Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) Biogeographisch-phylogenetische Untersuchungen an Hochgebirgs-Laufkäfern Ein Beitrag zur Umweltgeschichte des Himalaya-Tibet Orogens Kumulative Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) dem Fachbereich Geographie der Philipps-Universität Marburg vorgelegt von Joachim Schmidt aus Schwerin Marburg 2011 Vom Fachbereich Geographie der Philipps-Universität Marburg am 19. Januar 2011 als Dissertation angenommen. Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Georg Miehe Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Jochen Martens, Mainz Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 17. Februar 2011 Hochschulkennziffer: 1180 Verzeichnis der Veröffentlichungen Die kumulative Dissertation umfasst die folgenden vier Publikationen, denen eine zusammenfassende Erörterung vorangestellt ist: I Schmidt, J. (2009): Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini). – Zootaxa 2178: 1-72. II Schmidt, J., Opgenoorth, L., Martens, J. & Miehe, G. (in review): Neoendemic ground beetles and private tree haplotypes: two independent proxies attest a moderate LGM summer temperature depression of 3 to 4K for the southern Tibetan Plateau. – Quaternary Science Reviews. III Schmidt, J. & Hartmann, M. (2009): Pristosia Motschulsky, 1865 from the Nepal Himalaya: Taxonomy and Biogeography (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Sphodrini). – Zootaxa 2009: 1-26. IV Schmidt, J., Opgenoorth, L., Höll, S., Bastrop, R. & Hundsdörfer, A. (submitted): Phylogeography of the Ethira clade supports the hypothesis of Tertiary-Tibetan origin of a Himalayan ground beetle species group. – Molecular Ecology. Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort………………………………………………………………………………………... 7 1. Einleitung………………………………………………………………………………….. 9 1.1. Problemstellungen und Arbeitshypothesen…………………………………… 9 1.2. Laufkäfer als Indikatoren in der Paläoumweltforschung Hochasiens………. 12 2. Ergebnisse und Diskussion……………………………………………………………… 17 2.1. Mikroareal-Endemiten der Laufkäfer: Zeigerarten eisfreier Gebiete im LGM Südtibets und im Himalaya………………………………………………. 17 2.2. Vertikale Arealgrenzen lokalendemischer Laufkäfer: Neue Proxydaten zur Bestimmung der Temperaturabsenkung im LGM Hochasiens……………... 27 2.3. Endemische Entwicklungslinien der Laufkäfer im Himalaya-Tibet Orogen: Vielversprechende Indikatoren der tertiären Umweltgeschichte Tibets….... 35 3. Zusammenfassung……………………………………………………………………….. 65 4. Ausblick……………………………………………………………………………………. 67 5. Danksagung……………………………………………………………………………….. 71 Literatur……………………………………………………………………………………….. 73 Publikation I Publikation II Publikation III Publikation IV Erklärung Curriculum Vitae 7 Vorwort Käfer nehmen etwa ein Viertel aller bekannten Arten von Organismen ein. Bei inzwischen fast einer Million beschriebenen Insektenarten gehören 380.000 allein zur Ordnung Coleoptera oder Käfer. Diese Zahlen wachsen durch die beständigen Entdeckungen neuer Arten unvermindert an. Deshalb ist heute noch niemand in der Lage, die tatsächlich auf der Erde existierende Artenzahl halbwegs genau zu benennen; nicht einmal ihre Dimension ist sicher bekannt. Vorsichtige Schätzungen gehen von 5-15 Millionen Insektenarten aus; es gibt aber auch ernstzunehmende Schätzungen von 30 oder mehr Millionen Arten, wobei die Käfer immer den weitaus höchsten Anteil stellen (Stork 1997). Mit diesen Zahlen verbinden sich sowohl Hoffnungen als auch ernüchternde Tatsachen. Berücksichtigt man, dass Käfer bereits seit dem Perm existieren, sich im Mesozoikum und Känozoikum weiter sehr stark differenzierten (Grimaldi & Engel 2005), dabei nahezu alle Landlebensräume eroberten und heute in großer Formenvielfalt auch extreme Lebensräume besiedeln, wie Wüsten, tiefe Höhlensysteme, Schneegrenzregionen der Arktis und der Hochgebirge (Dajoz 2002, Liebherr & McHugh 2003, Klausnitzer 2005), dann müssen sich aus Daten zur Biologie, Verbreitung und Stammesgeschichte rezenter Arten Aussagen zum Zustand und zur Verteilung nicht nur heutiger sondern auch früherer Ökosysteme ableiten lassen. Solche Ableitungen sind bereits mehrfach erfolgreich vorgenommen worden und fanden in der Paläoklimaforschung große Beachtung. Beispiele hierzu werden in den folgenden Kapiteln genannt. In den Biodiversitätszentren der Erde, z.B. im Himalaya-Tibet Gebirgssystem, steht man jedoch vor dem Problem eines erheblichen Kenntnisdefizits. Aus solchen Regionen rekrutiert sich die große Dunkelziffer der noch unentdeckten Arten. Für nur sehr wenige Gattungen existieren Bestimmungsliteratur und hinreichend genaue Angaben über Ökologie und Verbreitung der einzelnen Arten. Die Beschäftigung mit Fragestellungen der Biogeographie und Stammesgeschichte artenreicher Käfergruppen Hochasiens stellen den Bearbeiter deshalb grundsätzlich vor zwei methodische Probleme: Erstens muss er mittels eigener Forschungsreisen die ökologisch-faunistische Materialbasis wesentlich verbessern. Unter Berücksichtigung der versteckten Lebensweise der oftmals winzigen Untersuchungsobjekte und der allgemein schwierigen Geländesituation in extremen Hochgebirgen dauert es verständlicherweise mindestens mehrere Jahre, um zu einem zufriedenstellenden Ergebnis zu kommen. Zweitens ist er gezwungen, sich sein Handwerkszeug selbst zu schmieden, indem er gründliche taxonomische Revisionen der verschiedenen Artengruppen liefert. Letztere sind die Fundamente für alle weitergehenden Fragestellungen der Phylogenie, Biogeographie und Bioindikation. 8 Die im Folgenden vorgestellten Ergebnisse basieren auf insgesamt 26 eigenen Forschungsreisen nach Hochasien. Diese dienten vor allem dazu, einen möglichst umfassenden Überblick zur Präsenz bestimmter Artengruppen der Käfer im Himalaya-Tibet Orogen und detaillierte Kenntnisse zur Verbreitung und Ökologie der einzelnen Arten zu erhalten. Dabei entdeckte ich mehrere Hundert neue Arten, die als eine der taxonomischen Grundlagen für die weitere Arbeit beschrieben werden mussten und noch müssen. Ein erheblicher Aufwand war und ist mit der Revision der Systematik der bearbeiteten Taxa zu leisten. Durch die Hinzuziehung molekulargenetischer Arbeitsmethoden, die im Rahmen dieses Promotionsprojektes möglich wurde, konnte ich die Studien auf die Untersuchung evolutionärer Prozesse auf intraspezifischer Ebene ausweiten. Die vielen notwendigen Arbeitsschritte zur Gewinnung neuer biogeographischer Daten hatten somit zwangsläufig einen großen Anteil am Gesamtaufwand der vorliegenden Arbeit, was sich letztlich auch in den Inhalten der hier vorgelegten Publikationen widerspiegelt. Der nun vorliegende umfangreiche Datenfundus aus der vielversprechenden Gruppe der Käfer und die Anwendung molekulargenetischer Methoden ermöglicht eine Fortführung der grundlegenden biogeographischen Arbeiten über die Besiedlungsgeschichte, Diversifizierung und Adaptation der Faunenelemente des Himalaya und Tibets von M. S. Mani (1968, 1974a, b), J. Martens (1979, 1984, 1993) und H. Weigold (2005). Weitergehendes Ziel der hier vorgestellten Arbeiten ist es, aus den neuen biogeographischen und phylogenetischen Daten erstmals auch konkrete Aussagen zur Umweltgeschichte des Himalaya-Tibet Orogens abzuleiten. Dieses Ziel entstand nach intensiven Diskussionen in der Arbeitsgruppe Biogeographie des Fachbereichs Geographie der Universität Marburg, welche mir den teilweise noch erheblichen Wissensbedarf der Paläogeographie dieser Region vor Augen führten. Die vorliegende Studie ist deshalb vorrangig diesem Problemfeld gewidmet; sie dient der Entwicklung und Erprobung neuer Methoden in der Hoffnung, dass die Entomologie zukünftig einen größeren Beitrag zur Klärung offener Fragen der Paläoökologie der Hochgebirge leisten wird. 9 1. Einleitung 1.1. Problemstellungen und Arbeitshypothesen Der Einfluss des Himalaya-Tibet Orogens auf den Strahlungshaushalt der Erde und auf die atmosphärische Zirkulation ist unbestritten (Manabe & Terpstra 1974, Kutzbach et al. 1989, Raymo & Ruddiman 1992, An et al. 2001, Harris 2006, Zhang et al. 2007, Molnar et al. 2010) und bereits seit den Arbeiten von Blanford (1884) bekannt. Dennoch existieren bis heute offene Fragen von zum Teil erheblicher erd- und klimageschichtlicher Relevanz und zwar sowohl hinsichtlich der Ausprägung der quartären Umweltbedingungen auf dem Plateau als auch zur Abfolge und Dynamik der tertiären Heraushebung der verschiedenen Teile des Gebirgssystems. Damit sind alle zusätzlichen Beiträge, die zu einer Verbesserung der Kenntnisse der Paläoumwelt Hochasiens führen, von überregionaler Bedeutung. Die beiden wichtigsten noch immer teilweise recht heftig diskutierten Fragenkomplexe sind folgende: Wie wirkten sich die Eiszeiten in den verschiedenen Teilen des Gebirgskomplexes aus? Welche Ausdehnung erreichten Gletscher und Kältewüsten im letztglazialen Maximum (LGM), und wie stark war die maximale Temperaturabsenkung? Wann und in welcher Reihenfolge wurden die einzelnen Abschnitte des Himalaya- Tibet Orogens in signifikante Höhen gehoben? Seit wann besitzen sie ihre aktuelle Meereshöhe? Entscheidende Argumente für die Modellierung eiszeitlicher Umweltbedingungen lassen sich aus der Beantwortung der Frage nach der Ausdehnung der LGM-Vergletscherung Hochasiens gewinnen. Hier liegen die Meinungen in den Geowissenschaften zum Teil aber noch weit auseinander. Zwar gehen die meisten Autoren von einer relativ geringen LGM- Gletscherbedeckung aus, die stark von der regionalen bzw. lokalen Ausprägung des Klimas kontrolliert wurde (siehe Zusammenfassungen in Lehmkuhl & Owen 2005, Owen et al. 2008, Owen 2009), jedoch muss auch die Auffassung von Kuhle
Recommended publications
  • Weekly Regional Humanitarian Snapshot (21 - 27 Apr 2015)
    Asia and the Pacific: Weekly Regional Humanitarian Snapshot (21 - 27 Apr 2015) NEPAL INDIA At 11:56 local time on 25 Apr a 7.8 Fatalities, injuries and damage to magnitude earthquake struck Nepal, buildings have been reported from with the epicenter in Lamjung the earthquake across Bihar, Uttar District, 80 km north-west of Kathmandu. Pradesh and West Bengal, and Sikkim Aftershocks continue to occur, including a MONGOLIA states, with tremors also felt in Assam, 6.7 magnitude earthquake on 26 Apr. Many Uttarkhand, Delhi, Punjab and Haryana. At people remain outside their houses in fear least 69 deaths have been confirmed – 52 DPR KOREA of further aftershocks. The Government JAPAN in Bihar, 13 in Uttar Pradesh, 2 in West reports more than 2,200 deaths, over 5,800 RO KOREA Bengal and one in Rajasthan, with several 1 injuries. These figures are expected to CHINA hundred injuries. Damage to buildings and increase as information becomes available. Kobe infrastructure have also been reported in the main affected districts 4 BHUTAN 2,200 people killed NEPAL Kathmandu PACIFIC 69 people killed 5,800 people injured Dhaka OCEAN Disaster management mechanisms have INDIA been activated and the National Disaster On 26 Apr an UN Disaster Assessment and MYANMAR VIET Coordination (UNDAC) team arrived in Response Force (NDRF) has mobilized BANGLADESH LAO NAM Northern Mariana teams to the affected areas of northern Kathmandu and established a Reception PDR South Islands (US) Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.5 and Departure centre at the airport to China register incoming humanitairan support. Bay of Yangon THAILAND Sea Manila Government reports that 35 of 75 districts Bengal Bangkok CAMBODIA Guam (US) VANUATU are affected in the Western and Central PHILIPPINES Regions, including the Kathmandu Valley Priority needs of people affected by districts.
    [Show full text]
  • All Change at Rasuwa Garhi Sam Cowan [email protected]
    Himalaya, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies Volume 33 | Number 1 Article 14 Fall 2013 All Change at Rasuwa Garhi Sam Cowan [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya Recommended Citation Cowan, Sam (2013) "All Change at Rasuwa Garhi," Himalaya, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies: Vol. 33: No. 1, Article 14. Available at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya/vol33/iss1/14 This Research Report is brought to you for free and open access by the DigitalCommons@Macalester College at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in Himalaya, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Research Report | All Change at Rasuwa Garhi Sam Cowan From time immemorial, pilgrims, traders, artisans, and Kyirong to aid the transshipment of goods and to carry religious teachers going to Lhasa from Kathmandu had to out major trading on their own account. Jest records that decide between two main routes. One roughly followed as late as 1959 there were forty five Newar households in the line of the present road to Kodari, crossed the border Kyirong and forty in Kuti (Jest 1993). where Friendship Bridge is built and followed a steep trail The two routes were used for the invasion of Tibet in 1788 to Kuti (Tib. Nyalam). Loads were carried by porters up to and 1791 by the forces of the recently formed Gorkha this point but pack animals were used for the rest of the state under the direction of Bahadur Shah, which led to journey.
    [Show full text]
  • Wild Species 2010 the GENERAL STATUS of SPECIES in CANADA
    Wild Species 2010 THE GENERAL STATUS OF SPECIES IN CANADA Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council National General Status Working Group This report is a product from the collaboration of all provincial and territorial governments in Canada, and of the federal government. Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council (CESCC). 2011. Wild Species 2010: The General Status of Species in Canada. National General Status Working Group: 302 pp. Available in French under title: Espèces sauvages 2010: La situation générale des espèces au Canada. ii Abstract Wild Species 2010 is the third report of the series after 2000 and 2005. The aim of the Wild Species series is to provide an overview on which species occur in Canada, in which provinces, territories or ocean regions they occur, and what is their status. Each species assessed in this report received a rank among the following categories: Extinct (0.2), Extirpated (0.1), At Risk (1), May Be At Risk (2), Sensitive (3), Secure (4), Undetermined (5), Not Assessed (6), Exotic (7) or Accidental (8). In the 2010 report, 11 950 species were assessed. Many taxonomic groups that were first assessed in the previous Wild Species reports were reassessed, such as vascular plants, freshwater mussels, odonates, butterflies, crayfishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Other taxonomic groups are assessed for the first time in the Wild Species 2010 report, namely lichens, mosses, spiders, predaceous diving beetles, ground beetles (including the reassessment of tiger beetles), lady beetles, bumblebees, black flies, horse flies, mosquitoes, and some selected macromoths. The overall results of this report show that the majority of Canada’s wild species are ranked Secure.
    [Show full text]
  • Tibet's Biodiversity
    Published in (Pages 40-46): Tibet’s Biodiversity: Conservation and Management. Proceedings of a Conference, August 30-September 4, 1998. Edited by Wu Ning, D. Miller, Lhu Zhu and J. Springer. Tibet Forestry Department and World Wide Fund for Nature. China Forestry Publishing House. 188 pages. People-Wildlife Conflict Management in the Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet. By Rodney Jackson, Senior Associate for Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation, The Mountain Institute, Franklin, West Virginia And Conservation Director, International Snow Leopard Trust, Seattle, Washington Presented at: Tibet’s Biodiversity: Conservation and Management. An International Workshop, Lhasa, August 30 - September 4, 1998. 1. INTRODUCTION Established in March 1989, the Qomolangma Nature Preserve (QNP) occupies 33,819 square kilometers around the world’s highest peak, Mt. Everest known locally as Chomolangma. QNP is located at the junction of the Palaearctic and IndoMalayan biogeographic realms, dominated by Tibetan Plateau and Himalayan Highland ecoregions. Species diversity is greatly enhanced by the extreme elevational range and topographic variation related to four major river valleys which cut through the Himalaya south into Nepal. Climatic conditions differ greatly from south to north as well as in an east to west direction, due to the combined effect of exposure to the monsoon and mountain-induced rain s- hadowing. Thus, southerly slopes are moist and warm while northerly slopes are cold and arid. Li Bosheng (1994) reported on biological zonation and species richness within the QNP. Surveys since the 1970's highlight its role as China’s only in-situ repository of central Himalayan ecosystems and species with Indian subcontinent affinities. Most significant are the temperate coniferous and mixed broad-leaved forests with their associated fauna that occupy the deep gorges of the Pungchu, Rongshar, Nyalam (Bhote Kosi) and Kyirong (Jilong) rivers.
    [Show full text]
  • From Characters of the Female Reproductive Tract
    Phylogeny and Classification of Caraboidea Mus. reg. Sci. nat. Torino, 1998: XX LCE. (1996, Firenze, Italy) 107-170 James K. LIEBHERR and Kipling W. WILL* Inferring phylogenetic relationships within Carabidae (Insecta, Coleoptera) from characters of the female reproductive tract ABSTRACT Characters of the female reproductive tract, ovipositor, and abdomen are analyzed using cladi­ stic parsimony for a comprehensive representation of carabid beetle tribes. The resulting cladogram is rooted at the family Trachypachidae. No characters of the female reproductive tract define the Carabidae as monophyletic. The Carabidac exhibit a fundamental dichotomy, with the isochaete tri­ bes Metriini and Paussini forming the adelphotaxon to the Anisochaeta, which includes Gehringiini and Rhysodini, along with the other groups considered member taxa in Jeannel's classification. Monophyly of Isochaeta is supported by the groundplan presence of a securiform helminthoid scle­ rite at the spermathecal base, and a rod-like, elongate laterotergite IX leading to the explosion cham­ ber of the pygidial defense glands. Monophyly of the Anisochaeta is supported by the derived divi­ sion of gonocoxa IX into a basal and apical portion. Within Anisochaeta, the evolution of a secon­ dary spermatheca-2, and loss ofthe primary spermathcca-I has occurred in one lineage including the Gehringiini, Notiokasiini, Elaphrini, Nebriini, Opisthiini, Notiophilini, and Omophronini. This evo­ lutionary replacement is demonstrated by the possession of both spermatheca-like structures in Gehringia olympica Darlington and Omophron variegatum (Olivier). The adelphotaxon to this sper­ matheca-2 clade comprises a basal rhysodine grade consisting of Clivinini, Promecognathini, Amarotypini, Apotomini, Melaenini, Cymbionotini, and Rhysodini. The Rhysodini and Clivinini both exhibit a highly modified laterotergite IX; long and thin, with or without a clavate lateral region.
    [Show full text]
  • An Integrated Investigation of Lake Storage and Water Level Changes In
    An integrated investigation of lake storage and water level changes in the Paiku Co basin, central Himalayas Yanbin Lei1,2, Tandong Yao1,2, Kun Yang2,3, Broxton W. Bird4, Lide Tian1,2, Xiaowen Zhang1, Weicai Wang1,2, Yang Xiang1, Yufeng Dai1, Lazhu1, Jing Zhou1, Lei Wang1,2 1 Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2 CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Beijing, 100101, China 3 Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China 4 Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. Correspondence to Yanbin Lei, Building 3, Courtyard 16, Lincui Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China. E-mail: [email protected] ___________________________________________________________________ This is the author's manuscript of the article published in final edited form as: Lei, Y., Yao, T., Yang, K., Bird, B. W., Tian, L., Zhang, X., … Wang, L. (2018). An integrated investigation of lake storage and water level changes in the Paiku Co basin, central Himalayas. Journal of Hydrology, 562, 599–608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.05.040 Abstract: Since the late 1990s, lakes in the southern Tibetan Plateau (TP) have shrunk considerably, which contrasts with the rapid expansion of lakes in the interior TP. Although these spatial trends have been well documented, the underlying hydroclimatic mechanisms are not well understood. Since 2013, we have carried out comprehensive water budget observations at Paiku Co, an alpine lake in the central Himalayas. In this study, we investigate water storage and lake level changes on seasonal to decadal time scales based on extensive in-situ measurements and satellite observations.
    [Show full text]
  • AKES Newsletter 2016
    Newsletter of the Alaska Entomological Society Volume 9, Issue 1, April 2016 In this issue: A history and update of the Kenelm W. Philip Col- lection, currently housed at the University of Alaska Museum ................... 23 Announcing the UAF Entomology Club ...... 1 The Blackberry Skeletonizer, Schreckensteinia fes- Bombus occidentalis in Alaska and the need for fu- taliella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Schreckensteini- ture study (Hymenoptera: Apidae) ........ 2 idae) in Alaska ................... 26 New findings of twisted-wing parasites (Strep- Northern spruce engraver monitoring in wind- siptera) in Alaska .................. 6 damaged forests in the Tanana River Valley of Asian gypsy moths and Alaska ........... 9 Interior Alaska ................... 28 Non-marine invertebrates of the St. Matthew Is- An overview of ongoing research: Arthropod lands, Bering Sea, Alaska ............. 11 abundance and diversity at Olive-sided Fly- Food review: Urocerus flavicornis (Fabricius) (Hy- catcher nest sites in interior Alaska ........ 29 menoptera: Siricidae) ............... 20 Glocianus punctiger (Sahlberg, 1835) (Coleoptera: The spruce aphid, a non-native species, is increas- Curculionidae) common in Soldotna ....... 32 ing in range and activity throughout coastal Review of the ninth annual meeting ........ 34 Alaska ........................ 21 Upcoming Events ................... 37 Announcing the UAF Entomology Club by Adam Haberski nights featuring classic “B-movie” horror films. Future plans include an entomophagy bake sale, summer collect- I am pleased to announce the formation of the Univer- ing trips, and sending representatives to the International sity of Alaska Fairbanks Entomology Club. The club was Congress of Entomology in Orlando Florida this Septem- conceived by students from the fall semester entomology ber. course to bring together undergraduate and graduate stu- The Entomology Club would like to collaborate with dents with an interest in entomology.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Hydrological Modifications and Nature Restoration Projects on Ground Beetles Along the Yodo River, Osaka Prefecture, Japan
    Jpn. J. Environ. Entomol. Zool. 24(4):187− 198(2012) 環動昆 第 24 巻 第4号:187 − 198(2012) 原 著 Effects of hydrological modifications and nature restoration projects on ground beetles along the Yodo River, Osaka Prefecture, Japan Takahiro Fujisawa and Minoru Ishii Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan (Received:October 29, 2012;Accepted:December 14, 2012) Abstract Hydrological modifications to the Yodo River of Osaka Prefecture, Japan, have been drastically changed the riverine environment, since dam construction and extensive excavation began in 1971. More recently, riverine restoration projects involving excavation of major beds designed to prevent them from drying out have recently been conducted. A field survey of carabid ground beetle assemblages using unbaited pitfall traps was conducted in the Yodo River riverbed from April to December 2009 to elucidate the influence of both hydrological modification and nature restoration activities on the assemblages. Ground beetles were captured for two weeks each month at 13 sites. Also, we measured four environmental parameters, riverbed conditions(minor or major beds), submergence duration, soil moisture and median soil particle diameter, at each site. A total of 8,697 ground beetles belonging to 65 species were captured during the surveys. Generalized linear mixed model analysis showed that the abundance of nine species, such as Oodes vicarius, Pterostichus eschscholtzii and Pterostichus prolongatus, was positively correlated with the existence of minor beds and submergence duration or soil moisture, while that of 10 other species, such as Carabus yaconinus, Lesticus magnus and Synuchus nitidus, was negatively correlated with existence of minor beds, soil moisture rate and/ or submergence duration.
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera: Carabidae) by Laboulbenialean Fungi in Different Habitats
    Eur. J. Entomol. 107: 73–79, 2010 http://www.eje.cz/scripts/viewabstract.php?abstract=1511 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Incidence of infection of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) by laboulbenialean fungi in different habitats SHINJI SUGIURA1, KAZUO YAMAZAKI 2 and HAYATO MASUYA1 1Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan; e-mail: [email protected] 2Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Osaka 543-0026, Japan Key words. Coleoptera, Carabidae, ectoparasitic fungi, Ascomycetes, Laboulbenia, microhabitat, overwintering sites Abstract. The prevalence of obligate parasitic fungi may depend partly on the environmental conditions prevailing in the habitats of their hosts. Ectoparasitic fungi of the order Laboulbeniales (Ascomycetes) infect arthropods and form thalli on the host’s body sur- face. Although several studies report the incidence of infection of certain host species by these fungi, quantitative data on laboulbe- nialean fungus-host arthropod interactions at the host assemblage level are rarely reported. To clarify the effects of host habitats on infection by ectoparasitic fungi, the incidence of infection by fungi of the genus Laboulbenia (Laboulbeniales) of overwintering carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in three habitats, a riverside (reeds and vines), a secondary forest and farmland (rice and vegetable fields), were compared in central Japan. Of the 531 adults of 53 carabid species (nine subfamilies) collected in the three habitats, a Laboulbenia infection of one, five and one species of the carabid subfamilies Pterostichinae, Harpalinae and Callistinae, respectively, was detected. Three species of fungus were identified: L. coneglanensis, L. pseudomasei and L. fasciculate. The inci- dence of infection by Laboulbenia was higher in the riverside habitat (8.97% of individuals; 14/156) than in the forest (0.93%; 2/214) and farmland (0%; 0/161) habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level
    Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level Corresponding Type Chinese Court Region Court Name Administrative Name Code Code Area Supreme People’s Court 最高人民法院 最高法 Higher People's Court of 北京市高级人民 Beijing 京 110000 1 Beijing Municipality 法院 Municipality No. 1 Intermediate People's 北京市第一中级 京 01 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Shijingshan Shijingshan District People’s 北京市石景山区 京 0107 110107 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Haidian District of Haidian District People’s 北京市海淀区人 京 0108 110108 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Mentougou Mentougou District People’s 北京市门头沟区 京 0109 110109 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Changping Changping District People’s 北京市昌平区人 京 0114 110114 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Yanqing County People’s 延庆县人民法院 京 0229 110229 Yanqing County 1 Court No. 2 Intermediate People's 北京市第二中级 京 02 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Dongcheng Dongcheng District People’s 北京市东城区人 京 0101 110101 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Xicheng District Xicheng District People’s 北京市西城区人 京 0102 110102 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Fengtai District of Fengtai District People’s 北京市丰台区人 京 0106 110106 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality 1 Fangshan District Fangshan District People’s 北京市房山区人 京 0111 110111 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Daxing District of Daxing District People’s 北京市大兴区人 京 0115
    [Show full text]
  • Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Species List, Version 2018-07-24
    Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Species List, version 2018-07-24 Kenai National Wildlife Refuge biology staff July 24, 2018 2 Cover image: map of 16,213 georeferenced occurrence records included in the checklist. Contents Contents 3 Introduction 5 Purpose............................................................ 5 About the list......................................................... 5 Acknowledgments....................................................... 5 Native species 7 Vertebrates .......................................................... 7 Invertebrates ......................................................... 55 Vascular Plants........................................................ 91 Bryophytes ..........................................................164 Other Plants .........................................................171 Chromista...........................................................171 Fungi .............................................................173 Protozoans ..........................................................186 Non-native species 187 Vertebrates ..........................................................187 Invertebrates .........................................................187 Vascular Plants........................................................190 Extirpated species 207 Vertebrates ..........................................................207 Vascular Plants........................................................207 Change log 211 References 213 Index 215 3 Introduction Purpose to avoid implying
    [Show full text]
  • Holocene Palaeoenvironmental Reconstruction Based on Fossil Beetle Faunas from the Altai-Xinjiang Region, China
    Holocene palaeoenvironmental reconstruction based on fossil beetle faunas from the Altai-Xinjiang region, China Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of London By Tianshu Zhang February 2018 Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London Declaration of Authorship I Tianshu Zhang hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, this is always clearly stated. Signed: Date: 25/02/2018 1 Abstract This project presents the results of the analysis of fossil beetle assemblages extracted from 71 samples from two peat profiles from the Halashazi Wetland in the southern Altai region of northwest China. The fossil assemblages allowed the reconstruction of local environments of the early (10,424 to 9500 cal. yr BP) and middle Holocene (6374 to 4378 cal. yr BP). In total, 54 Coleoptera taxa representing 44 genera and 14 families have been found, and 37 species have been identified, including a new species, Helophorus sinoglacialis. The majority of the fossil beetle species identified are today part of the Siberian fauna, and indicate cold steppe or tundra ecosystems. Based on the biogeographic affinities of the fossil faunas, it appears that the Altai Mountains served as dispersal corridor for cold-adapted (northern) beetle species during the Holocene. Quantified temperature estimates were made using the Mutual Climate Range (MCR) method. In addition, indicator beetle species (cold adapted species and bark beetles) have helped to identify both cold and warm intervals, and moisture conditions have been estimated on the basis of water associated species.
    [Show full text]