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Home , Handan, Hebei, Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, Xiao River, Zhang River

E- 309 VOL. 1

PEOPLE'SREPUBLIC OF

Public Disclosure Authorized PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT

HEBEI URBANENVIRONMENT PROJECT MANAGEMENTOFFICE

HEBEI URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized

ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT SUMMARY Public Disclosure Authorized January2000

Center for Environmental Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beiyuan Anwai 100012 PEOPLES' REPUBLIC OF CHINA Phone: 86-10-84915165 Email: [email protected] Public Disclosure Authorized

Table of Contents

I. Introduction...... 3 II. Project Description ...... 4 III. Baseline Data ...... 4 IV. Environmental Impacts...... 8 V. Alternatives ...... 16 VI. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan ...... 16 VII. Public Consultation .17 VIII. Conclusions.18

List of Tables

Table I ConstructionScale and Investment...... 3 Table 2 Characteristicsof MunicipalWater Supply Components...... 4 Table 3 Characteristicsof MunicipalWaste Water TreatmentComponents ...... 4 Table 4 BaselineData ...... 7 Table 5 WaterResources Allocation and Other Water Users...... 8 Table 6 Reliabilityof Water Qualityand ProtectionMeasures ...... 8 Table 7 WasteWater Treatmentand Benefitsfor ReceivingWater System...... 9 Table 8 SludgeUtilization and Disposal...... 9 Table 9 Odor Emissionand ProtectiveMeasures in WWTPs...... 9 Table 10 Environmentaland Social Benefits.11 Table I I AdverseEnvironmental Impacts and MitigationMeasures .12

2 6

I I. Introduction

Hebei Province will seek US$ 150 million from the World Bank to develop the Hebei Urban Environmental Project, which includes water supply projects in and cities, and wastewater treatment projects in , Tangshan and Handan cities. The total investment is RMB 2,6 billion, of which US$150.0 million will come from the World Bank loan, while the rest will be raised by corresponding host cities. Table 1 summarizes the basic information of the project components. Table I ConstructionScale and Investment Size Investment ProjectOwner Componentof Prqeds m3/d (billionRMB) ShijiazhuangMunicipal Wastewater Treatment 500,000 1.07 Shijiazhuang Wastewater TreatmentCompany TangshanCentral Water Supply 150,000 0.43 TangshanTap Water Company TangshanWest SuburbMunicipal Wastewater 120,000 0.30 TangshanWastewater Treatment TreatmentPlant No.2 Company HandanMunicipal Water Supply 100,000 0.42 HandanTap WaterCompany HandanWest MunicipalWastewater Treatment 100,000 0.38 Handan Wastewater Treatment Plant Company

Shijiazhuang, Tangshan and Handan are located in the Basin. The Hai River syst:emis experiencing serious water pollution due to large amount of wastewater discharged directly to watercourses without treatment. The water pollution control plan for the basin has been enlisted in the Comprehensive Water Pollution Control Plan for Three Rivers (, Hai River and ) and Three Lakes (Chao Lake, Tai Lake and Dianchi Lake), issued by the State Environrnental Protection Administration (SEPA) of China.

Based on the Circular on Strengthening Environmental Impact Assessment Management for Construction Projects Financed by International Financial Organizations (Huanjianzi [1993] No.. 324) and requirements of the 'Operational Policy 4.01: Environmental Assessment (OP4.01 )', the PMO of the Hebei Urban Environmental Project required that the sub-project host cities entrust environmental assessment institutions to compile environmental impact assessment reports for the individual sub-projects. The PMO has also entrusted the Center for Environmental Assessment (CEA) of the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES) to compile the Environmental Impact Assessment Report of the overall Hebei Urban Environmental Project (HUEP).

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) reports for Tangshan urban environmental project were compiled by the CREAS, and the EIA reports for Shijiazhuang and Handan urban environmental projects are by the Civil Design and Research Academy (NCCDRA), in accordance with TOR for EIAs approved by State Environmental Protection Administration (SF,PA). The EIA for individual sub-projects are categorized as Class B. TORs of the overall EIA has passed technical review and approval of SEPA. The category of the overall EIA of the Prcject is determined to be Class B.

The overall EIA report (draft) was compiled on the basis of the EIA reports of the individual sub-projects and submitted to the World Bank mission for reviewing in Oct. 1998.

3 The EIA report (final version) bas been approved by the SEPA in November 1999, in which significant attention was paid to the concerns of the World Bank missions.

II. Project Description

The characteristics of the water supply and wastewater treatment components of the HUEP are summarized in Table 2 and Table 3 respectively. Table 2 Characteristics of Municipal Water Supply Components Item Tangshan Handan Watersource Douhereservoir, with water comingfrom Yuechengreservoir, a trans-provincereservoir Panjiakouand Daheitingreservoirs, Waterintake Water intake pump station with a Gravitywater intake(existing facility) capacity of 165 000 m3/d Waterconvey pipeline 19km in length 56 km in length Purification Location Northwestof TangshanCity Withinthe existingTiexi waterplant plant Capacity, 150000 100000 mi/d Process Conventionalpurification process with Conventionalpurification process with sludgetreatment sludge treatment Distributingpipeline . Main distributingpipeline is 11.0 km in Maindistributing pipeline is 38.3km in length. length Distributingnet to be updated is 61.29 km in length respectively Water quality Class II ClassII Trophiclevel Meso-eutrophication Meso-trophic Watersource protection Douhe reservoir is designated as Point pollutionsources in upstreamarea of the Dam are protectionzone for drinkingwater source controlledto a certainextent I in 1994 I Table 3 Characteristics of Municipal Waste Water Treatment Components Item Shijiazhuang Tangshan Handan Upgradingof Modifythe West Bridgecombined Extendthe existing Improvethe wastewater Wastewatercollection systemand EastBridge combined wastewatercollection collectionsystem in the system systeminto separatesystems, and systemin westempart of northwestpart of urbanarea, newlybuild Changan separate system the centralarea andupgrade the north wastewaterpump station Capacity,Ud 500 000 120000 t 100000 Treatmentprocess Secondarytreatment, conventional Secondarytreatment with secondarytreatment with activatedsludge with nitrification conventionalactivated oxidationditch sludge Servicearea, km' 100 29.84 Beneficialpopulation 1,300,000 429,000 420,000 Wastewaterestimation, 700 000-750 000 (2000) 156000 m'ld (2005) 130000 - 160000 m'/d (2005) m3/d (year) Effluentdrainage River QinglongheRiver QinRiver (receivingriver) Sludgedisposal Landfill Landfill,partially for Landfill composite fertilizer Foul odormitigation Bufferbelt Bufferbelt Bufferbelt III. Baseline Data

Shijiazhuang City:

Shijiazhuang city is the capital of Hebei Province, and one of the key industrial bases in North China with major industries in textile, construction material, and metallurgy.

4 The Futuo and Xiao Rivers are two major water courses near by the . The Xiao River flows eastward through the south of urban and converges into River at Aixin site downstream of Handan city. The Xiao received municipal and industrial wastewater from the counties and cities along its course. Wastewater in Shijiazhuang urban area is almost entirely discharged into the Xiao through the Dongming channel, Ximing channel, and the master drainage channel. The Xiao has become a de facto wastewater discharge channel. Artificial channels in this area are the Shijin channel, Dongming channel, Ximing channel, Ximing channel Yuanmingcun channel and the master drainage channel, all of which are a part of the combined system. Monitoring data collected during the period of 1994A1996 show that water quality of the Xiao is not in compliance with Class V with water quality parameter of DO, CODcr,BOD 5, volatile phenol and oil. However, the concentration of heavy metals meet standards for Class V. The monitoring data collected at the section between the master drainage charnel and Shiban bridge on the Xiao River from November 1997 to March 1998 confirms this.

There are four drainage systems serving urban areas, the West Bridge sewerage system, East Bridge sewerage system, Changan sewerage system, and the North drainage system of Shijin channel, none of which are completely separate system. The total length of open channels amount to 37.443 kin, and flood-proof dikes amount to 32 km. There are 20 sewage pump stations.

Tangshan City

Tangshan is one of the largest industrial cities in Hebei Province. The hydrologic region of TIangshanis divided into the basin, Shadou River basin and Jiyunhe Canal collective respectively. The Douhe river crosses the central area from north to south, and flows into the . The main stream length of the river is about 121.5km and the collective area is 1.340 km2.

The Douhe reservoir was built on the upstream of Douhe River some 22 km away from central Tangshan. The storage of the reservoir is about 515.2 million m3 with a collective area of 2 3 446 km . While the effective capacity is about 73.8 million m . The Douhe reservoir mainly is filled by the Panjiakou and Daheiting reservoirs via the water conveyance system from the Daheiting reservoir to Douhe reservoir. Currently, the Douhe reservoir is the major water supply source, which was designated to be the drinking water protection zone for Tangshan City in 1994. Water quality is good meeting standards for Class II, except for pH and CODM"which is slightly higher than standard at times. Heavy metal contents are comparatively low, and Hg, As and Cr'+ are all below detection limits. Volatile phenol, total cyanide (toxicology parameters) arid oil concentration are also below detection limits. However, the excess quantities of nitrogen and phosphorous are leading to eutrophication in the reservoir, due to the unlimited development of box-fishery in the reservoir during last years.

Qinglonghe Stream is a seasonal stream without base flow. The inner urban reach is highly polluted as inadequacy of wastewater treatment capacity in the western part of the central city. The collective area upstream of the inner urban reach is 18.26km2. The monitoring data collected downstream of the urban reach in 1995 show that concentration of CODcr, BOD5, NH3-N is 106mg/l, 266mg/l and 22mg/l respectively. Also, the monitoring data collected in

5 April 1998 indicates water quality is poor, not meeting the standards for Class V, however, the contents of heavy metals are lower, as no heavy metal sources are in the area.

Since the 1980's, due to overdraft and the increased drainage in the mine pits, the groundwater level is depressed year by year. In urban , the maximum annual rate of decline was 6.5m, and current groundwater level is as deep as 60 m below ground in central urban area.

The wastewater drainage of Tangshan central is divided into the east separate sewerage system and the west separate sewerage system. The east sewerage system serves for the east part of the central Tangshan, while the west sewerage system serves the western sections.

The newly constructed secondary treatment plant with capacity of 150,000 tld (East Suburb WWTP) serves the east collection system. Also, the secondary treatment plant under construction with capacity of 150,000 t/d (North Suburb WWTP) will serve for the east sewerage system. Both raw wastewater and treated wastewater in the east system are discharged into the Douhe River.

The West Suburb WWTP with capacity of 36,000 t/d is serving for the west part of central Tangshan. Wastewater volume in the west drainage system is about 90,000tld and is expected to reach 155,200 t/d by the year 2005. The wastewater is all discharged into the Qinglonghe Stream.

Handan City

The industry of Handan focuses on coal, metallurgy, power generation, building material and textile. The city GNP ranks 4th in Hebei province in 1996.

Fuyang River originates from the West.Mountains of Handan, and flows through Handan urban area from south to north. The total length of Fuyang river is 403 km, with the watershed area at 20,539kM2 . Downstream of the Handan urban , the Zhe River, River and Shuyuan River converge into the Fuyang River. Dongwushi reservoir is located on the upstream of Fuyang River with storage of 152 million m3 and is used as a water supply for Handan industry and irrigation. The average annual inflow of the reservoir is about 366 million m3. is a tributary of Fuyang River, and flows into the urban area from west and then converges into Fuyang River at the site of Contai road in the city. The total length is about 35.9km with a watershed area of 147 km2 . Currently, Qin River is highly polluted.

Yuecheng reservoir is located at the middle stream of River, on the border of Hebei Province and Province, with a watershed area of 18,1 Ookm2. The storage of reservoir is about 1.22 billion m3, while the effective capacity is about 673 million m3 . Yuecheng reservoir is used as flood control, irrigation and municipal water supply, as well as aquaculture. It provides water to Handan city and city, and irrigates a crop area of 1.56 million Mu. The inflow water is , which originates from Taihang Mountain and Taiyue Mountain of Province. Downstream Yuecheng dam, the river converges with River which drains into Bohai Bay. The length of Zhang River is about 179 km. The average annual flow is about 1.99 billion m3 upstream of the Yuecheng reservoir. The quality of Yuecheng reservoir is

6 quite good, meeting Class II standards. However, the excess quantity of non-ion ammonia occasionally occurs as it did in 1996A1997. Water quality of the Zhang River upstream of the Yuecheng reservoir was effected by the wastewater discharges from the townships and small industries, sometimes falls into Class IV or class V standard. Through pollution control efforts, water quality of the Zhang River upstream of the Yuecheng reservoir complied with Class III stan(lards in 1997.

The existing machine-drawing wells are generally mining groundwater in a mixed approach. It is estimated that the comprehensive recharge volume for the Quaternary layers is 40 million m3/year. Currently, the annual exploitation volume is 32 million m3 .

The inner city rivers are highly polluted, and fail to meet the standards for Class V, caused by a large amount of untreated wastewater discharge into the river courses. The major pollutants are CODMn,BOD 5, volatile phenol and oil. The quality of Fuyang river upstream the inner urban reac;hfall into Class IV-V standard, and is not suitable for drinking water purpose.

There are 3 municipal water plants (No. 1, No.2 and No.4 water plants) pumping groundwater with a total capacity of 24,500m3/d, and one plant intake for water from the Fuyang River (No.3 water plant) with a capacity of 120,000m3/d. Due to the backward status of equipment, No. 1 water plant was shut off in June 1998.

There are two separate drainage systems in the Handan urban areas. One is Tiedong drainage system, serving for the area bordering by the Jingguang railway, Remin road and Fuyang River, including industrial wastewater and sanitary sewage. The existing East WWTP, with capacity of 100,000 t/d with triple-oxidation ditch process, serves this system. Current treatment volume is about 60,000 t/d.

Table 4 summarized some baseline data for the three cities. Table 4 BaselineData

Shijiazhuang Tangshan Handan Administered areas 6 districts and 17 counties 5 districts and 10 counties One city and 14 counties Area (urban), km'7 14,077 (307) 13,472 (1,090) 457 (90.4) Population (urban) 8,560,000 (1,500,000) 6,794,000 (1,578,000) 734,000 GDP (Year), billion 54.5 (1995) 57.84 (1995) 38.3 (1996) Annual average temperature, IC 12.9 11 13.5 Annual , mm 537.2 623 . 530.7 Prevailing wind direction SE (summer); NW (winter) N (winter); S (summer) N (winter); S (summer) Annual average wind speed, m/s 1.66 2.5 2.7 Curreintwater supply capacity, mn/d 1,050,000-1,080,000 455,000 719,000 Tap water, m51d 930,000 500,000 295,000 Seif-provided water, mrnd 120,000-150,000 90,000 424,800 Water quality of groundwater Good(G8/T14848-93,Class 111) Good(GBRT14848-93,Class lli) Good(GB/T14848-93,Class 1I1) Water quality of sueface water Class Ill Class IlIl Class IlIl Waste water amount, m'ld 760,000 (in east sewage 99,300 (in west urban area) 27,400 (in urban area) system) Percentage of industrial waste water 70 20.8 51 Waste water treatment rate 20.2% 36.3% 30% Air quality in urban area Worse than Class III Class IlIl except industrial zone Worse than Class II

7 I IV. EnvironmentalImpacts

The analysis and assessment of the overall EIA report focused on the major potential envilronmentalimpacts . For municipal water supply projects, the EIA focused on the reliability and safety of the drinking water source, both water quantity and quality. The EIA for wastewater treatment projects focused on the impacts of odor, sludge disposal, and the improvement of the inner urban rivers. The potential adverse impacts during construction period were analyzed as wel l. No additional effort was spent on collecting the existing environmental quality data of the project areas. However, to clear up some ambiguous description in the individual EIA reports, the on-site investigation and discuss were carried out in order to provide a comparatively accurate and definite description for the overall EIA report. Table 5 to 9 summarized the major environmental issues of all project components.

Table 5 Water ResourcesAllocation and OtherWater Users

Item Tangshan Handan Watersupply capacity (m3/d) 150,000 100,000 Watersource Douhereservoir Yuechengreservoir Availabletotal water volume 95% guarantee, 565,000,000 250,000,000 m3 Allocated water for municipal with 95% 300,000,000 guarantee,m 3 ExistingLsed quota, m 3 52,000,000 50,000,000 Effecton waterusers outside the region No impacton Tianjincity No impacton Henanprovince Effecton waterusers inside the region No effect on allocated water Available water for irrigation areas of the Dam =______quota for irrigation mightbe decreasedduring dry year.

Table 6 Reliabilityof Water Qualityand ProtectionMeasures

Item Tangshan Handan Waterquality of the reservoir Class11 Class 11 Nutrientlevel of the reservoir Eutrophic Meso-trophic Majorpollution sources . Box-netfishery, and . Industrial and township enterprise . Non-pointpollution from cropfields andvillages wastewater,and . Non-pointpollution from cultivatedlands Environmientalmanagement Built the protectionzones for drinkingwater sourcein To builda protectionzone for drinkingwater ______1994 Upstreamwater quality Class 11 ClassIIl - IV Upstreamnutrient level Meso-oliga- trophic Protectivemeasures * Ban box-netfishery (implementing); * Tightencontrol on pollutantsdischarge in (recommended) . Controlon night soil in (planned); the collectiveof Yuechengreservoir; * Tree belt alongbanks of the river; . Ban high-pollution enterprises, and * Contourcultivation, and . Enforcemanagement for drinking water * Soilerosion control in the collective(planned) sourceas the nationalrequirement Anticipatedquality Class 11 Class11 Anticipatednutrient level Meso-trophic Meso-trophic

8 Table 7 Waste Water Treatment and Benefits for Receiving Water System

Item Shijiazhuang Tangshan Handan Wastewater in service area, 750,000 120,000 150,000 t/d ______Proposedsize (1000tVd) 500 120 100 Secondarytreatment Activatedsludge with nitrification Conventionalactivated sludge Oxidationditch Receivingand beneficialriver Xiao river Qinglonghestream Shuyuanstream Removalrate of BOD 90.0 86,7 75.0 Removalrate of COD 70.0 71.7 60.0 Suitableuse of receivingriver Irrigation Irrgation Irrigation

Table 8 Sludge Utilization and Disposal

Item Shijiazhuang Tangshan Handan Sludgetype Digestedsludge Raw sludge Raw sludge Sludgeage (days) 18 16 20 Heavy metal Meetingstandard for agricultureuse Meeting standard for Meeting standard for agriculture content agriculture use use Hygieneindex Meetingstandards for agriculture Over limitationfor pathogen Over limitationfor pathogen use bacteriaand microbe bacteriaand microbe Proposed Sludge Landfill Landfill,and Sludge/fertilizer Landfill disposal Other suitable Compositefertilizer Compositefertilizer and Fertilizeradditive ways improvementof saiine-alkali I~ ~ ~ ______soil I ______

Table 9 Odor Emissionand ProtectiveMeasures in WWTPs

Item Shijiazhuang Tangshan Handan Odoremission Non-pointfugitive Non-pointfugitive Non-pointfugitive Effectarea Limitedwithin 100m aroundborder Limitedwith in 100m around .______border ______Bufferbelt 300m aroundborder, while 200m aroundborder 200 m aroundborder 400 m on the northward Potential Limit the westwardextending No residentialquarters within 200 m No residentialquarters within 200 constraints of Loudivillage which is 350 m m far from the plant

The EIA report indicates that all project components are priority projects in the host cities. The project implementation will improve the conditions of urban water supply, wastewater collection and treatment to a considerable extent, consequently, improve environmental conditions and the quality of life. The project will helpful for the cities to achieve sustainable development socially and economically. The project will relieve the tight status of municipal water supply, improve urban hygiene conditions and environmental quality. It will also benefit the protection of groundwater resources and recovery of surface water body, and improve the living conditions and drinking water safety of the urban residents. The treated wastewater could be suitable for irrigation application in the downstream areas. The proposed projects in the three cities are major components of the "Blue Sky, Clear Water and Green Land" program in Hebei

9 province during the "Ninth Five-year Plan", and will provide a solid foundation for the improvement of open image of the three cities and the realization of sustainable economic development. The positive impacts are summarized in Table 10.

Water quality of the Douhe reservoir (in Tangshan city) and Yuecheng reservoir (in Handan city) complies basically with Class II of surface water quality standard (GB3838-88). Water quality in Panjiakou and Daheiting reservoirs upstream of the Douhe reservoir fully complies with Class II of GB3838-88. The Douhe reservoir is experiencing eutrophication. However, the reservoir would be in middle eutrophication by strengthening environmental man-agementas anticipated in the specific EIA report. Requirements on the protection measures for the water source sites are presented in the overall EIA report. It is predicted that water quality of Douhe and Yuecheng reservoirs would not make it worse than its current comndition, and eutrophication will be alleviated with the implementation of environmental management measures. Municipal water supply capacity from Douhe reservoir and Yuecheng reservoir is limiltedwithin the regional water allocation quota. The proposed Tangshan water supply project will not have impacts on agricultural water supply and other water users. However, Handan urban water supply project would cause the impacts on irrigation water applications both downstream and upstream of Yuecheng dam. It is suggested that the strategy of water resource application for Zhang river should be adjusted to balance the requirements of water users by the Handan Government. Measures such as increase agricultural input and water-saving irrigation technologies are needed to solve the problem of water scarcity for irrigation.

All proposed sites of water treatment plants and WWTPs are in compliance with land use of the urban master development plans. Noise would be limited within the plant borders. Sludge from water purification plants would be transported to municipal sanitary landfills with dewatering, and used as covering material. The majority of sludge from WWTPs would be disposed of in a municipal sanitary landfill, while a small portion would be used as soil additives. All sanitary landfills built with leachate treatment facilities. It is also suggested that a comrprehensivesludge utilization plan should be prepared as early as possible.

The impact in construction phase is generally limited within the construction areas and could be minimized by the rational arrangement for construction activities with mitigation measures, but there would be insignificant effects on the living of residents and agricultural production. The implementation of HUEP will not involve large scale relocation of residents. The permanently acquired lands, as well as damage to a small patch of orchards and some dismnantledfacilities will be compensated through one-time payment. Compensation for temporary land occupation of crop fields and/or trees chopped down during pipe laying is also being arranged. Public participation indicated that the majority of people consider the adverse effects caused by construction activities to be acceptable. In the overall EIA report, requirements on audit and monitoring of industrial wastewater discharge within the service area are raised to ensure that influent wastewater to the collection system would be in compliance with CJ18-86 standard without adverse effect on operation of WWTP. There are various industrial pollution sources within the service area of Shijiazhuang East Bridge WWTP and Handan West WWTP, and thus audit and monitoring on industrial wastewater are of special importance. The adverse effects and the proposed mitigation measures are summarized in Table 11.

10 Table 10 Environmentaland Social Benefits

Item Environmental & Social Benefits Wastewater collection Establishing separate sewerage system for municipal waste water and rain water in East Bridge district with a beneficial population of 640000 Wastewater treatment The wastewater treatment capacity is increased by 500,000 ml/d, the wastewater treatment rate of the East Bridge district will reach over 70%, removed pollutants of BODs, CODC,and SS will be about 31000 tVa,51100 tVaand 40200 t/a respectively c., Ground water Reducing effect on the shallow groundwater in the southeast of city and suburb caused by wastewater leaching Tail water utilization The water quality of Xiao river would be suitable for irrigation application ta Health Improving the living quality of residents in the East Bridge sewerage service areas and reducing the incidence of diseases among the residents around Xiao river vx: Landscape Improving the landscape of urban districts and Xiao river .:, Employment Provide 302 long-term employment opportunities. City improvement Balancing the water supply and wastewater treatment capacities in East Bridge district and improving the investment environment. Water supply Meet the water consumption demand of the city in the year 2000, especial that of the Initial area of the New Airport District. 2 Ground water Reducing the pressure on ground water resources overexploitation in the central district and it will be passive effects on water table restoration Drinking water safety Raising the sanitary and safety of drinking water, especially benefit to the residents who are served by enterprise self water supply go i Employment Provide employee 170 opportunities for long time working City improvement Improving the investment environment of city Wastewater collection Upgrading the existing separate sewerage with a beneficial population of 569,000. 3 Wastewater treatment Increased capacity of wastewater treatment is 1 20,000m /d. Removed pollutantsof BOD5, CODcrand SS are 8540 tla, 13400t/a and 11800t/a respectively >' Tail water utilization Qinglonghestream would suitablefor irrigation applicationdownstream the urban reach. §: Ground water Reducing the pollution effect on the shallow groundwater caused by the leaching along the river bed § Health Improving the living conditions of residents in west area of city and reducing incidence of a disease of the residents who might touch water of Qinglonghe stream t Landscape Improving the landscape of urban districts and Qinglonghe stream City improvement Balance the increment of water supply and wastewater treatment within the service scope, and improve the investment environment of city. Water supply Meeting the water supply demand of city in 2000 Drinking water safety Improving hygiene and safety conditions of drinking water, especially for those residents , whose drinking water quality is below standards. X Employment Provide 40 long-term employment opportunities c City improvement Improving the investment environment of city Wastewater collection Upgrading the wastcwater drainage system in west suburb and reducing the situation of wastewater overflow, with a beneficial population of 400,000. 3 Wastewater treatment The wastewater treatment capacity is increased by 100,000 m /d.; the removed pollutants of BOD5, CODc,and SS are about 6570, 6570 and 8030 tVarespectively. Tail water utilization Improving the water quality downstream of Fuyang river that may benefit to the farmers who pump the water for irrigation Ground water Reducing the effect on shallow groundwater in urban area caused by raw wastewater discharge and seepage along Shuyuan river bed.

x Health Improving the living quality of urban residents and reducing incidence of wastewater-borne diseases among residents along Shuyuan river and Fuyang river. fl Employment Provide 105 long-term employment opportunities. City improvement Balance the increment of water supply and wastewater treatment within the service scope, and improve the investment environment of city.

11 Table 11 AdverseEnvironmental Impacts and MitigationMeasures Item EnvironmentalImpacts Mitigation Measures Shijiazhuang Wastewater Treatennt facilities lossis arrangedaccording to the 1. Rcsettlcmcntissue The compensationfor land occupationand ground surface re-allocate the farmiand for the person 1.1 Permanentland occupation 28haof farmlands,with ground surfacefacilities relevant regulations. The commissionof the village will affectedby permanentland occupation 2 Constructionperiod and night work (23:00-6:00) should 2.1 Noise I. The impact scopeduring pipelaying is 60m in thedaytime and 150mat night The constructionactivities should adopt low noise machinery, 2. Residentsare not affectedby noisefrom the constructingplant site be prohibitedwithin 200m from residentialarea. earth 2.2 Discardedearth, dust I. Discardedearth and constructionwaste by Laying sewagepipes with earth I. To be transportedwith the fixed lines andsites, and as stuffing excavation 2. Disposedto the municipal landfill 2. Sludge causedby dredgingrainwater drainage 3. To be transportedwith the fixed lines and sites,and asstuffing earth 3. Discardedearth andconstruction wastes from the constructingWWTP 4. To sprinkle water in windy days and transportingearth with cover 4. Dust raisedby transportation 2.3 Roadsurface and vegetation Roadsurface and trees alongsides of roadwould be destroyed To restoreroad surface timely and replanttrees and transportation of construction 2.4 Traffic Local traffic will be affectedby Pipelinelaying A temporary road should be paved at heavy traffic sections, materialsshould avoid rush-hours 3 OperationPeriod a buffer belt of 300-400mwide aboundthe plant with trees to separateodor effect. 3.1 Odor Fugitive emissionof H2S and NH3, etc. Building 3 sludge utilization plan as early as possible 3.2 Sludge 322 m /d of sludgecake Be disposedto the municipal landfill, carry out To adoptfacilities with low noise 3.3 Noise Limited to theborder of plant To strengthenthe facilities management,strengthen wastewater auditing and monitoring 3.4 Accidents 1. Wastewateris dischargeddirect to the river for avoiding impact of high harmful mattercontents on the treatmentprocess To ensurenormal operationof ventilation and strengthensafety management 2. The workers may injured by H2S during maintenance for Boiler house 3.5 Air pollutants SO2and TSPemission from boiler The boiler houseshould meetthe requirementof standards Tangshan Central Water Supply The compensationsfor permanentand temporaryland occupation, as well as ground facility losses I. Resettlementissue 2 1.1 Permanentland occupation 200.78mu farmlandswith 875 m of farmer housesand ground surfacefacilities, are arrangedaccording to the relevant regulations. and 225 affectedpersons Total payment for resettlementissue is about 30.5414 millionyuan. The commission of villages will 1.2 Temporaryland occupation 1146.56mu farmlandswith ground surfacefacilitics re-allocateland for affectedby permanentland requisition 2. ConstructionPeriod 2.1 Noise I . Laying of convey anddelivery pipelinesmay impactresident of villages within The constructingactivities should be prohibitedat night 60m of constructingborder at daytime 2. There is no influence on residents during constructionof the plant as no residentialarea in the vicinity. soil andrestore vegetation 2.2 Earthfilling, discardedearth I. Excavation,backfill, discardedearth andconstruction waste are relatedwith the I Leveling the excavatedland, covering with the cultivated anddust constructionof intake facilities 2 To be used asbackfill earth 2. Discardedearth and constructionwaste caused by pipeslaying 3 To be used asbackfill earth,and the backfill site is arrangedby municipal constructionagency 3. Discardedearth andconstruction waste caused by constructionof theplant 4 Washing the whecisof vehicles running out of the constructionsites and sprinkling water in 4. Dust causedby vehicle transponationand piling of discardedearth windy days to reducedust .______.Laying of waterconvey pipelines would destroya few of treesand crops

12 Item Enviro,mental Impacts Mitigation Measures To replant trees and restore cultivated land (including in compensation plan) 2.3 Vegetation Laying of pipelines will reduced the width of part sections ofYinhe and road, and increase traffic flows temporarily Rationally arrange the construction schedule, and clear away discarded earth in time 2.4 Traffic Excavation of diversion canal would disturb the quality of Douhe reservoir locally

2.5 2.5 Water quality ._..._._ Rationally arrange excavation activities 3 Operation period 3.1 Sludge 10.5 t/d of sludge with water content of 70% Disposed to the municipal landfill as recover earth

3.2 Waste water 315 mr/d wastewater from sludge dewatering To discharge into the sewage system

3.3 Noise Limited within the plant boundary To adopt the low noise facilities

3.4 Accidents Potential chlorine leakage in the pumping station To strengthen operation management

3.5 Air pollutants SO2 and TSP emission from the heating boiler The designed boiler house should meet the requirement of environmental standards for boiler house construction 4 Water resource 4.1 Water volume Limited in the allocated water quota for municipal water supply, no adverse effect on the operation of the reservoir and agricultural water use

4.2 Water quality I . Box net fishery cause eutrophication of the reservoir I To ban box-net fishery (has been implemented) 2. Cooling water from Douhe Thermal Power Plant raise temperature of the 2 To reduce discharge of the cooling water reservoir 3 Strengthening soil conservation activities and more efficient use of chemical fertilizers and 3. Non-point pollution from farmland and villages runoff pesticide, and tightening control of night soil of livestock and poultry, and garbage collection 4. Water quality is limited by Panjiakou reservoir and water conveyance system 4 Panjiakou reservoir and water conveyance system should be protected according to the requirement for drinking water source 4.3 Drinking water source protection To enforce the implementation of the Administrative Regulation on Pollution Controlin the Protection Zone for Drinking Water Source of Douhe Reservoir Tangshan West Suburb WWTP No.2 I Resettlement issue 1.1 Permanent land requisition Permanent occupied land is 194.93 mu with affected persons of 223. The compensation is arranged for the land occupation and ground surface facility losses. The total and affected person compensation payment is 24.3577 million yuan. The commission of the village will re-allocate farmland to the affected persons. 2 Construction period 2.1 Noise 'ITheimpact scope mechanical noise on construction sites will be limited within The construction activities should be prohibited at night and sound proof should be installed for high 60m noise equipment

2.2 Discarded earth, dust I. Discarded earth and construction waste caused by pipe laying and constructing Disposed to the sink pits in the south of city, and leveling for planting trees plant 2. Dust raised by vehicles and earth works Sprinkling water in windy day and washing wheels of vehicles running out of the constructing site, transportingearth with cover. 2.3 Road surface and vegetation Pipeline laying would destroy road surface and trees along roadsides. To restore road surface and replant trees (included in the compensation plan)

2.4 Traffic Pipeline laying would affect passing of residents and public traffic ofGuofang and Rational arrange the construction schedule, use public notices on site to direct traffic flows and Xinhua roads avoid rush-hours 3 Operation period

13 Item [- Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures 3.1 Odor Fugitive emissionof H2S, NH-i is iimited in scope of 120m IRBuiildinga buffer belt of 200m wide around the plant with vegetation to separate the effects of odors

3.2 Sludge 138.3 m3/d of sludge cake A portion of raw sludge is used as composite fertili7er. The residue treated with lime and the screen dregs and sediments are put into the sanitary landfill. The raw sludge should be treated with lime before landfill. Also, the capacity of composite fertilizer manufacture should be extended as large with technicaland economicfeasibility. 3.3 Noise Limitedwithin the plant boundary Sound-prooffacilities are adoptedfor high noise equipment

3.4 Accidents I. l'he wastewateris dischargeddirectly into the Qinglonghestream To tightenoperational management, and wastewaterauditing and monitoring

2. The workersare accidentallyinjured by 112 S duringmaintenance To ensure normaloperation of ventilationsystem, and strengthensafety management S02and TSPemission from boiler The designed boiler house shouldmeet the requirementof environmentalstandards for boiler house 3.5Airpollutants construction Handan Municipal Water Supply I Resettlement issue I. I Permanent land requisition The occupied land by convey pipeline is 16mu with ground surface facilities. the The compensation for the permanent and temporary occupation is arranged. proposedpurification plant islocated withintheTiexie water plantwithout newly The commissionof the village will re-allocatethe farmlandto the persons affected by permanent land requisition land requisition

1.2Temporary land requisition 4300 mu withground surface facilities 2 Constructionperiod 2.1 Noise I Noise caused by pipe laying would affect residents of villages or towns in The constructionactivities within village or towns shouldbe banned at night night time The constructionactivities within 150m from residentialarea shouldbe prohibited at night 2. No noise influenceon residentsduring constructingplant 3. Noise during laying of delivery pipes would affect residents near the constructionsites

2.2 Discardedearth, dust I. Discardedearth causeby conveyancepipe laying 1.To be used as backfillearth 2. Discardedearth and constructionwaste caused by deliverypipeline laying and 2. To be used as backfillearth, disposal sites are arrangedby localconstruction agency constructingplant 3. Washing the wheels of vehicle running out of the constructionsites, sprinkling water in windy 3. Dustraise by vehicletransportation and earthworks day, and earth-transportingwith cover

2.3 Vegetation Layingof water conveypipelines will destroy trees and crops To replanttrees afterconstruction (included in the compensationplan)

2.4 Traffic Layingof pipelineswill affectthe traffic of main lines in urbanarea To show the notice for constructionto lead a separation of traffic flows, rationally arrange the constructionschedule, avoid rush-hours,and clear away discardedearth in time 3 Operationperiod 3.1 Sludge 19 m3/d of sludge withwater content of 70% Disposedto the municipallandfill as recoverearth 3,2 Wastewater 108m 3/d wastewater from sludgedewatering Drainageinto the municipalsewage system 3.3 Noise Limitingto the plant scope To adopt low noise equipment 3.4 Accidents Potentialchlorine leakage To strengthenmanagement

14 Item I Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures 4. Water source 4.2 4.1 Water volume There would be effect on irrigation upstream and downstream ofYuecheng dam ro adjust the strategy of Zhang river water resource application, to provide preferential policy for during extra-dry year. developing saving water in irrigation and industrial

4.3 Water quality I. Wastewater discharged from the county and townships enterprises in the I. To strengthen management on pollution sources, and manage the Yuecheng reservoir and inflow collective of Yuecheng reservoir would impact the quality of reservoir. rivers in accordance with the requirements for drinking water source 2. Non-point pollution of farmland runoff 2. To strengthen soil conservation, more efficient use of chemical fertilizers and pesticide in the 3. Breeding and water surface recreational activities collective 3. To tighten control according to Administrative Rules on Drinking Water Source Zone

4.4 Protection of the drinking To designate the protection zone for drinking water source of Yuecheng reservoir, and develop an water source administration regulations Handan West Wastewater Treatment (:OxIlOt m'/d, oxidation ditch process) I Resettlement issue 1.l Permanent land occupation 9.66ha farmiands, with ground surface facilities The compensation for the land occupation and ground surface facility loses is arranged. The commission of the village will re-allocate the farmland to the persons affected by land occupation 2 Construction period 2.1 Noise I. Effect scopes of noise during laying sewage are limited in 60m in daytime and The construction activities within 150m from the resident area should be prohibited at night 150 in night (23:00-6:00) 2. No residents is affected by noise from the constructing plant site

2.2 Discarded earth, dust I . Discarded earth and construction waste caused by laying pipe and construction To be used as backfill earth, the disposal sites are arranged by the local construction agency with plant planned routs 2. Dust from vehicle transportation and earth works Sprinkling water in windy day, washing the wheels of vehicles running out the constructing plant and earth-transporting with cover

2.3 Road surface and vegetation Pipeline laying would destroy road surface and trees along sides of road To restore road surface and replant trees (included in the compensation plan)

2.4 Traflic Pipeline laying would affect public traffic around the construction sites Rationally arrange the construction schedule, avoid rush-hours and in clear discarded earth and construction waste in time 3 Operation period 3.1 Odor Fugitive emission of H2S, NI-1Iwith effect scope of 100 m from the wastewater Buildabufferbeltof200mwidewithvegetationtosepatateodoreffect treatment plant

3.2 Sludge cake 45 tld of sludge with water content of 80% A small portion of sludge is used as fertilizer additive, a large portion of sludge is planed to disposed to an on-going construction of sanitary landfill. The landfill should be built prior operation o wastewater plant.

3.3Noise Litniting to the plant scope T'o adopt low noise facilities

3.4Accidents I. I'he wastewater is discharged directly into the river To strengthen facility management and wastewater auditing and monitoring

2. The workers may injured by H2S during maintenance To ensure normal operation of ventilation system and strengthen safety management

3.5 Air pollutants The SO2 and TSP emission from heating boiler The designed boiler house should meet the environmental standard for the boiler house

15 V. Alternatives

Implementation of the HUEP project will enhance urban water supply and wastewater treatment, improve urban environmental quality and life quality of the residents. After implementation of the project, water supply capacity in Tangshan, and Handan city will be raised by 150,000m3/d and 1OO,OOOm3/d respectively, and wastewater treatment capacity in Shijiazhuang, Tangshan and Handan will be raised by 500,000 m3/d, 120,000 m /d and 100,000 m3/d respectively. Priority for urban water supply is a fundamental strategy in China; extension of urban wastewater treatment capacity is the major component of mitigating urban water pollution; promoting balanced or synchronized increase of water supply and wastewater treatment capacity is the basic policy of the Word Bank in supporting urban infrastructure construction.

For the individual water supply projects, Tangshan and Handan are facing an over exploitation of groundwater, serious groundwater recession in urban area and groundwater pollution to different extents. Groundwater pumping should be limited for sustainable use, instead of further exploitation. Therefore, an alternative for satisfying the sustainable increased demand for municipal water supply is to develop surface water supply capacity.

Within the proposed wastewater treatment service areas of Shijiazhuang, Tangshan and Handan, the major portion of the wastewater is municipal sewage. Sole dependence on industrial pollution control will not solve the urban water pollution completely. The improvements of the water quality of inner rivers and the public health rely on the proper wastewater collection system and adequate wastewater treatment facilities. Also, wastewater reuse is an most important issue in water management for the future since Hebei Province is a water scarce area. The proposed secondary wastewater treatment plants will provide a solid foundation for these cities to achieve such targets. Therefore, the construction of WWTPs in the three host cities is the best way to handle urban water pollution and wastewater reuse.

The alternatives for the selection of scale, site and process have been addressed in respect of the actual situation in the pre-feasibility studies and EIA documents. The proposed schemes in the pre-feasibility studies are the optimized using technical, economic comparison, and the environmental impacts.. VI. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan

The construction period of the Project is about 6 years. Based on construction contents, the major engineering of water plants and WWTPs would be separated into three phases of ground leveling and land excavation, construction of buildings, and equipment installation and adjustment. The environmental reports should be submitted to the local environmental protection agencies according to the engineering phases of plant construction and pipe laying. The report should include engineering schedules, major engineering contents and methods, the implementation status of mitigation measures and actual environmental impact.

16 For water supply projects, monitoring will focus on the quality of the reservoirs. The monitoring items include normal monitoring parameters in GB3838-88 and eutrophication items (TN, TP, turbidity, chlorophyll a and Suspend Solids). The environmental management will emphasis on protection in the water source area and strict implementation of Management Rules on Drinking Water Conservation Zone. The local government and the environmental protection organizations will be able to implement this responsibility.

For wastewater treatment projects, monitoring during the operation period includes air quality (H2 S, NH3 ), influent and effluent (volume, CODcr, BOD5 , SS, TN, TP, volatile phenol, cyanide and coliform group, etc.), sludge (volume, water content and heavy metal) and water quality of the receiving rivers (Xiao river, Qinglonghe stream, Shuyuan river and Fuyang river). The wastewater auditing is a key component of management measure to ensure the effective operation of the wastewater treatment plants. It is recommended in applying proposed prevention and mitigation measures in the overall EIA report, that registration and recording of wastewater discharge volume and quality and pretreatment facilities of all discharge units within the service area should be done, and service contract s be signed between the wastewater treatment companies and the discharge units to stipulate wastewater discharge volume and quality and raise specific wastewater auditing and monitoring requirements. During the operation, the environmental management organization should provide an annual environmental monitoring report before the end of January of the next year.

VII. Public Consultation

The public consultant for EA took place at the sub-project level by individual EA units with the methods of request forms, discussion meetings and random interviews. The results indicated that governmental agencies, experts and the residents in the related areas had a clear understanding of project benefits and potential adverse effect. Most think the adverse effects are tolerable and favor project construction on the whole.

From the suggestions and comments collected, the public was especially concerned about the following issues:

* Water price and wastewater treatment fee; * Water supply quality and protection of the water source; * Funding for the proper operation of WWTPs and efficiency of WWTP; * Wastewater reuse; * Whether the projects could be finished as scheduled; * The compensation on land requisition and occupation.

The above information indicated that environmental awareness of people in the project area is fairly well developed. Questions regarding project cost, water price, wastewater treatment fee has been conveyed to the owners and feasibility study institutions of the sub-projects. Issues regarding water quality, protection of water sources, wastewater treatment results, treated wastewater use and compensation on land

17 occupation have all been addressed in EIA reports of the sub-projects and the overall EIA report to different extents.

VIII. Conclusions Environmental impact analyses indicates that the proposed water supply and wastewater treatment projects have priority in the host cities. The implementation of the 1]LUEPproject will improve municipal water supply and wastewater treatment capacities, upgrade urban environment and living conditions of residents and provide an improved investment environment in these cities to a considerable degree. Also, the implementation of HUEP will provide a proper background and strong support for the social and economic development in these cities. The environmental and social benefits are significant. The implementation of HUEP will also provide solid support to achieve the environmental target of Hai river basin issued by SEPA of China.

Impacts during constructions phase are generally limited to the construction period and construction sites. Such impacts can be minimized through rational construction arrangement and proper protection measures, and there will be insignificant impact on living condition of the residents or agricultural production in the project areas. No large scale of resettlement is connected with the proposed project. Affected persons are limited. Compensation for permanent and temporary land occupation are already arranged. Public consultant indicated that the most of inquired person considered the temporary impacts during construction period are acceptable.

Site selection of the water plants and WWTPs are in compliance with the master urban development plans in related cities. Noise will be limited within the plant boundaries. Sludge from water purification with dewatering will be transported to urban landfill sites for use as covering soil. A large portion of sludge cake from wastewater treatrnent plants will be disposed to the landfills, while some of will be employed as a soil amendment.

For the water supply projects, the water sources are basically in compliance with Class II standard of GB3838-88. To maximize project benefits and ensure drinking water safety, environmental management for Douhe and Yuecheng reservoirs should be strengthened according to Water Pollution Prevention and Management Regulation on Drinking Water Sources.

The proposed water supply volumes of Tangshan and Handan cities are in compliance with the regional water resource allocation agreements signed by the state council, without effect on the other administration. Tangshan central water supply projects would have no impact on irrigation or other water users. However, the implementation of Handan water supply project would cause some adverse effects on irrigation water supply upstream and downstream of Yuecheng dam during extra-dry year. Investment and attractive policies should be given to develop water-saving irrigation in these areas by the local government.

18 Public consultation indicated that the inquired governmental agencies, independent experts and the majority of the residents considered that the proposed project would have significant benefits in improving living conditions of the residents, perfecting urban appearance and promoting economic development, and thus they are in favor of constructions of the HUEP project.

The following summarizes the major suggestions:

I Environmental management should be strengthened in the water source areas, and responsibilities for related agencies should be clarified. It is suggested that Handan municipal government make a cooperativr agreement with Anyang city and the authority of Yuecheng reservoir to build a protection zone and enforce environmental regulations for drinking water sources of the Yuecheng reservoir.

2 The implementation of Handan water supply project will cause limited adverse effects on the irrigation areas upstream and downstream of Yuecheng dam. It is suggested that Handan government should adjust the strategy for water resource application of Zhang river over time, and develop an attractive policy to support development of water-saving irrigation to minimize adverse effects on irrigation.

3 The upgrading of wastewater collection systems should be implemented with the construction of wastewater treatment plant to ensure the wastewater in service areas would be drained into the wastewater treatment plant on time.

4 Strengthen monitoring on influent to the WWTP and stress management of the automatic control equipment and instrumentation with a countermeasure plan for abnormal influent cases.

5 Strengthen wastewater auditing and monitoring in the service areas to ensure the influent complies with the standards of CJ16-86;

6 Sludge should be disposed of in a sanitary landfill timely. A sound plan for Shijiazhuang WWTP's sludge utilization should be carried out as early as possible for reducing the landfill volume occupation. It is recommended that the proposed sanitary landfill of Handan be built prior to operation of the proposed wastewater treatment plant. It is suggest that the capacity of composite fertilizer manufacture of Tangshan be designed as large with the technical and economic feasibility for reducing the landfill volume occupation. Also, for Tangshan WWTP, the raw sludge should be treated with lime before land fill.

19