Philippine Journal of Science 148 (S1): 133-140, Special Issue on Genomics ISSN 0031 - 7683 Date Received: 18 Mar 2019

DNA Barcodes Reveal High Genetic Diversity in Philippine Fruit

Adrian U. Luczon1*, Sofia Anne Marie M. Ampo1,2, John Gregor A. Roño1, Mariano Roy M. Duya1, Perry S. Ong1, and Ian Kendrich C. Fontanilla1,3

1Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines 2Rizal Medical Center, Pasig Blvd., Barangay Bagong Ilog Pasig City 1600 Philippines 3Philippine Genome Center, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines

Fruit bats of the family Pteropodidae is the third largest family in the order Chiroptera. There are 26 recorded species in the Philippines, 17 of which are endemic to the country. However, the number of species in the archipelago may still be underestimated. With the growing threats to biodiversity and dwindling number of taxonomists, DNA barcodes can assist with the problem by providing an accurate, rapid, and effective method of species recognition. To contribute to the barcoding endeavor and determine the diversity of Philippine fruit bats, a 542-base-pair portion of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene was sequenced from 111 individuals belonging to 19 pteropodid species. A neighbor-joining (NJ) and maximum likelihood (ML) tree was generated using the sequences in this study and other available sequences in Genbank and Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD). DNA barcodes were effective in delineating Philippine species. Closer inspection of the NJ tree revealed distinct [> 6% mean Kimura-2-parameter (K2P) distance] Philippine lineages for minimus, amplexicaudatus, wetmorei, and brachyotis relative to conspecifics from Southeast Asia. Between-island differentiation was also observed for the Philippine endemic Haplonycteris fischeri (> 7% mean between-island K2P distance). From this study, these species may be flagged for taxonomic reevaluation.

Keywords: COI gene, cryptic species, DNA barcoding, Pteropodidae

INTRODUCTION (Campbell et al. 2004, Galimberti et al. 2010). Looking at Vespertilionidae, Phyllostomidae, and Pteropodidae – the The catalog of mammalian species found in the Philippine three largest families of bats – the number of recognized archipelago is far from complete. Just recently, 28 new species in 2005 were 407, 160, and 186, respectively species of non-volant were discovered by (Simmons 2005). However, based on the latest record Heaney et al. (2016a). Certainly, more species can still in 2017 (ASM 2019), the number of species increased be discovered, especially in remote and unexplored parts considerably (Vespertiolionidae, 24.07%; Phyllostomidae, of the archipelago (Heaney et al. 2010). Species with 35%; and Pteropodidae 5.4%). cryptic morphology and habits may also contribute to the number of overlooked taxa, a common occurrence in bats Nevertheless, species are still endangered throughout the world and in the Philippines through activities such as *Corresponding Author: [email protected] habitat disturbance and overharvesting of (Francis

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et al. 2010). Globally, a quarter of the total mammalian robust record gathered by morphological taxonomists species is threatened with extinction, and half have (Hebert et al. 2003). declining populations (Myers et al. 2000). Conservation measures must therefore be put in place to maintain the The family of fruit bats, Pteropodidae, is one of the largest local biodiversity, and proper steps cannot be taken unless families within the order Chiroptera having around 45 species are correctly identified. genera and about 196 recognized species (ASM 2019). In the Philippines, there are about 26 recognized species As the number of classically trained taxonomists is (Tanalgo and Hughes 2018) – 17 of which (about 65%) dwindling (Hebert et al. 2003), a molecular method for are endemic to the country. identifying species known as DNA barcoding is gaining increasing importance as source of data for . COI barcodes for native and endemic Philippine fruit bat DNA barcoding uses a standard region of the genome as species are lacking. To contribute to current published a genetic marker for identifying species. In animals, the 5’ barcoding data for pteropodids, the study aims to end of the COI is the DNA barcode of choice. Although the obtain sequences of the COI gene of the fruit bats in the task of identifying and describing new species is ultimately Philippines. The study also aims to test the viability of the achieved through comprehensive taxonomic work, DNA marker in delineating the new COI records from existing barcoding and the data derived from it can significantly pteropodids in the database. A gene tree for Philippine bats facilitate the process by serving as a supplement to the and those in existing databases were constructed to assess identification provided by morphological taxonomists the fruit bat species diversity in the archipelago based on (Hajibabaei et al. 2007). It can also facilitate the COI. The study will not only be able to document DNA “democratization” of taxonomic knowledge by making diversity of bats but also have practical applications such expert taxonomic information available to non-experts as in wildlife forensics. in an applied context (Holloway 2006). As DNA sequences have become the major source of new information for advancing understanding of evolutionary MATERIALS AND METHODS and genetic relationships (Hajibabaei et al. 2007), the Sampling data obtained in this study may contribute substantially to current knowledge on chiropteran classification. In the Fruit bats were collected from 17 sites in the Philippines same way, DNA barcode libraries can serve as effective (see Figure 1). Samples used in this study came from identification systems for any regional bat fauna (Clare et various collections by the authors, as well as collections al. 2007). DNA barcode analysis and the methodology it by other researchers mentioned in the acknowledgments. employs can be applied in a standardized manner across large domains of life – overcoming the difficulty presented by conventional taxonomy, where multiple data types may be required, depending on the taxa being studied (Hajibabaei et al. 2007). Use of DNA barcodes translates to more species being examined in a shorter span of time with less cost. The profiles obtained from barcodes will be cost-effective in many taxonomic contexts. It is important to acknowledge that, at present, access to this new technology is not always readily available to everyone. Nevertheless, innovations in sequencing technology promise future reductions in the cost of DNA- based identifications (Hebert et al. 2003). DNA barcoding may also serve as the basis for a global bioidentification system for animals that will overcome the deficiencies of morphological approaches to species discrimination and allow single laboratories to execute taxon diagnoses across the full spectrum of life (Hebert et al. 2003). However, genetic differentiation has its limitations as it cannot incorporate the fossil record or older museum specimens with degraded material. A database of COI profiles coupled with other data (images, geographic Figure 1. Map showing the collection sites of specimens in this study. location, and other specimen data) can also serve as a

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Species identification was based on Ingle and Heaney Almeida et al. (2011) – was included as an outgroup in the (1992). Tissue samples collected came in the form of final data set. The list of specimens in this study can be found 2-mm wing punches from individuals that were captured in Appendix I, while the list of sequences from Genbank and released, or muscle from vouchered specimens. and BOLD used in the dataset can be found in Appendix II. Tissues collected were kept frozen or placed in a microcentrifuge tube with 95–100% ethanol. At least three The dataset was then aligned using MAFFT version 7 individuals per species were used for the study. (Katoh et al. 2017), followed by manual alignment as needed. The lengths of sequences were made uniform to 542 base pairs to accommodate sequences that were DNA Extraction, PCR Amplification, and shorter in length. The complete dataset included 817 Sequencing sequences, of which 111 are pteropodid sequences Genomic DNA was obtained from the tissues using the generated from this study. Promega™ Wizard® SV Genomic DNA Purification Kit (USA) following the manufacturer’s protocols. MEGA 7 (Kumar et al. 2016) was used to calculate The COI gene was amplified using the primers VF1 pairwise K2P distances needed to construct a COI gene (TTCTCAACCAACCACAARGAYATYGG) and VR1 tree. An NJ tree (Nei and Saitou 1987) with 1000 bootstrap (TAGACTTCTGGGTGGCCRAARAAYCA) (Ivanova replicates was constructed to view the groupings of the et al. 2006). Alternatively, the primer cocktail sequences. An ML tree using RaxML (Stamatakis 2014) (Ivanova et al. 2012) was used for other specimens. A 30- with 1000 bootstraps (rapid bootstrap algorithm) and a μL reaction mix was prepared using the genomic DNA, best-fit model of substitution acquired from jModelTest 2 primers, and Taq dNTPack (Roche, USA). The PCR reaction (Darriba et al. 2012) was also constructed to see if there is consisted of 5 μL 10x polymerase chain reaction (PCR) an alternative grouping for this study’s generated sequences. reaction buffer with 15 mM Mg2+, 1 μL 1.25 mM dNTP The substitution model GTR plus gamma and proportion of invariant sites (GTR+G+I) was selected as the best-fit mix, 10 μL Q buffer, 1 μL 25 mM MgCl2, 2.5 μL of 10 mM each of forward and reverse primers, 27.85 μL distilled model of substitution based on the Akaike Information water, 0.25 μL of 5 units/μL Taq polymerase, and 2.4 μL of Criterion (Akaike 1973). approximately 20 ng/μL DNA sample. PCR amplification was done in a Labnet MultiGene™ thermocycler under the following conditions: one cycle initial denaturation at 94 °C for 2 min; five cycles of 94 °C for 40 s, 45 °C for 45 s, and 72 RESULTS °C for 1.5 min; 35 cycles of 94 °C for 40 s, 51 °C for 45 s, and This study was able to generate 111 DNA barcodes, 72 °C for 1.5 min; and a final extension at 72 °C for 5 min. representing 19 of the 26 known Philippine pteropodid The PCR products were run on a 1% agarose gel and species. Of these species, 13 are new species records for visualized using EtBr-UV illumination. Bands formed the COI region. In addition, all generated barcodes are in the gel were excised and purified using QIAquick® new pteropodid records from the Philippines. DNA Extraction Kit (Qiagen, USA) following the Figures 2 and 3 are the NJ and ML gene trees, respectively, manufacturer’s protocols. The purified products were that were generated from the COI data set. Overall, mean sent to 1st BASE Pte. Ltd. in Malaysia or Macrogen Inc. intraspecific genetic K2P distance is significantly lower than in South Korea for DNA sequencing. interspecific and intergeneric distances (Table 1). However, overlaps between the ranges of these categories were observed. Sequence Analysis In particular, some interspecific and intergeneric pairwise Sequences provided by the service providers were distances exhibited small values (< 3% pairwise distance). assembled using the Staden Package (Staden et al. 2000). Examples of these cases are pairwise distances between Sequences and other data were uploaded to BOLD (Process the species pusillus and Epomophorous IDs BPHB092-16 – BPHB127-16, BPHB133-18 – gambianus, lylei and Pteropus vampyrus, and BPHB158-18, BPHP159-19 – BPHP207-19) and Genbank Macroglossus minimus and Macroglossus sobrinus from (Accession numbers MK585711 – MK585812, MK622922 - Genbank and BOLD. These cases where DNA barcodes fail MK622930). BOLD records are publicly available under the to distinguish species have been observed and discussed in dataset DS-PHPTERO (dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-PTERODS). other studies (Francis et al. 2010, Nesi et al. 2011). To see how the COI sequences generated from this study The topologies of the NJ and ML are vastly different at cluster with COI sequences of other species, COI sequences the internal nodes of the trees. However, there is general of pteropodid bats from GenBank and the BOLD were agreement between them regarding the groupings of included in the analysis. Finally, three individuals from the the generated sequences at the terminal nodes. On one family Rhinolophidae – a sister family based on the study of case, however, NJ and ML disagreed on the position of

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Figure 2. COI NJ tree for Pteropodidae dataset using K2P model Figure 3. COI ML tree for Pteropodidae dataset using GTR+G+I of substitution. Bootstrap supports 50% or greater are model of substitution. Bootstrap supports 50% or shown in the nodes. Clades with more than one sequence greater are shown in the nodes. Clades with more than have been compressed. Labels indicate scientific name one sequence have been compressed. Labels indicate and number of sequences for that taxon in the clade. Red scientific name and number of sequences for that taxon lines indicate Philippine pteropodid sequences generated in the clade. Scientific names in bold text indicate known in this study. Scientific names in bold text indicate known Philippine endemic species. Colored shapes indicate the Philippine endemic species. Colored shapes indicate geographic origin of the sequences from Genbank and the geographic origin of the sequences from Genbank BOLD: purple – Southeast Asia, red – East Asia, blue – and BOLD: purple – Southeast Asia, red – East Asia, South Asia, white – Middle East, yellow – Africa, and blue – South Asia, white – Middle East, yellow – Africa, black – Oceania. Red lines indicate sequences generated and black – Oceania. Scale indicates two nucleotide by this study. Scale indicates five nucleotide substitutions substitutions per 100 nucleotides. per 100 nucleotides.

Macroglossus minimus. In the NJ tree, M. minimus in SEA clade (bootstrap = 100%). Upon closer inspection of the Philippines (PH) forms a separate clade from the M. the ML tree, it is apparent that the M. minimus / M. sobrinus minimus / M. sobrinus clade from other Southeast Asian SEA is distinct from M. minimus PH (Figure 4). (SEA) countries (bootstrap = 99%). However, the ML tree places M. minimus PH within the M. minimus / M. sobrinus Most of the species collected in the Philippines show barcode sequences that are unique. Only sequences of

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Table 1. Summary of pairwise genetic distance at different categories: PH – sequences generated in this study, SEA – sequences from Southeast Asia available in Genbank and BOLD. Pairwise category Mean distance (%) Minimum (%) Maximum (%) Overall intraspecific distance 1.39 0 16.2 Overall interspecific distance 19.87 0 27.10

Overall intergeneric distance 20.36 0 27.10 M. minimus PH vs. SEA 6.63 6.00 7.60 R. amplexicaudatus PH vs. SEA 12.75 11.20 13.50 C. brachyotis PH vs. SEA 11.45 9.60 12.80 M. wetmorei PH vs. SEA 16.20 16.20 16.20 H. fischeri Mindoro vs. Mindanao islands 7.17 6.90 7.50 H. fischeri Mindoro vs. Luzon islands 7.80 7.10 8.30 H. fischeri Mindanao vs. Luzon islands 7.29 6.70 8.00

Eonycteris spelaea and Pteropus hypomelanus generated in this study have nested within their respective conspecifics in BOLD and Genbank. For the rest of the species, COI sequences generated in this study formed distinct lineages. The 13 new species barcodes each formed distinct and well-supported clades in the trees (NJ bootstrap = 99%, ML bootstrap = 83–100%) and therefore show that COI is effective in identifying them as separate species. Results also show that COI sequences can be used to delineate Philippine fruit bat species from their conspecific counterparts in Asia. For example, as previously mentioned, Philippine lineages of M. minimus are distinct from the M. minimus / M. sobrinus clade from other SEA countries. Between the two groups, a high K2P distance of 6.63% was observed. The same can be said for Rousettus amplexicaudatus where the Philippine clade has a mean K2P distance of 12.75% from its SEA counterpart. Sequences of Megaerops wetmorei generated in this study did not group with its congenerics. Instead, the group was observed to be a sister clade of the and Cynopterus. Lastly, it was observed that C. brachyotis sequences did not form a monophyletic group. Instead, the Philippine lineage was distinct from the SEA lineage (mean K2P distance = 11.45%) and both formed a species complex with C. horsfieldii and C. sphinx (see Table 1). Interisland variations were observed for the endemic Haplonycteris fischeri. In the NJ and ML trees, the species split into three groups that represent the specimens collected from mainland Luzon, Mindoro Island, and Mindanao Island. On average, these three lineages had an interisland K2P distance of 7.50% (range: 6.67–8.30%), Figure 4. Sub-tree of the M. minimus / M. sobrinus clade from Figure 3 showing the Philippine clade (red line) and Southeast which indicates that COI was able to detect genetically Asian clade (black line). Scale indicates five nucleotides distinct populations for this taxon. substitutions per 1000 nucleotides.

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DISCUSSION amplexicaudatus in the Philippines was assigned to R. a. amplexicaudatus together with populations from This study provides the first records of Philippine barcodes mainland Southeast Asia, Borneo, Timor, Maluku, and of the family Pteropodidae and is a complement to Papua New Guinea. However, the high K2P distance previous efforts on DNA barcoding of pteropodid bats (12.70%) between the PH clade and SEA clade seems to within Southeast Asia (Francis et al. 2010). indicate cryptic speciation for R. amplexicaudatus in the Results in this study show that the COI barcode is effective country. Similarly, M. minimus PH, which is traditionally in distinguishing fruit bat species. DNA barcoding placed under M. minimus lagochilus (Maryanto and relies on the capability of a standard genetic marker to Kitchener 1999), is distinct from other members of the distinguish between species. A marker of choice must be subspecies. In the case of M. wetmorei, the divergence able to separate intraspecific variation and interspecific of the Philippine samples from the one M. wetmorei divergence for it to accurately differentiate between sample from Malaysia (Genbank accession number = species (Meyer and Paulay 2005). The COI gene can HM540878) may reflect subspecies divergence between ideally distinguish between closely related species – even M. w. wetmorei (where Philippine species belong) and M. between haplotypes and geographic variants – owing to w. albicolis (Francis 1989). Future studies should sample a high rate of evolution that easily produces divergent across the biogeographic ranges of these species and use sequences (Hebert et al. 2003, Clare et al. 2007, Francis more markers to be able to clarify the taxonomic status et al. 2010). of the Philippine lineages. Both the NJ and ML trees show well-supported clades In the case of the endemic H. fischeri, three distinct island for the sequences generated in this study. Moreover, they lineages were observed. This result agrees with the study generally agree with each other in terms of the groupings of Roberts (2006) regarding the diversity of H. fischeri. at the terminal nodes of the trees, which is important In their study, cytochrome b and ND2 sequences revealed for the objectives of DNA barcoding. In the case of the divergence of this species between islands. The presence of discordance between the NJ and ML trees with regards a unique lineage in each Pleistocene island complex (Brown to the placement of M. minimus PH, it was observed that and Diesmos 2002) gives evidence to how the configuration sequences of the group had a relatively higher mutation of the Philippine archipelago during this geologic time rate than the rest of the M. minimus sequences. In addition, period influenced the splitting of these lineages. all sequences still clustered together and formed a distinct Most of the barcodes for pteropodid species in the lineage. Overall, the use of NJ trees with K2P distances Philippines represent distinct COI lineages. However, is sufficient in delineating species, at least for Philippine these unique lineages must be studied further to confirm fruit bats in our dataset. if they are indeed a different species. Using single Past studies have revealed high diversity and endemicity mitochondrial gene is prone to bias, usually against of bats through DNA barcodes (Clare et al. 2007, Francis recently diverged or currently diverging species and taxa et al. 2010). This study supports this idea for the Philippine whose reproductive isolation times are highly variable, species as can be observed for the lineages of the new lending possibility to the underestimation of diversity of records and in Philippine lineages of C. brachyotis, M. the taxon being studied (Song et al. 2008). Introgression minimus, M. wetmorei, and R. amplexicaudatus. The high – the repeated backcrossing of existing hybrids – is also endemicity and diversity in the Philippine archipelago can known to interfere with the resolution of relationships be attributed to its unique geological history (Heaney and using a single gene (Hickerson et al. 2006). Indeed, the Roberts 2009, Heaney et al. 2016b). value of DNA barcoding is to flag species in need of taxonomic revision and perform more robust analyses The distinct Philippine lineage of C. brachyotis has been (Hajibabaei et al. 2007). In future studies, it is prudent to documented in a previous study. Based on cytochrome b use more genetic markers and to sample across the whole and control region sequences, Campbell et al. (2004) noted species range in order to be more precise in estimating the presence of a species complex across the range of C. the diversity of a species. If substantial evidence has been brachyotis. Their study observed at least six distinct lineages gathered to prove that a species within a certain geographic in Southeast Asia, one of which is in the Philippines. This range is a different species or – at the very least – a and our study lend support to the reassignment of C. unique genetic lineage, governments and conservation brachyotis to C. luzoniensis (Peters, 1861). organizations such as CITES must recognize these species Rookmaaker and Bergmans (1981) suggested three as a separate conservation unit, and therefore requires its subspecies under R. amplexicaudatus based on morphology own resource for conservation efforts. – R. a. amplexicaudatus (Geoffroy, 1810); R. a. infumatus (Gray 1870); and R. a. brachyotis (Dobson 1877). R.

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APPENDIX

Table I. List of specimens collected in this study. Species BOLD process ID Genbank Accession # Location of collection jubatus BPHB198-19 MK585769 Dona Remedios Trinidad, Bulacan BPHB126-16 MK585751 Castilla, Sorsogon Alionycteris paucidentata BPHB134-18 MK585756 Bukidnon BPHB135-18 MK585798 Bukidnon BPHB133-18 MK585726 Bukidnon Cynopterus brachyotis BPHB173-19 MK585783 Occidental Mindoro BPHB189-19 MK585759 Palanan, Isabela BPHB186-19 MK585772 Palanan, Isabela BPHB138-18 MK585743 Siquijor BPHB136-18 MK585722 Kalinga BPHB172-19 MK585753 Magsaysay, Occidental Mindoro BPHB171-19 MK585785 Magsaysay, Occidental Mindoro BPHB137-18 MK585742 Northern Mindanao BPHB103-16 MK585715 Taytay, Rizal BPHB102-16 MK585797 Taytay, Rizal BPHB094-16 MK585717 Taytay, Rizal BPHB093-16 MK585739 Taytay, Rizal BPHB092-16 MK585802 Taytay, Rizal leucopterus BPHB205-19 MK622928 Palanan, Isabela BPHB204-19 MK622927 Palanan, Isabela BPHB193-19 MK585766 Palanan, Isabela BPHB192-19 MK585773 Palanan, Isabela BPHB191-19 MK585757 Palanan, Isabela BPHB127-16 MK585796 Mt. Makiling, Laguna rickarti BPHB139-18 MK585794 Bukidnon BPHB141-18 MK585790 Compostela Valley BPHB140-18 MK585732 Compostela Valley robusta BPHB199-19 MK622922 Palanan, Isabela BPHB177-19 MK585740 Dona Remedios Trinidad, Bulacan BPHB197-19 MK585763 Palanan, Isabela BPHB196-19 MK585780 Palanan, Isabela BPHB179-19 MK585721 Dona Remedios Trinidad, Bulacan BPHB178-19 MK585789 Dona Remedios Trinidad, Bulacan BPHB108-16 MK585779 Mt. Makiling, Laguna BPHB113-16 MK585786 Palanan, Isabela BPHB112-16 MK585793 Palanan, Isabela BPHB110-16 MK585767 Palanan, Isabela BPHB109-16 MK585777 Palanan, Isabela BPHB195-19 MK585737 Palanan, Isabela

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Eonycteris spelaea BPHB201-19 MK622924 Samal Island, Davao del Norte BPHB200-19 MK622923 Samal Island, Davao del Norte BPHB162-19 MK585799 Magsaysay, Occidental Mindoro BPHB161-19 MK585745 Magsaysay, Occidental Mindoro BPHB159-19 MK585712 Magsaysay, Occidental Mindoro BPHB107-16 MK585741 Diliman, Quezon City Haplonycteris fischeri BPHB119-16 MK585750 Palanan, Isabela BPHB115-16 MK585809 Mt. Makiling, Laguna BPHB143-18 MK585727 Bukidnon BPHB142-18 MK585765 Bukidnon BPHB184-19 MK585734 Palanan, Isabela BPHB183-19 MK585733 Palanan, Isabela BPHB182-19 MK585764 Palanan, Isabela BPHB181-19 MK585746 Palanan, Isabela BPHB180-19 MK585761 Palanan, Isabela BPHB118-16 MK585747 Roxas, Oriental Mindoro BPHB117-16 MK585800 Roxas, Oriental Mindoro BPHB116-16 MK585735 Roxas, Oriental Mindoro BPHB144-18 MK585718 Bukidnon BPHB114-16 MK585791 Palanan, Isabela whiteheadi BPHB147-18 MK585744 Bukidnon BPHB146-18 MK585774 Bukidnon BPHB145-18 MK585771 Bukidnon Macroglossus minimus BPHB207-19 MK622930 Palanan, Isabela BPHB206-19 MK622929 Palanan, Isabela BPHB190-19 MK585781 Palanan, Isabela BPHB106-16 MK585714 Mt. Makiling, Laguna BPHB105-16 MK585725 Mt. Makiling, Laguna Megaerops wetmorei BPHB150-18 MK585770 Bukidnon BPHB149-18 MK585795 Northern Mindanao BPHB148-18 MK585711 Northern Mindanao rabori BPHB152-18 MK585752 Sibuyan, Romblon BPHB151-18 MK585748 Sibuyan, Romblon Otopteropus cartilagonodus BPHB122-16 MK585758 Mt. Tapulao, Zambales BPHB120-16 MK585729 Mt. Tapulao, Zambales BPHB124-16 MK585716 Mt. Tapulao, Zambales BPHB123-16 MK585760 Mt. Tapulao, Zambales BPHB121-16 MK585728 Mt. Tapulao, Zambales

142 Special Issue on Genomics Luczon et al.: DNA barcoding of Philippine fruit bats

Ptenochirus jagori BPHB175-19 MK585812 Occidental Mindoro BPHB194-19 MK585801 Palanan, Isabela BPHB188-19 MK585805 Palanan, Isabela BPHB187-19 MK585792 Palanan, Isabela BPHB104-16 MK585788 Manito, Albay BPHB169-19 MK585720 Magsaysay, Occidental Mindoro BPHB168-19 MK585804 Magsaysay, Occidental Mindoro BPHB101-16 MK585762 Taytay, Rizal BPHB100-16 MK585810 Taytay, Rizal BPHB099-16 MK585806 Taytay, Rizal BPHB098-16 MK585719 Diliman, Quezon City BPHB097-16 MK585775 Diliman, Quezon City BPHB096-16 MK585736 Diliman, Quezon City BPHB095-16 MK585787 Diliman, Quezon City Ptenochirus minor BPHB154-18 MK585738 Bukidnon BPHB153-18 MK585754 Bukidnon BPHB155-18 MK585803 Mt. Tapulao, Zambales Pteropus hypomelanus BPHB174-19 MK585778 Occidental Mindoro BPHB164-19 MK585730 Magsaysay, Occidental Mindoro BPHB163-19 MK585811 Magsaysay, Occidental Mindoro Pteropus pumilus BPHB176-19 MK585724 Occidental Mindoro BPHB170-19 MK585776 Magsaysay, Occidental Mindoro BPHB165-19 MK585755 San Jose, Occidental Mindoro Rousettus amplexicaudatus BPHB203-19 MK622926 Samal Island, Davao del Norte BPHB202-19 MK622925 Samal Island, Davao del Norte BPHB185-19 MK585808 Palanan, Isabela BPHB167-19 MK585807 San Jose, Occidental Mindoro BPHB166-19 MK585768 San Jose, Occidental Mindoro BPHB160-19 MK585731 Magsaysay, Occidental Mindoro BPHB125-16 MK585784 Mt. Makiling, Laguna BPHB111-16 MK585723 Palanan, Isabela mindorensis BPHB158-18 MK585713 Occidental Mindoro BPHB157-18 MK585749 Occidental Mindoro BPHB156-18 MK585782 Occidental Mindoro

143 Special Issue on Genomics Luczon et al.: DNA barcoding of Philippine fruit bats

Table II. List of sequences downloaded from BOLD and Genbank. Species Genbank BOLD Process ID Accession Species Genbank BOLD Process ID Accession HM540809 ABBM291-05 Macroglossus minimus HM540783 BM258-04 GU684755 ABBSI128-09 JQ365651 ABBSI327-11 GU684763 ABBSI136-09 HM540775 ABRVN444-06 HM540829 ABRSS335-06 HM540779 ABRVN440-06 HM540822 ABRVN451-06 HM540805 ABRSS028-06 HM540818 ABRVN455-06 HM540793 ABRSS043-06 HM540817 ABRVN456-06 HM540794 ABRSS044-06 HM540816 ABRVN457-06 HM540795 ABRSS045-06 HM540826 ABRVN458-06 HM540796 ABRSS074-06 HM540814 ABRVN460-06 HM540797 ABRSS075-06 HM540813 ABRVN461-06 HM540798 ABRSS076-06 HM540812 ABRVN462-06 JF459656 ABRSS079-06 HM540811 ABRVN463-06 HM540799 ABRSS080-06 HM540810 ABRVN464-06 JF459657 ABRSS081-06 HM540827 ABRVN465-06 HM540800 ABRSS082-06 HM540825 ABRVN572-06 HM540801 ABRSS083-06 HM540808 BM479-04 HM540802 ABRSS084-06 HM540823 BM565-04 HM540804 ABRSS086-06 HM540807 BM655-05 HM540784 ABRSS087-06 KY315495 HM540785 ABRSS088-06 KY315496 HM540786 ABRSS112-06 HM540787 ABRSS113-06 fardoulisi DQ487811 GBMA983-07 HM540788 ABRSS114-06 DQ487815 GBMA2211-09 HM540789 ABRSS115-06 DQ487809 GBMA985-07 HM540790 ABRSS116-06 DQ487814 GBMA2212-09 HM540791 ABRSS117-06 DQ487817 GBMA977-07 HM540792 ABRSS118-06 DQ487812 GBMA982-07 HM540780 ABRVN439-06 DQ487810 GBMA984-07 HM540778 ABRVN441-06 DQ487808 GBMA986-07 HM540777 ABRVN442-06 DQ487807 GBMA987-07 HM540776 ABRVN443-06 DQ487803 GBMA991-07 HM540774 ABRVN445-06 DQ487802 GBMA992-07 HM540773 ABRVN446-06 DQ487801 GBMA993-07 HM540782 ABRVN447-06 HM540781 BM563-04 Melonycteris woodfordi DQ487794 GBMA1000-07 DQ487793 GBMA1001-07

Macroglossus sobrinus HM540821 ABRVN452-06 DQ487792 GBMA1002-07 HM540815 ABRVN459-06 DQ487797 GBMA2215-09 HM540820 ABRVN453-06 DQ487796 GBMA2216-09 HM540819 ABRVN454-06 HM540824 BM239-03 Rousettus aegyptiacus JF442679 ABCDC375-08 HM540828 ABBM251-05 JF442630 ABCDC064-07

144 Special Issue on Genomics Luczon et al.: DNA barcoding of Philippine fruit bats

Species Genbank BOLD Process ID Species Genbank BOLD Process ID Accession Accession JF442632 ABCDC096-07 JF444437 ABRMM027-06 JF442633 ABCDC097-07 JF444438 ABRMM028-06 JF442634 ABCDC099-07 JF444439 ABRMM029-06 JF442636 ABCDC101-07 JF444440 ABRMM030-06 JF442637 ABCDC102-07 JF444442 ABRMM032-06 JF442638 ABCDC103-07 JF444443 ABRMM060-07 JF442639 ABCDC105-07 JX282963 GBMA5663-13 JF442640 ABCDC106-07 JF728637 GBMA3961-12 JF442641 ABCDC107-07 ABBWP066-06 JF442642 ABCDC113-07 ABBWP211-07 JF442644 ABCDC115-07 ABBWP258-07 JF442645 ABCDC116-07 ABBWP354-07 JF442646 ABCDC117-07 JF442647 ABCDC118-07 Melonycteris melanops DQ487786 GBMA1008-07 JF442648 ABCDC119-07 DQ487791 GBMA1003-07 JF442649 ABCDC120-07 DQ487790 GBMA1004-07 JF442650 ABCDC121-07 DQ487789 GBMA1005-07 JF442651 ABCDC122-07 JF442653 ABCDC129-07 helvum JF442371 ABCDC156-07 JF442654 ABCDC169-07 JF442372 ABCDC157-07 JF442655 ABCDC170-07 JF442373 ABCDC158-07 JF442656 ABCDC171-07 JF442374 ABCDC159-07 JF442657 ABCDC172-07 JF442375 ABCDC160-07 JF442658 ABCDC173-07 JF442376 ABCDC161-07 JF442659 ABCDC174-07 JF442377 ABCDC162-07 JF442662 ABCDC177-07 JF442378 ABCDC166-07 JF442663 ABCDC178-07 JF442379 ABCDC167-07 JF442664 ABCDC187-07 JF442380 ABCDC168-07 JF442665 ABCDC188-07 JF442383 ABCDC287-07 JF442666 ABCDC189-07 JF442384 ABCDC295-07 JF442667 ABCDC190-07 JF442385 ABCDC296-07 JF442668 ABCDC191-07 JF442386 ABCDC297-07 JF442669 ABCDC192-07 JF442387 ABCDC298-07 JF442670 ABCDC193-07 JF442381 ABCDC306-07 JF442671 ABCDC194-07 JF442382 ABCDC346-07 JF442678 ABCDC299-07 JX282936 GBMA5690-13 JF442673 ABCDC307-07 ABBWP308-07 JF442675 ABCDC333-07 ABBWP310-07 JF442676 ABCDC340-07 ABBWP322-07 JF442677 ABCDC345-07 ABBWP357-07 JF444434 ABRMM023-06 JF444435 ABRMM025-06 Pteropus hypomelanus JQ365652 ABBSI330-11 JF444436 ABRMM026-06

145 Special Issue on Genomics Luczon et al.: DNA barcoding of Philippine fruit bats

Species Genbank BOLD Process ID Species Genbank BOLD Process ID Accession Accession Pteropus vampyrus HM541308 ABRVN411-06 JQ599911 ABRCY037-06 HM541309 BM558-04 JQ599912 ABRCY038-06 JQ599913 ABRCY039-06 Cynopterus sphinx HM540231 ABCMA659-07 JQ599914 ABRCY040-06 HM540229 ABCMA655-07 JQ599915 ABRCY041-06 HM540230 ABCMA656-07 JQ599916 ABRCY042-06 JQ599976 ABRCY108-06 JQ599917 ABRCY043-06 JQ599941 ABRCY071-06 JQ599918 ABRCY044-06 HM540240 ABRLA132-06 JQ599919 ABRCY045-06 HM540219 ABCMA638-07 JQ599920 ABRCY047-06 JQ599958 ABRCY090-06 JQ599921 ABRCY048-06 HM540228 ABCMA654-07 JQ599922 ABRCY049-06 HM540210 BM090-03 JQ599923 ABRCY050-06 HM540216 BM167-03 JQ599924 ABRCY051-06 HM540217 BM077-03 JQ599925 ABRCY052-06 HM540215 ABBSI089-07 JQ599926 ABRCY055-06 HM540214 ABBSI095-07 JQ599927 ABRCY056-06 HM540213 ABBSI096-07 JQ599928 ABRCY057-06 GU684748 ABBSI127-09 JQ599929 ABRCY058-06 GU684776 ABBSI154-09 JQ599930 ABRCY059-06 HM914954 ABBSI254-10 JQ599931 ABRCY060-06 HM540234 ABCMA588-07 JQ599932 ABRCY061-06 HM540220 ABCMA644-07 JQ599933 ABRCY062-06 HM540221 ABCMA645-07 JQ599934 ABRCY063-06 HM540222 ABCMA646-07 JQ599935 ABRCY064-06 HM540223 ABCMA647-07 JQ599936 ABRCY065-06 HM540224 ABCMA649-07 JQ599937 ABRCY066-06 HM540225 ABCMA651-07 JQ599938 ABRCY067-06 HM540226 ABCMA652-07 JQ599939 ABRCY069-06 HM540227 ABCMA653-07 JQ599942 ABRCY072-06 HM540232 ABCMA660-07 JQ599943 ABRCY073-06 HM540233 ABCMA661-07 JQ599944 ABRCY074-06 HM540235 ABCMA673-07 JQ599945 ABRCY075-06 HM540236 ABCMA674-07 JQ599946 ABRCY076-06 HM540237 ABCMA675-07 JQ599947 ABRCY077-06 JQ599903 ABRCY029-06 JQ599948 ABRCY078-06 JQ599904 ABRCY030-06 JQ599949 ABRCY079-06 JQ599905 ABRCY031-06 JQ599950 ABRCY080-06 JQ599906 ABRCY032-06 JQ599952 ABRCY082-06 JQ599907 ABRCY033-06 JQ599953 ABRCY083-06 JQ599908 ABRCY034-06 JQ599954 ABRCY084-06 JQ599909 ABRCY035-06 JQ599956 ABRCY086-06 JQ599910 ABRCY036-06 JQ599957 ABRCY087-06

146 Special Issue on Genomics Luczon et al.: DNA barcoding of Philippine fruit bats

Species Genbank BOLD Process ID Species Genbank BOLD Process ID Accession Accession JQ599959 ABRCY091-06 JF444109 ABRVN007-06 JQ599961 ABRCY093-06 KY315501 JQ599964 ABRCY096-06 JQ599965 ABRCY097-06 Rousettus leschenaultii HM541873 ABCMA563-07 JQ599967 ABRCY099-06 HM541874 ABCMA625-07 JQ599968 ABRCY100-06 HM541870 ABCMA634-07 JQ599969 ABRCY101-06 HM541871 ABCMA643-07 JQ599970 ABRCY102-06 HM541872 ABCMA664-07 JQ599979 ABRCY111-06 HM541875 ABCMA672-07 JQ599980 ABRCY112-06 HM541876 ABCMA680-07 JQ599981 ABRCY113-06 HM541877 ABCMA681-07 JQ599982 ABRCY114-06 HM541878 ABCMA682-07 JQ599983 ABRCY115-06 HM541879 ABCMA683-07 JQ599984 ABRCY116-06 HM541880 ABCMA684-07 JQ599985 ABRCY117-06 HM541881 ABCMA685-07 JQ599873 ABRCY136-06 HM541882 ABCMA686-07 JQ599874 ABRCY137-06 HM541883 ABCMA687-07 JQ599875 ABRCY139-06 HM541884 ABCMA688-07 HM540238 ABRLA082-06 HM541885 ABCMA689-07 HM540239 ABRLA083-06 HM541886 ABRVN006-06 HM540218 BM522-04 HM541867 ABRVN025-06 HM540209 BM594-04 HM541868 ABRVN448-06 JX282935 GBMA5691-13 HM541869 BM562-04 HQ580344 KP975231 KT291769 Eonycteris spelaea HM540258 ABRVN173-06 Pteropus giganteus KT291772 HM540261 ABRVN002-06 HM540254 ABRVN035-06 Pteropus lylei HM541306 ABRVN407-06 HM540257 ABBM095-05 HM541305 ABRVN408-06 HM540259 ABBM103-05 HM541304 ABRVN409-06 HM540251 ABBM316-05 HM541302 ABRVN410-06 JF443875 ABMUS064-06 HM541307 ABRVN412-06 HM540260 ABRVN001-06 HM541303 BM557-04 HM540262 ABRVN003-06 KP975225 HM540263 ABRVN004-06 HM540264 ABRVN005-06 Rousettus amplexicaudatus HM541862 BM040-03 HM540253 ABRVN036-06 HM541861 BM186-03 HM540252 ABRVN037-06 HM541857 ABBM096-05 HM540265 ABRVN392-06 HM541858 ABBM107-05 HM540256 ABRVN449-06 HM541859 ABBM116-05 HM540255 BM279-04 HM541863 ABBM117-05 HM540249 BM451-04 HM541865 ABRLA133-06 HM540248 BM656-05

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Species Genbank BOLD Process ID Species Genbank BOLD Process ID Accession Accession KT291761 JX282943 GBMA5683-13

Scotonycteris zenkeri JF444229 ABRAF044-06 azagnyi JX282948 GBMA5678-13 JF444230 ABRAF051-06 JX282947 GBMA5679-13 JX282946 GBMA5680-13 Lissonycteris angolensis JF442423 ABCDC198-07 JF442424 ABCDC204-07 Rousettus lanosus JX282965 GBMA5661-13 JF442426 ABCDC214-07 (Stenonycteris lanosus) JX282964 GBMA5662-13 JF442427 ABCDC215-07 JF442428 ABCDC219-07 franqueti JX282938 GBMA5688-13 JF442429 ABCDC220-07 JF728635 GBMA3962-12 JF442430 ABCDC221-07 JF442431 ABCDC222-07 Nanonycteris veldkampii JF444185 ABRAF096-06 JF442432 ABCDC223-07 JF444186 ABRAF097-06 JF442433 ABCDC224-07 JF444187 ABRAF098-06 JX282942 GBMA5684-13 JF444188 ABRAF099-06 JX282941 GBMA5685-13 JF444189 ABRAF100-06 JX282940 GBMA5686-13 JF444190 ABRAF111-06 JX282939 GBMA5687-13 KY385387 Epomophorus wahlbergi JF442391 ABCDC271-07 JF442392 ABCDC273-07 leptodon JX282958 GBMA5668-13 JF442393 ABCDC277-07 JX282957 GBMA5669-13 JF442394 ABCDC280-07 JX282956 GBMA5670-13 JF442395 ABCDC347-07 JX282955 GBMA5671-13 JF442396 ABCDC348-07 JX282954 GBMA5672-13 JF442397 ABCDC349-07 JX282953 GBMA5673-13 Epomophorus labiatus JF442388 ABCDC275-07 Myonycteris brachycephala JX282951 GBMA5675-13 JF442389 ABCDC290-07 JX282950 GBMA5676-13 JF442390 ABCDC292-07 ABBWP288-07 Myonycteris torquata JX282962 GBMA5664-13 ABBWP299-07 JX282961 GBMA5665-13 ABBWP347-07 JX282960 GBMA5666-13 ABBWP367-07 JX282959 GBMA5667-13 ABBWP369-07 JF728636 GBMA3900-12 Micropteropus pusillus JX282949 GBMA5677-13 Myonycteris relicta JX282952 GBMA5674-13 JF728610 GBMA3913-12 JF728608 GBMA3914-12 Megaloglossus woermanni JF444181 ABRAF018-06 JF728606 GBMA3915-12 JF444182 ABRAF074-06 JF728604 GBMA3916-12 JX282945 GBMA5681-13 JF728602 GBMA3917-12 JX282944 GBMA5682-13 JF728600 GBMA3918-12

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Species Genbank BOLD Process ID Species Genbank BOLD Process ID Accession Accession JF728598 GBMA3919-12 JF728609 GBMA3975-12 JF728596 GBMA3920-12 JF728607 GBMA3976-12 JF728594 GBMA3921-12 JF728605 GBMA3977-12 JF728592 GBMA3922-12 JF728603 GBMA3978-12 JF728590 GBMA3923-12 JF728601 GBMA3979-12 JF728588 GBMA3924-12 JF728599 GBMA3980-12 JF728586 GBMA3925-12 JF728597 GBMA3981-12 JF728584 GBMA3926-12 JF728595 GBMA3982-12 JF728582 GBMA3927-12 JF728593 GBMA3983-12 JF728580 GBMA3928-12 JF728591 GBMA3984-12 JF728578 GBMA3929-12 JF728589 GBMA3985-12 JF728576 GBMA3930-12 JF728587 GBMA3986-12 JF728574 GBMA3931-12 JF728585 GBMA3987-12 JF728572 GBMA3932-12 JF728583 GBMA3988-12 JF728570 GBMA3933-12 JF728581 GBMA3989-12 JF728568 GBMA3934-12 JF728579 GBMA3990-12 JF728566 GBMA3935-12 JF728577 GBMA3991-12 JF728564 GBMA3936-12 JF728575 GBMA3992-12 JF728562 GBMA3937-12 JF728573 GBMA3993-12 JF728560 GBMA3938-12 JF728571 GBMA3994-12 JF728558 GBMA3939-12 JF728569 GBMA3995-12 JF728556 GBMA3940-12 JF728567 GBMA3996-12 JF728554 GBMA3941-12 JF728565 GBMA3997-12 JF728552 GBMA3942-12 JF728563 GBMA3998-12 JF728550 GBMA3943-12 JF728561 GBMA3999-12 JF728548 GBMA3944-12 JF728559 GBMA4000-12 JF728546 GBMA3945-12 JF728557 GBMA4001-12 JF728544 GBMA3946-12 JF728555 GBMA4002-12 JF728542 GBMA3947-12 JF728553 GBMA4003-12 JF728540 GBMA3948-12 JF728551 GBMA4004-12 JF728538 GBMA3949-12 JF728549 GBMA4005-12 JF728536 GBMA3950-12 JF728547 GBMA4006-12 JF728534 GBMA3951-12 JF728545 GBMA4007-12 JF728532 GBMA3952-12 JF728543 GBMA4008-12 JF728530 GBMA3953-12 JF728541 GBMA4009-12 JF728528 GBMA3954-12 JF728539 GBMA4010-12 JF728526 GBMA3955-12 JF728537 GBMA4011-12 JF728524 GBMA3956-12 JF728535 GBMA4012-12 JF728522 GBMA3957-12 JF728533 GBMA4013-12 JF728520 GBMA3958-12 JF728531 GBMA4014-12 JF728518 GBMA3959-12 JF728529 GBMA4015-12 JF728516 GBMA3960-12 JF728527 GBMA4016-12 JF728611 GBMA3974-12 JF728525 GBMA4017-12

149 Special Issue on Genomics Luczon et al.: DNA barcoding of Philippine fruit bats

Species Genbank BOLD Process ID Species Genbank BOLD Process ID Accession Accession JF728523 GBMA4018-12 HM540874 ABRLA061-06 JF728521 GBMA4019-12 HM540875 ABRLA131-06 JF728519 GBMA4020-12 HM540876 ABRLA152-06 JF728517 GBMA4021-12 HM540877 ABRLA153-06 JF728515 GBMA4022-12 HM540866 ABRVN205-06 HM540865 ABRVN213-06 Epomophorus gambianus JX282937 GBMA5689-13 HM540864 ABRVN214-06 JF728634 GBMA3901-12 HM540870 ABRVN215-06 JF728632 GBMA3902-12 HM540863 ABRVN216-06 JF728630 GBMA3903-12 HM540862 ABRVN219-06 JF728628 GBMA3904-12 HM540861 ABRVN220-06 JF728626 GBMA3905-12 HM540860 ABRVN221-06 JF728624 GBMA3906-12 HM540859 ABRVN222-06 JF728622 GBMA3907-12 HM540858 ABRVN231-06 JF728620 GBMA3908-12 HM540857 ABRVN232-06 JF728618 GBMA3909-12 HM540856 ABRVN233-06 JF728616 GBMA3910-12 HM540855 ABRVN241-06 JF728614 GBMA3911-12 HM540854 ABRVN242-06 JF728612 GBMA3912-12 HM540853 ABRVN246-06 JF728633 GBMA3963-12 HM540871 ABRVN325-06 JF728631 GBMA3964-12 HM540847 ABRVN404-06 JF728629 GBMA3965-12 HM540872 ABRVN497-06 JF728627 GBMA3966-12 HM540873 ABRVN498-06 JF728625 GBMA3967-12 HM540868 BM529-04 JF728623 GBMA3968-12 HQ580345 JF728621 GBMA3969-12 HQ580346 JF728619 GBMA3970-12 JF728617 GBMA3971-12 Megaerops wetmorei HM540878 BM480-04 JF728615 GBMA3972-12 JF728613 GBMA3973-12 Megaerops kusnotoi HM540840 BM278-03

Megaerops niphanae HM540869 BM174-03 Megaerops ecaudatus JF443968 ABRSS360-06 HM540867 ABRVN192-06 HM540839 BM428-04 HM540842 BM021-03 HM540852 BM067-03 Cynopterus titthaecheilus HM540241 BM267-03 HM540849 BM185-03 JQ599876 ABRCY001-06 HM540851 BM187-03 HM540846 BM200-03 Cynopterus brachyotis HM540199 BM260-03 HM540850 BM224-03 HM540198 BM270-03 HM540843 ABBM112-05 JN312461 ABRCY002-06 HM540848 ABBM137-05 HM540201 BM183-03 HM540844 ABBM187-05 HM540196 ABBSI039-04 HM540845 ABBM225-05 JQ599877 ABRCY003-06

150 Special Issue on Genomics Luczon et al.: DNA barcoding of Philippine fruit bats

Species Genbank BOLD Process ID Species Genbank BOLD Process ID Accession Accession JQ599879 ABRCY005-06 JQ599902 ABRCY028-06 JQ599880 ABRCY006-06 JQ599851 ABRCY118-06 JQ599940 ABRCY070-06 JQ599852 ABRCY120-06 JQ599951 ABRCY081-06 JQ599853 ABRCY121-06 JQ599955 ABRCY085-06 JQ599854 ABRCY122-06 JQ599960 ABRCY092-06 JQ599855 ABRCY124-06 JQ599962 ABRCY094-06 JQ599856 ABRCY125-06 JQ599963 ABRCY095-06 JQ599859 ABRCY128-06 JQ599966 ABRCY098-06 JQ599860 ABRCY129-06 JQ599971 ABRCY103-06 JQ599861 ABRCY131-06 JQ599972 ABRCY104-06 JQ599862 ABRCY132-06 JQ599973 ABRCY105-06 JQ599974 ABRCY106-06 Cynopterus horsfieldii HM540206 BM445-04 JQ599975 ABRCY107-06 JQ599865 ABRCY135-06 JQ599977 ABRCY109-06 HM540207 BM543-04 JQ599978 ABRCY110-06 HM540200 BM564-04 Balionycteris maculata HM540174 BM437-04 HM540195 BM614-04 HM540183 BM271-03 HM540203 BM433-04 JF443874 ABRSS077-06 HM540202 BM273-03 HM540189 ABRSS149-06 HM540184 ABRSS157-06 Cynopterus JLE JQ599878 ABRCY004-06 HM540185 ABRSS158-06 JQ599881 ABRCY007-06 HM540186 ABRSS184-06 JQ599882 ABRCY008-06 HM540187 ABRSS185-06 JQ599883 ABRCY009-06 HM540188 ABRSS207-06 JQ599884 ABRCY010-06 HM540181 ABRSS309-06 JQ599885 ABRCY011-06 HM540182 ABRSS315-06 JQ599886 ABRCY012-06 HM540176 ABRSS327-06 JQ599887 ABRCY013-06 HM540177 ABRSS328-06 JQ599888 ABRCY014-06 HM540178 ABRSS329-06 JQ599889 ABRCY015-06 HM540179 ABRSS355-06 JQ599890 ABRCY016-06 HM540180 ABRSS382-06 JQ599891 ABRCY017-06 KY315483 JQ599892 ABRCY018-06 KY315485 JQ599893 ABRCY019-06 KY315486 JQ599894 ABRCY020-06 KY315488 JQ599895 ABRCY021-06 JQ599896 ABRCY022-06 Chironax melanocephalus HM540191 BM266-03 JQ599897 ABRCY023-06 JQ599898 ABRCY024-06 alecto JF459622 ABRSS147-06 JQ599899 ABRCY025-06 HM540124 ABRSS148-06 JQ599900 ABRCY026-06 HM540110 ABRSS159-06 JQ599901 ABRCY027-06 HM540111 ABRSS182-06

151 Special Issue on Genomics Luczon et al.: DNA barcoding of Philippine fruit bats

Species Genbank BOLD Process ID Species Genbank BOLD Process ID Accession Accession HM540112 ABRSS183-06 HM541190 ABRSS214-06 HM540113 ABRSS195-06 HM541191 ABRSS215-06 HM540114 ABRSS196-06 HM541183 ABRSS216-06 HM540115 ABRSS197-06 HM541184 ABRSS217-06 HM540116 ABRSS208-06 HM541192 ABRSS218-06 HM540117 ABRSS247-06 HM541193 ABRSS219-06 HM540118 ABRSS285-06 HM541194 ABRSS220-06 HM540119 ABRSS286-06 HM541195 ABRSS221-06 HM540120 ABRSS287-06 HM541196 ABRSS222-06 HM540121 ABRSS295-06 HM541197 ABRSS223-06 HM540122 ABRSS296-06 HM541200 ABRSS249-06 HM540123 ABRSS297-06 HM541185 ABRSS250-06 HM540109 BM282-04 HM541201 ABRSS251-06 HM541202 ABRSS270-06 Sphaerias blanfordi HM541952 ABCMA657-07 HM541181 BM492-04 HM541954 ABCMA663-07 HM541942 BM370-04 HM541962 ABBSI088-07 HM541955 ABCMA562-07 HM541956 ABCMA581-07 HM541957 ABCMA582-07 HM541958 ABCMA583-07 HM541959 ABCMA584-07 HM541960 ABCMA585-07 HM541943 ABCMA589-07 HM541944 ABCMA590-07 HM541945 ABCMA591-07 HM541946 ABCMA592-07 HM541947 ABCMA610-07 HM541950 ABCMA636-07 HM541951 ABCMA637-07 HM541953 ABCMA662-07 HM541948 ABCMA676-07 HM541949 ABCMA677-07 HM541961 ABRVN547-06

Penthetor lucasi HM541198 ABRSS224-06 HM541199 ABRSS225-06 HM541182 ABRSS209-06 HM541186 ABRSS210-06 HM541187 ABRSS211-06 HM541188 ABRSS212-06 HM541189 ABRSS213-06

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