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Document 1 Eaton, Michael A W How do we develop nanopharmaceuticals under open innovation? Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine 2011 Aug; 7(4): 3715 Abstract: It is incumbent on nanomedicine researchers to understand how to develop their ideas into commercial drugs; success to date has not been as good as funders would have liked. This article attempts to outline, perhaps for the first time, some of the expertise that the pharmaceutical sector has acquired to facilitate translation. It is hoped this explanation will start to improve the planning required at an early stage to develop nanopharmaceuticals and to encourage researchers and their institutions to devise a development plan.
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Document 2 Lupton, Michael The social, moral & ethical issues raised by nanotechnology in the field of medicine. Medicine and law 2011 Jun; 30(2): 187200 Abstract: The areas in medicine that are and will be influenced by nanoscale science and technology are stem cell research, genetic modification of human beings and the construction of artificial organisms. A nonnegotiable moral imperative is the fact that the law is under an obligation to uphold the sanctity and integrity of the human genome which encapsulates humankind's basic genetic inheritance and thereby the human heritage of our species. The research possibilities opened up by nanoscience will push the current boundaries of life forms, because they alter life forms at their most basic (viz genetic) level. They empower scientists to create novel life forms that would not otherwise exist and they combine aspects of different life forms that would not otherwise be integrated. These groundbreaking areas of research place the scientists and their work in an area of moral quicksands. Research involving human design and modification places those scientists in a domain where current morality indicates they do not belong. They are literally 'playing God'.
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Document 3 Silva Costa, Helena; Sethe, Sebastian; Pêgo, Ana P; Olsson, I Anna S Scientists' perception of ethical issues in nanomedicine: a case study. Nanomedicine (London, England) 2011 Jun; 6(4): 68191 Abstract: Research and development in nanomedicine has been accompanied by the consideration of ethical issues; however, little is known about how researchers working in this area perceive such issues. This casestudy explores scientists' attitude towards and knowledge of ethical issues.
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Document 4 Visciano, Silvia Nanotechnologies, bioethics and human dignity. Journal international de bioéthique = International journal of bioethics 2011 MarJun; 22(1): 1736, 206 Abstract: Nanoscale science, research, and technology present a complex set of circumstances. First of all, this field involves many different subjects, including biology, chemistry, physics, and environment sciences. Secondly, although scientists are working increasingly at a molecular level, nanotechnology is about much more than a reduction of scale. Indeed, nanoscience and nanotechnologies offer an unprecedented ability to control and manipulate nature, offering hope for progress. Ethical perspectives vary considerably in this field, but commentators and researchers share a concern about a specific worrisome issue: the lack of appropriate ethical and legal principles and processes (associated with issues including health risks, human body manipulation, and private life violation), to guide nanotechnological R&D, commercialization, and final use. Some authors partially reject this concern by suggesting that nanoscience and nanotechnologies do not constitute an autonomous category, and that they are instead just the operative result of combining other traditional areas of study. However the nanotechnological debate brings up the semantic and content issues of bioethics and foments a contentious discussion emphasizing human dignity. Issues include enhancement versus therapeutic intervention, traceability versus privacy, and societal benefits versus risks. From these preliminary considerations, we will move on to discuss (I) the traditional, although still controversial, relationship between bioethics and human dignity, and (II) return to the subject of nanotechnology. We will discuss how today in Europe, although still indefinite, the principle of respect for human dignity is a welcomed contributor to "ethical vigilance" about the uncertain development of new nanoscale technologies. We will also note how U.S. strategy in this regard is simply lacking and appears only as a purely discursive "key issue in long term ".
Georgetown users check Georgetown Journal Finder for access to full text Document 5 Schummer, Joachim Cultural diversity in nanotechnology ethics. Journal international de bioéthique = International journal of bioethics 2011 MarJun; 22(1): 3755, 207 Abstract: Along with the rapid worldwide advance of nanotechnology, debates on associated ethical issues have spread from local to international levels. However unlike science and engineering issues, international perceptions of ethical issues are very diverse. This paper provides an analysis of how sociocultural factors such as language, cultural heritage, economics and politics can affect how people perceive ethical issues of nanotechnology. By attempting to clarify the significance of sociocultural issues in ethical considerations my aim is to support the ongoing international dialogue on nanotechnology. At the same time I pose the general question of ethical relativism in engineering ethics, that is to say whether or not different ethical views are irreconcilable on a fundamental level.
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Document 6 Kato, Yutaka The nanotech R&D situation in Japan and ethics of nanotechnology. Journal international de bioéthique = International journal of bioethics 2011 MarJun; 22(1): 5769, 208 Abstract: The aim of this paper is to introduce some characteristics of the historical as well as current situation of nanotech research and development in Japan in particular including regulations, and to discuss how ethical issues of nanotechnology should be addressed or how the ethics of nanotechnology should be constructed to fit the situation. The first part will center around the strength and weakness of Japan's nanotech R&D (research and development) and new circumstances which nanotechnology has prompted in Japan and alongside which nanotechnology has arrived (especially interdisciplinarity). The following prescriptive argument will, based on the descriptive account, question how to address ethical issues of nanotechnology, taking into consideration the nature of nanotech R&D, namely continuity, uniqueness, international dimension and political intervention, citing the example of the pharmaceutical industry. I will argue that international cooperation in the form of mutual reference to, replication of and the integration of guidelines and regulations, can enhance costeffectiveness to ensure the comprehensiveness of regulatory measures.
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Document 7 Maestrutti, Marina Cyborg identities and contemporary technoutopias: adaptations and transformations of the body in the age of nanotechnology. Journal international de bioéthique = International journal of bioethics 2011 MarJun; 22(1): 7188, 20910 Abstract: The possibility of improving the human body through a closer relationship with technology in order to overcome the human species toward new stages of evolution is a constant element of technoutopian visions, among other transhumanism. This projection to a radical transformation of the body and mind as a result of technological action is based on the concepts of adaptation, or non adaptation, of a human being to a world constantly changed by technoscience. The belief is that not only the body has to change, but that identity is not a stable concept. This mobility in the relationship between body and identity is typical of the post human thought, which inherits from the informational model the conviction that the biological embodiment of human is to be regarded as an accident of history rather than as an essential condition of life. Hybridization is therefore valued by the post human thought as a condition which has "made" the human as he is today, and it appears as a fundamental topic in any discourse on nanotechnology, biotechnology and development of humanmachine interfaces.
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Document 8 Mushiaki, Shigeru Neuroscience and nanotechnologies in Japanbeyond the hope and hype of converging technologies. Journal international de bioéthique = International journal of bioethics 2011 MarJun; 22(1): 917, 2101 Abstract: Nanotechnologies are often said to be "converging" with other technologies like biotechnology, information technology, and cognitive science. And socalled "NBIC convergence" is thought to enable "enhancement" of human performance. First, I classify various kinds of enhancement. Second, I focus on the "cybernetic enhancement," to which nanotechnologies are supposed to contribute, and analyze the connection and integration of humans with machines, which could lead to the cyborgization of human beings. Third, I examine the portrayal of robot/cyborg technology in Japanese popular media, point out the tendency to empathy or ensoulment concerning robots/cyborgs, and raise the question of "ethical issues of ethical enhancement." Fourth, I compare nanotechnologies with neurotechnology and criticize the hype of "converging technologies."
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Document 9 PoirotMazères, Isabelle Legal aspects of the risks raised by nanotechnologies in the field of medicine. Journal international de bioéthique = International journal of bioethics 2011 MarJun; 22(1): 99118, 212 Abstract: The major breakthroughs achieved in nanotechnologies open new avenues in the field of healthcareaid to diagnosis, upgrading medical treatment efficacy, development of regenerative medicinebut they are also associated with risks, hence the increasing need of legislation. So far very little research work has been conducted on this technology whose applications are still limited and whose potential hazards are not yet clearly apprehended. The more and more frequent uses of nanoparticles in medical imaging and in current research projects dealing with tissue engineering or RFID raises the following question: is the current legislative framework relevant in light of the specificities of nanoobjects? The challenge is twofold: the legal approach must encompass the nanometric element itself as a "legal object" but it must include the use of nanotechnologies and their final aims. There is still some degree of uncertainty concerning the innocuity of nanoparticles so that the use of nanoelements in aid to medical diagnosis and in clinical trials must take into account and anticipate the potential harmful effects on patients and on biomedical research teams. But due to the fact that a clear understanding of nanoparticles as specific objects with new features is still missing, the existing regulations on chemical substances, medicinal products, medical devices or cosmetics do not seem to be appropriate. So considering nanoparticles as "singular" legal objects is a prerequisite requiring an approach based on the precautionary principle. Misusing nanotechnologies in the medical field is also a cause for great concern. Threats on individual freedom and on private life as well as on human identity are real and they raise recurring questions. The possible deviations in the use of these techniques, the temptations to "trespass the limits" are also common to info technologies and to biotechnologies but the threats triggered by the nanotechnologies are enhanced by the possibilities offered by the nanometric size and the expected convergence of these different technologies. One should refer to leading guiding principles in order to solve the future conflicts between the different sets of values, especially in the medical field by always remembering the Hippocratic oath "primum non nocere, deinde curare"
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Document 10 Lacour, Stéphanie Nanopatents and their impact on the medical environment. Journal international de bioéthique = International journal of bioethics 2011 MarJun; 22(1): 11933, 2134 Abstract: The nanomedical field is seen, by governments as well as the business sector as a very promising one. The process of converting basic research in nanomedecine into commercially viable products has already begun, even if it might be long and difficult. Part of the difficulties that could occur comes from regulatory and safety issues. Some of them are also coming from patent uncertainty in the global nanotechnology field. Indeed, the rush towards patents in the nanotechnology arena has already begun. Nanopatents are about to alter the legal landscape of the innovation economy, of research and development, and of industryno doubt to an unprecedented extent because of the scope covered by these technologies. From a global point of view, the very delineation of the scope of nanotechnologies confronts patent law with complex problems of definition. The emergence and characteristics of this technology are also giving rise to a reassessment of the criteria for patentability that could be prejudicial to innovation. In the medical environment, this issue is even exacerbated in the real challenges which pharmaceutical companies are running up against.
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Document 11 Tomoki, Kihira Nanotechnology and environmental ethics. Journal international de bioéthique = International journal of bioethics 2011 MarJun; 22(1): 13743, 2145 Abstract: It seems that the relation between human and nature is not direct, but mediated by the technology. Therefore, it seems that characteristics of the technology define the relation. If this is true, the problem is whether new technology always makes a new relation or not. In this paper I take a brief look at the relation between technology in general and the environmental crisis from the ethical perspective. And then, I investigate the concept of responsible development and the principle of stewardship that is adopted in two reports concerning nanotechnologies. Through these explorations, an ethical stance on the application of nanotechnology is proposed.
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Document 12 Jouzel, JeanNoël [Testing doses? Environmental health stakes associated with nanotechnologies]. = La dose a l'épreuve? Les enjeux de santé environnementale liés aux nanotechnologies. Journal international de bioéthique = International journal of bioethics 2011 MarJun; 22(1): 14555, 215 Abstract: In this contribution, we analyse how nanoscience and nanotechnology have given birth to an important environmental health controversy regarding the potential sanitary dangers of engineered nanomaterials. We show how this controversy is part of a larger picture, made of a series of social and scientific disputes about the effects of manmade chemicals on the human body. We show how these disputes have contributed throughout the 20th century to the emergence and the transformation of toxicology as a scientific field, and to test the robustness of the dose paradigm that constitutes the cornerstone of this discipline. We suggest that the contemporary emergence of a new scientific field known as "nanotoxicolgy" must be interpreted as a successful adaptation of this paradigm to the specific toxicological questions raised by engineered nanomaterials.
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Document 13 Byk, Christian Nanomaterials and the environmental risk: is there some room left for ethics and law? Journal international de bioéthique = International journal of bioethics 2011 MarJun; 22(1): 15772, 216 Abstract: How legitimate may be the concern posed by the nanotechnologies for health and environment,this effort for reaching a better knowledge of the biotoxicity of nanomaterials is not enough. As Pr Didier Sicard noted, we believe that the ethical reflection should not be the good conscience that may help science in getting rid of social fears. But the ethical reflection is there also to discuss taboo issues in the perspective of a better societal understanding.
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Document 14 Doucet, Maud [Employer's obligation of safety and nanomaterials]. = L'obligation de sécurité de l'employeur et les nanomatériaux*. Journal international de bioéthique = International journal of bioethics 2011 MarJun; 22(1): 17384, 217 Abstract: Health and Safety law at work is influenced by the intervention of the European Union. The model of prevention of occupational risks is set by the 1989 framework directive. The question of its applicability to nanomaterials divides the Commission and the European Parliament. This model was welcomed differently by member states. Employers are generally under an obligation to adopt best means to assure workers' safety, while French law imposes an obligation to get results. This obligation concerns each aspect of the employment contract's execution and is analysed as an effective way to esure the prevention of occupational risks. If risks associated with nanomaterials seem to be taken into consideration by our system of worker protection, it seems however that prevention will be difficult to implement.
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Document 15 Anand, Manish; Srivastava, Nidhi; Sarma, Shilpanjali Policy and ethical concerns in nanotechnology safety: case of Indian health sector. Journal of biomedical nanotechnology 2011 Feb; 7(1): 345 Abstract: The governance of nanotechnology in the health sector in India poses certain challenges on the front of capability and innovation, risks and regulation. Devising and adhering to the voluntary standards at a stage of regulatory uncertainty, collation and provision of knowledge on impacts, occupational hazards, waste disposal etc. for further risk research and policy design are the issues industry can address in shaping the nanotechnology governance framework.
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Document 16 Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Safe Use of Nanomaterials and Workshop on Nanomaterial Safety: Status, Procedures and Ethical Concerns. February 13, 2011. Lucknow, India. Journal of biomedical nanotechnology 2011 Feb; 7(1): 1228
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* Document 17 Illes, Judy and Sahakian, Barbara J., eds. THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF NEUROETHICS Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. 935 p. Call number: QP376 .O94 2011
Document 18 Sylvester, Douglas J; Bowman, Diana M Navigating the patent landscapes for nanotechnology: English gardens or tangled grounds? Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 2011; 726: 35978 Abstract: The patent landscape, like a garden, can tell you much about its designers and users: their motivations, biases, and general interests. While both patent landscapes and gardens may appear to the casual observer as refined and ordered, an indepth exploration of the terrain is likely to reveal unforeseen challenges including, for example, alien species, thickets, and trolls. As this chapter illustrates, patent landscapes are dynamic and have been forced to continually evolve in response to technological innovation. While emerging technologies such as biotechnology and information communication technology have challenged the traditional patent landscape, the overarching framework and design have largely remained intact. But will this always be the case? The aim of this chapter is to highlight how nanotechnology is challenging the existing structures and underlying foundation of the patent landscape and the implications thereof for the technology, industry, and public more generally. The chapter concludes by asking the question whether the current patent landscape will be able to withstand the ubiquitous nature of the technology, or whether nanotechnology will be a catalyst for governments and policy makers for overhauling the current landscape design.
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Document 19 Jotterand, Fabrice; Alexander, Archie A Managing the "known unknowns": theranostic cancer nanomedicine and informed consent. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 2011; 726: 41329 Abstract: The potential clinical applications and the economic benefits of theranostics represent a tremendous incentive to push research and development forward. However, we should also carefully examine the possible downsides. In this chapter, we address the issue of how theranostics might challenge our current concept of informed consent, especially the disclosure of information concerning diagnosis and treatment options to human subjects. We argue that our lack of data concerning longterm effects and risks of nanoparticles on human health and the environment could undermine the process when it comes to weighing the risks against the benefits. Our lack of an agreed upon framework for risk management in nanomedicine may require us to adopt an "upstream" approach that emphasizes communication and transparency among all relevant stakeholders to help them make informed choices that enable safety or progress.
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Document 20 Cormick, C. The challenges of community engagement NanoEthics 2010 December; 4(3): 229231
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Document 21 Barakat, N.; Jiao, H. Proposed strategies for teaching ethics of nanotechnology NanoEthics 2010 December; 4(3): 221228
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Document 22 Leontis, V.L.; Agich, G.J. Freitas on disease in nanomedicine: implications for ethics NanoEthics 2010 December; 4(3): 205214
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Document 23 Grinbaum, A. The nanotechnological golem NanoEthics 2010 December; 4(3): 191198
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Document 24 ShelleyEgan, C. The ambivalence of promising technology NanoEthics 2010 August; 4(2): 183189
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Document 25 Ferrari, A.; Nordmann, A. Beyond conversation: some lessons for nanoethics NanoEthics 2010 August; 4(2): 171181
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Document 26 Dupuy, J.P. The narratology of lay ethics NanoEthics 2010 August; 4(2): 153170
Georgetown users check Georgetown Journal Finder for access to full text Document 27 Davies, S.R.; Macnaghten, P. Narratives of mastery and resistance: lay ethics of nanotechnology NanoEthics 2010 August; 4(2): 141151
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Document 28 Nordmann, A.; Macnaghten, P. Engaging narratives and the limits of lay ethics: introduction NanoEthics 2010 August; 4(2): 133140
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Document 29 McGinn, R.E. What's different, ethically, about nanotechnology?: Foundational questions and answers NanoEthics 2010 August; 4(2): 115128
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Document 30 Jacobs, J.F.; van de Poel, I.; Osseweijer, P. Sunscreens with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles: a societal experiment NanoEthics 2010 August; 4(2): 103113
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Document 31 Grunwald, A. From speculative nanoethics to explorative philosophy of nanotechnology NanoEthics 2010 August; 4(2): 91101
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Document 32 How to swallow nanofood: the food industry is in danger of repeating the mistakes it made with genetic modification [editorial] New Scientist 2010 May 22; 206(2761): 5
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Document 33 Preston, Christopher J.; Sheinin, Maxim Y.; Sproat, Denyse J.; Swarup, Vimal P. The Novelty of Nano and the Regulatory Challenge of Newness NanoEthics 2010 April; 4(1): 1326
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Document 34 Patra, Debasmita; Haribabu, E.; McComas, Katherine A. Perceptions of Nano Ethics among Practitioners in a Developing Country: A Case of India NanoEthics 2010 April; 4(1): 6775
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Document 35 Manchikanti, Padmavati; Bandopadhyay, Tapas K. Nanomaterials and Effects on Biological Systems: Development of Effective Regulatory NanoEthics 2010 April; 4(1): 7783
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* Document 36 McGinn, Robert Ethical Responsibilities of Nanotechnology Researchers: A Short Guide NanoEthics 2010 April; 4(1): 112
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* Document 37 Ferrari, Arianna Developments in the Debate on Nanoethics: Traditional Approaches and the Need for New Kinds of Analysis NanoEthics 2010 April; 4(1): 2752
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Document 38 Lyons, Kristen; Whelan, James Community Engagement to Facilitate, Legitimize and Accelerate the Advancement of Nanotechnologies in Australia NanoEthics 2010 April; 4(1): 5366
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Document 39 Sosnik, Alejandro; Carcaboso, Angel M.; Glisoni, Romina J.; Moretton, Marcela A.; Chiappetta, Diego A. New old challenges in tuberculosis: potentially effective nanotechnologies in drug delivery. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2010 March 18; 62(45): 547559 Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is the second most deadly infectious disease. Despite potentially curative pharmacotherapies being available for over 50 years, the length of the treatment and the pill burden can hamper patient lifestyle. Thus, low compliance and adherence to administration schedules remain the main reasons for therapeutic failure and contribute to the development of multidrugresistant (MDR) strains. Pediatric patients constitute a high risk population. Most of the firstline drugs are not commercially available in pediatric form. The design of novel antibiotics attempts to overcome drug resistance, to shorten the treatment course and to reduce drug interactions with antiretroviral therapies. On the other hand, the existing antiTB drugs are still effective. Overcoming technological drawbacks of these therapeutic agents as well as improving the effectiveness of the drug by targeting the infection reservoirs remains the central aims of Pharmaceutical Technology. In this framework, nanotechnologies appear as one of the most promising approaches for the development of more effective and compliant medicines. The present review thoroughly overviews the stateoftheart in the development of nanobased drug delivery systems for encapsulation and release of antiTB drugs and discusses the challenges that are faced in the development of a more effective, compliant and also affordable TB pharmacotherapy.
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Document 40 du Toit, Lisa C.; Pillay, Viness; Choonara, Yahya E. Nanomicrobicides: challenges in drug delivery, patient ethics and intellectual property in the war against HIV/AIDS. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2010 March 18; 62(45): 532546 Abstract: As we continue to be embroiled in the global battle against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), there has been an ongoing evolution in the understanding of the molecular mode of sexual transmission of HIV. This has gone handinhand with a paradigm shift and research focus on the development of microbicides compounds designed for vaginal (and possibly rectal) administration that are envisaged to put safe, affordable and accessible protection into the hands of women. However, an effective microbicide is not yet available; innovative approaches for the design of topical vaginal microbicides are urgently needed. The potential of the advancing field of nanomedicine has been earmarked in the increasing efforts to address the major health problems of the developing world. In this review, advances in the design of innovative microbicide nanocarriers and nanoenabled microbicides, henceforth referred to as 'nanomicrobicides', are presented; elaborating on nanotechnology's role in the antiviral arena. The role of nanotechnology in the antiviral arena and the unique issues facing the generation of intellectual property relating to nanomicrobicides in the ongoing global 'tugofwar' of 'patients versus patents' are also explicated.
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Document 41 Austriaco, Nicanor Pier Giorgio Science: notes and abstracts National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 2010 Spring; 10(1): 145158
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* Document 42 Boenink, Marianne Molecular medicine and concepts of disease: the ethical value of a conceptual analysis of emerging biomedical technologies. Medicine, Health Care, and Philosophy 2010 February; 13(1): 1123 Abstract: Although it is now generally acknowledged that new biomedical technologies often produce new definitions and sometimes even new concepts of disease, this observation is rarely used in research that anticipates potential ethical issues in emerging technologies. This article argues that it is useful to start with an analysis of implied concepts of disease when anticipating ethical issues of biomedical technologies. It shows, moreover, that it is possible to do so at an early stage, i.e. when a technology is only just emerging. The specific case analysed here is that of 'molecular medicine'. This group of emerging technologies combines a 'cascade model' of disease processes with a 'personal pattern' model of bodily functioning. Whereas the ethical implications of the first are partly familiar from earlieralbeit controversialforms of preventive and predictive medicine, those of the second are quite novel and potentially farreaching.
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Document 43 Shvedova, A.A.; Kagan, V.E. The role of nanotoxicology in realizing the 'helping without harm' paradigm of nanomedicine: lessons from studies of pulmonary effects of singlewalled carbon nanotubes. Journal of Internal Medicine 2010 January; 267(1): 106118 Abstract: Nanosized materials and nanoscaled processes are widely used in many industries. They are being actively introduced as diagnostic and therapeutic in biomedicine and they are found in numerous consumer products. The small size of nanoparticles, comparable with molecular machinery of cells, may affect normal physiological functions of cells and cause cytotoxicity. Their toxic potential cannot be extrapolated from studies of larger particles due to unique physicochemical properties of nanomaterials. Therefore, the use of nanomaterials may pose unknown risks to human health and the environment. This review discusses several important issues relevant to pulmonary toxicity of nanoparticles, especially singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), their direct cytotoxic effects, their ability to cause an inflammatory response, and induce oxidative stress upon pharyngeal aspiration or inhalation. Further, recognition and engulfment of nanotubes by macrophages as they relate to phagocytosis and bio distribution of nanotubes in tissues and circulation are discussed. The immunosuppressive effects of CNT and their significance in increased sensitivity of exposed individuals to microbial infections are summarized. Finally, data on biodegradation of SWCNT by oxidative enzymes of inflammatory cells are presented in lieu of their persistence and distribution in the body.
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Document 44 Kjølberg, Kamilla Lein and Wickson, Fern, eds. NANO MEETS MACRO: SOCIAL PERSPECTIVES ON NANOSCALE SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES Singapore: Pan Stanford Publishing, 2010. 567 p. Call number: T174.7 .N366 2010
Document 45 European Commission Consultation on the Code of Conduct for Responsible Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies Research Ethically Speaking 2009 December; 13: 63
Georgetown users check Georgetown Journal Finder for access to full text http://ec.europa.eu/european_group_ethics/publications/index_en.htm (link may be outdated) * Document 46 Cormick, Craig Piecing together the elephant: public engagement on nanotechnology challenges. Science and Engineering Ethics 2009 December; 15(4): 439442
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* Document 47 Moral Imagination, Trading Zones, and the Role of the Ethicist in Nanotechnology. Nanoethics 2009 December; 3(3): 185195
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Document 48 Swierstra, Tsjalling; van Est, Rinie; Boenink, Marianne Taking Care of the Symbolic Order. How Converging Technologies Challenge our Concepts. Nanoethics 2009 December; 3(3): 269280 Abstract: In this article we briefly summarize how converging technologies challenge elements of the existing symbolic order, as shown in the contributions to this special issue. We then identify the vision of 'life as a do it yourself kit' as a common denominator in the various forms of convergence and proceed to show how this vision provokes unrest and debate about existing moral frameworks and taboos. We conclude that, just as the problems of the industrial revolution sparked off the now broadly established ideal of sustainability the converging technologies should be governed by the ideal of 'human sustainability'. The essence of this ideal is formed by the ongoing discussion about the extent to which we may, or should want to, 'make' our environment and ourselves, and when it is better to simply accept what is given and what happens to us.
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Document 49 Swierstra, Tsjalling; Boenink, Marianne; Walhout, B.; Van Est, R. Converging Technologies, Shifting Boundaries. [editorial] Nanoethics 2009 December; 3(3): 213216
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* Document 50 Schuurbiers, Daan; Sleenhoff, Susanne; Jacobs, Johannes F.; Osseweijer, Patricia Multidisciplinary Engagement with Nanoethics Through Education The NanobioRAISE Advanced Courses as a Case Study and Model. Nanoethics 2009 December; 3(3): 197211 Abstract: This paper presents and evaluates two advanced courses organised in Oxford as part of the European project NanobioRAISE and suggests using their format to encourage multidisciplinary engagement between nanoscientists and nanoethicists. Several nanoethicists have recently identified the need for 'better' ethics of emerging technologies, arguing that ethical reflection should become part and parcel of the research and development (R&D) process itself. Such new forms of ethical deliberation, it is argued, transcend traditional disciplinary boundaries and require the active engagement and involvement of both nanoethicists and nanoscientists with the broader issues surrounding technological developments. Whereas significant research efforts into multi and interdisciplinary collaborations during R&D processes are now emerging, opportunities for encouraging multidisciplinary engagement through education have remained relatively underexplored. This paper argues that educational programmes could be a natural extension of ongoing collaborative research efforts 'in the lab' and analyses how the NanobioRAISE courses could be used as a model for course development. In addition to exploring how the elements that were conducive to multidisciplinary engagement in this course could be preserved in future courses, this paper suggests shifting the emphasis from public communication towards ethical deliberation. Further course work could thus build capacity among both nanoscientists and nanoethicists for doing 'better' nanoethics.
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* Document 51 Boenink, Marianne Tensions and Opportunities in Convergence: Shifting Concepts of Disease in Emerging Molecular Medicine. Nanoethics 2009 December; 3(3): 243255 Abstract: The convergence of biomedical sciences with nanotechnology as well as ICT has created a new wave of biomedical technologies, resulting in visions of a 'molecular medicine'. Since novel technologies tend to shift concepts of disease and health, this paper investigates how the emerging field of molecular medicine may shift the meaning of 'disease' as well as the boundary between health and disease. It gives a brief overview of the development towards and the often very speculative visions of molecular medicine. Subsequently three views of disease often used in the philosophy of medicine are briefly discussed: the ontological or neoontological, the physiological and the normative/holistic concepts of disease. Against this background two tendencies in the field of molecular medicine are highlighted: (1) the use of a cascade model of disease and (2) the notion of disease as a deviation from an individual pattern of functioning. It becomes clear that molecular medicine pulls conceptualizations of disease and health in several, partly opposed directions. However, the resulting tensions may also offer opportunities to steer the future of medicine in more desirable directions.
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* Document 52 Schermer, Maartje The Mind and the Machine. On the Conceptual and Moral Implications of BrainMachine Interaction. Nanoethics 2009 December; 3(3): 217230 Abstract: Brainmachine interfaces are a growing field of research and application. The increasing possibilities to connect the human brain to electronic devices and computer software can be put to use in medicine, the military, and entertainment. Concrete technologies include cochlear implants, Deep Brain Stimulation, neurofeedback and neuroprosthesis. The expectations for the near and further future are high, though it is difficult to separate hope from hype. The focus in this paper is on the effects that these new technologies may have on our 'symbolic order'on the ways in which popular categories and concepts may change or be reinterpreted. First, the blurring distinction between man and machine and the idea of the cyborg are discussed. It is argued that the morally relevant difference is that between persons and nonpersons, which does not necessarily coincide with the distinction between man and machine. The concept of the person remains useful. It may, however, become more difficult to assess the limits of the human body. Next, the distinction between body and mind is discussed. The mind is increasingly seen as a function of the brain, and thus understood in bodily and mechanical terms. This raises questions concerning concepts of free will and moral responsibility that may have far reaching consequences in the field of law, where some have argued for a revision of our criminal justice system, from retributivist to consequentialist. Even without such a (unlikely and unwarranted) revision occurring, brainmachine interactions raise many interesting questions regarding distribution and attribution of responsibility.
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* Document 53 Allhoff, Fritz Response to open peer commentaries on "the coming era of nanomedicine". American Journal of Bioethics 2009 October; 9(10): W1W2
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* Document 54 Johnson, Summer The era of nanomedicine and nanoethics: has it come, is it still coming, or will it pass us by? [editorial] American Journal of Bioethics 2009 October; 9(10): 12
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* Document 55 Allhoff, Fritz The coming era of nanomedicine. American Journal of Bioethics 2009 October; 9(10): 311 Abstract: This essay presents some general background on nanomedicine, particularly focusing on some of the investment that is being made in this emerging field. The bulk of the essay, however, consists of explorations of two areas in which the impacts of nanomedicine are likely to be most significant: diagnostics and medical records and treatment, including surgery and drug delivery. Each discussion includes a survey some of the ethical and social issues that are likely to arise in these applications.
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* Document 56 TothFejel, Tihamer Nanotechnology will change more than just one thing. American Journal of Bioethics 2009 October; 9(10): 1213; Reply by Fritz Allhoff, W1W2
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* Document 57 McGee, Ellen M. Nanomedicine: ethical concerns beyond diagnostics, drugs, and techniques. American Journal of Bioethics 2009 October; 9(10): 1415; Reply by Fritz Allhoff, W1W2
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* Document 58 Sandler, Ronald Nanomedicine and nanomedical ethics. American Journal of Bioethics 2009 October; 9(10): 1617; Reply by Fritz Allhoff, W1W2
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* Document 59 White, Gladys B. Missing the boat on nanoethics. American Journal of Bioethics 2009 October; 9(10): 1819; Reply by Fritz Allhoff, W1W2
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* Document 60 Davies, J. Clarence Nanolessons for revamping government oversight of technology Issues in Science and Technology 2009 Fall; 26(1): 4350
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Document 61 Johnson, Donald R. Not in my makeup: the need for enhanced premarket regulatory authority over cosmetics in light of increased usage of engineered nanoparticles Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy 2009 Fall; 26(1): 82124
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Document 62 Spagnolo, Antonio G; Daloiso, Viviana Outlining ethical issues in nanotechnologies. Bioethics 2009 September; 23(7): 394402 Abstract: Nanotechnologies are an expression of the human ability to control and manipulate matter on a very small scale. Their use will enable an even and constant monitoring of human organisms, in a new and perhaps less invasive way. Debates at all levelsnational, European and internationalhave pointed out the common difficulty of giving a complete, clear definition of nanotechnologies. This is primarily due to the variety of their components, to the fact that there is not just one technology but several. The most significant medical applications of nanotechnologies are in the diagnostic and the therapeutic fields, eg biosensors and molecular imaging, providing diagnosis and drug delivery with no invasive methods involved. Like any other emerging field, such technologies imply new possibilities for improving health but, on the other hand, they are still at an experimental stage and therefore should be implemented under rigorous safety testing before going on general release. For this purpose, the ethical, legal and social implications (ELSI) of nanotechnologies have been elaborated by study groups, in order to develop solutions before the results of the tests are diffused into medical practice. The aim of this paper is to define some of the ethical issues concerning biomedical applications and to evaluate whether there is a need for new or additional guidelines and regulations.
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* Document 63 Cormick, Craig Why do we need to know what the public thinks about nanotechnology? NanoEthics 2009 August; 3(2): 167173
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* Document 64 Koepsell, David Let's get small: an introduction to transitional issues in nanotech and intellectual property NanoEthics 2009 August; 3(2): 157166
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Document 65 Maclurcan, Donald C. Southern Roles in global nanotechnology innovation: perspectives from Thailand and Australia NanoEthics 2009 August; 3(2): 137156
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* Document 66 Jamison, Andrew Can nanotechnology be just? On nanotechnology and the emerging movement for global justice NanoEthics 2009 August; 3(2): 129136
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* Document 67 Foladori, Guillermo; Invernizzi, Noela; Záyago, Edgar Two dimensions of the ethical problems related to nanotechnology NanoEthics 2009 August; 3(2): 121127
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Document 68 Nissen, Ulrik B. Justice in nanotechnological development (Symposium introduction) NanoEthics 2009 August; 3(2): 119
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* Document 69 Hongladarom, Soraj Nanotechnology, development and Buddhist values NanoEthics 2009 August; 3(2): 97107
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Document 70 The Responsible Nano Forum London: Responsible Nano Forum 2009 July 29: 47 p. http://www.responsiblenanoforum.org/RNF5yearsReport.pdf (link may be outdated)
* Document 71 Maynard, Andrew; Rejeski, David Too small to overlook Nature 2009 July 9; 460(7252): 174
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* Document 72 Nordmann, Alfred; Rip, Arie Mind the gap revisited. Nature Nanotechnology 2009 May; 4(5): 273274
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* Document 73 Ferrari, M.; Philibert, M.A.; Sanhai, W.R. Nanomedicine and society. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2009 May; 85(5): 466467
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Document 74 Spagnolo, Antonio G.; Daloiso, Viviana Más allá de lo visible. Las nanotecnologías y la nanomedicina: definiciones y problemática bioética Medicina y Etica 2009 AprilJune; 20(2): 133160
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* Document 75 Kjølberg, Kamilla Lein Representations of nanotechnology in Norwegian newspapers implications for public participation NanoEthics 2009 April; 3(1): 6172
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* Document 76 Godman, Marion; Hansson, Sven Ove European public advice on nanobiotechnology four convergence seminars NanoEthics 2009 April; 3(1): 4359
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Document 77 BensaudeVincent, Bernadette Selfassembly, selforganization: nanotechnology and vitalism NanoEthics 2009 April; 3(1): 3142
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* Document 78 Groves, Christopher Nanotechnology, contingency, and finitude NanoEthics 2009 April; 3(1): 116
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* Document 79 Kjølberg, Kamilla Lein Representations of nanotechnology in Norwegian newspapers implications for public participation NanoEthics 2009 April; 3(1): 6172
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* Document 80 Godman, Marion; Hansson, Sven Ove European public advice on nanobiotechnology four convergence seminars NanoEthics 2009 April; 3(1): 4359
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Document 81 BensaudeVincent, Bernadette Selfassembly, selforganization: nanotechnology and vitalism NanoEthics 2009 April; 3(1): 3142
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* Document 82 Groves, Christopher Nanotechnology, contingency and finitude NanoEthics 2009 April; 3(1): 116
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* Document 83 Kyle, Renee; Dodds, Susan Avoiding empty rhetoric: engaging publics in debates about nanotechnologies Science and Engineering Ethics 2009 March; 15(1): 8196
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Document 84 Sanderson, Katharine Tighter nanotech regulations touted [news] Nature 2009 February 5; 457(7230): 647
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Document 85 Jones, Dan Immoral advances. When research raises deeply felt objections, it's not enough just to dismiss them as "irrational." New Scientist 2009 January 1016; 201(2690): 2933
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Document 86 Mackey, Thomas M. Nanobiotechnology, synthetic biology, and RNAI: patent portfolios for maximal nearterm commercialization and commons for maximal longterm medical gain Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review 2009 Winter; 13(1): 123206
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* Document 87 Johnson, Deborah G. and Wetmore, Jameson M., eds. TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY: BUILDING OUR SOCIOTECHNICAL FUTURE Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009. 623 p. Call number: T14.5 .T44169 2009
* Document 88 SchöneSeifert, Bettina; Talbot, Davinia; Opolka, Uwe; and Ach, Johann S., eds. NEUROENHANCEMENT: ETHIK VOR NEUEN HARAUSFORDERUNGEN Paderborn: Mentis, 2009. 367 p. Call number: R724 .N47 2009
* Document 89 Einsiedel, Edna F., ed. EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES: FROM HINDSIGHT TO FORESIGHT Vancouver: UBC Press, 2009. 343 p. Call number: T14.5 .E46 2009
Document 90 Anderson, Alison; Petersen, Alan; Wilkinson, Clare; and Allan, Stuart NANOTECHNOLOGY, RISK AND COMMUNICATION New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. 179 p. Call number: T174.7 .N375245 2009
* Document 91 Shapo, Marshall S. EXPERIMENTING WITH THE CONSUMER: THE MASS TESTING OF RISKY PRODUCTS ON THE AMERICAN PUBLIC Westport, CT: Praeger, 2009. 288 p. Call number: KF1296 .S428 2009
* Document 92 Bamford, Sandra and Leach, James, eds. KINSHIP AND BEYOND: THE GENEALOGICAL MODEL RECONSIDERED New York: Berghahn Books, 2009. 292 p. Call number: GN486.5 .K56 2009
* Document 93 Friedman, David D. FUTURE IMPERFECT: TECHNOLOGY AND FREEDOM IN AN UNCERTAIN WORLD Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Call number: T174 .F75 2008 Document 94 Sauer, Ursula G Political incentives towards replacing animal testing in nanotechnology? ALTEX 2009; 26(4): 28594 Abstract: The Treaty of Lisbon requests the European Union and the Member States to pay full regard to animal welfare issues when implementing new policies. The present article discusses how these provisions are met in the emerging area of nanotechnology. Political action plans in Europe take into account animal welfare issues to some extent. Funding programmes promote the development of nonanimal test methods, however only in the area of nanotoxicology and also here not sufficiently to "pay full regard" to preventing animal testing, let alone to bring about a paradigm change in toxicology or in biomedical research as such. Ethical deliberations on nanotechnology, which influence future policies, so far do not address animal welfare at all. Considering that risk assessment of nanoproducts is conceived as a key element to protect human dignity, ethical deliberations should address the choice of the underlying testing methods and call for basing nanomaterial safety testing upon the latest scientific and ethically acceptabletechnologies. Finally, public involvement in the debate on nanotechnology should take into account information on resulting animal experiments.
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* Document 95 Hübner, Dietmar Ethische aspekte der nanotechnologie IWE: Institut fur Wissenschaft und Ethik: Informationsbrief 2009; I: 12
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Document 96 Herzfeld, Noreen L. The new alchemy In her: Technology and Religion: Remaining Human in a CoCreated World. West Conshohocken, PA: Templeton Press, 2009: 91124 Call number: BL265 .T4 H38 2009
Document 97 Kerridge, Ian; Lowe, Michael; Stewart, Cameron Genetics and biotechnology In their: Ethics and Law for the Health Professions. 3rd edition. Annandale, NSW: Federation Press, 2009: 357404 Call number: KU1520 .K47 2009
* Document 98 Jaeger, Jan; Marcin, Marisa P.; Wolpe, Paul Root Nanotechnology and nanomedicine: ethical and social considerations In: Ravitsky, Vardit; Fiester, Autumn; Caplan, Arthur L., eds. The Penn Center Guide to Bioethics. New York: Springer Publishing Co., 2009: 111 123 Call number: QH332 .P46 2009
Document 99 Gjerris, Mickey This is not a hammer: on ethics and technology In: Bedau, Mark A.; Parke, Emily C., eds. The Ethics of Protocells: Moral and Social Implications of Creating Life in the Laboratory. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009: 291305 Call number: TP248.23 .E862 2009
Document 100 Faunce, Thomas; Bowman, Diana M.; Evans, Donald Republication: In That Case [article and responses] Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 2009 March; 6(1): 139, 141143, 145146
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* Document 101 Stebbing, Margaret Avoiding the trust deficit: public engagement, values, the precautionary principle and the future of nanotechnology Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 2009 March; 6(1): 3748 Abstract: Debates about the regulatory requirements surrounding the introduction of nanotechnology products have, at least in Australia, remained largely within disciplinary boundaries and industry and academic circles. This paper argues for a more interdisciplinary and inclusive upstream debate about the introduction of ethical, regulatory and legal frameworks that may avoid the loss of public trust that has characterised the introduction of many new technologies in the past. Insights from riskperception theory and research are used to introduce the notion of risk as narrative as a framework for action. This paper suggests three main strategies for moving forward; drawing insights from the "trust gap" experiences of other new technologies; the application of the active form of the precautionary principle; and, the creation of nanofutures that meet both community and industry values through effective public engagement.
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* Document 102 Bowman, diana M.; Ludlow, Karinne Filling the information void: using public registries as a tool in nanotechnologies regulation Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 2009 March; 6(1): 2536 Abstract: Based on the experiences of two high profile voluntary data collection programs for engineered nanomaterials, this article considers the merit of an international online registry for scientific data on engineered nanomaterials and environmental, health and safety (EHS) data. Drawing on the earlier experiences from the pharmaceutical industry, the article considers whether a registry of nanomaterials at the international level is practical or indeed desirable, and if so, whether such an initiative—based on the current state of play—should be voluntary or mandatory. The article commences with an examination of the success and failures of voluntary reporting schemes in the UK and the US, as well as the International Council of Nanotechnology's EHS Database and the OECD's Working Party on Manufactured Nanomaterials. The article then examines the history of clinical trials registries, including the key motivations behind their creation, the role of selfregulation, and the perceived benefits thereof. Key lessons of the rise of clinical trials registration are highlighted, as are crucial considerations that must be addressed by policy makers should a multilateral public registry for data on nanoscale materials and EHS research be perceived to be a desirable option. The article concludes by arguing that while the creation of a registry to record information generated on nanomaterials is not straightforward, this reason alone should not deter industry from taking a proactive approach to the dissemination of fundamental data and research findings.
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* Document 103 Sparrow, Robert The social impacts of nanotechnology: an ethical and political analysis Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 2009 March; 6(1): 1323 Abstract: This paper attempts some predictions about the social consequences of nanotechnology and the ethical issues they raise. I set out four features of nanotechnology that are likely to be important in determining its impact and argue that nanotechnology will have significant social impacts in—at least—the areas of health and medicine, the balance of power between citizens and governments, and the balance of power between citizens and corporations. More importantly, responding to the challenge of nanotechnology will require confronting "philosophical" questions about the sort of society we wish to create and the role that technology might play in creating it. This in turn will require developing institutions and processes that allow the public to wield real power in relation to technological trajectories. My ultimate contention is that the immediate task established by the likely social impacts of nanotechnology is not so much to develop an ethics of nanotechnology as to facilitate an ethical conversation about nanotechnology.
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* Document 104 Petersen, Alan Introduction: the ethical challenges of nanotechnologies Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 2009 March; 6(1): 912 Abstract: Nanotechnologies are expected to have a substantial impact on our lives in the future. However, the nanotechnology field is characterised by many uncertainties and debates surrounding the characterisation of technologies, the nature of the applications, the potential benefits and the likely risks. Given the rapid development of nanotechnologies, it is timely to consider what, if any, novel ethical challenges are posed by developments and how best to address these given the attendant uncertainties. The three articles which comprise this symposium consider the philosophical, regulatory and risk perception and communication questions that arise from this arena.
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* Document 105 Service, Robert F. Report faults U.S. strategy for nanotoxicology research [news] Science 2008 December 19; 322(5909): 1779
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* Document 106 Singer, Natasha New products bring side effect: nanophobia New York Times 2008 December 4; p. E1, E3
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* Document 107 Roache, Rebecca Ethics, speculation, and values NanoEthics 2008 December; 2(3): 317327
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Document 108 Thompson, Paul B. The opposite of human enhancement: nanotechnology and the blind chicken problem NanoEthics 2008 December; 2(3): 305316
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* Document 109 Hassoun, Nicole Nanotechnology, enhancement, and human nature NanoEthics 2008 December; 2(3): 289304
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* Document 110 Glenn, Linda MacDonald; Boyce, Jeanann S. Nanotechnology: considering the complex ethical, legal, and societal issues with the parameters of human performance Nanoethics 2008 December; 2(3): 265275
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* Document 111 Lin, Patrick; Allhoff, Fritz Untangling the debate: the ethics of human enhancement NanoEthics 2008 December; 2(3): 251264
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* Document 112 Berger, Francois; Gevers, Sjef; Siep, Ludwig; Weltring, KlausMichael Ethical, legal and social aspects of brainimplants using nanoscale materials and techniques NanoEthics 2008 December; 2(3): 241249
Georgetown users check Georgetown Journal Finder for access to full text Document 113 Goorden, Lieve; Van Oudheusen, Michiel; Evers, Johan; Deblonde, Marian Lose one another . . . and find one another in nanospace. 'Nanotechnologies for Tomorrow's Society: a case for reflective action research in Flanders (NanoSoc)' NanoEthics 2008 December; 2(3): 213230
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Document 114 Furber, Musa Ethical dimensions of nanotechnology Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates: Tabah Foundation 2008 November; (6): 118 [Online]. Accessed: http://www.tabahfoundation.org/research/pdfs/Tabah_Research_ab_en_006.pdf [2011 April 14]
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Document 115 Papers about papers. Nature Nanotechnology 2008 November; 3(11): 633
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Document 116 Jones, Richard When it pays to ask the public. Nature Nanotechnology 2008 October; 3(10): 578579
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Document 117 Parens, Erik; Johnston, Josephine; Moses, Jacob Do we need "synthetic bioethics"? Science 2008 September 12; 321(5895): 1449
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Document 118 Toumey, Chris Questions and answers. Nature Nanotechnology 2008 September; 3(9): 519520
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Document 119 Staggers, Nancy; McCasky, Teresa; Brazelton, Nancy; Kennedy, Rosemary Nanotechnology: the coming revolution and its implications for consumers, clinicians, and informatics. Nursing Outlook 2008 SeptemberOctober; 56(5): 268274
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Document 120 Nerlich, Brigitte Powered by imagination: nanobots at the science photo library Science as Culture 2008 September; 17(3): 269292
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Document 121 Joly, PierreBenoit; Kaufmann, Alain Lost in translation? The need for 'upstream engagement' with nanotechnology on trial Science as Culture 2008 September; 17(3): 225247
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* Document 122 Godman, Marion But is it unique to nanotechnology? Reframing nanoethics. Science and Engineering Ethics 2008 September; 14(3): 391403
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* Document 123 Bowman, Diana M.; Hodge, Graeme A. A big regulatory toolbox for a small technology NanoEthics 2008 August; 2(2): 193207
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* Document 124 Ludlow, Karinne Nanoregulation filtering out the small stuff NanoEthics 2008 August; 2(2): 183191
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* Document 125 Bowman, Diana M. Governing nanotechnologies: weaving new regulatory webs or patching up the old? NanoEthics 2008 August; 2(2): 179181
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* Document 126 Evers, Johan; Aerts, Stefan; De Tavernier, Johan An ethical argument in favor of nanoenabled diagnostics in livestock disease control NanoEthics 2008 August; 2(2): 163178
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Document 127 Kuzma, Jennifer; Besley, John C. Ethics of risk analysis and regulatory review: from bio to nanotechnology NanoEthics 2008 August; 2(2): 149162
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* Document 128 Invernizzi, Noela Visions of Brazilian scientists on nanosciences and nanotechnologies NanoEthics 2008 August; 2(2): 133148
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* Document 129 McGinn, Robert Ethics and nanotechnology: views of nanotechnology researchers NanoEthics 2008 August; 2(2): 101131
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Document 130 Sandler, Ronald Review of Fritz Allhoff, Patrick Lin, James Moor, and John Weckert, eds., Nanoethics: The Ethical and Social Implications of Nanotechnology [book review] American Journal of Bioethics 2008 August; 8(8): 7071
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* Document 131 Davies, J. Clarence Nanotechnology Oversight: An Agenda for the New Administration Washington, DC: Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2008 July: 28 p. http://www.nanotechproject.org/process/assets/files/6709/pen13.pdf (link may be outdated)
Document 132 Davies, J. Clarence Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Nanotechnology Oversight: An Agenda for the New Administration Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2008 July; 28 p. http://207.58.186.238/process/assets/files/6709/pen13.pdf (link may be outdated)
Document 133 Taylor, Michael R. Assuring the Safety of Nanomaterials in Food Packaging: The Regulatory Process and Key Issues Washington, DC: Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2008 June 25: 94 p. http://www.nanotechproject.org/publications/archive/nano_food_packaging/ (link may be outdated)
Document 134 Khushf, George Health as intrasystemic integrity: rethinking the foundations of systems biology and nanomedicine Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 2008 Summer; 51(3): 432449
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Document 135 Busch, Lawrence Nanotechnologies, food, and agriculture: next big thing or flash in the pan? Agriculture and Human Values 2008 Summer; 25(2): 215218
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* Document 136 Zoloth, Laurie; Backhaus, Leilah; Woofruff, Teresa Waiting to be born: the ethical implications of the generation of "NUBorn" and "NUAge" mice from prepubertal ovarian tissue American Journal of Bioethics 2008 June; 8(6): 2129 Abstract: Oncofertility is one of the 9 NIH Roadmap Initiatives, federal grants intended to explore previously intractable questions, and it describes a new field that exists in the liminal space between cancer treatment and its sequelae, IVF clinics and their yearning, and basic research in cell growth, biomaterials, and reproductive science and its tempting promises. Cancer diagnoses, which were once thought universally fatal, now often entail management of a chronic disease. Yet the therapies are rigorous, must start immediately, and in many cases result in premature failure of the body's reproductive ability. In women, this loss is especially poignant; unlike the routine storage of sperm, which is done in men and boys facing similar treatment decisions, freezing oocytes in anticipation of fertility loss is not possible in most cases, and creating an embryo within days of diagnosis raises significant moral, social and medical challenges. Oncofertility is the study of how to harvest ovarian tissue in women facing cancer to preserve their gametes for future use with IVF, thus allowing the decisions about childbearing to be deferred and reproductive choices to be preserved. The research endeavor uses the capacity of the ovarian follicle to produce eggs in vitro. Developing the human follicle to ovulate successfully outside the body is scientifically difficult and ethically challenging. Infertility is linked to longstanding religious and moral traditions, and is intertwined with deeply contentious social narratives about women, families, illness and birth. Is the research morally permissible? Perhaps imperative if understood as a repair from iatrogenic harms? How are considerations of justice central to the work? How will vulnerable subjects be protected? What are the moral implications of the work for women, children and families? What are the implications for society if women could store ovarian tissue as a way of stopping the biological clock? What are the moral possibilities and challenges if eggs can be produced in large quantities from a stored ovarian tissue?
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Document 137 Chang, Kenneth In study, researchers find nanotubes may pose health risks similar to asbestos New York Times 2008 May 21; p. A22
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Document 138 Greenfield, Susan Reinventing us: what is technology doing to human identity? New Scientist 2008 May 1723; 198(2656): 4849
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Document 139 Jalali, Rakesh Particle therapy in clinical practice: is there enough evidence to justify the current surge in interest? Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 2008 AprilJune; 4(2): 5456
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Document 140 Lekas, Deanna How to reduce your firm's risk and increase revenues related to nanotechnology: an 8step program for small firms Washington, DC: Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2008 April: 7 p.
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* Document 141 Brownsword, Roger Regulating nanomedicine the smallest of our concerns? NanoEthics 2008 April; 2(1): 7386
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Document 142 van Calster, Geert Risk regulation, EU law and emerging technologies: smother or smooth? NanoEthics 2008 April; 2(1): 6171
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* Document 143 Marchant, Gary E.; Sylvester, Douglas J.; Abbott, Kenneth W. Risk management principles for nanotechnology NanoEthics 2008 April; 2(1): 4360
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* Document 144 Schummer, Joachim; Pariotti, Elena Regulating nanotechnologies: risk management models and nanomedicine NanoEthics 2008 April; 2(1): 3942
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* Document 145 van de Poel, Ibo How should we do nanoethics? A network approach for discerning ethical issues in nanotechnology NanoEthics 2008 April; 2(1): 2538
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* Document 146 Ebbesen, Mette The role of the humanities and social sciences in nanotechnology research and development [See Erratum in: NanoEthics 2008 December; 2(3): 333] NanoEthics 2008 April; 2(1): 113
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* Document 147 Culliton, Barbara J. Is special FDA regulation of nanomedicine needed? A conversation with Norris E. Alderson [interview] Health Affairs 2008 MarchJune; 27(34): w315w317
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* Document 148 Keiner, Suellen Room at the Bottom? Potential state and local strategies for managing the risks and benefits of nanotechnology. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, 2008 March: 52 p. http://www.nanotechproject.org/process/assets/files/6112/pen11_keiner.pdf (link may be outdated)
Document 149 Taylor, Michael R. First annual conference on nanotechnology law, regulation and policy: keynote address Washington, DC: Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2008 February 28: 6 p. http://www.nanotechproject.org/process/assets/files/6095/fdli_nanotech_keynote_speech_feb_28_2008.pdf (link may be outdated)
* Document 150 Moriarty, Philip Reclaiming academia from postacademia. Nature Nanotechnology 2008 February; 3(2): 6062
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Document 151 Natural does not mean harmless New Scientist 2008 January 26February 1; 197(2640): 5
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* Document 152 Toumey, Chris Atom and Eve. Nature Nanotechnology 2008 January; 3(1): 23
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Document 153 Grunwald, Armin AUF DEM WEG IN EINE NANOTECHNOLOGISCHE ZUKUNFT: PHILOSOPHISCHETHISCHE FRAGEN Freiburg: Karl Alber Verlag, 2008. 388 p. Call number: T174.7 .G78 2008
Document 154 David, Kenneth H. and Thompson, Paul B., eds. WHAT CAN NANOTECHNOLOGY LEARN FROM BIOTECHNOLOGY: SOCIAL AND ETHICAL LESSONS FOR NANOSCIENCE FROM THE DEBATE OVER AGRIFOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GMOs Amsterdam/Boston: Elsevier/Academic Press, 2008. 342 p. Call number: TP248.25 .N35 W45 2008
* Document 155 Shatkin, Jo Anne NANOTECHNOLOGY: HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2008. 167 p. Call number: T174.7 .S52 2008
* Document 156 BennettWoods, Deb, [ed.] NANOTECHNOLOGY: ETHICS AND SOCIETY Boca Rotan, FL: CRC Press, 2008. 282 p. Call number: T174.7 .B36 2008
Document 157 Ach, Johann S. and Weidemann, Christian, eds. SIZE MATTERS: ETHICAL, LEGAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY AND NANOMEDICINE Münster: LIT, 2008. 252 p. Call number: T174.7 .S59 2008 Document 158 Milburn, Colin NANOVISION: ENGINEERING THE FUTURE Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2008. 280 p. Call number: TA418.9 .N35 M56 2008
* Document 159 Nouailhat, Alain AN INTRODUCTION TO NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY London: ISTE/John Wiley & Sons, 2008. 206 p. Call number: QC176.8 .N35 N68 2008
* Document 160 Jotterand, Fabrice, ed. EMERGING CONCEPTUAL, ETHICAL AND POLICY ISSUES IN BIONANOTECHNOLOGY Dordrecht/London: Springer, 2008. Call number: R857 .N34 E64 2008
* Document 161 ShelleyEgan, Clare Mapping ethics in the real world of nanotechnology: a progress report In: Ach, Johann S.; Weidemann, Christian, eds. Size Matters: Ethical, Legal, and Social Aspects of Nanobiotechnology and NanoMedicine. Münster: LIT; Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2008: 147155 Call number: T174.7 .S59 2008
* Document 162 Catalano, Antonio Nanotechnologycomplexity roundtrip In: Ach, Johann S.; Weidemann, Christian, eds. Size Matters: Ethical, Legal, and Social Aspects of Nanobiotechnology and NanoMedicine. Münster: LIT; Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2008: 133144 Call number: T174.7 .S59 2008
* Document 163 Weidemann, Christian Towards a heuristic for nanoethics: the onus of proof in applied ethics. Uncovering status quo and other biases In: Ach, Johann S.; Weidemann, Christian, eds. Size Matters: Ethical, Legal, and Social Aspects of Nanobiotechnology and NanoMedicine. Münster: LIT; Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2008: 117131 Call number: T174.7 .S59 2008
* Document 164 Knell, Sebastian Antiageing through nanobiotechnology: an ethical assessment In: Ach, Johann S.; Weidemann, Christian, eds. Size Matters: Ethical, Legal, and Social Aspects of Nanobiotechnology and NanoMedicine. Münster: LIT; Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2008: 101115 Call number: T174.7 .S59 2008
* Document 165 Johansson, Veronica Do brain machine interfaces on nano scale post new ethical challenges? In: Ach, Johann S.; Weidemann, Christian, eds. Size Matters: Ethical, Legal, and Social Aspects of Nanobiotechnology and NanoMedicine. Münster: LIT; Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2008: 7599 Call number: T174.7 .S59 2008
Document 166 Mepham, Ben Bioethics in the laboratory In his: Bioethics: An Introduction for the Biosciences. 2nd edition. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2008: 381406 Call number: QH332 .M47 2008
Document 167 Kerr, Ian; Wishart, James "A tsunami wave of science": how the technologies of transhumanist medicine are shifting Canada's health research agenda Health Law Journal 2008; Special Edition: Visions: 1340
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Document 168 Oza, Achal Labeling and failuretowarn concerns for FDAregulated goods incorporating nanotechnology Journal of Biolaw and Business 2008; 11(3): 2331
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* Document 169 Singer, Peter A.; Bhatt, Archana; Frew, Sara E.; Greenwood, Heather; Mackie, Jocelyn; Panjwani, Dilnoor; Persad, Deepa L.; SalamancaBuentello, Fabio; Séguin, Béatrice; Taylor, Andrew D.; Thorsteinsdóttir, Halla; Walji, Aneesa; Daar, Abdallah S. Harnessing advanced technologies for global health equity In: Green, Ronald M.; Donovan, Aine; Jauss, Steven A., eds. Global Bioethics: Issues of Conscience for the TwentyFirst Century. Oxford: Clarendon Press; Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2008: 179204 Call number: R724 .G595 2008
* Document 170 Demissie, Hailemichael Teshome Taming matter for the welfare of humanity: regulating nanotechnology In: Brownsword, Roger; Yeung, Karen, eds. Regulating Technologies: Legal Futures, Regulatory Frames and Technological Fixes. Oxford; Portland, OR: Hart, 2008: 327356 Call number: K1401 .R45 2008
* Document 171 CNRS Ethics Committee (COMETS) Eight guidelines on nanotechnologies issued by the CNRS Ethics Committee In: Nouailhat, Alain. An Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. London: ISTE; Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2008: 185189 Call number: QC176.8 .N35 N68 2008
* Document 172 Sandler, Ronald Nanotechnology and human flourishing: toward a framework for assessing radical human enhancements In: Jotterand, Fabrice, ed. Emerging Conceptual, Ethical and Policy Issues in Bionanotechnology. Dordrecht; London: Springer, 2008: 239254 Call number: R857 .N34 E64 2008
Document 173 Mitchell, M. Ellen Nanotechnology, the body and the mind In: Jotterand, Fabrice, ed. Emerging Conceptual, Ethical and Policy Issues in Bionanotechnology. Dordrecht; London: Springer, 2008: 219238 Call number: R857 .N34 E64 2008
* Document 174 DeVille, Kenneth A. Law, regulation and the medical use of nanotechnology In: Jotterand, Fabrice, ed. Emerging Conceptual, Ethical and Policy Issues in Bionanotechnology. Dordrecht; London: Springer, 2008: 181200 Call number: R857 .N34 E64 2008
Document 175 Plows, Alexandra; Reinsborough, Michael Nanobiotechnology and ethics: converging civil society discourses In: Jotterand, Fabrice, ed. Emerging Conceptual, Ethical and Policy Issues in Bionanotechnology. Dordrecht; London: Springer, 2008: 133156 Call number: R857 .N34 E64 2008
* Document 176 Whitman, Audy G.; Lambert, Phelps J.; Dyson, Ossie F.; Akula, Shaw M. Applications of nanotechnology in the biomedical sciences: small materials, big impacts, and unknown consequences In: Jotterand, Fabrice, ed. Emerging Conceptual, Ethical and Policy Issues in Bionanotechnology. Dordrecht; London: Springer, 2008: 117130 Call number: R857 .N34 E64 2008
* Document 177 Grunwald, Armin Nanoparticles: risk management and the precautionary principle In: Jotterand, Fabrice, ed. Emerging Conceptual, Ethical and Policy Issues in Bionanotechnology. Dordrecht; London: Springer, 2008: 85102 Call number: R857 .N34 E64 2008
* Document 178 Baumgartner, Christoph Bionanotechnology: a new challenge for ethical reflection? In: Jotterand, Fabrice, ed. Emerging Conceptual, Ethical and Policy Issues in Bionanotechnology. Dordrecht; London: Springer, 2008: 6784 Call number: R857 .N34 E64 2008
Document 179 Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Looking back on the first two years: biennial report Washington, DC: Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2008: 32 p. http://www.nanotechproject.org/process/assets/files/5928/nano_2yearreport_1.pdf (link may be outdated)
Document 180 Schultz, William B.; Barclay, Lisa Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies A Hard pill to swallow: barriers to effective FDA regulation of dietary supplements made from nanotechnology Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2008: p.
Document 181 Luoma, Samuel N. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Silver nanotechnologies and the environment Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2008: p.
Document 182 Kahan, Dan M.; Slovic, Paul; Braman, Donald; Gastil, John; Cohen, Geoffrey, Kysar, Douglas Biased assimilation, polarization, and cultural credibility: an experimental study of nanotechnology risk perceptions Washington, DC: Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2008 February: 23 p.
Document 183 Felcher, E. Marla Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies The Consumer Product Safety Commission and Nanotechnology Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2008: p.
Document 184 Rejeski, David Feynman, Voltaire and Beckett on Nanotechnology Washington, DC: Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2007 December 3: 23 slides http://www.nanotechproject.org/process/assets/files/5946/120307_rejesi_nantionalpressclub.pdf (link may be outdated)
* Document 185 Lindberg, John E.; Quinn, Margaret M. A Survey of environmental, health and safety risk management information needs and practices among nanotechnology firms in the Massachusetts region Washington, DC: Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2007 December: 15 p. http://www.nanotechproject.org/process/assets/files/5960/brief2kahan_final.pdf (link may be outdated)
* Document 186 DorbeckJung, Bärbel R. What can prudent public regulators learn from the United Kingdom government's nanotechnological regulatory activities? NanoEthics 2007 December; 1(3): 257270
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* Document 187 Petersen, Alan; Anderson, Alison A question of balance or blind faith?: scientists' and science policymakers' representations of the benefits and risks of nanotechnologies NanoEthics 2007 December; 1(3): 243256
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* Document 188 Bowman, Diana M.; Hodge, Graeme A. Editorial governing nanotechnology: more than a small matter? NanoEthics 2007 December; 1(3): 239241
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* Document 189 Hermerén, Göran Challenges in the evaluation of nanoscale research: ethical aspects NanoEthics 2007 December; 1(3): 223237
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* Document 190 Toumey, Chris Privacy in the shadow of nanotechnology NanoEthics 2007 December; 1(3): 211222
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* Document 191 Allhoff, Fritz On the autonomy and justification of nanoethics NanoEthics 2007 December; 1(3): 185210
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Document 192 Joly, PierreBenoit; Rip, Arie A timely harvest. The public should be consulted on contentioius research and development early enough for their opinions to influence the course of science and policymaking Nature 2007 November 8; 450(7167): 174
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* Document 193 Munir, Abu Bakar; Yasin, Siti Hajar Mohd Nanotechnology in healthcare: are existing laws adequate? European Journal of Health Law 2007 November; 14(3): 261272
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Document 194 White, Gladys B.; Moreno, Jonathan D.; Berger, Sam The sky is falling ...or maybe not: the moral necessity of technology assessment American Journal of Bioethics 2007 October; 7(10): 2021; author reply W1W3
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Document 195 Kling, Jim Nanotech under scrutiny, but tighter regulation remains distant Nature Biotechnology 2007 October; 25(10): 1068
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Document 196 EPSON Foundation. Institute of Technoethics Universitat de Barcelona. Science and Technology Ethics Research Group III International Conference on Technoethics Online: Ethical subjects related to science, technology and their social implications Barcelona, Spain: EPSON Foundation, 2007 October: [multiple pages] http://www.fundacionepson.es/cit/eng/papers.htm (link may be outdated)
* Document 197 Peter D. Hart Research Associates, Inc. Awareness of and attitudes toward nanotechnology and federal regulatory agencies: a report of findings based on a national survey among adults Washington, DC: Peter D. Hart Research Associates, Inc., 2007 September 25: 12 p. [Online]. Accessed: http://www.nanotechproject.org/process/assets/files/5888/hart_nanopoll _2007.pdf [2008 August 15] http://www.nanotechproject.org/process/assets/files/5888/hart_nanopoll_2007.pdf (link may be outdated)
* Document 198 Bawa, Raj; Johnson, Summer The ethical dimensions of nanomedicine Medical Clinics of North America 2007 September; 91(5): 881887
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* Document 199 Schulte, Paul A.; SalamancaBuentello, Fabio Ethical and scientific issues of nanotechnology in the workplace. Ciência & saúde coletiva 2007 SeptemberOctober; 12(5): 13191332
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Document 200 Maynard, Andrew D. Nanotechnology in context Medical Ethics Newsletter [Lahey Clinic] 2007 Fall; 14(3): 67
Georgetown users check Georgetown Journal Finder for access to full text http://www.lahey.org/Ethics/ (link may be outdated) Document 201 Gordon, Bart; Morris, Jeff; Rejeski, David Large effects of nanotechnology [letters] Issues in Science and Technology 2007 Fall; 24(1): 910
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Document 202 Bennett, Belinda Regulating small things: genes, gametes and nanotechnology Journal of Law and Medicine 2007 August; 15(1): 153160
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* Document 203 Khushf, George Upstream ethics in nanomedicine: a call for research. Nanomedicine 2007 August; 2(4): 511521
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* Document 204 Doubleday, Robert The laboratory revisited: academic science and the responsible development of nanotechnology NanoEthics 2007 August; 1(2): 167176
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* Document 205 Fisher, Erik Ethnographic invention: probing the capacity of laboratory decisions NanoEthics 2007 August; 1(2): 155165
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* Document 206 Burri, Regula Valérie Deliberating risks under uncertainty: experience, trust, and attitudes in a Swiss nanotechnology stakeholder discussion group NanoEthics 2007 August; 1(2): 143154
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* Document 207 Kearnes, Matthew; Wynne, Brian On nanotechnology and ambivalence: the politics of enthusiasm NanoEthics 2007 August; 1(2): 131142
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* Document 209 Lin, Patrick Nanotechnology bound: evaluating the case for more regulation NanoEthics 2007 August; 1(2): 105122
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* Document 210 Kjølberg, Kamilla; Wickson, Fern Social and ethical interactions with nano: mapping the early literature NanoEthics 2007 August; 1(2): 89104
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* Document 211 Grunwald, Armin; Julliard, Yannick Nanotechnology steps toward understanding human beings as technology? NanoEthics 2007 August; 1(2): 7787
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Document 212 Jotterand, Fabrice Review of David M. Berube, NanoHype. The Truth Behind the Nanotechnology Buzz [book review] American Journal of Bioethics 2007 August; 7(8): 5455
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Document 213 Schmidt, Karen The great nanotech gamble New Scientist 2007 July 1420; 195(2612): 3841
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Document 214 Safe or sorry: nanotechnology is taking off, so where’s the safety net? [editorial] New Scientist 2007 July 1420; 195(2612): 3
Georgetown users check Georgetown Journal Finder for access to full text * Document 215 Enough talk already: governments should act on researchers' attempts to engage the public over nanotechnology [editorial] Nature 2007 July 5; 448(7149): 12
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* Document 216 Resnik, David B.; Tinkle, Sally S. Ethical issues in clinical trials involving nanomedicine Contemporary Clinical Trials 2007 July; 28(4): 433441
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* Document 217 Breggin, Linda K.; Pendergrass, John Where does the Nano go? End of life regulation of nanotechnologies Washington, DC: Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2007 July: 58 p. Abstract: "This report by Linda Breggin and John Pendergrass of the Environmental Law Institute is the most comprehensive analysis done to date of two key EPAadministered laws that regulate the endoflife stategies for materials and products: the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), also known as the Superfund statute." (p. 3 of the report) http://www.nanotechproject.org/process/assets/files/2699/208_nanoend_of_life_pen10.pdf (link may be outdated)
Document 218 Dupuy, JeanPierre La nanoéthique existetelle? Libre opinion [Does nanoethics exist? Free opinion] Les Cahiers du Comité Consultatif National d’Éthique pour les Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé 2007 JulySeptember; (52): 4144
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Document 219 Nanotechnology: untold promise, unknown risk Consumer Reports 2007 July; 72(7): 4045
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Document 220 Ciftcioglu, Neva; Aho, Katja M.; McKay, David S.; Kajander, E. Olavi Are apatite nanoparticles safe? [letter] Lancet 2007 June 2329; 369(9579): 2078
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* Document 221 Resnik, David B.; Tinkle, Sally S. Ethics in nanomedicine. Nanomedicine 2007 June; 2(3): 345350
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Document 222 Bawa, Raj Patents and nanomedicine. Nanomedicine 2007 June; 2(3): 351374
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* Document 223 Vogt, Tom; Baird, Davis; Robinson, Chris Opportunities in the 'postacademic' world. Nature Nanotechnology 2007 June; 2(6): 329332
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* Document 224 Thurs, Daniel Patrick No longer academic: models of commercialization and the construction of a nanotech industry Science as Culture 2007 June; 16(2): 169186
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* Document 225 Mody, Cyrus; McCray, Patrick; Roberts, Jody; Berne, Rosalyn; Lin, Patrick; Keiper, Adam Debating nanoethics [letters and reply] New Atlantis 2007 Summer; (17): 514
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* Document 226 Lenk, Christian; BillerAndorno, Nikola Nanomedicine emerging or reemerging ethical issues? A discussion of four ethical themes Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 2007 June; 10(2): 173184 Abstract: Nanomedicine plays a prominent role among emerging technologies. The spectrum of potential applications is as broad as it is promising. It includes the use of nanoparticles and nanodevices for diagnostics, targeted drug delivery in the human body, the production of new therapeutic materials as well as nanorobots or nanoprotheses. Funding agencies are investing large sums in the development of this area, among them the European Commission, which has launched a large network for lifesciences related nanotechnology. At the same time government agencies as well as the private sector are putting forward reports of working groups that have looked into the promises and risks of these developments. This paper will begin with an introduction to the central ethical themes as identified by selected reports from Europe and beyond. In a next step, it will analyse the most frequently invoked ethical concernsrisk assessment and management, the issues of human identity and enhancement, possible implications for civil liberties (e.g. nanodevices that might be used for covert surveillance), and concerns about equity and fair access. Although it seems that the main ethical issues are not unique to nanotechnologies, the conclusion will argue against shrugging them off as nonspecific items that have been considered before in the context of other biomedical technologies, such as gene therapy or xenotransplantation. Rather, the paper will call on ethicists to help foster a rational, fair and participatory discourse on the different potential applications of nanotechnologies in medicine, which can form the basis for informed and responsible societal and political decisions.
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Document 227 Lupton, M. Nanotechnology salvation or damnation for humans? Medicine and Law: The World Association for Medical Law 2007 June; 26(2): 349362 Abstract: Nanotechnology is a term derived from the Greek word nanos, meaning dwarf. It is used to describe activities at the level of atoms and molecules. The application of this technology is aimed at controlling and manipulating the physical properties of materials with single molecule precision. Scientists use the technology to build working devices, systems and materials, molecule by molecule. This enables them to exploit the unique and powerful electrical, physical and chemical properties found at that scale. Nanotech holds the potential to revolutionise medicine, electronics and chemistry. Nanomedicine would facilitate the repair and improvement of the human body from the inside out, with a precision and delicacy far greater than the finest surgical instruments permit. Problem areas stemming from the technology include the following: Who will benefit just the rich or the poor as well? This paper will explore the role of law, ethics and suitable control mechanisms to limit the dangers and maximise the benefits of nanotechnology for society, especially in the field of medicine.
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Document 228 Sandler, Ronald; Bosso, Christopher J. Tiny technology, enormous implications Issues in Science and Technology 2007 Summer; 23(4): 2830
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Document 229 Weckert, John Technological determinism, values and the precautionary principle in nanotechnology [abstract] Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics 2007 May; 17(3): 72
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Document 230 Schummer, Joachim The impact of nanotechnologies on developing countries [abstract] Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics 2007 May; 17(3): 71
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Document 231 Teparkum, Sirasak Nanotechnology's ethics, safety and society implications in which role does NANOTEC play? [abstract] Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics 2007 May; 17(3): 71
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* Document 232 Thompson, Richard E. Nanotechnology: science fiction? Or next challenge for the ethics committee? Physician Executive 2007 MayJune; 33(3): 6466
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* Document 233 Davies, J. Clarence EPA and nanotechnology: oversight for the 21st century Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2007 May: 73 p. Abstract: "This paper focuses on the U.s. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and its role in dealing with the potential adverse effects of nano. EPA administers more laws that are relevant to nano than does any other agency. The federal law the potentially could have the broadest coverage of nanomaterials is the Toxic Substances Control Act, administered by the EPA. EPA is doing more research on nano than is any other regulatory agency. It will inevitably be a central player in the unfolding drama of nano's development." (page 11 of the report) http://www.nanotechproject.org/process/assets/files/2698/197_nanoepa_pen9.pdf (link may be outdated)
* Document 234 van den Hoven, Jeroen; Vermaas, Pieter E. Nanotechnology and privacy: on continuous surveillance outside the panopticon Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 2007 MayJune; 32(3): 283297 Abstract: We argue that nanotechnology in the form of invisible tags, sensors, and Radio Frequency Identity Chips (RFIDs) will give rise to privacy issues that are in two ways different from the traditional privacy issues of the last decades. One, they will not exclusively revolve around the idea of centralization of surveillance and concentration of power, as the metaphor of the Panopticon suggests, but will be about constant observation at decentralized levels. Two, privacy concerns may not exclusively be about constraining information flows but also about designing of materials and nanoartifacts such as chips and tags. We begin by presenting a framework for structuring the current debates on privacy, and then present our arguments.
Georgetown users check Georgetown Journal Finder for access to full text * Document 235 Nordmann, Alfred Knots and strands: an argument for productive disillusionment Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 2007 MayJune; 32(3): 217236 Abstract: This article offers a contrast between European and USAmerican approaches to the convergence of enabling technologies and to associated issues. It identifies an apparently paradoxical situation in which regional differences produce conflicting claims to universality, each telling us what can and will happen to the benefit of humanity. Those who might mediate and negotiate these competing claims are themselves entangled in the various positions. A possible solution is offered, namely a universalizable strategy that aims to disentangle premature claims to unity and universality as in the case of the greater "efficiency" of nanomedicine. This is the strategy by which Science and Technologies Studies (STS) can analytically tease apart what it has helped produce and sustain in the first place. The virtues and limits of this strategy are briefly presented, deliberation and decisionmaking under conditions of productive disillusionment recommended.
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* Document 236 Khushf, George The ethics of NBIC convergence Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 2007 MayJune; 32(3): 185196
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Document 237 The risks of nanotechnology for human health [editorial] Lancet 2007 April 713; 369(9568): 1142
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Document 238 Schmidt, Karen F. Green nanotechnology: it's easier than you think. Washington, DC: Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2007 April: 31 p. http://www.nanotechproject.org/process/assets/files/2701/187_greennano_pen8.pdf (link may be outdated)
Document 239 Jean, Michele S.; Deleury, Édith L’avis no. 96 du CCNE sur la nanomédecine: une réflexion importante et éclairante qui arrive qu bon moment [Libres propos] [Opinion 96 of the CCNE on nanomedicine: an important and illuminating reflection that comes at the right time] [Commentary] Les Cahiers du Comité Consultatif National d’Éthique pour les Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé 2007 AprilJune; (51): 3435
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Document 240 Lorrain, Jean Louis Libres propos sur l’avis 96 du CCNE [Commentary on Opinion 96 of the CCNE] Les Cahiers du Comité Consultatif National d’Éthique pour les Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé 2007 AprilJune; (51): 33
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Document 241 Grollier, Jean François Du bon usage des nanotechnologies en cosmétologie [Libres propos] [Good uses of nanotechnology in cosmetology] [Commentary] Les Cahiers du Comité Consultatif National d’Éthique pour les Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé 2007 AprilJune; (51): 3132
Georgetown users check Georgetown Journal Finder for access to full text Document 242 Couvreur, Patrick Nanomédicaments: des medicaments comme les autres? [Libres propos] [Nanomedication: medication like any other?] [Commentary] Les Cahiers du Comité Consultatif National d’Éthique pour les Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé 2007 AprilJune; (51): 2931
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Document 243 Dab, William Nanosciences, nanotechnologies et santé: le prototype des nouveaux risques [Libres propos] [Nanoscience, nanotechnology and health: the prototype of new risks] [Commentary] Les Cahiers du Comité Consultatif National d’Éthique pour les Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé 2007 AprilJune; (51): 2628
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Document 244 France. Comité Consultatif National d’Éthique pour les Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé [CCNE] Questions éthiques posées par les nanosciences, les nanotechnologies et la santé: avis no. 96: 1 février 2007 [Ethical questions created by nanoscience, nanotechnology, and health: opinion no. 96: 1 February 2007] Les Cahiers du Comité Consultatif National d’Éthique pour les Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé 2007 AprilJune; (51): 918
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Document 245 Tabuchi, Mari Nanobiotech versus synthetic nanotech? [letter] Nature Biotechnology 2007 April; 25(4): 389390
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Document 246 Holden, Constance Nanofinger Science 2007 March 30; 315(5820): 1773
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* Document 247 Greenwood, Mark Thinking big about things small: creating an effective oversight system for nanotechnology Washington, DC: Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2007 March: 30 p. http://www.nanotechproject.org/process/assets/files/2703/166_greenwood_pen_7.pdf (link may be outdated)
Document 248 Nanotechnology and life cycle assessment: a systems approach to nanotechnology and the environment. Synthesis of results obtained at a workshop in Washington, DC, 23 October 2006. Washington, DC: Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2007 March: 34 p. http://www.nanotechproject.org/process/assets/files/2711/168_nanolca_3.07.pdf (link may be outdated)
Document 249 Schmidt, Karen F. NanoFrontiers: Visions for the Future of Nanotechnology. Washington, DC: Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2007 March: 45 p. http://www.nanotechproject.org/process/assets/files/2704/181_pen6_nanofrontiers.pdf (link may be outdated)
Document 250 Schmidt, Karen F. Nanofrontiers: Visions for the Future of Nanotechnology Washington, DC: Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2007 March: 45 p. http://www.nanotechproject.org/process/assets/files/2704/181_pen6_nanofrontiers.pdf (link may be outdated)
Document 251 Kim, Kelly Y. Research training and academic disciplines at the convergence of nanotechnology and biomedicine in the United States Nature Biotechnology 2007 March; 25(3): 359361
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* Document 252 Campbell, Courtney S.; Clark, Lauren A.; Loy, David; Keenan, James F.; Matthews, Kathleen; Winograd, Terry; Zoloth, Laurie The bodily incorporation of mechanical devices: ethical and religious issues (Part 1) CQ: Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 2007 Spring; 16(2): 229239
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Document 253 van der Bruggen, Koos Military Nanotechnology. Potential Applications and Preventive Arms Control by Jürgen Altman [book review] NanoEthics 2007 March; 1(1): 6971
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Document 254 Sparrow, Robert Revolutionary and familiar, inevitable and precarious: rhetorical contradictions in enthusiam for nanotechnology NanoEthics 2007 March; 1(1): 5768
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* Document 255 ShraderFrechette, Kristin Nanotoxicology and ethical conditions for informed consent NanoEthics 2007 March; 1(1): 4756
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Document 256 Nordmann, Alfred If and then: a critique of speculative nanoethics NanoEthics 2007 March; 1(1): 3146
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Document 257 Johnson, Deborah G. Ethics and technology ‘in the making’: an essay on the challenge of nanoethics NanoEthics 2007 March; 1(1): 2130
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Document 258 Swierstra, Tsjalling; Rip, Arie Nanoethics as NESTethics: patterns of moral argumentation about new and emerging science and technology NanoEthics 2007 March; 1(1): 320
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Document 259 Moor, James H.; Weckert, John Nanotechnology and nanoethics Medical Ethics Newsletter [Lahey Clinic] 2007 Spring; 14(2): 12
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Document 260 Maynard, Andrew Nanotechnology: a primer Washington, DC: Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2007 February 27: 10 slides http://www.nanotechproject.org/process/assets/files/2734/154_nanotechnolog_aprimer_maynard.pdf (link may be outdated)
Document 261 Service, Robert F. Health and safety research slated for sizable gains [news] Science 2007 February 16; 315(5814): 926
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Document 262 Gergely, Anna Regulation of nanotechnology within reach? Nano Now! 2007 February; 1(1): 4446 [Online] Accessed: http://www.nanonow.co.uk/nanonow_issue1.pdf [2007 March 2]
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* Document 263 Bruce, Donald Faster, higher, stronger Nano Now! 2007 February; 1(1): 1819 [Online]. Accessed: http://www.nanonow.co.uk/nanonow_issue1.pdf [2007 March 2]
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* Document 264 European Commission. European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies Opinion on the ethical aspects of nanomedicine Brussels. Belgium: The European Commission, European Group on Ethics in Science and New technologies to the European Commission: 2007 January 17; 164 p. [Online]. Accessed: http://ec.europa.eu/european_group_ethics/activities/docs/opinion_21_nano_en.pdf [2007 January 30]
http://ec.europa.eu/european_group_ethics/activities/docs/opinion_21_nano_en.pdf (link may be outdated) * Document 265 Schulte, Paul A.; SalamancaBuentello, Fabio Ethical and scientific issues of nanotechnology in the workplace. Environmental Health Perspectives 2007 January; 115(1): 512
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Document 266 Beware of big brother. Nature Nanotechnology 2007 January; 2(1): 1
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* Document 267 Ach, Johann S. and Siep, Ludwig, eds. NANOBIOETHICS: ETHICAL DIMENSIONS OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY Münster: LIT/Piscataway, NJ: Distributed in North America by: Transaction Publishers, 2007. 88 p. Call number: TA174.7 .N36 2006
* Document 268 Cameron, Nigel M. de S. and Mitchell, M. Ellen, eds. NANOSCALE: ISSUES AND PERSPECTIVES FOR THE NANO CENTURY Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 2007. Call number: T174.7 .N3575 2007
* Document 269 Have, Henk A.M.J. ten, ed. NANOTECHNOLOGIES, ETHICS AND POLITICS Paris: UNESCO, 2007. 244 p. Call number: T174.7 .N367 2007
Document 270 Allhoff, Fritz; Lin, Patrick; Moor, James; and Weckert, John, eds. NANOETHICS: THE ETHICAL AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY New York: WileyInterscience, 2007. 385 p. Call number: T174.7 .N373199 2007
Document 271 Maynard, Andrew D. and Pui, David Y.H., eds. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Dordrecht: Springer, 2007. 182 p. Call number: T174.7 .I59335 2005
* Document 272 Mitchell, C. Ben; Pellegrino, Edmund D.; Elshtain, Jean Bethke; Kilner, John F.; Rae, Scott B. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND THE HUMAN GOOD Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2007. 210 p. Call number: TP248.23 .B567 2007
* Document 273 Hook, C. Christopher Nanotechnology and the future of medicine In: de S. Cameron, Nigel; Mitchell, M. Ellen, eds. Nanoscale: Issues and Perspectives for the Nano Century. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 2007: 337 357 Call number: T174.7 .N3575 2007 * Document 274 BennettWoods, Debra Anticipating the impact of nanoscience and nanotechnology in healthcare In: de S. Cameron, Nigel; Mitchell, M. Ellen, eds. Nanoscale: Issues and Perspectives for the Nano Century. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 2007: 295 314 Call number: T174.7 .N3575 2007
* Document 275 de S. Cameron, Nigel Toward nanoethics? In: de S. Cameron, Nigel; Mitchell, M. Ellen, eds. Nanoscale: Issues and Perspectives for the Nano Century. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 2007: 281 294 Call number: T174.7 .N3575 2007
* Document 276 Hughes, James Beyond human nature: the debate over nanotechnological enhancement In: de S. Cameron, Nigel; Mitchell, M. Ellen, eds. Nanoscale: Issues and Perspectives for the Nano Century. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 2007: 6169 Call number: T174.7 .N3575 2007
Document 277 Khushf, George Importance of a midterm time horizon for addressing ethical issues integral to nanobiotechnology. Journal of longterm Effects of Medical Implants 2007; 17(3): 263269
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* Document 278 Florczyk, Stephen J.; Saha, Subrata Ethical issues in nanotechnology. Journal of Longterm Effects of Medical Implants 2007; 17(3): 271280
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* Document 279 Vallero, Daniel Alan Beyond responsible conduct in research: new pedagogies to address macroethics of nanobiotechnologies. Journal of Longterm Effects of Medical Implants 2007; 17(1): 112
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* Document 280 Lin, Albert C. Size matters: regulating nanotechnology Harvard Environmental Law Review 2007; 48(2): 349408
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Document 281 Evans, Donald Ethics, nanotechnology and health In: ten Have, Henk A.M.J., ed. Nanotechnologies, Ethics and Politics. Paris, France: UNESCO Pub., 2007: 125153 Call number: T174.7 .N367 2007
* Document 282 Gordijn, Bert Ethical issues in nanomedicine In: ten Have, Henk A.M.J., ed. Nanotechnologies, Ethics and Politics. Paris, France: UNESCO Pub., 2007: 99123 Call number: T174.7 .N367 2007
* Document 283 Schummer, Joachim Identifying ethical issues of nanotechnologies In: ten Have, Henk A.M.J., ed. Nanotechnologies, Ethics and Politics. Paris, France: UNESCO Pub., 2007: 7998 Call number: T174.7 .N367 2007
* Document 284 Holm, Søren Does nanotechnology require a new 'nanoethics'? In: Gunning, Jennifer; Holm, Søren, eds. Ethics, Law and Society. Volume III. Aldershot, Hants, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2007: 265268 Call number: BJ1581.2 .E85 2007 v. 3
Document 285 Currall, Steven C.; Lane, Neal (with King, Eden B.; Madera, Juan; and Turner, Stacey) What drives public acceptance of nanotechnology? Dreaming of a nanotech Christmas Washington, DC: Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2006 December 5: 11 slides Supported by: NSF EEC0118007; NSF SES0531146 http://www.nanotechproject.org/process/assets/files/2730/140_currall_12_50_6.pdf (link may be outdated)
Document 286 Cameron, N.M. Nanotechnology and the human future: policy, ethics, and risk Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2006 December; 1093: 280300
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Document 287 Kearnes, Matthew; GroveWhite, Robin; MacNaghten, Phil; Wilsdon, James; Wynne, Brian From bio to nano: learning lessons from the UK agricultural biotechnology controversy Science as Culture 2006 December; 15(4): 291307
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Document 288 Shipbaugh, Calvin Offensedefense aspects of nanotechnologies: a forecast of potential military applications Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 2006 Winter; 34(4): 741747
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* Document 289 Best, Robert; Khushf, George The social conditions for nanomedicine: disruption, systems, and lockin Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 2006 Winter; 34(4): 733740 Abstract: Here we consider two ways that nanomedicine might be disruptive. First, lowend disruptions that are intrinsically unpredictable but limited in scope, and second, high end disruptions that involve broader societal issues but can be anticipated, allowing opportunity for ethical reflection.
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Document 290 Gordijn, Bert Converging NBIC technologies for improving human performance: a critical assessment of the novelty and the prospects of the project Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 2006 Winter; 34(4): 726732 Abstract: This contribution focuses on two claims advanced by the proponents of the project of "Converging Technologies for Improving Human Performance." Firstly, it is maintained that this project represents something genuinely new and quite unique. Secondly, it is argued that the future prospects of the project are extraordinarily positive. In order to critically assess both claims this paper first focuses on the question of whether there is actually anything genuinely new about the project of improving human performance by means of converging NBIC technologies. In addition it is analyzed whether the project warrants that we be optimistic about its future prospects.
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* Document 291 Marchant, Gary E.; Sylvester, Douglas J. Transnational models for regulation of nanotechnology Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 2006 Winter; 34(4): 714725 Abstract: Like all technologies, nanotechnology will inevitably present risks, whether they result from unintentional effects of otherwise beneficial applications, or from the malevolent misuse of technology. Increasingly, risks from new and emerging technologies are being regulated at the international level, although governments and private experts are only beginning to consider the appropriate international responses to nanotechnology. In this paper, we explore both the potential risks posed by nanotechnology and potential regulatory frameworks that law may impose. In so doing, we also explore the various rationales for international regulation including the potential for crossboundary harms, sharing of regulatory expertise and resources, controlling protectionism and trade conflicts, avoiding a "race to the bottom" in which governments seek economic advantage through lax regulation, and limiting the "nano divide" between North and South. Finally, we examine some models for international regulation and offer tentative thoughts on the prospects for each.
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* Document 292 Wilson, Robin Fretwell Nanotechnology: the challenge of regulating known unknowns Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 2006 Winter; 34(4): 704713 Abstract: Media reports of the health hazards posed by nanosized particles (NSPs) have turned a white hot spotlight on the risks of nanotechnology. Worried about the risks posed to workers producing nanomaterials, the Washington Post has labeled nanotechnology a "seatof thepants occupational health experiment." This article examines our emerging knowledge base about the hazards of two types of exposure: inhalation of NSPs and topical application of products containing NSPs. It argues that a cleareyed evaluation of the benefits and risks of nanotechnology is made extremely difficult by the marriage of a complex science with a venture capitalistlike hype. It then suggests that, absent additional statutory authority, governmental regulators cannot readily address the risks posed by these products. This regulatory inaction leaves a significant role for the private insurance market, a role that regulators should support in tangible ways outlined in the article.
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* Document 293 Wardak, Ahson; Gorman, Michael E. Using trading zones and life cycle analysis to understand nanotechnology regulation Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 2006 Winter; 34(4): 695703 Abstract: This article reviews the public health and environmental regulations applicable to nanotechnology using a life cycle model from basic research through endoflife for products. Given nanotechnology's immense promise and public investment, regulations are important, balancing risk with the public good. Trading zones and earth systems engineering management assist in explaining potential solutions to gaps in an otherwise complex, overlapping regulatory system.
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* Document 294 Grinbaum, Alexei Cognitive barriers in perception of nanotechnology Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 2006 Winter; 34(4): 689694 Abstract: This article is concerned with predictions of future events, such as technological achievements and changes in the human condition that they will bring about. Cognitive barriers arise when human agents are either asked or forced to make judgments and decisions with respect to unknown singular events. This article argues that barriers such as an aversion to not knowing and the impossibility to believe trump expert and ordinary human reasoning. These barriers apply to nanotechnology. To avoid undesired societal effects arising from them, this essay proposes a set of steps designed to foster responsible public dialogue.
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* Document 295 Meaney, Mark E. Lessons from the sustainability movement: toward an integrative decisionmaking framework for nanotechnology Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 2006 Winter; 34(4): 682688 Abstract: The author argues that bioethicists must develop alternative approaches to facilitate the study of the conditions for the responsible development of nanotechnologies. Proponents of "sustainability" have developed a useful model to integrate multiple perspectives into the evaluation of the impact of technologies on global ecological integrity under conditions of uncertainty.
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* Document 296 Sandler, Ronald; Kay, W.D. The national nanotechnology initiative and the social good Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 2006 Winter; 34(4): 675681 Abstract: The purpose of the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) is to promote nanotechnology in a way that benefits the citizens of the United States. It involves a commitment to support responsible development of nanotechnology. The NNI's enactment of this commitment is critically assessed. It is concluded that there are not adequate avenues within the NNI by which social and ethical issues can be raised, considered, and, when appropriate, addressed.
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* Document 297 Kaiser, Mario Drawing the boundaries of nanoscience rationalizing the concerns? Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 2006 Winter; 34(4): 667674 Abstract: Nanotechnology as an emerging field is strongly related to visionary prospects which are disposed to reappear as dystopian concerns. As long as nanotechnology does not provide reliable criteria for assessing these worries as rational or as irrational they remain a challenge for ethical reflection. Given this underdetermination, many nanovisions and their corresponding concerns should therefore be considered as "arational." For that reason, a "constructivist" stance is endorsed which does not seek to take part in discussions as to how ethicists should cope with controversial worries, but tries to observe how concerns are managed by different social actors. This perspective allows us to remodel some concerns such as "grey goo" not solely as a societal reaction, but also as challenging and irritating factors. As such they potentially initiate two different processes simultaneously: a differentiation in terms of demarcating science from nonscience on the one hand, and a rationalization of concerns on the other. Analyzing these processes empirically allows to reconstruct how "arational" concerns are socially made rational or, on the contrary, irrational.
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* Document 298 Jotterand, Fabrice The politicization of science and technology: its implications for nanotechnology Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 2006 Winter; 34(4): 658666 Abstract: The development of nanotechnology intensifies challenges to the traditional understanding of how to pursue scientific and technological knowledge. Science can no longer be construed simply as the ideal of the quest for truth (i.e., "pure science"). Science has become the source of economic power and political power. In this paper, I argue that nanotechnology is a cardinal exemplar of "this politicization." At the same time, I assert that this new scientific ethos offers the possibility of a better integration of ethical and philosophical reflections at the core of scientific and technological development.
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* Document 299 Best, Robert; Khushf, George; Wilson, Robin A sympathetic but critical assessment of nanotechnology initiatives Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 2006 Winter; 34(4): 655657
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Document 300 Peota, Carmen Real, small stuff Minnesota Medicine 2006 November; 89(11): 8, 10
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* Document 301 Johnston, Josephine Field notes: small Hastings Center Report 2006 NovemberDecember; 36(6): inside cover
Georgetown users check Georgetown Journal Finder for access to full text * Document 302 Toumey, Chris Science and democracy. Nature Nanotechnology 2006 October; 1(1): 67
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* Document 303 Taylor, Michael R. Regulating the products of nanotechnology: does FDA have the tools it needs? Washington, DC: Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2006 October: 60 p. http://www.nanotechproject.org/process/assets/files/2705/110_pen5_fda.pdf (link may be outdated)
Document 304 Bachmann, Andreas Eidgenossische Ethikkommission für die Biotechnologie im Ausserhumanbereich [EKAH] [Swiss Federal Ethics Committee for Biotechnology on Nonhuman Biotechnology [ECNH] Nanobiotechnologie: Eine ethische Auslegeordnung Bern, Switzerland: Eidgenossische Ethikkommission für die Biotechnologie im Ausserhumanbereich [EKAH], 2006 October: 126 p. http://www.ekah.admin.ch/uploads/media/dBeitragNanobiotechnologie2006.pdf (link may be outdated)
Document 305 Gewin, Virginia Nanotech's big issue Nature 2006 September 14; 443(7108): 137
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Document 306 Hall, J. Storrs Nanoenabled AI: some philosophical issues International Journal of Applied Philosophy 2006 Fall; 20(2): 247261
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* Document 307 Zebrowski, Robin L. Altering the body: nanotechnology and human nature International Journal of Applied Philosophy 2006 Fall; 20(2): 229246
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Document 308 Van Den Hoven, Jeroen Nanotechnology and privacy: the instructive case of RFID International Journal of Applied Philosophy 2006 Fall; 20(2): 215228
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Document 309 Weil, Vivian Introducing standards of care in the commercializatin of nanotechnology International Journal of Applied Philosophy 2006 Fall; 20(2): 205213
Georgetown users check Georgetown Journal Finder for access to full text Document 310 Weckert, John; Moor, James The precautionary principle in nanotechnology International Journal of Applied Philosophy 2006 Fall; 20(2): 191204
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Document 311 Allhoff, Fritz; Lin, Patrick What's so special about nanotechnology and nanoethics? International Journal of Applied Philosophy 2006 Fall; 20(2): 179190
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Document 312 Bruce, Donald Ethical and social issues in nanobiotechnologies: Nano2Life provides a European ethical 'think tank' for research in biology at the nanoscale EMBO Reports 2006 August; 7(8): 754758
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Document 313 DelgadoRamos, Gian Carlo Nanoconceptions: a sociological insight of nanotechnology conceptions Journal of Philosophy, Science and Law 2006 July 1; 6: 157
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* Document 314 Maynard, Andrew D. Nanotechnology: a research strategy for addressing risk Washington, DC: Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2006 July: 41 p. http://www.nanotechproject.org/process/assets/files/2707/77_pen3_risk.pdf (link may be outdated)
Document 315 Wetmore, Jameson M. Nanotalk: conversations with scientists and engineers about ethics, meaning, and belief in the development of nanotechnology by Rosalyn Berne [book review] Science and Engineering Ethics 2006 July; 12(3): 583584
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Document 316 Toumey, Chris; Baird, Davis Building nanoliteracy in the university and beyond Nature Biotechnology 2006 June; 24(6): 721722
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Document 317 Nanotechnology update [news] Ethics and Medicine 2006 Summer; 22(2): 126
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Document 318 Weiss, Rick Nanotech raises workersafety questions Washington Post 2006 April 8; A01 [Online] Available: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/article/2006/04/07/AR2006040701725_pf.html [10 October 2006]
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/article/2006/04/07/AR2006040701725_pf.html (link may be outdated)
Document 319 Moran, Nuala Nanomedicine lacks recognition in Europe [news] Nature Biotechnology 2006 February; 24(2): 121
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Document 320 Collins, Harry A little judgement [review of NanoHype: The Truth Behind the Nanotechnology Buzz, by David M. Berube] Nature 2006 January 12; 439(7073): 141
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* Document 321 Macoubrie, Jane Informed Public Perceptions of Nanotechnology and Trust in Government Washington, DC: Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2006 January: 26 p.
Georgetown users check Georgetown Journal Finder for access to full text http://www.nanotechproject.org/process/assets/files/2709/8_informed_public_perceptions_of_nanotechnology_and_trust_in_government.pdf (link may be outdated)
Document 322 Sargent, Ted THE DANCE OF MOLECULES: HOW NANOTECHNOLOGY IS CHANGING OUR LIVES New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 2006. 234 p. Call number: TK174.7 .S27 2006
* Document 323 Berube, David M. NANOHYPE: THE TRUTH BEHIND THE NANOTECHNOLOGY BUZZ Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2006. 521 p. Call number: T174.7 .B376 2006
* Document 324 Matsuura, Jeffrey H. NANOTECHNOLOGY REGULATION AND POLICY WORLDWIDE Boston: Artech House, 2006. 194 p. Call number: K3924 .H54 M38 2006
Document 325 Berne, Rosalyn W. NANOTALK: CONVERSATIONS WITH SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS ABOUT ETHICS, MEANING, AND BELIEF IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NANOTECHNOLOGY Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2006. 361 p. Call number: T174.7 .B37 2006
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* Document 326 Hunt, Geoffrey and Mehta, Michael D., eds. NANOTECHNOLOGY: RISK, ETHICS AND LAW London/Sterling, VA: Earthscan, 2006. 296 p. Call number: T174.7 .N37525 2006
Document 327 Shelley, Toby NANOTECHNOLOGY: NEW PROMISES, NEW DANGERS London: Zed Books; Black Point, Nova Scotia: Fernwood; Bangalore, India: Books for Change; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: SIRD; Cape Town, S.A.: David Philip; New York: Distributed in the USA exclusively by Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. 170 p. Call number: T174.7 .S54 2006
Document 328 Edwards, Steven A. THE NANOTECH PIONEERS: WHERE ARE THEY TAKING US? Weinheim: WileyVCH, 2006. 244 p. Call number: T174.7 .E39 2006
Document 329 National Research Council (United States). Committee to Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative A MATTER OF SIZE: TRIENNIAL REVIEW OF THE NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY INITIATIVE Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2006. 183 p. Call number: T174.7 .M37 2006 http://www.nap.edu (link may be outdated)
* Document 330 Tavani, Herman T., ed. ETHICS, COMPUTING, AND GENOMICS Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett, 2006. 356 p. Call number: QH441.2 .E47 2006 Document 331 Ebbesen, Mette; Jensen, Thomas G Nanomedicine: techniques, potentials, and ethical implications. Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology 2006 2006(5): 51516 Abstract: Nanotechnology is concerned with materials and systems whose structures and components exhibit novel physical, chemical, and biological properties due to their nanoscale size. This paper focuses on what is known as nanomedicine, referring to the application of nanotechnology to medicine. We consider the use and potentials of emerging nanoscience techniques in medicine such as nanosurgery, tissue engineering, and targeted drug delivery, and we discuss the ethical questions that these techniques raise. The ethical considerations involved in nanomedicine are related to risk assessment in general, somaticcell versus germlinecell therapy, the enhancement of human capabilities, research into human embryonic stem cells and the toxicity, uncontrolled function and self assembly of nanoparticles. The ethical considerations associated with the application of nanotechnology to medicine have not been greatly discussed. This paper aims to balance clear ethical discussion and sound science and so provide nanotechnologists and biotechnologists with tools to assess ethical problems in nanomedicine.
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Document 332 European Commission. European Group on Ethics in Sciences and New Technologies The Ethical aspects of nanomedicine. Proceedings of the roundtable debate organized by the European Group on Ethics Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2006: 121 p. http://ec.europa.eu/european_group_ethics/activities/docs/roundt_nano_21march2006_final_en.pdf (link may be outdated)
* Document 333 United States Congress. House. Commitee on Science Environmental and safety impacts of nanotechnology: what research is needed? Hearing on November 17, 2005 Washington, DC: [GPO], 2006 185 p. [Online]. Accessed: http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi? dbname=109_house_hearings&docid=f:24464.pdf [2010 January 6] http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_house_hearings&docid=f:24464.pdf (link may be outdated)
* Document 334 Schummer, Joachim 'Societal and ethical implications of nanotechnology': meanings, interest groups, and social dynamics In: Schummer, Joachim; Baird, Davis, eds. Nanotechnology Challenges: Implications for Philosophy, Ethics and Society. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific Pub., 2006: 413449 Call number: T174.7 .N37355 2006
Document 335 Toumey, Christopher P. Narratives for nanotech: anticipating public reactions to nanotechnology In: Schummer, Joachim; Baird, Davis, eds. Nanotechnology Challenges: Implications for Philosophy, Ethics and Society. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific Pub., 2006: 383411 Call number: T174.7 .N37355 2006 * Document 336 Dupuy, JeanPierre; Grinbaum, Alexei Living with uncertainty: toward the ongoing normative assessment of nanotechnology In: Schummer, Joachim; Baird, Davis, eds. Nanotechnology Challenges: Implications for Philosophy, Ethics and Society. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific Pub., 2006: 287334 Call number: T174.7 .N37355 2006
* Document 337 Laurent, Louis; Petit, JeanClaude Nanosciences and their convergence with other technologies: new golden age or apocalypse? In: Schummer, Joachim; Baird, Davis, eds. Nanotechnology Challenges: Implications for Philosophy, Ethics and Society. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific Pub., 2006: 249286 Call number: T174.7 .N37355 2006
* Document 338 Preston, Christopher J. The promise and threat of nanotechnology: can environmental ethics guide us? In: Schummer, Joachim; Baird, Davis, eds. Nanotechnology Challenges: Implications for Philosophy, Ethics and Society. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific Pub., 2006: 217248 Call number: T174.7 .N37355 2006
* Document 339 Lewenstein, Bruce V. What counts as a 'social and ethical issue' in nanotechnology? In: Schummer, Joachim; Baird, Davis, eds. Nanotechnology Challenges: Implications for Philosophy, Ethics and Society. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific Pub., 2006: 201216 Call number: T174.7 .N37355 2006
* Document 340 Berube, David M. A public sphere in nanoscience and technology policy making In his: Nanohype: The Truth Behind the Nanotechnology Buzz. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2006: 335360 Call number: T174.7 .B376 2006
* Document 341 Berube, David M. Societal and ethical implications of nanotechnology research In his: Nanohype: The Truth Behind the Nanotechnology Buzz. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2006: 305334 Call number: T174.7 .B376 2006
* Document 342 Davies, J. Clarence Managing the effects of nanotechnology Washington, DC: Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2006: 32 p. http://www.nanotechproject.org/process/assets/files/2708/30_pen2_mngeffects.pdf (link may be outdated) * Document 343 Edwards, Steven A. Fear of nano: dangers and ethical challenges In his: The Nanotech Pioneers: Where Are They Taking Us? Weinheim: WileyVCH, 2006: 197229 Call number: T174.7 .E39 2006
* Document 344 Sheremeta, Lorraine Nanotechnologies and the ethical conduct of research involving human subjects In: Hunt, Geoffrey; Mehta, Michael D., eds. Nanotechnology: Risk, Ethics and Law. London; Sterling, VA: Earthscan, 2006: 247258 Call number: T174.7 .N37525 2006
* Document 345 Weckert, John The control of scientific research: the case of nanotechnology. In: Tavani, Herman T., ed. Ethics, Computing, and Genomics. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett; 2006: 323339. Call number: QH441.2 .E47 2006
* Document 346 Bruce, Donald Ethical and social issues in nanotechnologies EMBO Reports 2006; 7(8): 754758
Georgetown users check Georgetown Journal Finder for access to full text http://www.nature.com/embor/journal/v7/n8/pdf/7400762.pdf (link may be outdated)
Document 347 Québec (Province). Commission de l'éthique de la science et de la technologie [CEST] [Science and Technology Ethics Committee] Éthique et nanotechnologies: se donner les moyens d'agir [Ethics and nanotechnologies: a basis for action] Québec, Canada: Gouvernement de Québec, 2006; 121 p. http://www.ethique.gouv.qc.ca/fr/ftp/Nano_Web_BD.pdf (link may be outdated)
* Document 348 Stang, Charma; Sheremata, Lorraine Nanotechnology a lot of hype over almost nothing? Health Law Review 2006; 15(1): 5355
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Document 349 Eilperin, Juliet Nanotechnology's big question: safety; some say micromaterials are coming to market without adequate controls Washington Post 2005 October 23; p. A11
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Document 350 Hampton, Tracy Researchers size up nanotechnology risks [news] JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 2005 October 19; 294(15): 18811883
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* Document 351 Gordijn, Bert Nanoethics: from Utopian dreams and apocalyptic nightmares towards a more balanced view Science and Engineering Ethics 2005 October; 11(4): 521533
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Document 352 Valuefree nanotech? [editorial] Nature 2005 September 22; 437(7058): 451452
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Document 353 Cutter, Anthony Mark Genetically Modified Athletes: Biomedical Ethics, Gene Doping and Sport, by Andy Miah [book review] Genetics, Society, and Policy 2005 August; 1(2): 9496
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Document 354 Parr, Douglas Will nanotechnology make the world a better place? Trends in Biotechnology 2005 August; 23(8): 395398
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* Document 356 Bruce, Donald Making the world better? New Scientist 2005 June 1117; 186(2503): 21
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Document 357 New Zealand. Toi te Taiao: The Bioethics Council Bioethics Council Progress Report Wellington, New Zealand: Toi te Taiao: Bioethics Council, 2005 May; 14 p. http://www.bioethics.org.nz/publications/bioethicsprogressreportmay05/bioethicscouncilprogressreport may05.pdf (link may be outdated)
* Document 358 Grunwald, Armin Nanotechnology a new field of ethical inquiry? Science and Engineering Ethics 2005 April; 11(2): 187201
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Document 359 Greenfield, Susan A. Biotechnology, the brain and the future TRENDS in Biotechnology 2005 January; 23(1): 3441
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* Document 360 Susanne, Charles; Casado, Maria; Buxo, Maria Jesus What challenges offers nanotechnology to bioethics? [opinion] Revista de Derecho y Genoma Humano / Law and the Human Genome Review 2005 JanuaryJune; (22): 2745
Georgetown users check Georgetown Journal Finder for access to full text http://wwwderecho.unex.es/biblioteca/Sumarios/genoma.htm (link may be outdated) Document 361 Gaskell, George; Ten Eyck, Toby; Jackson, Jonathan; Veltri, Giuseppi Imagining nanotechnology: cultural support for technological innovation in Europe and the United States Public Understanding of Science 2005 January; 14(1): 8190
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Document 362 Dinello, Daniel TECHNOPHOBIA! SCIENCE FICTION VISIONS OF POSTHUMAN TECHNOLOGY Austin: University of Texas Press, 2005. 329 p. Call number: PN3433.6 .D56 2005
Document 363 Hall, J. Storrs NANOFUTURE: WHAT'S NEXT FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2005. 333 p. Call number: T174.7 .H35 2005
Document 364 Einsiedel, Edna F. and Timmermans, Frank, eds. CROSSING OVER: GENOMICS IN THE PUBLIC ARENA Calgary: University of Calgary Press, 2005. 261 p. Call number: TP248.23 .C765 2005
Document 365 Mitcham, Carl, ed. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND ETHICS Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005. 4 volumes. [2378 p.] Call number: Q175.35 .E53 2005
Document 366 Macoubrie, Jane Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Informed public perceptions of nanotechnology and trust in government Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2005: p.
Document 367 Mehta, Michael D.; Goldenberg, Linda In search of nanoscale economics: intellectual property & nano mercantilism in the preassembler & assembler stages of nanotechnology In: Einsiedel, Edna; Timmermans, Frank, eds. Crossing Over: Genomics in the Public Arena. Calgary, Alberta, Canada: University of Calgary Press, 2005: 207224 Call number: TP248.23 .C765 2005 Document 368 Post, Stephen G. Posthumanism In: Mitcham, Carl, ed. Encyclopedia of Science, Technology, and Ethics. Farmington Hills, MI: Thomson/Gale, 2005: 14581462 Call number: Q175.35 .E53 2005 v.3
* Document 369 Berne, Rosalyn W. Nanoethics In: Mitcham, Carl, ed. Encyclopedia of Science, Technology, and Ethics. Farmington Hills, MI: Thomson/Gale, 2005: 12591262 Call number: Q175.35 .E53 2005 v.3
* Document 370 Kurzweil, Ray Nanoscience, nanotechnology, and ethics: promise and peril In: Mitcham, Carl, ed. Encyclopedia of Science, Technology, and Ethics. Farmington Hills, MI: Thomson/Gale, 2005: xlixlviii Call number: Q175.35 .E53 2005 v.1
Document 371 Berne, Rosalyn W. Towards the conscientious development of ethical nanotechnology Science and Engineering Ethics 2004 October; 10(4): 627638
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Document 372 United Kingdom. Royal Society United Kingdom. Royal Academy of Engineering Nanoscience and nanotechnologies: opportunities and uncertainties London: Royal Society, 2004 July 29: 116 p. http://www.nanotec.org.uk/finalReport.htm (link may be outdated)
* Document 373 TothFejel, Tihamer T. Humanity and nanotechnology judging enhancements National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 2004 Summer; 4(2): 335 364
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Document 374 Roco, Mihail C. and Montemagno, Carlo D., eds. THE COEVOLUTION OF HUMAN POTENTIAL AND CONVERGING TECHNOLOGIES New York: New York Academy of Sciences, 2004. 259 p. Call number: TP248.14 .C64 2004
* Document 375 Sententia, Wrye Neuroethical considerations: cognitive liberty and converging technologies for improving human cognition Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2004 May; 1013: 221228
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Document 376 Lynch, Zack Neurotechnology and society (20102060) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2004 May; 1013: 229233
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Document 377 Gibbs, W. Wayt Synthetic life Scientific American 2004 May; 290(5): 7481
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* Document 378 Tennant, Agnieszka Define 'better': an interview with bioethicist C. Ben Mitchell Christianity Today 2004 January; 48(1): 4244
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Document 379 National Academy of Engineering (United States) EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND ETHICAL ISSUES IN ENGINEERING: PAPERS FROM A WORKSHOP, OCTOBER 1415, 2003 Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2004. 155 p. Call number: TA157 .E45 2004 http://www.nap.edu (link may be outdated)
* Document 380 Macer, Darryl R.J., ed. CHALLENGES FOR BIOETHICS FROM ASIA: THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH ASIAN BIOETHICS CONFERENCE Christchurch, New Zealand/Ibaraki, Japan: Eubios Ethics Institute, 2004. 646 p. Call number: QH332 .C43 2004 * Document 381 Colson, Charles W. and Cameron, Nigel M. de S., eds. HUMAN DIGNITY IN THE BIOTECH CENTURY: A CHRISTIAN VISION FOR PUBLIC POLICY Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004. 252 p. Call number: TP248.6 .H85 2004
Document 382 Hook, C. Christopher Techno sapiens: nanotechnology, cybernetics, transhumanism and the remaking of humankind. In: Colson, Charles W.; Cameron, Nigel M. de S., eds. Human Dignity in the Biotech Century: a Christian Vision for Public Policy. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press; 2004: 7597. Call number: TP248.6 .H85 2004
Document 383 Hook, C. Christopher Nanotechnology. In: Post, Stephen G., ed. Encyclopedia of Bioethics. 3rd ed. New York: Macmillan Reference USA: Thomson/Gale; 2004: 18711875. Call number: QH332 .E52 2004 v.4
* Document 384 Mehta, Michael D. The future of nanomedicine looks promising, but only if we learn from the past Health Law Review 2004; 13(1): 1618
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* Document 385 Sheremeta, Lorraine; Daar, Abdallah S. The case for publicly funded research on the ethical, environmental, economic, legal and social issues raised by nanoscience and nanotechnology Health Law Review 2004; 12(3): 7477
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Document 386 Kerr, Ian; Bassie, Goldie Building a broader nanonetwork Health Law Review 2004; 12(3): 5762
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* Document 387 Sheremeta, Lorraine Nanotechnology and the ethical conduct of research involving human subjects Health Law Review 2004; 12(3): 4756
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* Document 388 Wolbring, Gregor Solutions follow perceptions: NBIC and the concept of health, medicine, disability and disease Health Law Review 2004; 12(3): 4146
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Document 389 MacDonald, Chris Nanotechnology, privacy and shifting social conventions Health Law Review 2004; 12(3): 3740
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Document 390 Mehta, Michael D. Some thoughts on the economic impacts of assemblerera nanotechnology Health Law Review 2004; 12(3): 3336
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Document 391 Schuler, Emmanuelle A prospective look at risk communication in the nanotechnology field Health Law Review 2004; 12(3): 2832
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* Document 392 Lopez, Jose Compiling the ethical, legal and social implications of nanotechnology Health Law Review 2004; 12(3): 2427
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Document 393 Tyshenko, Michael G. Considerations for using genetic material in medical nanotechnology Health Law Review 2004; 12(3): 1923
Georgetown users check Georgetown Journal Finder for access to full text Document 394 Wolkow, Robert A. The ruse and the reality of nanotechnology Health Law Review 2004; 12(3): 1418
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Document 395 WilliamsJones, Bryn A spoonful of trust helps the nanotech go down Health Law Review 2004; 12(3): 1013
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Document 396 Einsiedel, Edna F.; McMullen, Greg Stakeholders and technology: challenges for nanotechnology Health Law Review 2004; 12(3): 59
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Document 397 Bond, Phillip J. Preparing the path for biotechnology and nanotechnology: perspectives from the U.S. Department of Commerce Technology Administration [editorial] Journal of Biolaw and Business 2004; 7(2): 37
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Document 398 Giles, Jim What is there to fear from something so small? Nature 2003 December 1825; 426(6968): 750
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Document 399 Gannon, Frank Nanononsense [editorial] EMBO Reports 2003 November; 4(11): 1007
Georgetown users check Georgetown Journal Finder for access to full text Document 400 Congress considers ethical, social impact of nanotechnology research Issues in Science and Technology 2003 Fall; 20(1): 18
Georgetown users check Georgetown Journal Finder for access to full text http://www.nap.edu/issues/ (link may be outdated)
Document 401 Nanomedicine: grounds for optimism, and a call for papers [editorial] Lancet 2003 August 30; 362(9385): 673
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Document 402 Keiper, Adam The nanotechnology revolution New Atlantis 2003 Summer; (2): 1734
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* Document 403 Zhou, Wei Ethics of nanobiotechnology at the frontline Santa Clara Computer and High Technology Law Journal 2003 May; 19(2): 481489
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Document 404 Pethokoukis, James M. Devil in the details? The moleculesize machines long promised by nanotechnology now seem menacing to some U.S. News & World Report 2003 January 27 February 3; 134(3): 44
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Document 405 Nanotech is not so scary [editorial] Nature 2003 January 23; 421(6921): 299
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Document 406 Gordijn, Bert DIE MEDIZINISCHE UTOPIE: EINE KRITIK AUS ETHISCHER SICHT Nijmegen: [Bert Gordijn], 2003. 414 p.
Document 407 Haley, James, ed. DEATH AND DYING: OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press/San Diego: Thomson/Gale, 2003. 224 p. Call number: R726.8 .D376 2003
* Document 408 Mnyusiwalla, Anisa; Daar, Abdallah S.; Singer, Peter A. 'Mind the gap': science and ethics in nanotechnology Nanotechnology 2003; 14: R9R13
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* Document 409 Miller, John Beyond biotechnology:FDA regulation of nanomedicine Columbia Science and Technology Law Review 2003; 4: 135
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Document 410 Mulhall, Douglas OUR MOLECULAR FUTURE: HOW NANOTECHNOLOGY, ROBOTICS, GENETICS, AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WILL TRANSFORM OUR WORLD Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2002. 392 p. Call number: T174.7 .M85 2002
* Document 411 Moore, Fiona N. Implications of nanotechnology applications: using genetics as a lesson Health Law Review 2002; 10(3): 915
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Document 412 Miksanek, Tony Microscopic doctors and molecular black bags: science fiction's prescription for nanotechnology and medicine Literature and Medicine 2001 Spring; 20(1): 5570
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Document 413 Frederick, William C. Genes, nanobots, and the human future: hightech's quest for moral responsibility an allegory in one act Professional Ethics: A Multidisciplinary Journal 2000 Fall Winter; 8(34): 101122
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Document 414 Joy, Bill Why the Future Doesn't Need Us: Our most powerful 21st century technologies robotics, genetic engineering, and nanotech are threatening to make humans an endangered species Wired 2000 April; 8(4): 238263
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Document 415 Abbott, Alison Battle Lines Drawn Between 'Nanobacteria' Researchers [news] Nature 1999 September 9; 401(6749): 105
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Document 416 Drexler, K. Eric ENGINES OF CREATION New York: Anchor Books, 1990, 1986. 298 p. Call number: T47 .D74 1990
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