DOCSLIB.ORG

309 Vol. 1 People's Republic of China

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

E- 309 VOL. 1 PEOPLE'SREPUBLIC OF CHINA Public Disclosure Authorized HEBEI PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT HEBEI URBANENVIRONMENT PROJECT MANAGEMENTOFFICE HEBEI URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT SUMMARY Public Disclosure Authorized January2000 Center for Environmental Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beiyuan Anwai BEIJING 100012 PEOPLES' REPUBLIC OF CHINA Phone: 86-10-84915165 Email: [email protected] Public Disclosure Authorized Table of Contents I. Introduction..................................... 3 II. Project Description ..................................... 4 III. Baseline Data .................................... 4 IV. Environmental Impacts.................................... 8 V. Alternatives ................................... 16 VI. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan ................................... 16 VII. Public Consultation .17 VIII. Conclusions.18 List of Tables Table I ConstructionScale and Investment................................................. 3 Table 2 Characteristicsof MunicipalWater Supply Components.............................................. 4 Table 3 Characteristicsof MunicipalWaste Water TreatmentComponents .............................. 4 Table 4 BaselineData ................................................. 7 Table 5 WaterResources Allocation and Other Water Users................................................. 8 Table 6 Reliabilityof Water Qualityand ProtectionMeasures ................................................. 8 Table 7 WasteWater Treatmentand Benefitsfor ReceivingWater System.............................. 9 Table 8 SludgeUtilization and Disposal................................................. 9 Table 9 Odor Emissionand ProtectiveMeasures in WWTPs................................................. 9 Table 10 Environmentaland Social Benefits.11 Table I I AdverseEnvironmental Impacts and MitigationMeasures .12 2 6 I I. Introduction Hebei Province will seek US$ 150 million from the World Bank to develop the Hebei Urban Environmental Project, which includes water supply projects in Tangshan and Handan cities, and wastewater treatment projects in Shijiazhuang, Tangshan and Handan cities. The total investment is RMB 2,6 billion, of which US$150.0 million will come from the World Bank loan, while the rest will be raised by corresponding host cities. Table 1 summarizes the basic information of the project components. Table I ConstructionScale and Investment Size Investment ProjectOwner Componentof Prqeds m3/d (billionRMB) ShijiazhuangMunicipal Wastewater Treatment 500,000 1.07 Shijiazhuang Wastewater TreatmentCompany TangshanCentral Water Supply 150,000 0.43 TangshanTap Water Company TangshanWest SuburbMunicipal Wastewater 120,000 0.30 TangshanWastewater Treatment TreatmentPlant No.2 Company HandanMunicipal Water Supply 100,000 0.42 HandanTap Water Company HandanWest MunicipalWastewater Treatment 100,000 0.38 Handan Wastewater Treatment Plant Company Shijiazhuang, Tangshan and Handan are located in the Hai River Basin. The Hai River syst:emis experiencing serious water pollution due to large amount of wastewater discharged directly to watercourses without treatment. The water pollution control plan for the basin has been enlisted in the Comprehensive Water Pollution Control Plan for Three Rivers (Huai River, Hai River and Liao River) and Three Lakes (Chao Lake, Tai Lake and Dianchi Lake), issued by the State Environrnental Protection Administration (SEPA) of China. Based on the Circular on Strengthening Environmental Impact Assessment Management for Construction Projects Financed by International Financial Organizations (Huanjianzi [1993] No.. 324) and requirements of the 'Operational Policy 4.01: Environmental Assessment (OP4.01 )', the PMO of the Hebei Urban Environmental Project required that the sub-project host cities entrust environmental assessment institutions to compile environmental impact assessment reports for the individual sub-projects. The PMO has also entrusted the Center for Environmental Assessment (CEA) of the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES) to compile the Environmental Impact Assessment Report of the overall Hebei Urban Environmental Project (HUEP). The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) reports for Tangshan urban environmental project were compiled by the CREAS, and the EIA reports for Shijiazhuang and Handan urban environmental projects are by the North China Civil Design and Research Academy (NCCDRA), in accordance with TOR for EIAs approved by State Environmental Protection Administration (SF,PA). The EIA for individual sub-projects are categorized as Class B. TORs of the overall EIA has passed technical review and approval of SEPA. The category of the overall EIA of the Prcject is determined to be Class B. The overall EIA report (draft) was compiled on the basis of the EIA reports of the individual sub-projects and submitted to the World Bank mission for reviewing in Oct. 1998. 3 The EIA report (final version) bas been approved by the SEPA in November 1999, in which significant attention was paid to the concerns of the World Bank missions. II. Project Description The characteristics of the water supply and wastewater treatment components of the HUEP are summarized in Table 2 and Table 3 respectively. Table 2 Characteristics of Municipal Water Supply Components Item Tangshan Handan Water source Douhereservoir, with water comingfrom Yuechengreservoir, a trans-provincereservoir Panjiakouand Daheitingreservoirs, Water intake Water intake pump station with a Gravitywater intake(existing facility) capacity of 165 000 m3/d Water conveypipeline 19km in length 56 km in length Purification Location Northwestof TangshanCity Within the existingTiexi water plant plant Capacity, 150000 100000 mi/d Process Conventionalpurification process with Conventionalpurification process with sludgetreatment sludge treatment Distributingpipeline . Main distributingpipeline is 11.0 km in Maindistributing pipeline is 38.3km in length. length Distributingnet to be updated is 61.29 km in length respectively Water quality Class II ClassII Trophiclevel Meso-eutrophication Meso-trophic Water sourceprotection Douhe reservoir is designated as Point pollutionsources in upstreamarea of the Dam are protectionzone for drinkingwater source controlledto a certainextent I in 1994 I Table 3 Characteristics of Municipal Waste Water Treatment Components Item Shijiazhuang Tangshan Handan Upgradingof Modifythe West Bridgecombined Extendthe existing Improvethe wastewater Wastewatercollection systemand EastBridge combined wastewatercollection collectionsystem in the system systeminto separatesystems, and systemin westem part of northwestpart of urbanarea, newly buildChangan separate system the centralarea andupgrade the north wastewaterpump station Capacity,Ud 500 000 120000 t 100000 Treatmentprocess Secondarytreatment, conventional Secondarytreatment with secondarytreatment with activatedsludge with nitrification conventionalactivated oxidationditch sludge Servicearea, km' 100 29.84 Beneficialpopulation 1,300,000 429,000 420,000 Wastewaterestimation, 700 000-750 000 (2000) 156000 m'ld (2005) 130000 - 160000 m'/d (2005) m3/d (year) Effluentdrainage Xiao River QinglongheRiver Qin River (receivingriver) Sludgedisposal Landfill Landfill,partially for Landfill composite fertilizer Foul odormitigation Bufferbelt Bufferbelt Bufferbelt III. Baseline Data Shijiazhuang City: Shijiazhuang city is the capital of Hebei Province, and one of the key industrial bases in North China with major industries in textile, construction material, coal and metallurgy. 4 The Futuo and Xiao Rivers are two major water courses near by the urban area. The Xiao River flows eastward through the south of urban and converges into Fuyang River at Aixin village site downstream of Handan city. The Xiao received municipal and industrial wastewater from the counties and cities along its course. Wastewater in Shijiazhuang urban area is almost entirely discharged into the Xiao through the Dongming channel, Ximing channel, and the master drainage channel. The Xiao has become a de facto wastewater discharge channel. Artificial channels in this area are the Shijin channel, Dongming channel, Ximing channel, Ximing channel Yuanmingcun channel and the master drainage channel, all of which are a part of the combined system. Monitoring data collected during the period of 1994A1996 show that water quality of the Xiao is not in compliance with Class V with water quality parameter of DO, CODcr,BOD 5, volatile phenol and oil. However, the concentration of heavy metals meet standards for Class V. The monitoring data collected at the section between the master drainage charnel and Shiban bridge on the Xiao River from November 1997 to March 1998 confirms this. There are four drainage systems serving urban areas, the West Bridge sewerage system, East Bridge sewerage system, Changan sewerage system, and the North drainage system of Shijin channel, none of which are completely separate system. The total length of open channels amount to 37.443 kin, and flood-proof dikes amount to 32 km. There are 20 sewage pump stations. Tangshan City Tangshan is one of the largest industrial cities in Hebei Province. The hydrologic region of TIangshanis divided into the Luan River basin, Shadou River basin and Jiyunhe Canal collective respectively. The Douhe river crosses the central area from north to south, and flows into the Bohai Bay. The main stream length of the
Recommended publications
  • The Functional Structure Convergence of China's Coastal Ports

    The Functional Structure Convergence of China's Coastal Ports

    sustainability Article The Functional Structure Convergence of China’s Coastal Ports Wei Wang 1,2,3, Chengjin Wang 1,* and Fengjun Jin 1 1 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; [email protected] (W.W.); [email protected] (F.J.) 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 6 September 2017; Accepted: 23 November 2017; Published: 28 November 2017 Abstract: Functional structure is an important part of a port system, and can reflect the resource endowments and economic development needs of the hinterland. In this study, we investigated the transportation function of coastal ports in China from the perspective of cargo structure using a similarity coefficient. Our research considered both adjacent ports and hub ports. We found that the transportation function of some adjacent ports was very similar in terms of outbound structure (e.g., Qinhuangdao and Huanghua) and inbound structure (e.g., Huanghua and Tangshan). Ports around Bohai Bay and the port group in the Yangtze River Delta were the most competitive areas in terms of outbound and inbound structure, respectively. The major contributors to port similarity in different regions varied geographically due to the different market demands and cargo supplies. For adjacent ports, the functional convergence of inbound structure was more serious than the outbound. The convergence between hub ports was more serious than between adjacent ports in terms of both outbound and inbound structure. The average similarity coefficients displayed an increasing trend over time.
  • Appendix 1: Rank of China's 338 Prefecture-Level Cities

    Appendix 1: Rank of China's 338 Prefecture-Level Cities

    Appendix 1: Rank of China’s 338 Prefecture-Level Cities © The Author(s) 2018 149 Y. Zheng, K. Deng, State Failure and Distorted Urbanisation in Post-Mao’s China, 1993–2012, Palgrave Studies in Economic History, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92168-6 150 First-tier cities (4) Beijing Shanghai Guangzhou Shenzhen First-tier cities-to-be (15) Chengdu Hangzhou Wuhan Nanjing Chongqing Tianjin Suzhou苏州 Appendix Rank 1: of China’s 338 Prefecture-Level Cities Xi’an Changsha Shenyang Qingdao Zhengzhou Dalian Dongguan Ningbo Second-tier cities (30) Xiamen Fuzhou福州 Wuxi Hefei Kunming Harbin Jinan Foshan Changchun Wenzhou Shijiazhuang Nanning Changzhou Quanzhou Nanchang Guiyang Taiyuan Jinhua Zhuhai Huizhou Xuzhou Yantai Jiaxing Nantong Urumqi Shaoxing Zhongshan Taizhou Lanzhou Haikou Third-tier cities (70) Weifang Baoding Zhenjiang Yangzhou Guilin Tangshan Sanya Huhehot Langfang Luoyang Weihai Yangcheng Linyi Jiangmen Taizhou Zhangzhou Handan Jining Wuhu Zibo Yinchuan Liuzhou Mianyang Zhanjiang Anshan Huzhou Shantou Nanping Ganzhou Daqing Yichang Baotou Xianyang Qinhuangdao Lianyungang Zhuzhou Putian Jilin Huai’an Zhaoqing Ningde Hengyang Dandong Lijiang Jieyang Sanming Zhoushan Xiaogan Qiqihar Jiujiang Longyan Cangzhou Fushun Xiangyang Shangrao Yingkou Bengbu Lishui Yueyang Qingyuan Jingzhou Taian Quzhou Panjin Dongying Nanyang Ma’anshan Nanchong Xining Yanbian prefecture Fourth-tier cities (90) Leshan Xiangtan Zunyi Suqian Xinxiang Xinyang Chuzhou Jinzhou Chaozhou Huanggang Kaifeng Deyang Dezhou Meizhou Ordos Xingtai Maoming Jingdezhen Shaoguan
  • Beidaihe^ China: East Asian Hotspot Paul I

    Beidaihe^ China: East Asian Hotspot Paul I

    Beidaihe^ China: East Asian hotspot Paul I. Holt, Graham P. Catley and David Tipling China has come a long way since 1958 when 'Sparrows [probably meaning any passerine], rats, bugs and flies' were proscribed as pests and a war declared on them. The extermination of a reputed 800,000 birds over three days in Beijing alone was apparently then followed by a plague of insects (Boswall 1986). After years of isolation and intellectual stagnation during the Cultural Revolution, China opened its doors to organised foreign tour groups in the late 1970s and to individual travellers from 1979 onwards. Whilst these initial 'pion­ eering' travellers included only a handful of birdwatchers, news of the country's ornithological riches soon spread and others were quick to follow. With a national avifauna in excess of 1,200 species, the People's Republic offers vast scope for study. Many of the species are endemic or nearly so, a majority are poorly known and a few possess an almost mythical draw for European birders. Sadly, all too many of the endemic forms are either rare or endangered. Initially, most of the recent visits by birders were via Hong Kong, and concentrated on China's mountainous southern and western regions. Inevitably, however, attention has shifted towards the coastal migration sites. Migration at one such, Beidaihe in Hebei Province, in Northeast China, had been studied and documented by a Danish scientist during the Second World War (Hemmingsen 1951; Hemmingsen & Guildal 1968). It became the focus of renewed interest after a 1985 Cambridge University expedition (Williams et al.
  • Nonstationary Multivariate Hydrological Frequency Analysis in the Upper Zhanghe River Basin, China

    Nonstationary Multivariate Hydrological Frequency Analysis in the Upper Zhanghe River Basin, China

    water Article Nonstationary Multivariate Hydrological Frequency Analysis in the Upper Zhanghe River Basin, China Henan Gu 1,2,* ID , Zhongbo Yu 1,2,*, Guofang Li 1,2 and Qin Ju 1,2 1 State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; [email protected] (G.L.); [email protected] (Q.J.) 2 College of Hydrology and water resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (H.G.); [email protected] (Z.Y.); Tel.: +86-135-8520-9927 (H.G.); +025-8378-6721 (Z.Y.) Received: 16 May 2018; Accepted: 11 June 2018; Published: 12 June 2018 Abstract: Design annual runoff is a classical issue in traditional univariate hydrological frequency analysis (HFA). We developed a multivariate HFA approach for designs for a study region covering the confluence of two streams. HFA relies on the assumption that probability distribution is consistent in the past, present, and future; however, it has been asserted as incorrect under an uncertain and changing environment. A change-point was detected in our study and adopted to divide runoff into two periods, with no significant trends in all subseries. The post-change design annual runoff witnessed dramatic mean value decline by about half at four frequencies (50%, 75%, 90% and 95%), which were selected in the bivariate analysis. Probability distribution models were constructed with univariate p-III distributions through Clayton, Frank, and Gumbel copulas and independence. Frank copula showed a generally better match with observations than others. The traditional approach, adding up the same-frequency results from both tributaries independently, was disproved by the systematically smaller design values in independence model than copulas and the 40% asynchronous encounter probability.
  • Hebei Elderly Care Development Project

    Hebei Elderly Care Development Project

    Social Monitoring Report 2nd Semestral Report Project Number: 49028-002 September 2020 PRC: Hebei Elderly Care Development Project Prepared by Shanghai Yiji Construction Consultants Co., Ltd. for the Hebei Municipal Government and the Asian Development Bank This social monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Director, Management or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ADB-financed Hebei Elderly Care Development Project She County Elderly Care and Rehabilitation Center Subproject (Loan 3536-PRC) Resettlement, Monitoring and Evaluation Report (No. 2) Shanghai Yiji Construction Consultants Co., Ltd. September 2020 Report Director: Wu Zongfa Report Co-compiler: Wu Zongfa, Zhang Yingli, Zhong Linkun E-mail: [email protected] Content 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. 2 1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................ 2 1.2 RESETTLEMENT POLICY AND FRAMEWORK ............................................................................. 3 1.3 OUTLINES FOR CURRENT RESETTLEMENT MONITORING
  • Bay to Bay: China's Greater Bay Area Plan and Its Synergies for US And

    Bay to Bay: China's Greater Bay Area Plan and Its Synergies for US And

    June 2021 Bay to Bay China’s Greater Bay Area Plan and Its Synergies for US and San Francisco Bay Area Business Acknowledgments Contents This report was prepared by the Bay Area Council Economic Institute for the Hong Kong Trade Executive Summary ...................................................1 Development Council (HKTDC). Sean Randolph, Senior Director at the Institute, led the analysis with support from Overview ...................................................................5 Niels Erich, a consultant to the Institute who co-authored Historic Significance ................................................... 6 the paper. The Economic Institute is grateful for the valuable information and insights provided by a number Cooperative Goals ..................................................... 7 of subject matter experts who shared their views: Louis CHAPTER 1 Chan (Assistant Principal Economist, Global Research, China’s Trade Portal and Laboratory for Innovation ...9 Hong Kong Trade Development Council); Gary Reischel GBA Core Cities ....................................................... 10 (Founding Managing Partner, Qiming Venture Partners); Peter Fuhrman (CEO, China First Capital); Robbie Tian GBA Key Node Cities............................................... 12 (Director, International Cooperation Group, Shanghai Regional Development Strategy .............................. 13 Institute of Science and Technology Policy); Peijun Duan (Visiting Scholar, Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies Connecting the Dots ..............................................
  • Investigation of Passengers' Intentions to Use High-Speed Rail and Low

    Investigation of Passengers' Intentions to Use High-Speed Rail and Low

    Dissertations and Theses 7-2017 Investigation of Passengers’ Intentions to Use High-Speed Rail and Low-Cost Carriers in China Jing Yu Pan Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/edt Part of the Management and Operations Commons Scholarly Commons Citation Pan, Jing Yu, "Investigation of Passengers’ Intentions to Use High-Speed Rail and Low-Cost Carriers in China" (2017). Dissertations and Theses. 348. https://commons.erau.edu/edt/348 This Dissertation - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INVESTIGATION OF PASSENGERS’ INTENTIONS TO USE HIGH-SPEED RAIL AND LOW-COST CARRIERS IN CHINA by Jing Yu Pan A Dissertation Submitted to the College of Aviation in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Aviation Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Daytona Beach, Florida July 2017 © 2017 Jing Yu Pan All Rights Reserved. ii 07/25/2017 ABSTRACT Researcher: Jing Yu Pan Title: INVESTIGATION OF PASSENGERS’ INTENTIONS TO USE HIGH- SPEED RAIL AND LOW-COST CARRIERS IN CHINA Institution: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Degree: Doctor of Philosophy in Aviation Year: 2017 With a large population, China is an ideal market for high-speed rail (HSR) and low-cost carrier (LCC) services. While HSR has gained substantial market share in China over the past decade, LCCs have achieved only limited market penetration. The potential growth of LCCs in China, however, is promising given the growing travel demand and government policy support.
  • List 3. Headings That Need to Be Changed from the Machine- Converted Form

    List 3. Headings That Need to Be Changed from the Machine- Converted Form

    LIST 3. HEADINGS THAT NEED TO BE CHANGED FROM THE MACHINE- CONVERTED FORM The data dictionary for the machine conversion of subject headings was prepared in summer 2000 based on the systematic romanization of Wade-Giles terms in existing subject headings identified as eligible for conversion before detailed examination of the headings could take place. When investigation of each heading was subsequently undertaken, it was discovered that some headings needed to be revised to forms that differed from the forms that had been given in the data dictionary. This occurred most frequently when older headings no longer conformed to current policy, or in the case of geographic headings, when conflicts were discovered using current geographic reference sources, for example, the listing of more than one river or mountain by the same name in China. Approximately 14% of the subject headings in the pinyin conversion project were revised differently than their machine- converted forms. To aid in bibliographic file maintenance, the following list of those headings is provided. In subject authority records for the revised headings, Used For references (4XX) coded Anne@ in the $w control subfield for earlier form of heading have been supplied for the data dictionary forms as well as the original forms of the headings. For example, when you see: Chien yao ware/ converted to Jian yao ware/ needs to be manually changed to Jian ware It means: The subject heading Chien yao ware was converted to Jian yao ware by the conversion program; however, that heading now
  • 6. Jing-Jin-Ji Region, People's Republic of China

    6. Jing-Jin-Ji Region, People's Republic of China

    6. Jing-Jin-Ji Region, People’s Republic of China Michael Lindfield, Xueyao Duan and Aijun Qiu 6.1 INTRODUCTION The Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region, known as the Jing-Jin-Ji Region (JJJR), is one of the most important political, economic and cultural areas in China. The Chinese government has recognized the need for improved management and development of the region and has made it a priority to integrate all the cities in the Bohai Bay rim and foster its economic development. This economy is China’s third economic growth engine, alongside the Pearl River and Yangtze River Deltas. Jing-Jin-Ji was the heart of the old industrial centres of China and has traditionally been involved in heavy industries and manufacturing. Over recent years, the region has developed significant clusters of newer industries in the automotive, electronics, petrochemical, software and aircraft sectors. Tourism is a major industry for Beijing. However, the region is experiencing many growth management problems, undermining its competitiveness, management, and sustainable development. It has not benefited as much from the more integrated approaches to development that were used in the older-established Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta regions, where the results of the reforms that have taken place in China since Deng Xiaoping have been nothing less than extraordinary. The Jing-Jin-Ji Region covers the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin and Hebei province (including 11 prefecture cities in Hebei). Beijing and Tianjin are integrated geographically with Hebei province. In 2012, the total population of the Jing-Jin-Ji Region was 107.7 million.
  • Appendix A. the Structural PVAR Model the Structural PVAR Model Analyzing the Dynamics Among Structure (S), Pollution (P), Income (E) and Health (H) Is

    Appendix A. the Structural PVAR Model the Structural PVAR Model Analyzing the Dynamics Among Structure (S), Pollution (P), Income (E) and Health (H) Is

    Appendix A. The structural PVAR model The structural PVAR model analyzing the dynamics among structure (S), pollution (P), income (E) and health (H) is , , , , ,11 ,12 ,13 ,14 = − + + (A.1) , , , , ⎛ 21 22 23 24⎞ − ⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞ =1 � � ∑ , , , , � − � ⎜ 31 32 33 34⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜⎟ − 41 42 43 44 Define = ( ,⎝ , , ) , using matrix,⎠ Eq. (A.1) can⎝ be⎠ rewritten⎝ ⎠ as = ′ + + (A.2) The 4×4 matrix = ∑= 1reflects− the contemporaneous relation of the �� variables in , and = , are the coefficients of the lagged endogenous variables. Because both contemporaneous � � and long-run relationships are accounted for, we assume that the structural shock is homoskedastic, that is ~( , ), = ⎛ ⎞ ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ ⎠ To estimate eq. (A.2), transform Eq. (A.1) into the reduced form = + + , ~( , ) (A.3) where ∑=1 − = , = , = . Since matrix A is of full −rank, the covariance− matrix− Ω is no longer diagonal. In fact, we have = ( ) (A.4) To recover the structural− parameters− ′ in and , we must impose additional restrictions a priori. Note that the left-hand side of Eq. (A.4) contains 10 coefficients, because is symmetric. But on the right-hand side of (A.2), the number of unknowns in and are 16 and 4, respectively. Therefore, to pin down and , we need 16 + 4 − 10 = 10 more restrictions. Applying Cholesky decomposition, we impose a lower triangular structure on 0 0 0 0 0 = 11 0 21 22 � 31 32 � 33 To finally identify and , we41 should42 either set = = = = 1, 43 44 or = = = = 1 . Based on these restrictions, the PVAR model is 11 22 33 44 transformed into a recursive system. To see the impacts of shocks, we transform Eq. (A.1) to = + (A.5) 1 = � − ∑ � where L is the lag operator.
  • 10 BEST CHINESE WAREHOUSE NETWORKS Networks with the Lowest Possible "Time-To-The-Chinese Population"

    10 BEST CHINESE WAREHOUSE NETWORKS Networks with the Lowest Possible "Time-To-The-Chinese Population"

    THE 10 BEST CHINESE WAREHOUSE NETWORKS Networks with the Lowest Possible "Time-to-the-Chinese Population" Average Average Transit Distance to the Lead-Time to the Number of Chinese Population Chinese Population Warehouses (Miles) (Days) Best Warehouse Locations ONE 504 3.38 XINYANG TWO 377 2.55 LIANYUAN FEICHENG THREE 309 2.15 PINGXIANG JINAN ZIYANG PINGXIANG JINING ZIYANG FOUR 265 1.87 CHANGCHUN SHAOGUAN HANDAN ZIYANG FIVE 228 1.65 CHANGCHUN NANJING SHAOGUAN HANDAN NEIJIANG SIX 207 1.53 CHANGCHUN NANJING URUMQI GUANGZHOU HANDAN NEIJIANG SEVEN 184 1.42 CHANGCHUN JINGJIANG URUMQI HONGHU GUANGZHOU LIAOCHENG YIBIN EIGHT 168 1.31 CHANGCHUN YIXING URUMQI HONGHU BAOJI BEILIU LIAOCHENG YIBIN NINE 154 1.24 CHANGCHUN LIYANG URUMQI YUEYANG BAOJI ZHANGZHOU BEILIU KAIFENG YIBIN CHANGCHUN YIXING URUMQI TEN 141 1.20 YUEYANG BAOJI ZHANGZHOU TIANJIN The 10 Best Chinese Warehouse Networks have been developed based on the lowest possible transit lead-times to "customers" represented by the Chinese population. For example, Xinyang provides the lowest possible lead-time for one warehouse. Any other place will increase transit lead-time to the Chinese population. Similarly putting any three warehouses in any locations other than Pingxiang, Jinan or Ziyang will cause the transit lead-time to be higher than 2.15 days. © Chicago Consulting 8 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 60603 Chicago Consulting (312) 346-5080, www.chicago-consulting.com THE 10 BEST CHINESE WAREHOUSE NETWORKS Networks with the Lowest Possible "Time-to-the-Chinese Population" Best One City
  • Spatial Distribution of Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Within Surface Sediments in the Lower Lancang River: Pollution Assessment Related to Dams

    Spatial Distribution of Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Within Surface Sediments in the Lower Lancang River: Pollution Assessment Related to Dams

    Journal of Environmental Protection, 2018, 9, 1343-1358 http://www.scirp.org/journal/jep ISSN Online: 2152-2219 ISSN Print: 2152-2197 Spatial Distribution of Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus within Surface Sediments in the Lower Lancang River: Pollution Assessment Related to Dams Hongjun Lu, Kaidao Fu*, Ting Dong, Wanhui Peng, Xiaorui Song, Baiyun He, Liyuan Wang Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Trans-Boundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China How to cite this paper: Lu, H.J., Fu, K.D., Abstract Dong, T., Peng, W.H., Song, X.R., He, B.Y. and Wang, L.Y. (2018) Spatial Distribution Surface sediment is one of the main sources of nutrients in overlying water of Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus within environments, and these can also indirectly reflect the degree of eutrophica- Surface Sediments in the Lower Lancang tion. In this paper, the spatial distribution characteristics of total organic River: Pollution Assessment Related to Dams. Journal of Environmental Protection, 9, carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the surface 1343-1358. sediments of 11 sections in the lower Lancang River during flood season are https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2018.913083 analyzed, as well as the distribution of phosphorus in different forms. The main sources of TOC and its correlation with TN and TP are discussed and, Received: November 19, 2018 Accepted: December 8, 2018 finally, the pollution levels of the surface sediments are evaluated. The results Published: December 11, 2018 show that the average content of TOC in the surface sediments of the lower Lancang River is 9003.75 mg/kg.