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Nanotechnology.Pdf EthxWeb Search Results Search Detail: Result=(NANO OR ("5.4"[CL])) NOT (NANO[AU]) 2=1 : " Documents: 1 ­ 325 of 416 Document 1 Eaton, Michael A W How do we develop nanopharmaceuticals under open innovation? Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine 2011 Aug; 7(4): 371­5 Abstract: It is incumbent on nanomedicine researchers to understand how to develop their ideas into commercial drugs; success to date has not been as good as funders would have liked. This article attempts to outline, perhaps for the first time, some of the expertise that the pharmaceutical sector has acquired to facilitate translation. It is hoped this explanation will start to improve the planning required at an early stage to develop nanopharmaceuticals and to encourage researchers and their institutions to devise a development plan. Georgetown users check Georgetown Journal Finder for access to full text Document 2 Lupton, Michael The social, moral & ethical issues raised by nanotechnology in the field of medicine. Medicine and law 2011 Jun; 30(2): 187­200 Abstract: The areas in medicine that are and will be influenced by nanoscale science and technology are stem cell research, genetic modification of human beings and the construction of artificial organisms. A non­negotiable moral imperative is the fact that the law is under an obligation to uphold the sanctity and integrity of the human genome which encapsulates humankind's basic genetic inheritance and thereby the human heritage of our species. The research possibilities opened up by nanoscience will push the current boundaries of life forms, because they alter life forms at their most basic (viz genetic) level. They empower scientists to create novel life forms that would not otherwise exist and they combine aspects of different life forms that would not otherwise be integrated. These groundbreaking areas of research place the scientists and their work in an area of moral quicksands. Research involving human design and modification places those scientists in a domain where current morality indicates they do not belong. They are literally 'playing God'. Georgetown users check Georgetown Journal Finder for access to full text Document 3 Silva Costa, Helena; Sethe, Sebastian; Pêgo, Ana P; Olsson, I Anna S Scientists' perception of ethical issues in nanomedicine: a case study. Nanomedicine (London, England) 2011 Jun; 6(4): 681­91 Abstract: Research and development in nanomedicine has been accompanied by the consideration of ethical issues; however, little is known about how researchers working in this area perceive such issues. This case­study explores scientists' attitude towards and knowledge of ethical issues. Georgetown users check Georgetown Journal Finder for access to full text Document 4 Visciano, Silvia Nanotechnologies, bioethics and human dignity. Journal international de bioéthique = International journal of bioethics 2011 Mar­Jun; 22(1): 17­36, 206 Abstract: Nanoscale science, research, and technology present a complex set of circumstances. First of all, this field involves many different subjects, including biology, chemistry, physics, and environment sciences. Secondly, although scientists are working increasingly at a molecular level, nanotechnology is about much more than a reduction of scale. Indeed, nanoscience and nanotechnologies offer an unprecedented ability to control and manipulate nature, offering hope for progress. Ethical perspectives vary considerably in this field, but commentators and researchers share a concern about a specific worrisome issue: the lack of appropriate ethical and legal principles and processes (associated with issues including health risks, human body manipulation, and private life violation), to guide nanotechnological R&D, commercialization, and final use. Some authors partially reject this concern by suggesting that nanoscience and nanotechnologies do not constitute an autonomous category, and that they are instead just the operative result of combining other traditional areas of study. However the nanotechnological debate brings up the semantic and content issues of bioethics and foments a contentious discussion emphasizing human dignity. Issues include enhancement versus therapeutic intervention, traceability versus privacy, and societal benefits versus risks. From these preliminary considerations, we will move on to discuss (I) the traditional, although still controversial, relationship between bioethics and human dignity, and (II) return to the subject of nanotechnology. We will discuss how today in Europe, although still indefinite, the principle of respect for human dignity is a welcomed contributor to "ethical vigilance" about the uncertain development of new nano­scale technologies. We will also note how U.S. strategy in this regard is simply lacking and appears only as a purely discursive "key issue in long term ". Georgetown users check Georgetown Journal Finder for access to full text Document 5 Schummer, Joachim Cultural diversity in nanotechnology ethics. Journal international de bioéthique = International journal of bioethics 2011 Mar­Jun; 22(1): 37­55, 207 Abstract: Along with the rapid worldwide advance of nanotechnology, debates on associated ethical issues have spread from local to international levels. However unlike science and engineering issues, international perceptions of ethical issues are very diverse. This paper provides an analysis of how sociocultural factors such as language, cultural heritage, economics and politics can affect how people perceive ethical issues of nanotechnology. By attempting to clarify the significance of sociocultural issues in ethical considerations my aim is to support the ongoing international dialogue on nanotechnology. At the same time I pose the general question of ethical relativism in engineering ethics, that is to say whether or not different ethical views are irreconcilable on a fundamental level. Georgetown users check Georgetown Journal Finder for access to full text Document 6 Kato, Yutaka The nanotech R&D situation in Japan and ethics of nanotechnology. Journal international de bioéthique = International journal of bioethics 2011 Mar­Jun; 22(1): 57­69, 208 Abstract: The aim of this paper is to introduce some characteristics of the historical as well as current situation of nanotech research and development in Japan in particular including regulations, and to discuss how ethical issues of nanotechnology should be addressed or how the ethics of nanotechnology should be constructed to fit the situation. The first part will center around the strength and weakness of Japan's nanotech R&D (research and development) and new circumstances which nanotechnology has prompted in Japan and alongside which nanotechnology has arrived (especially interdisciplinarity). The following prescriptive argument will, based on the descriptive account, question how to address ethical issues of nanotechnology, taking into consideration the nature of nanotech R&D, namely continuity, uniqueness, international dimension and political intervention, citing the example of the pharmaceutical industry. I will argue that international cooperation in the form of mutual reference to, replication of and the integration of guidelines and regulations, can enhance cost­effectiveness to ensure the comprehensiveness of regulatory measures. Georgetown users check Georgetown Journal Finder for access to full text Document 7 Maestrutti, Marina Cyborg identities and contemporary techno­utopias: adaptations and transformations of the body in the age of nanotechnology. Journal international de bioéthique = International journal of bioethics 2011 Mar­Jun; 22(1): 71­88, 209­10 Abstract: The possibility of improving the human body through a closer relationship with technology in order to overcome the human species toward new stages of evolution is a constant element of techno­utopian visions, among other transhumanism. This projection to a radical transformation of the body ­ and mind ­ as a result of technological action is based on the concepts of adaptation, or non adaptation, of a human being to a world constantly changed by technoscience. The belief is that not only the body has to change, but that identity is not a stable concept. This mobility in the relationship between body and identity is typical of the post human thought, which inherits from the informational model the conviction that the biological embodiment of human is to be regarded as an accident of history rather than as an essential condition of life. Hybridization is therefore valued by the post human thought as a condition which has "made" the human as he is today, and it appears as a fundamental topic in any discourse on nanotechnology, biotechnology and development of human­machine interfaces. Georgetown users check Georgetown Journal Finder for access to full text Document 8 Mushiaki, Shigeru Neuroscience and nanotechnologies in Japan­­beyond the hope and hype of converging technologies. Journal international de bioéthique = International journal of bioethics 2011 Mar­Jun; 22(1): 91­7, 210­1 Abstract: Nanotechnologies are often said to be "converging" with other technologies like biotechnology, information technology, and cognitive science. And so­called "NBIC convergence" is thought to enable "enhancement" of human performance. First, I classify various kinds of enhancement. Second, I focus on the "cybernetic enhancement," to which nanotechnologies are supposed to contribute, and analyze the connection and integration of humans with machines, which could
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