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Abstracts of Papers, 93Rd Session, Iowa Academy of Science, April 24-25, 1981, Coe College, Cedar Rapids, Iowa

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Abstracts of Papers, 93Rd Session, Iowa Academy of Science, April 24-25, 1981, Coe College, Cedar Rapids, Iowa Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science Volume 88 Number Article 9 1981 Abstracts of Papers, 93rd Session, Iowa Academy of Science, April 24-25, 1981, Coe College, Cedar Rapids, Iowa Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©1981 Iowa Academy of Science, Inc. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias Recommended Citation (1981) "Abstracts of Papers, 93rd Session, Iowa Academy of Science, April 24-25, 1981, Coe College, Cedar Rapids, Iowa," Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, 88(1),. Available at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol88/iss1/9 This Research is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa Academy of Science at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science by an authorized editor of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. et al.: Abstracts of Papers, 93rd Session, Iowa Academy of Science, April ABSTRACTS of PAPERS 93rd Session Iowa Academy of Science APRIL 24-251 19B1 Coe College CEDAR RAPIDS, IDWA Author Abstract"'""""'""M_, ... ~ Author Abstract Page Albertson, M.C. 10 3 Edwards, C. 6S 16 Ales, D. C. 79 19 Espenson, J. H. B IS Anderson, W. I. 104 24 Farmer, J. N. IS9 37 Anellis, I. H. 121 24 Fay, L. P. 109 2S Baker, R. G. A 8 Ferrell, J. L. SI 12 Bakken, C. K. 28 6 Ferrett, T. A. 71 17 Bergquist, B. L. A IS Fisher, A. K. 29 6 Black, A.C., Jr. 60 14 Ford, J.E. 68 16 Bovbjerg, R. 8S 20 Frest, T. J. F 9 Bovee, E. C. 61,119,131,164 14,27 ,30,38 Friis, J.M. 40 9 Bower, J.R.F. 27 6 Galloway, K. E. 116 27 Bowles, J. B. 89 21 Gerk, A. J. lOS 24 Buchheim, M.A. 47 11 Gerlovich, J. ISi 3S Burggraf, D.R., Jr. 113 26 Gilpin, A. R. 137 32 Burkhart, C. P. 100 23 Godfrey, L. R. 36 8 Celander, D. W. 80 19 Goeppinger, W.W. 13 3 Chatterjee, R. 7S 18 Goff, H. M. c IS Christiansen, J.L. G 8 Graeff, R. W. 114 26 Christiansen, P. A. 82 19 Greenwood, J.C. 138 32 Cloud, T. A. 110 2S Gurira, R. C. 66 16 Cole, J. R. 33 7 Hallauer, A. R. s I Coleman, R. W. S6 13 Hanson, R. J. 127 29 Cooper, Curt S. 74 18 Hartman, K. A. IS3 36 Crawford, R. P. 9 2 Haustein, C. A. 64 IS Critchlow, S. C. 67 16 Henthorn, S. 31 7 Crossett, J.M. 120 28 Hightshoe, G. L. 83 19 Curry, T. M. 12 3 Hill, K. R. 90 21 Delannay, X. 11 3 Hodges, C. A. S8 13 Dobbins, M. S. 102 23 Hogben, C. A. M. 13S 31 Downs,G. E. 146 34 Holden, M. L. 99 23 Dumkrieger, B.J. S3 12 Horner, H. T., Jr. 43,44 10 Hull, B. L. 139 32 (Continued on back page.) Published by UNI ScholarWorks, 1981 1 Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, Vol. 88 [1981], No. 1, Art. 9 3. Direct and indirect selection for grain Agricultural Science yield in oats (Avena sativa L.). S. K. JOHNSON and K. J. FREY 1. Cereal leaf beetle resistance of pubescent Iowa State University Agronomy Department, Room 3 Avena sativa-~. sterilis hybrids. Agronomy Building, Ames, Iowa 50011. C. YOUNG Direct selection has been used by plant breed­ ers for the improvement of grain yield. Microplots Iowa State University Agronomy Department, Room 1 are valuable for preliminary studies in small grains, Agronomy Building, Ames, Iowa 50011. but selections for grain yield based upon me-asuring this trait in such small plots usually leads to little if any genetic gain. Indirect selection pro­ The objectives of this study were to discover vides a possible alternative method for choosing the inheritance of leaf pubescence in oats and to lines which have improved grain yield. Using com­ assess the effect of pubescence on oviposition ponent traits of grain yield, which generally have preference and larval antibiosis of the cereal leaf higher heritability than yield itself, has been sug­ beetle (Oulema melanopus). Avena sterilis PI 311677 gested. was selected for introgression of pubescence genes Four selection criteria were used to test the into six glabrous ~· sativa lines. Several F seg­ degree to which predicted gains in grain yield would regates exhibited greater trichome density th~n the be realized. The component criteria were: 1) grain pubescent parent indicating transgressive segrega­ yield (GYD), 2) harvest index (HI=grain wt/total tion for trichome expression. These pubescent plant wt), 3) growth rate (GR=stra~ wt/growth dura­ progenies were used in subsequent tests. Glabrous tion), and 4) HI+ GR (assigned equal weight). All 'Mariner,' included as a susceptible check, was pre­ data were coded into standardized units before ferred as an oviposition site when tested with the applying selection. In the evaluation experiment, hybrid progenies and A. sterilis. However, the the realized gain in grain yield were a) 6.7% when beetles distinguished-between A. sterilis and the GYD was the selection criterion, b) 3.0% when HI was pubescent test material, indicating that wild type selected, c) 7.8% when GR was selected, and d) 6.3% resistance had not been completely recovered. Lar­ when HI + GR was the index criterion. val feeding damage was significantly more severe on glabrous than pubescent plants. The results of 4. The impact of sixty years of plant breeding this study indicate that progress toward cereal leaf on the genetic variability of oats. beetle resistance may be made by selection for in­ D. M. RODGERS, J. P. MURPHY, and K. J. FREY creased leaf pubescence. Iowa State University Agronomy Department, Room 3 2. Inheritance of tertiary seed development in Agronomy Building, Ames, Iowa 50011. oats. An investigation of the genetic relationships B. D. McBRATNEY and K. J. FREY within the North Central gene pool of cultivated oats was conducted using the coefficient of parent­ Iowa State University Agronomy Department, Room 3 age (r), an inbreeding parameter developed by Male­ Agronomy Building, Ames, Iowa 50011. cot. The pedigrees of cultivars and breeding stocks Most cultivated oats (Avena sativa L. and A. developed during the period between 1920 and 1980 byzantina L.) set one primary and one secondary were used to obtain estimates of r. The change in floret in each spikelet, but Avena nuda sets as many inbreeding (r) over time and the level of inbreed­ as six florets per spikelet. Lines of A. sativa ing among contemporary cultivars were examined. with low, intermediate, and high proportions of A positive relationship between varietal yields tertiary seeds were intercrossed for this study. and r was observed over time.· A plateau in varietal These crosses showed that inheritance of the yields due to a loss of genetic variability among tertiary floret set in oats was due to alleles at breeding stocks is highly probable unless the cur­ two loci. As tertiary floret percentage increased, rent genetic base is broadened through the use of grain weight, heading date, plant height, and spike­ unadapted or unimproved germplasm. The results of lets per panicle remained constant, and bundle and our study should be helpful to plant breeders both straw weights decreased. Since grain weight remain­ in identifying parental combinations having optimum ed constant while bundle and straw weights decreased, r-values and also in designing comprehensive it must be assumed harvest index increased. Even breeding schemes for germplasm utilization. though the study showed sink size of oats can be. increased by greater tertiary seed set, there was no 5. Response to reciprocal full-sib selection increase in grain weight due to this factor. Prob­ in two corn populations ably, the photosynthetic capacity of the plant was not efficient enough to take advantage of the in­ Arnel R. Hallauer creased sink size. USDA-SEA, AR Department of Agronomy Iowa State University Ames, IA 500ll Reciprocal full-sib selection is a method of interpopulation recurrent selection that includes the https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol88/iss1/9 2 et al.: Abstracts of Papers, 93rd Session, Iowa Academy of Science, April 2 evaluation of full-sibs produced between two popula­ another method for managing Phytophthora megasperma tions. Five cycles of reciprocal full-sib have been var. sojae that has repeatedly overcome specific completed for Iowa Two-ear Synthethic (BSlO) and genetic resistance alone. Also problems of new Pioneer Two-ear Composite (BSll). Yield was the pri­ pathogenic races have been only accentuated through mary trait emphasized in selection, but indirect genetic remedies. When susceptible, high yielding selection also was practiced among plants used to soybeans are grown with the protection of Ridomil, a produce full-sib progenies and among full-sib progen­ degree of genetic diversity can be retained in the ies for other agronomic traits. One cycle of selec­ crop that has been made more uniform with emphasis tion can be completed in 2 years. Response to on incorporation of resistance into the majority of selection for yield has been positive in each popula­ the connnercial varieties. Integrating the use of tion and the population cross; 14.2% for BSlO, 11.9% Ridomil along with the principles of the "prescribed BSll, and 18.7% in the population cross. Correlated resistant variety" concept for BSR of soybean would response for other agronomic traits were in the provide diversity in method, genetics, and geography desired direction except for BSll for root lodging, for control of Phytopathora rot of soybeans in Iowa. which showed an increase.
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