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AQ~~ ~ ~~~~, ''4'''t :i2>#ZU '~f"44444' i~~'4~~~k AM 44 2'tC>K""9N 44444444~~~~~~~~~~~,4'4 4444~~~~IT fpw~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 'V~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Ae, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2 '4 '~~~~~~~~~~4 40~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' 4' N.~~..Fg ~ 4F.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ " ~ ~ ~ 4 ~~~ 44zl "'444~~474'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ &~1k 't-4,~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ :"'".'"~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"4 ~~ 444"~~~~~~~~~'44*#"44~~~~~~~~~~4 44~~~~~'f"~~~~~4~~~'yw~~~~4'5'# 44'7'j ~4 y~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~""'4 1L IJ;*p*44 *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~44~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 q A ~~~~~ 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~W~~k* A SYSTEMATIC CLASSIFICATION OF NONSILICATE MINERALS JAMES A. FERRAIOLO Department of Mineral Sciences American Museum of Natural History BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME 172: ARTICLE 1 NEW YORK: 1982 BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume 172, article l, pages 1-237, figure 1, table I Issued February 23, 1982 Price: $11.05 a copy ISSN 0003-0090 This article completes Volume 172. Copyright ©) American Museum of Natural History 1982 CONTENTS Abstract ....................................................... vi Introduction ................................................................... Vii Acknowledgments ....................................................... ix Class 1 Native Elements and Alloys ............................................ 1 Class 2 Sulfides ....................................................... 4 Class 3 Sulfosalts ............. ................................. 16 Class 4 Simple Oxides ............................................... 22 Class 5 Oxides containing Uranium or Thorium ............. .................... 25 Class 6 Hydroxides and Oxides containing Hydroxyl .......... ................... 27 Class 7 Multiple Oxides ....................................................... 29 Class 8 Multiple Oxides containing Niobium, Tantalum or Titanium ..... .......... 33 Class 9 Normal Halides ............................................... 36 Class 10 Oxyhalides and Hydroxyhalides ........................................ 37 Class 11 Halide Complexes ............................................... 39 Class 12 Compound Halides ............................................... 40 Class 13 Acid Carbonates ............................................... 41 Class 14 Anhydrous Normal Carbonates ......................................... 41 Class 15 Hydrated Normal Carbonates .......................................... 43 Class 16a Anhydrous Carbonates containing Hydroxyl or Halogen ................... 44 Class 16b Hydrated Carbonates containing Hydroxyl or Halogen ....... ............. 46 Class 17 Compound Carbonates .............................................. 48 Class 18 Normal Nitrates ............................................... 49 Class 19 Nitrates containing Hydroxyl or Halogen ............ .................... 49 Class 20 Compound Nitrates ............................................ .. 49 Class 21 Normal Iodates ............................................... 50 Class 22 Iodates containing Hydroxyl or Halogen ............. .................... 50 Class 23 Compound Iodates ............................................... 50 Class 24 Anhydrous Borates .................................................... 51 Class 25 Anhydrous Borates containing Hydroxyl or Halogen ....... ............... 52 Class 26 Hydrated Borates containing Hydroxyl or Halogen ....... ................ 55 Class 27 Compound Borates .................................................... 58 Class 28 Anhydrous Acid and Normal Sulfates ............... .................... 59 Class 29 Hydrated Acid and Normal Sulfates ..................................... 60 Class 30 Anhydrous Sulfates containing Hydroxyl or Halogen ...................... 64 Class 31 Hydrated Sulfates containing Hydroxyl or Halogen ........ ............... 66 Class 32 Compound Sulfates ............................................ .. 70 Class 33 Selenates and Tellurates .............................................. 71 Class 34 Selenites and Tellurites .............................................. 72 Class 35 Anhydrous Chromates .............................................. 74 Class 36 Compound Chromates .............................................. 74 Class 37 Anhydrous Acid Phosphates, Arsenates, and Vanadates ....... ............ 75 Class 38 Anhydrous Normal Phosphates, etc . .................................... 75 Class 39 Hydrated Acid Phosphates, etc . ........................................ 78 Class 40 Hydrated Normal Phosphates, etc....................................... 80 iii iv BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 172 Class 41 Anhydrous Phosphates, etc., containing Hydroxyl or Halogen ..... ........ 85 Class 42 Hydrated Phosphates, etc., containing Hydroxyl or Halogen ..... .......... 90 Class 43 Compound Phosphates, Arsenates, and Vanadates ...... .................. 97 Class 44 Antimonates ......................................................... 100 Class 45 Acid and Normal Antimonites and Arsenites ....... ...................... 101 Class 46 Antimonites and Arsenites containing Hydroxyl or Halogen ..... .......... 102 Class 47 Vanadium Oxysalts .................................................... 103 Class 48 Anhydrous Molybdates and Tungstates ......... ......................... 105 Class 49 Hydrated Molybdates and Tungstates ......... .......................... 106 Class 50 Organic Compounds ................................................... 107 Bibliography and Index ......................................................... 109 Journals Cited ........................... ............................. 110 References and Index ......................................................... 111 Addendum ..................................... 234 General Bibliography ......................................................... 236 1982 FERRAIOLO: NONSILICATE MINERALS v ABSTRACT Palache, Berman, and Frondel published two accepted species, and briefly described another volumes of the seventh edition of James Dwight 227 poorly defined species. Of this total 69 have Dana's System of Mineralogy in 1944 and 1951. been discredited and 158 have been redefined. As with the sixth edition published in 1892, the There have been over 1200 new nonsilicate seventh edition soon became the recognized au- species described in the last 30 years, and the thority in mineralogy. growth continues. Obviously, with the number of Greatly improved analytical techniques, crystal nonsilicate species more than doubled since 1951, structure analysis, and other new technologies an updated classification is required. have led to a great increase in the number of new The preparation of this volume began in 1977, species and to the improvement of the data for when a revised classification of the known phos- older species. Over 400 new nonsilicate species phate, arsenate and vanadate minerals was pre- have been approved by the International Miner- pared and privately circulated. This was received alogical Association's Commission on New Min- favorably, so a revised classification of all non- erals and Mineral Names in the last eight years. silicate minerals was undertaken; the results are For comparison, the seventh edition of Dana's given here. System assigned classification numbers to 1043 INTRODUCTION This is a new systematic classification of ed because of the large increase in CLASS the nonsilicate minerals. It is based on, and 16 mineral species that would have made the adapted from, the seventh edition of The original CLASS extremely unwieldy. System of Mineralogy of James Dwight The total number of TYPES have been Dana (1944, 1951), hereafter referred to as greatly increased. Eighty-nine new TYPES DSM. This is not a new edition of DSM, have been added, reflecting the diversity in because the necessary and voluminous min- anion/cation ratios in the large number of eralogical data needed for such an undertak- new nonsilicate species. A comparison of ing is beyond the scope of this effort. This species listed in DSM and those in this clas- is a simplified classification based on the sification is given in table 1. same taxonomy as DSM. All new mineral Other changes in the classification of DSM species, redefinitions, and "refinements" are occur in the Sulfosalts (CLASS 3) and in included. Rather than duplicate the basic CLASSES 25 and 26 of the Borates. Differ- conventions used in preparing the seventh ent, more structurally related classifications edition of Dana's System, I refer the reader have been adapted for these species. The to Palache et al. (1944), pages 1-3. While the "subclassifications" used are briefly de- classification and arrangement have re- scribed at the beginning of each CLASS. mained the same, there are various additions Personal preference determined which of and deletions to the classification presented
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