Volume 74.1989
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Washington State Minerals Checklist
Division of Geology and Earth Resources MS 47007; Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Washington State 360-902-1450; 360-902-1785 fax E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology Minerals Checklist Note: Mineral names in parentheses are the preferred species names. Compiled by Raymond Lasmanis o Acanthite o Arsenopalladinite o Bustamite o Clinohumite o Enstatite o Harmotome o Actinolite o Arsenopyrite o Bytownite o Clinoptilolite o Epidesmine (Stilbite) o Hastingsite o Adularia o Arsenosulvanite (Plagioclase) o Clinozoisite o Epidote o Hausmannite (Orthoclase) o Arsenpolybasite o Cairngorm (Quartz) o Cobaltite o Epistilbite o Hedenbergite o Aegirine o Astrophyllite o Calamine o Cochromite o Epsomite o Hedleyite o Aenigmatite o Atacamite (Hemimorphite) o Coffinite o Erionite o Hematite o Aeschynite o Atokite o Calaverite o Columbite o Erythrite o Hemimorphite o Agardite-Y o Augite o Calciohilairite (Ferrocolumbite) o Euchroite o Hercynite o Agate (Quartz) o Aurostibite o Calcite, see also o Conichalcite o Euxenite o Hessite o Aguilarite o Austinite Manganocalcite o Connellite o Euxenite-Y o Heulandite o Aktashite o Onyx o Copiapite o o Autunite o Fairchildite Hexahydrite o Alabandite o Caledonite o Copper o o Awaruite o Famatinite Hibschite o Albite o Cancrinite o Copper-zinc o o Axinite group o Fayalite Hillebrandite o Algodonite o Carnelian (Quartz) o Coquandite o o Azurite o Feldspar group Hisingerite o Allanite o Cassiterite o Cordierite o o Barite o Ferberite Hongshiite o Allanite-Ce o Catapleiite o Corrensite o o Bastnäsite -
Mineral Processing
Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19 -
Lead and Arsenic Speciation and Bioaccessibility Following Sorption on Oxide Mineral Surfaces
LEAD AND ARSENIC SPECIATION AND BIOACCESSIBILITY FOLLOWING SORPTION ON OXIDE MINERAL SURFACES Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Douglas Gerald Beak, B.S. ***** The Ohio State University 2005 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. Nicholas Basta, Co Advisor Dr. Samuel Traina, Co Advisor _________________________ Co Advisor Dr. Harold Walker Dr. Kirk Scheckel _________________________ Co Advisor Soil Science Graduate Program ABSTRACT The risk posed from incidental ingestion of arsenic-contaminated or lead- contaminated soil may depend on sorption of arsenate (As(V)) or lead (Pb(II)) to oxide surfaces in soil. Arsenate or lead sorbed to ferrihydrite, corundum, and birnessite model oxide minerals were used to simulate possible effects of ingestion of soil contaminated with As(V) or Pb(II). Arsenate or lead sorbed oxides were placed in a simulated gastrointestinal tract (in vitro) to ascertain the bioaccessibility of As(V) or Pb(II) and changes in As(V) or Pb(II) surface speciation. The speciation of As or Pb was determined using EXAFS and XANES analysis. The As(V) adsorption maximum was found to be 7.04 g kg-1, and 0.47 g kg-1 for ferrihydrite and corundum, respectively. The bioaccessible As(V) for ferrihydrite ranged form 0 to 5 % and for corundum ranged from 0 to 16 %. The surface speciation for ferrihydrite and corundum was determined to be binuclear bidentate. These results for As(V) sorbed to ferrihydrite and corundum suggest that the bioaccessibility of As(V) is related to the As(V) concentration, and the As(V) adsorption maximum. -
Coralloite, Mn2+Mn23+(Aso4)2(OH)2⋅4H2O, a New Mixed
American Mineralogist, Volume 97, pages 727–734, 2012 2+ 3+ Coralloite, Mn Mn2 (AsO4)2(OH)2·4H2O, a new mixed valence Mn hydrate arsenate: Crystal structure and relationships with bermanite and whitmoreite mineral groups ATHOS MARIA CALLEGARI,1,* MASSIMO BOIOCCHI,2 MARCO E. CIRIOTTI,3 AND CORRADO BALESTRA4 1Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Pavia, via Ferrata 1, I-27100 Pavia, Italy 2Centro Grandi Strumenti, Università degli Studi di Pavia, via Bassi 21, I-27100 Pavia, Italy 3Associazione Micromineralogica Italiana, via San Pietro 55, I-10073 Devesi-Ciriè, Italy 4Associazione Micromineralogica Italiana, via Delfino 74, I-17017 Millesimo, Italy ABSTRACT Coralloite is a new mineral found at the Monte Nero Mine (Rocchetta Vara, La Spezia, Liguria, 2+ 3+ Italy) having the simplified formula Mn Mn2 (AsO4)2(OH)2·4H2O. It occurs as sub-millimetric lamellar cinnabar-red crystals elongated on [100] and flattened on (001), isolated or forming wisps up to 0.5–1 mm long. Associated phases are calcite, inesite, quartz, brandtite, sarkinite, and tilasite in a chert matrix. Crystals are pleochroic, yellow along [100] and orange-red in directions normal to it. Extinction is parallel to the cleavage traces and elongation is negative. The small crystal size does not allow accurate determination of refraction indices. Crossed polar observations of crystals placed in diiodomethane (n = 1.74) suggest that the mean refractive index is close to that value. Coralloite is triclinic, space group P1, a = 5.5828(7), b = 9.7660(13), c = 5.5455(7) Å, α = 94.467(3), β = 111.348(2), γ = 93.850(2)°, V = 279.26(6) Å3, Z = 1. -
IMA Master List
The New IMA List of Minerals – A Work in Progress – Update: February 2013 In the following pages of this document a comprehensive list of all valid mineral species is presented. The list is distributed (for terms and conditions see below) via the web site of the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association, which is the organization in charge for approval of new minerals, and more in general for all issues related to the status of mineral species. The list, which will be updated on a regular basis, is intended as the primary and official source on minerals. Explanation of column headings: Name: it is the presently accepted mineral name (and in the table, minerals are sorted by name). Chemical formula: it is the CNMNC-approved formula. IMA status: A = approved (it applies to minerals approved after the establishment of the IMA in 1958); G = grandfathered (it applies to minerals discovered before the birth of IMA, and generally considered as valid species); Rd = redefined (it applies to existing minerals which were redefined during the IMA era); Rn = renamed (it applies to existing minerals which were renamed during the IMA era); Q = questionable (it applies to poorly characterized minerals, whose validity could be doubtful). IMA No. / Year: for approved minerals the IMA No. is given: it has the form XXXX-YYY, where XXXX is the year and YYY a sequential number; for grandfathered minerals the year of the original description is given. In some cases, typically for Rd and Rn minerals, the year may be followed by s.p. -
United States Department of the Interior Geological
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERAL OCCURRENCES OF THE GUIANA SHIELD, VENEZUELA by Gary B. Sidder1 Open-File Report 90-16 1990 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION..........................^ 1 GOLD..............................._ 1 DIAMONDS...................................^ 5 IRON.................................................^ 6 ALUMINUM...............................^ 8 MANGA>ffiSE....................................................._ 10 TIN.......................................................................................................... 12 NIOBIUM, TANTALUM, RARE EARTH ELEMENTS................................ 13 URANIUM................................^ 14 MOLYBDENUM.................................................................................................... 15 TITANIUM........................................................................................... 16 PLATINUM.................................................................................................... 16 OTHERMETALS................................................................ 17 SUMMARY...........................^ 17 REFERENCES CITED............................................................................... 18 ILLUSTRATIONS Table 1. Principal mining districts, mines, and mineral occurrences in the Guiana Shield, Venezuela.................. 27 Plate 1. Mineral -
By Michael Fleischer and Constance M. Schafer Open-File Report 81
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY THE FORD-FLEISCHER FILE OF MINERALOGICAL REFERENCES, 1978-1980 INCLUSIVE by Michael Fleischer and Constance M. Schafer Open-File Report 81-1174 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards 1981 The Ford-Fleischer File of Mineralogical References 1978-1980 Inclusive by Michael Fleischer and Constance M. Schafer In 1916, Prof. W.E. Ford of Yale University, having just published the third Appendix to Dana's System of Mineralogy, 6th Edition, began to plan for the 7th Edition. He decided to create a file, with a separate folder for each mineral (or for each mineral group) into which he would place a citation to any paper that seemed to contain data that should be considered in the revision of the 6th Edition. He maintained the file in duplicate, with one copy going to Harvard University, when it was agreed in the early 1930's that Palache, Berman, and Fronde! there would have the main burden of the revision. A number of assistants were hired for the project, including C.W. Wolfe and M.A. Peacock to gather crystallographic data at Harvard, and Michael Fleischer to collect and evaluate chemical data at Yale. After Prof. Ford's death in March 1939, the second set of his files came to the U.S. Geological Survey and the literature has been covered since then by Michael Fleischer. Copies are now at the U.S. Geological Survey at Reston, Va., Denver, Colo., and Menlo Park, Cal., and at the U.S. -
Alphabetical List
LIST L - MINERALS - ALPHABETICAL LIST Specific mineral Group name Specific mineral Group name acanthite sulfides asbolite oxides accessory minerals astrophyllite chain silicates actinolite clinoamphibole atacamite chlorides adamite arsenates augite clinopyroxene adularia alkali feldspar austinite arsenates aegirine clinopyroxene autunite phosphates aegirine-augite clinopyroxene awaruite alloys aenigmatite aenigmatite group axinite group sorosilicates aeschynite niobates azurite carbonates agate silica minerals babingtonite rhodonite group aikinite sulfides baddeleyite oxides akaganeite oxides barbosalite phosphates akermanite melilite group barite sulfates alabandite sulfides barium feldspar feldspar group alabaster barium silicates silicates albite plagioclase barylite sorosilicates alexandrite oxides bassanite sulfates allanite epidote group bastnaesite carbonates and fluorides alloclasite sulfides bavenite chain silicates allophane clay minerals bayerite oxides almandine garnet group beidellite clay minerals alpha quartz silica minerals beraunite phosphates alstonite carbonates berndtite sulfides altaite tellurides berryite sulfosalts alum sulfates berthierine serpentine group aluminum hydroxides oxides bertrandite sorosilicates aluminum oxides oxides beryl ring silicates alumohydrocalcite carbonates betafite niobates and tantalates alunite sulfates betekhtinite sulfides amazonite alkali feldspar beudantite arsenates and sulfates amber organic minerals bideauxite chlorides and fluorides amblygonite phosphates biotite mica group amethyst -
STRONG and WEAK INTERLAYER INTERACTIONS of TWO-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS and THEIR ASSEMBLIES Tyler William Farnsworth a Dissertati
STRONG AND WEAK INTERLAYER INTERACTIONS OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS AND THEIR ASSEMBLIES Tyler William Farnsworth A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Chemistry. Chapel Hill 2018 Approved by: Scott C. Warren James F. Cahoon Wei You Joanna M. Atkin Matthew K. Brennaman © 2018 Tyler William Farnsworth ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Tyler William Farnsworth: Strong and weak interlayer interactions of two-dimensional materials and their assemblies (Under the direction of Scott C. Warren) The ability to control the properties of a macroscopic material through systematic modification of its component parts is a central theme in materials science. This concept is exemplified by the assembly of quantum dots into 3D solids, but the application of similar design principles to other quantum-confined systems, namely 2D materials, remains largely unexplored. Here I demonstrate that solution-processed 2D semiconductors retain their quantum-confined properties even when assembled into electrically conductive, thick films. Structural investigations show how this behavior is caused by turbostratic disorder and interlayer adsorbates, which weaken interlayer interactions and allow access to a quantum- confined but electronically coupled state. I generalize these findings to use a variety of 2D building blocks to create electrically conductive 3D solids with virtually any band gap. I next introduce a strategy for discovering new 2D materials. Previous efforts to identify novel 2D materials were limited to van der Waals layered materials, but I demonstrate that layered crystals with strong interlayer interactions can be exfoliated into few-layer or monolayer materials. -
Nsutite Mn Mn2+
4+ 2+ Nsutite Mn1−xMnx O2−2x(OH)2x (x is small) c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Hexagonal. Point Group: n.d. Massive, dense to porous, fine- to coarse-grained; crystals platy or wedgelike, to 50 µm; rarely fibrous, to 2 mm, spherulitic, radiating, colloform; commonly showing shrinkage cracks when coarse. Physical Properties: Hardness = 8.5 to 6.5 when manganoan. VHN = 1150 to 900 when manganoan (300 g load). D(meas.) = 4.24–4.67; to 3.86 when manganoan and with increasing H2O content. D(calc.) = 4.86 Optical Properties: Opaque. Color: Dark gray to black; in reflected light, white with slightly creamy hue. Luster: Metallic to earthy. Optical Class: Uniaxial. Anisotropism: Distinct; light to dark gray. Bireflectance: Grayish white with a creamy tint to bluish gray-white. R1–R2: n.d. Cell Data: Space Group: n.d. a = 9.65 c = 4.43 Z = 12 X-ray Powder Pattern: Nsuta, Ghana; identification by X-ray diffraction is essential. 3.96 (vs), 2.43 (s), 2.13 (s), 1.638 (s), 2.34 (m), 1.615 (w), 1.425 (w) Chemistry: (1) (2) (1) (2) SiO2 1.17 0.46 CaO 0.08 0.72 MnO2 90.57 93.27 Na2O 0.06 < 0.05 Al2O3 0.22 0.50 K2O 0.22 0.19 + Fe2O3 1.07 0.49 H2O 2.64 2.10 − MnO 2.60 1.76 H2O 0.33 0.57 NiO 0.14 C 0.03 MgO 0.12 0.22 Total 99.25 100.28 4+ 2+ 3+ (1) Nsuta, Ghana; corresponds to Mn0.90Mn0.03Fe0.01[O1.75(OH)0.25]Σ=2.00. -
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title A TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF DEEP-SEA MANGANESE NODULES. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/66x7s12m Authors Heimendahl, M. von Hubred, Gale L. Fuerstenau, D.W. et al. Publication Date 1973-10-01 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California ..I ) Submitted to Deep-Sea Research LBL-1496 Rev .. Preprint ra .j_.· A TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF DEEP-SEA MANGANESE NODULES M. von Heimendahl, Gale L. Hub red, D. W. Fuerstenau, and Gareth Thomas ., ,, . 1... 'j . January, 19 75 - :_, j ' • ( ~ ~ 1 . '! Prepared for the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission under Contract W -7405-ENG-48 For Reference Not to be taken from this room DISCLAIMER This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor the Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by its trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or the Regents of the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof or the Regents of the University of California. -
Cryptomelane K1−1.5(Mn , Mn )8O16 C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic
4+ 3+ Cryptomelane K1−1.5(Mn , Mn )8O16 c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic. Point Group: 2/m. Rarely in subhedral crystals, to 2 mm; commonly as compact fine-grained masses, banded colloform, botryoidal, or radial fibrous aggregates, all in the same specimen; massive cleavable. Twinning: Typically on (010) and (101), producing a pseudotetragonal unit cell. Physical Properties: Fracture: Conchoidal. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 6–6.5, compact. D(meas.) = 4.17–4.41 D(calc.) = [4.44] Optical Properties: Opaque. Color: Steel-gray to bluish gray when fresh; tarnishes to dull grayish black; light tan or gray in reflected light. Streak: Brownish black. Luster: Metallic to dull. Optical Class: Isotropic, nearly. R: n.d. Cell Data: Space Group: I2/m. a = 9.956(3) b = 2.8705(9) c = 9.706(4) β =90.95(3)◦ Z = [1] X-ray Powder Pattern: Philipsburg, Montana, USA. 2.39 (10), 6.90 (9), 4.90 (8), 3.10 (8), 2.15 (6), 1.83 (6), 1.54 (6) Chemistry: (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3) SiO2 0.58 0.18 MgO 0.05 0.07 0.15 TiO2 0.01 0.00 CaO 0.27 0.00 MnO2 83.13 87.09 84.41 SrO 0.00 0.00 1.75 Al2O3 0.37 0.39 0.99 BaO 0.13 0.00 1.97 Fe2O3 0.46 0.19 3.03 Na2O 0.44 0.48 1.02 MnO 2.08 2.49 K2O 3.50 3.10 5.78 + CoO 0.00 0.08 H2O 2.58 3.58 − NiO 0.00 0.00 H2O 0.81 0.60 CuO 0.12 0.00 P2O5 0.07 0.00 ZnO 5.23 1.69 Total 99.83 99.94 [99.10] (1) Tombstone, Arizona, USA; Mn4+ from “available O”.