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395349771.Pdf FATİH SULTAN MEHMET VAKIF ÜNİVERSİTESİ LİSANSÜSTÜ EĞİTİM ENSTİTÜSÜ TÜRK EVİNİN GELENEKSEL JAPON EVİ İLE YAPISAL AÇIDAN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Sena GÜNGÖR Anabilim Dalı: Mimarlık MAYIS 2019 FATİH SULTAN MEHMET VAKIF ÜNİVERSİTESİ LİSANSÜSTÜ EĞİTİM ENSTİTÜSÜ TÜRK EVİNİN GELENEKSEL JAPON EVİ İLE YAPISAL AÇIDAN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Sena GÜNGÖR (170201003) Anabilim Dalı: Mimarlık Tez Danışmanı: Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Uğur ÖZCAN Teslim Tarihi: 10 Mayıs 2019 ÖNSÖZ “Türk Evinin Geleneksel Japon Evi ile Yapısal Açıdan Karşılaştırılması” başlıklı tez çalışmamın hazırlanma sürecinde değerli bilgi ve birikim ve tecrübelerini paylaşan tez danışmanım Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Uğur Özcan’a teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Hayatımın her anında yanımda olan, bugünlere ulaşmamı sağlayan ve benden desteklerini hiçbir zaman esirgemeyen çok değerli anneme ve babama, kıymetli emekleri ve sonsuz anlayışları için gönülden bir teşekkürü ve minneti borç bilirim. Mayıs 2019 Sena GÜNGÖR Mimar i ii İÇİNDEKİLER ÖNSÖZ .................................................................................................................... i İÇİNDEKİLER ..................................................................................................... iii KISALTMALAR ................................................................................................. vii ŞEKİL LİSTESİ.................................................................................................... ix RESİM LİSTESİ ................................................................................................... xi ÖZET.....................................................................................................................xv SUMMARY ........................................................................................................ xvii 1. GİRİŞ .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Amaç ......................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Kapsam ve Yöntem .................................................................................... 2 1.3. Literatür Araştırması .................................................................................. 3 2. EVİN TARİHÇESİ ......................................................................................... 5 2.1. Ev Kavramı ............................................................................................... 5 2.2. Evin Tarihsel Gelişimi ............................................................................... 6 2.3. Ev Tasarımını Etkileyen Faktörler.............................................................12 2.4. Bölümün Değerlendirmesi ........................................................................15 3. TÜRK EVİ .....................................................................................................17 3.1. Türk Evi Kavramı .....................................................................................17 3.2. Türk Evi’nin Oluşumunu Etkileyen Faktörler............................................20 3.2.1. Sosyal yaşam .....................................................................................22 3.2.2. İklim ve coğrafya ...............................................................................23 3.2.3. Yapım tekniği ve malzeme.................................................................25 3.2.4. Ekonomi ............................................................................................26 3.2.5. Din ve felsefe.....................................................................................27 3.3. Türk Evi Plan Tipleri ve Özellikleri ..........................................................29 3.3.1. Sofasız plan tipi .................................................................................29 3.3.2. Dış sofalı plan tipi..............................................................................30 3.3.3. İç sofalı plan tipi ................................................................................31 3.3.4. Orta sofalı plan tipi ............................................................................32 iii 3.4. Türk Evi’nin Mekansal Özellikleri ve Mekan Kurgusu ............................. 34 3.4.1. Katlar ................................................................................................ 34 3.4.2. Oda ................................................................................................... 35 3.4.3. Sofa ................................................................................................... 41 3.4.4. Mobilyalar ......................................................................................... 42 3.5. Türk Evi’nin Yapısal Elemanları .............................................................. 49 3.5.1. Kapı ve pencereler ............................................................................. 49 3.5.2. Merdiven ve geçitler .......................................................................... 55 3.5.3. Tavanlar, duvarlar ve döşemeler ........................................................ 56 3.5.4. Çıkmalar ........................................................................................... 59 3.5.5. Çatı ve saçaklar ................................................................................. 61 3.6. Bölümün Değerlendirmesi ........................................................................ 62 4. GELENEKSEL JAPON EVİ ........................................................................ 65 4.1. Geleneksel Japon Evi’nin Tarihsel Gelişimi ............................................. 65 4.2. Geleneksel Japon Evi’nin Oluşumunu Etkileyen Faktörler ........................ 70 4.2.1. Sosyal yaşam ..................................................................................... 72 4.2.2. İklim ve coğrafya .............................................................................. 73 4.2.3. Yapım tekniği ve malzeme ................................................................ 74 4.2.4. Ekonomi ............................................................................................ 76 4.2.5. Din ve felsefe .................................................................................... 77 4.3. Geleneksel Japon Evi Tipleri ve Özellikleri .............................................. 81 4.3.1. Minka ................................................................................................ 81 4.3.2. Machiya ............................................................................................ 85 4.4. Geleneksel Japon Evi’nin Mekansal Özellikleri ve Mekan Kurgusu ......... 87 4.4.1. Katlar ................................................................................................ 87 4.4.2. Mekanlar ........................................................................................... 88 4.4.3. Chashitsu........................................................................................... 93 4.4.4. Mobilyalar ......................................................................................... 96 4.5. Geleneksel Japon Evi’nin Yapısal Elemanları ......................................... 100 4.5.1. Kapı ve pencereler ........................................................................... 100 4.5.2. Merdivenler ..................................................................................... 107 4.5.3. Tavanlar, duvarlar ve döşemeler ...................................................... 108 4.5.4. Çatı ve saçaklar ............................................................................... 112 4.6. Bölümün Değerlendirmesi ...................................................................... 114 iv 5. TÜRK EVİNİN GELENEKSEL JAPON EVİ İLE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI ………………………………………………………………………………...117 5.1. Genel Özellikleri ve Plan Tipleri Açısından Karşılaştırılması .................. 117 5.2. Mekansal Özellikleri Açısından Karşılaştırılması .................................... 121 5.2.1. Mekanların biçimlenişinin karşılaştırılması ...................................... 121 5.2.2. İç mekan kurgusunda kullanılan donatı elemanlarının karşılaştırılması ……………………………………………………………………….125 5.3. Yapısal Elemanları Açısından Karşılaştırılması ....................................... 128 5.3.1. Yapıda ana bileşenlerin karşılaştırılması .......................................... 128 5.3.2. Yapıda yardımcı bileşenlerin karşılaştırılması .................................. 131 5.4. Bölümün Değerlendirmesi ...................................................................... 134 6. SONUÇ ......................................................................................................... 137 KAYNAKLAR .................................................................................................... 143 İNTERNET KAYNAKLARI ............................................................................. 149 ÖZGEÇMİŞ ........................................................................................................ 153 v vi KISALTMALAR m :Metre cm :Santimetre yy :Yüzyıl vb. :Ve benzeri M.Ö. :Milattan önce M.S. :Milattan sonra vii viii ŞEKİL LİSTESİ Şekil 2.1 Mağarada yaşam ....................................................................................... 6 Şekil 2.2 Terra Amata, Fransa .................................................................................. 7 Şekil 2.3 Çayönü yerleşmesindeki yuvarlak barınaklar ............................................ 8 Şekil
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