29, 2018 Panel Meeting Date: September 24-25, 2018 The 2018 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel members are: Chair, Wilma F. Bergfeld, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Donald V. Belsito, M.D.; Ronald A. Hill, Ph.D.; Curtis D. Klaassen, Ph.D.; Daniel C. Liebler, Ph.D.; James G. Marks, Jr., M.D.; Ronald C. Shank, Ph.D.; Thomas J. Slaga, Ph.D.; and Paul W. Snyder, D.V.M., Ph.D. The CIR Executive Director is Bart Heldreth, Ph.D. This report was prepared by Lillian C. Becker, former Scientific Analyst/Writer and Priya Cherian, Scientific Analyst/Writer. © Cosmetic Ingredient Review 1620 L Street, NW, Suite 1200 ♢ Washington, DC 20036-4702 ♢ ph 202.331.0651 ♢ fax 202.331.0088 [email protected] Distributed for Comment Only -- Do Not Cite or Quote Commitment & Credibility since 1976 Memorandum To: CIR Expert Panel Members and Liaisons From: Priya Cherian, Scientific Analyst/Writer Date: August 29, 2018 Subject: Safety Assessment of Brown Algae as Used in Cosmetics Enclosed is the Draft Report of 83 brown algae-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. (It is identified as broalg092018rep in this pdf.) This is the first time the Panel is reviewing this document. The ingredients in this review are extracts, powders, juices, or waters derived from one or multiple species of brown algae. Information received from the Personal Care Products Council (Council) are attached: • use concentration data of brown algae and algae-derived ingredients (broalg092018data1, broalg092018data2, broalg092018data3); • Information regarding hydrolyzed fucoidan extracted from Laminaria digitata has been included in the report.
    [Show full text]
  • Changes in Subtidal Community Structure Associated with British Columbia Sea Otter Transplants*
    Vol. 7: 13-20, 1982 MARINE ECOLOGY - PROGRESS SERIES Published January 1 Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. Changes in Subtidal Community Structure Associated with British Columbia Sea Otter Transplants* Paul A. Breenl, Trudy A. Carson2,J. Bristol ~oste9and E. Anne Stewart3 ' Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Resource Services Branch, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo. Brltish Columbia V9R SK6, Canada Ecological Reserves Unit, Ministry of Lands, Parks & Housing. Victoria, British Columbia. Canada Box 26, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada ABSTRACT: Sea otters Enhydra Iutris were re-introduced into coastal waters of British Columbia, Canada, in 1969-1972, after being hunted to extinction In the previous 2 centuries. In 1979, we visited an area where 55 individuals had been seen in 1978, and we made subtidal observations of the abundance and distribution of red sea urchins, other grazers, and kelps. Earlier observations, made in the area before sea otters were re-introduced, confirmed that changes have taken place in subtidal communities since the re-introduction. Where sea otters had been observed feeding, sea urchins Strongylocentrotus franciscanus were scarce and restricted to crevices or beneath boulders, other grazers were scarce, and kelps colonized the bottom to 10-m depths. The algal communities in these areas appeared to be simple downward extensions of sublittoral fringe communities. Where sea otters had not fed, kelps were limited to shallow water by abundant sea urchins. The observed differences between the 2 types of areas are concluded to have been caused by early ellmlnation of sea urchins by sea otters, as reported in Alaska and California. From the pattern of sea urchin abundance in the general area of the transplant, we were able to delineate the feeding range of this small population of sea otters.
    [Show full text]
  • Kelp Aquaculture
    Aquaculture in Shared Waters Kelp Aquaculture Sarah Redmond1 ; Samuel Belknap2 ; Rebecca Clark Uchenna3 “Kelp” are large brown marine macroalgae species native to New England and traditionally wild harvested for food. There are three commercially important kelp species in Maine—sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima), winged kelp (Alaria esculenta), and horsetail kelp (Laminaria digitata). Maine is developing techniques for culturing kelp on sea farms as a way for fishermen and farmers to diversify their operations while providing a unique, high quality, nutritious vegetable seafood for new and existing markets. Kelp is grown on submerged horizontal long lines on leased sea farms from September to May, making it a “winter crop” for Maine. The simple farm design, winter season, and relatively low startup costs allow for new and existing sea farmers to experiment with this newly developing type of aquaculture on Maine’s coast. “Kelp” can refer to sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima), Alaria (Alaria esculenta), or horsetail kelp (Laminaria digitata). Sugar kelp has been cultivated in Maine for several years, and successful experimental cultivation has been done with species such as Alaria. These photos are examples of the cultivation stages of sugar kelp. Microscopic Seeded kelp line Kelp line at time of kelp seed harvest 1 Sarah Redmond • Marine Extension Associate, Maine Sea Grant College Program and University of Maine Cooperative Extension 33 Salmon Farm Road Franklin, ME • 207.422.6289 • [email protected] 2 Samuel Belknap • University of Maine • 234C South Stevens Hall Orono, ME • 207.992.7726 • [email protected] 3 Rebecca Clark Uchenna • Island Institute • Rockland, ME • 207.691.2505 • [email protected] Is there a viable market for Q: kelps grown in Maine? aine is home to a handful of consumers are looking for healthier industry, the existing producers and Mcompanies that harvest sea alternatives.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Text in Pdf Format
    Vol. 9: 57–71, 2017 AQUACULTURE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS Published February 8§ doi: 10.3354/aei00215 Aquacult Environ Interact OPEN ACCESS Successional changes of epibiont fouling communities of the cultivated kelp Alaria esculenta: predictability and influences A. M. Walls1,*, M. D. Edwards1, L. B. Firth2, M. P. Johnson1 1Irish Seaweed Research Group, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland 2School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Science, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK ABSTRACT: There has been an increase in commercial-scale kelp cultivation in Europe, with fouling of cultivated kelp fronds presenting a major challenge to the growth and development of the industry. The presence of epibionts decreases productivity and impacts the commercial value of the crop. Several abiotic and biotic factors may influence the occurrence and degree of fouling of wild and cultivated fronds. Using a commercial kelp farm on the SW coast of Ireland, we studied the development of fouling communities on cultivated Alaria esculenta fronds over 2 typical grow- ing seasons. The predictability of community development was assessed by comparing mean occurrence-day. Hypotheses that depth, kelp biomass, position within the farm and the hydrody- namic environment affect the fouling communities were tested using species richness and com- munity composition. Artificial kelp mimics were used to test whether local frond density could affect the fouling communities. Species richness increased over time during both years, and spe- cies composition was consistent over years with early successional communities converging into later communities (no significant differences between June 2014 and June 2015 communities, ANOSIM; R = −0.184, p > 0.05).
    [Show full text]
  • Conditions for Staggering and Delaying Outplantings of the Kelps Saccharina Latissima and Alaria Marginata for Mariculture
    Conditions for staggering and delaying outplantings of the kelps Saccharina latissima and Alaria marginata for mariculture Item Type Article Authors Raymond, Amy E. T.; Stekoll, Michael S. Citation Raymond, A. E. T., & Stekoll, M. S. (2021). Conditions for staggering and delaying outplantings of the kelps Saccharina latissima and Alaria marginata for mariculture. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/ jwas.12846 Publisher Wiley Journal Journal of the World Aquaculture Society Download date 24/09/2021 01:39:14 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/12242 Received: 8 July 2020 Revised: 29 July 2021 Accepted: 2 August 2021 DOI: 10.1111/jwas.12846 APPLIED STUDIES Conditions for staggering and delaying outplantings of the kelps Saccharina latissima and Alaria marginata for mariculture Ann E. T. Raymond1 | Michael S. Stekoll2 1University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Center, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Juneau, Alaska, USA 2University of Alaska Southeast and UAF Juneau Center, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Juneau, Alaska, USA Correspondence Ann E. T. Raymond, Jamestown S'Klallam Abstract Tribe Natural Resources Department, 1033 We describe a method for production of kelp using Old Blyn Hwy, Sequim, WA 98382 meiospore seeding creating flexibility for extended storage Email: [email protected] time prior to outplanting. One bottleneck to expansion of Funding information the kelp farming industry is the lack of flexibility in timing of Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Grant/Award Number: seeded twine production, which is dependent on the fertility NA18OAR4170078; Blue Evolution of wild sporophytes. We tested methods to slow gameto- phyte growth and reproduction of early life stages by manipulating temperature of the kelp Saccharina latissima.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Environmental Conditions Update Report
    ISLANDMAGEE GAS STORAGE FACILITY Marine Environmental Conditions Update Report IBE1600/Rpt/01 Marine Environmental Conditions Update F02 9 December 2019 rpsgroup.com ISLANDMAGEE GAS STORAGE FACILITY Document status Version Purpose of document Authored by Reviewed by Approved by Review date D01 Marine Licencing DH MB AGB 29/10/2019 F01 Marine Licencing DH MB AGB 31/10/2019 F02 Marine Licencing DH MB AGB 09/12/2019 Approval for issue AGB 9 December 2019 © Copyright RPS Group Plc. All rights reserved. The report has been prepared for the exclusive use of our client and unless otherwise agreed in writing by RPS Group Plc, any of its subsidiaries, or a related entity (collectively 'RPS'), no other party may use, make use of, or rely on the contents of this report. The report has been compiled using the resources agreed with the client and in accordance with the scope of work agreed with the client. No liability is accepted by RPS for any use of this report, other than the purpose for which it was prepared. The report does not account for any changes relating to the subject matter of the report, or any legislative or regulatory changes that have occurred since the report was produced and that may affect the report. RPS does not accept any responsibility or liability for loss whatsoever to any third party caused by, related to or arising out of any use or reliance on the report. RPS accepts no responsibility for any documents or information supplied to RPS by others and no legal liability arising from the use by others of opinions or data contained in this report.
    [Show full text]