Transmitter and Receiver Architectures for Molecular
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Secrecy Capacity and Secure Distance for Diffusion-Based Molecular Communication Systems
SPECIAL SECTION ON WIRELESS BODY AREA NETWORKS Received May 21, 2019, accepted July 25, 2019, date of publication August 1, 2019, date of current version August 22, 2019. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2932567 Secrecy Capacity and Secure Distance for Diffusion-Based Molecular Communication Systems LORENZO MUCCHI 1, (Senior Member, IEEE), ALESSIO MARTINELLI 1, SARA JAYOUSI1, STEFANO CAPUTO1, AND MASSIMILIANO PIEROBON2, (Member, IEEE) 1Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy 2Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA Corresponding author: Lorenzo Mucchi (lorenzo.mucchi@unifi.it) This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant CISE CCF-1816969. ABSTRACT The biocompatibility and nanoscale features of Molecular Communication (MC) make this paradigm, based on molecules and chemical reactions, an enabler for communication theory applications in the healthcare at its biological level (e.g., bimolecular disease detection/monitoring and intelligent drug delivery). However, the adoption of MC-based innovative solutions into privacy and security-sensitive areas is opening new challenges for this research field. Despite fundamentals of information theory applied to MC have been established in the last decade, research work on security in MC systems is still limited. In contrast to previous literature focused on challenges, and potential roadmaps to secure MC, this paper presents the preliminary elements of a systematic approach to quantifying information security as it propagates through an MC link. In particular, a closed-form mathematical expression for the secrecy capacity of an MC system based on free molecule diffusion is provided. Numerical results highlight the dependence of the secrecy capacity on the average thermodynamic transmit power, the eavesdropper's distance, the transmitted signal bandwidth, and the receiver radius. -
Survey on Terahertz Nanocommunication and Networking
1 Survey on Terahertz Nanocommunication and Networking: A Top-Down Perspective Filip Lemic∗, Sergi Abadaly, Wouter Tavernierz, Pieter Stroobantz, Didier Collez, Eduard Alarcon´ y, Johann Marquez-Barja∗, Jeroen Famaey∗ ∗Internet Technology and Data Science Lab (IDLab), Universiteit Antwerpen - imec, Belgium yNaNoNetworking Center in Catalunya (N3Cat), Universitat Politecnica` de Catalunya, Spain zInternet Technology and Data Science Lab (IDLab), Ghent University - imec, Belgium Email: fi[email protected] Abstract—Recent developments in nanotechnology herald Communication and coordination among the nanodevices, nanometer-sized devices expected to bring light to a number of as well as between them and the macro-scale world, will groundbreaking applications. Communication with and among be required to achieve the full promise of such applications. nanodevices will be needed for unlocking the full potential of such applications. As the traditional communication approaches Thus, several alternative nanocommunication paradigms have cannot be directly applied in nanocommunication, several alter- emerged in the recent years, the most promising ones being native paradigms have emerged. Among them, electromagnetic electromagnetic, acoustic, mechanical, and molecular commu- nanocommunication in the terahertz (THz) frequency band is nication [2]. particularly promising, mainly due to the breakthrough of novel In molecular nanocommunication, a transmitting device materials such as graphene. For this reason, numerous research efforts are nowadays targeting THz band nanocommunication releases molecules into a propagation medium, with the and consequently nanonetworking. As it is expected that these molecules being used as the information carriers [3]. Acoustic trends will continue in the future, we see it beneficial to nanocommunication utilizes pressure variations in the (fluid summarize the current status in these research domains. -
Equilibrium Signaling: Molecular Communication Robust to Geometry Uncertainties Bayram Cevdet Akdeniz, Malcolm Egan, Bao Tang
Equilibrium Signaling: Molecular Communication Robust to Geometry Uncertainties Bayram Cevdet Akdeniz, Malcolm Egan, Bao Tang To cite this version: Bayram Cevdet Akdeniz, Malcolm Egan, Bao Tang. Equilibrium Signaling: Molecular Communication Robust to Geometry Uncertainties. 2020. hal-02536318v2 HAL Id: hal-02536318 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02536318v2 Preprint submitted on 5 Aug 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 Equilibrium Signaling: Molecular Communication Robust to Geometry Uncertainties Bayram Cevdet Akdeniz, Malcolm Egan and Bao Quoc Tang Abstract A basic property of any diffusion-based molecular communication system is the geometry of the enclosing container. In particular, the geometry influences the system’s behavior near the boundary and in all existing modulation schemes governs receiver design. However, it is not always straightforward to characterize the geometry of the system. This is particularly the case when the molecular communication system operates in scenarios where the geometry may be complex or dynamic. In this paper, we propose a new scheme—called equilibrium signaling—which is robust to uncertainties in the geometry of the fluid boundary. In particular, receiver design only depends on the relative volumes of the transmitter or receiver, and the entire container. -
Toward a Wired Ad Hoc Nanonetwork
Toward a Wired Ad Hoc Nanonetwork Oussama Abderrahmane Dambri and Soumaya Cherkaoui INTERLAB, Engineering Faculty, Universite´ de Sherbrooke, Canada Email: fabderrahmane.oussama.dambri, [email protected] Abstract—Nanomachines promise to enable new medical appli- safety to use terahertz frequencies inside the human body for cations, including drug delivery and real time chemical reactions’ medical applications is another problem of electromagnetic detection inside the human body. Such complex tasks need coop- communication at nanoscale, which needs further research. eration between nanomachines using a communication network. Wireless Ad hoc networks, using molecular or electromagnetic- Molecular communication is a bioinspired paradigm that uses based communication have been proposed in the literature to cre- molecules as information carriers instead of electromagnetic ate flexible nanonetworks between nanomachines. In this paper, waves. Molecular communication is used by nature and can we propose a Wired Ad hoc NanoNETwork (WANNET) model be leveraged safely inside the human body. In [4], the authors design using actin-based nano-communication. In the proposed proposed a mobile ad hoc nanonetwork with collision-based model, actin filaments self-assembly and disassembly is used to create flexible nanowires between nanomachines, and electrons molecular communication. This Mobile Ad hoc Molecular are used as carriers of information. We give a general overview of NETwork (MAMNET) employs infectious disease spreading the application layer, Medium Access Control (MAC) layer and a principles using the electrochemical collision between mobile physical layer of the model. We also detail the analytical model nanomachines to transfer information. Another MAMNET of the physical layer using actin nanowire equivalent circuits, system is proposed in [5], by using Forster¨ Resonance Energy and we present an estimation of the circuit component’s values. -
Innovation Insights 12
INNOVATIONINNOVATION insights insights THE LATEST INNOVATIONS, COLLABORATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ISSUE 12 JUNE 2019 FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD MENTORING OXFORD ENTREPRENEURS Oxford University and Vodafone, helping the bright sparks of Oxford. Enhanced nanoscale Zika viral communication vector vaccine Protection against blast-induced Electrodynamic traumatic brain injury Micro-Manipulator SUBSCRIBE | CONTENTS INNOVATION insights CONTENTS INVENTION Sickle cell screening during pregnancy: A high- Body motion monitoring in MRI and CT imaging: A Electrodynamic micro-manipulator: A technique to throughput non-invasive prenatal testing technique for graphene-based piezoelectric sensor that is compatible manipulate, align and displace non-spherical objects and the diagnosis of sickle-cell disease in the foetus with both MRI and CT imaging 2D nanomaterials while preserving their structural and chemical integrity Biosensors for bacterial detection: Methods for Early gestational diabetes diagnostic: A test using performing remote contamination detection using biomarkers from the placenta to give an early indication of Logical control of CRISPR gene editing system: A fluorescence mothers who are at risk of gestational diabetes control system that allows spatio-temporal activation of CRISPR, based on an engineered RNA guide strand New treatment in chronic lymphocytic Accurate camera relocalisation: An algorithm for estimating leukaemia: A specific use of the drug forodesine to the pose of a 6-degree camera using a single RGB-D frame A novel -
Publications Contents Digest May/2018
IEEE Communications Society Publications Contents Digest May/2018 Direct links to magazine and journal abstracts and full paper pdfs via IEEE Xplore ComSoc Vice President – Publications – Nelson Fonseca Director – Journals – Khaled B. Letaief Director – Magazines – Raouf Boutaba Magazine Editors EIC, IEEE Communications Magazine – Tarek El-Bawab AEIC, IEEE Communications Magazine – Antonio Sanchez-Esquavillas | Ravi Subrahmanyan EIC, IEEE Network Magazine – Mohsen Guizani AEIC, IEEE Network Magazine – David Soldani EIC, IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine – Hamid Gharavi AEIC, IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine – Yi Qian EIC, IEEE Communications Standards Magazine – Glenn Parsons AEIC, IEEE Communications Standards Magazine – Zander Lei EIC, China Communications – Chen Junliang Journal Editors EIC, IEEE Transactions on Communications – Naofal Al-Dhahir EIC, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas In Communications (J-SAC) – Raouf Boutaba EIC, IEEE Communications Letters – O. A. Dobre Editor, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials – Ying-Dar Lin EIC, IEEE Transactions on Network & Service Management (TNSM) – Filip De Turck EIC, IEEE Wireless Communications Letters – Wei Zhang EIC, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications – Martin Haenggi EIC, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Communications – Marwan Krunz EIC, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking – Eytan Modiano EIC, IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications & Networking (JOCN) – Jane M. Simmons EIC, IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology – Peter J. Winzer Co-EICs, IEEE/KICS Journal of Communications -
2 Scalability of the Channel Capacity of Electromagnetic Nano- Networks 10 2.1 Introduction
Exploring the Scalability Limits of Communication Networks at the Nanoscale Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Computer Architecture, Networks and Systems by Ignacio Llatser Mart´ı Advisors: Dr. Eduard Alarc´onCot Dr. Albert Cabellos-Aparicio 2011 Nanonetworking Center in Catalunya (N3Cat) Universitat Polit`ecnicade Catalunya Abstract Nanonetworks, the interconnection of nanomachines, will greatly expand the range of applications of nanotechnology, bringing new opportunities in di- verse fields. Following preliminary studies, two paradigms that promise the re- alization of nanonetworks have emerged: molecular communication and nano- electromagnetic communication. In this thesis, we study the scalability of communication networks when their size shrinks to the nanoscale. In particular, we aim to analyze how the performance metrics of nanonetworks, such as the channel attenuation or the propagation delay, scale as the size of the network is reduced. In the case of nano-electromagnetic communication, we focus on the scal- ability of the channel capacity. Our quantitative results show that due to quantum effects appearing at the nanoscale, the transmission range of nanoma- chines is higher than expected. Based on these results, we derive guidelines regarding how network parameters, such as the transmitted power, need to scale in order to keep the network feasible. In molecular communication, we concentrate in a scenario of short-range molecular signaling governed by Fick's laws of diffusion. We characterize its physical channel and we derive analytical expressions for some key perfor- mance metrics from the communication standpoint, which are validated by means of simulation. We also show the differences in the scalability of the obtained metrics with respect to their equivalent in wireless electromagnetic communication. -
Nanotechnology in Communication Engineering: Issues, Applications, and Future Possibilities
Available online at www.worldscientificnews.com WSN 66 (2017) 134-148 EISSN 2392-2192 Nanotechnology in Communication Engineering: Issues, Applications, and Future Possibilities Elmustafa S. Ali Ahmed1,*, Harwinder Singh Sohal2,** 1Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Red Sea University, Sudan 2Lala Lajpat Rai College of Engineering & Technology, Moga, India *,**E-mail address: [email protected] , [email protected] ABSTRACT Nanotechnology nowadays became the most amazing studies developed and an active research areas in many fields including civil, chemical engineering, electronics, and medicine, also in materials. In modern sciences, nanotechnology is considered as the next industrial revolution which it may give more possibilities exceed our expectations in many fields. In telecommunication engineering nanotechnology could provide effective solutions for power efficient computing, sensing, memory enlargement, and human machine interaction. Nanotechnology in communication systems also provides ability for manufacturers to produce computer chips and sensors that are considerably smaller, faster, more energy efficient, and cheaper to manufacture than their present-day modules. In this paper an overview of many issues related to nanotechnology in communication systems are discussed, and also paper will provides a brief ideas of the potential application of various nanotechnology developments in the communication systems and the potential for future possibilities researches that may lead to improved communication systems. Keywords: Nanotechnology, Molecular Nano Technology (MNT), Molecular communication, Nano machines, Nano-communications World Scientific News 66 (2017) 134-148 1. INTRODUCTION Next generations of telecommunication systems expected to be built in nanotechnology modules, especially in electronics fields and interactive processes. For mobile communication systems the application of Nano science is used to make the control process to a Nano meter scale which will be in Nano scale range. -
Fundamentals of Bacteria-Based Molecular Communication for Internet of Bio-Nanothings
FUNDAMENTALS OF BACTERIA-BASED MOLECULAR COMMUNICATION FOR INTERNET OF BIO-NANOTHINGS A Dissertation Presented to The Academic Faculty By Bige Deniz Unluturk In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology August 2020 Copyright c Bige Deniz Unluturk 2020 FUNDAMENTALS OF BACTERIA-BASED MOLECULAR COMMUNICATION FOR INTERNET OF BIO-NANOTHINGS Approved by: Dr. Ian F Akyildiz, Advisor School of Electrical and Computer Dr. Chuanyi Ji Engineering School of Electrical and Computer Georgia Institute of Technology Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. A Fatih Sarioglu School of Electrical and Computer Dr. Massimiliano Pierobon Engineering Department of Computer Science Georgia Institute of Technology and Engineering University of Nebraska-Lincoln Dr. Raghupathy Sivakumar School of Electrical and Computer Date Approved: June 18, 2020 Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology I dedicate this thesis, To the loving memory of my father Ali Turgut Unluturk, who planted seeds of curiosity in my mind, and love of science in my soul. To my mother Hatice Unluturk, to my aunt Ayse Savus, to my husband Bircan Bugdayci, for their endless love, support and encouragement. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my heartiest thanks to Prof. Ian F. Akyildiz, who has been not only my Ph.D. advisor, but also a mentor and a second father for me. He has been there for me during the most difficult times of my life with his invaluable help and endless tolerance, as well as during the most joyful times of my life with his genuine support and encouragement. -
Modeling and Simulation of Molecular Communication Systems with A
1 Modeling and Simulation of Molecular Communication Systems with a Reversible Adsorption Receiver Yansha Deng, Member, IEEE, Adam Noel, Member, IEEE, Maged Elkashlan, Member, IEEE, Arumugam Nallanathan, Senior Member, IEEE, and Karen C. Cheung. Abstract—In this paper, we present an analytical model for the where devices with functional components on the scale of 1– diffusive molecular communication (MC) system with a reversible 100 nanometers (i.e., nanomachines) share information over adsorption receiver in a fluid environment. The widely used con- distance via chemical signals in nanometer to micrometer scale centration shift keying (CSK) is considered for modulation. The time-varying spatial distribution of the information molecules environments. These small scale bio-nanomachines are capable under the reversible adsorption and desorption reaction at the of encoding information onto physical molecules, sensing, and surface of a receiver is analytically characterized. Based on decoding the received information molecules, which could the spatial distribution, we derive the net number of adsorbed enable applications in drug delivery, pollution control, health, information molecules expected in any time duration. We further and environmental monitoring [4]. derive the net number of adsorbed molecules expected at the steady state to demonstrate the equilibrium concentration. Given Based on the propagation channel, molecular communi- the net number of adsorbed information molecules, the bit cation (MC) can be classified into one of three categories: error probability of the proposed MC system is analytically 1) Walkway-based MC, where molecules move directionally approximated. Importantly, we present a simulation framework along molecular rails using carrier substances, such as molec- for the proposed model that accounts for the diffusion and ular motors [5]; 2) Flow-based paradigm, where molecules reversible reaction. -
The Internet of Nano Things (Iont) Existing State and Future Prospects Nikhat Akhtar, Yusuf Perwej
The internet of nano things (IoNT) existing state and future Prospects Nikhat Akhtar, Yusuf Perwej To cite this version: Nikhat Akhtar, Yusuf Perwej. The internet of nano things (IoNT) existing state and future Prospects. GSC Advanced Research and Reviews , 2020, 5 (2), pp.131 - 150. 10.30574/gscarr.2020.5.2.0110. hal-03226642 HAL Id: hal-03226642 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03226642 Submitted on 15 May 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 2020, 05(02), 131–150 Available online at GSC Online Press Directory GSC Advanced Research and Reviews e-ISSN: 2582-4597, CODEN (USA): GARRC2 Journal homepage: https://www.gsconlinepress.com/journals/gscarr (RESEARCH ARTICLE) The internet of nano things (IoNT) existing state and future Prospects Nikhat Akhtar 1, * and Yusuf Perwej 2 1 Research Scholar (Ph.D), Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, India. 2Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, India. Publication history: Received on 16 November 2020; revised on 25 November 2020; accepted on 28 November 2020 Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2020.5.2.0110 Abstract The increase of intelligent environments suggests the interconnectivity of applications and the use of the Internet. -
On the Specificity of Protein-Protein Interactions in the Context of Disorder
On the specificity of protein-protein interactions in the context of disorder Teilum, Kaare; Olsen, Johan G.; Kragelund, Birthe B. Published in: Biochemical Journal DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20200828 Publication date: 2021 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY-NC-ND Citation for published version (APA): Teilum, K., Olsen, J. G., & Kragelund, B. B. (2021). On the specificity of protein-protein interactions in the context of disorder. Biochemical Journal, 478(11), 2035-2050. https://doi.org/10.1042/BCJ20200828 Download date: 29. sep.. 2021 Biochemical Journal (2021) 478 2035–2050 https://doi.org/10.1042/BCJ20200828 Review Article On the specificity of protein–protein interactions in the context of disorder Kaare Teilum1,2, Johan G. Olsen1,2,3 and Birthe B. Kragelund1,2,3 1The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; 2Structural Biology and NMR Downloaded from http://portlandpress.com/biochemj/article-pdf/478/11/2035/914573/bcj-2020-0828c.pdf by Copenhagen University user on 24 June 2021 Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; 3REPIN, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark Correspondence: Birthe B. Kragelund ([email protected]) With the increased focus on intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and their large interac- tomes, the question about their specificity — or more so on their multispecificity — arise. Here we recapitulate how specificity and multispecificity are quantified and address through examples if IDPs in this respect differ from globular proteins. The conclusion is that quantitatively, globular proteins and IDPs are similar when it comes to specificity.