Department Newsletter Volume 11 Fall 2018 Table of Contents

EAST ASIAN LANGUAGES & CULTURAL STUDIES

Words from the Chair...... p 3 Mission Statement Chinese Language Program...... p 4 The Department of East Asian Languages and Cultural Studies is Japanese Language Program...... p 5 committed to providing students with the opportunity to understand the many East Asia Center...... p 6 facets of East Asian cultures, including languages, literature, history, society, Remembering Hyung Il Pai...... p 8 politics, economics, religion, media, and art. In a world of increasing international Interview with Eunjin Choi...... p 13 connection and globalization, we prepare students to incorporate Confucius Institute...... p 14 knowledge of Asia into their future interactions and responsibilities within “Reinventing Japan” Research Focus Group...... p 15 our complex world. Sōseki: Modern Japan’s Greatest Novelist, by John Nathan...... p 16

Faculty Activities...... p 17

The Politics of Rights and the 1911 Revolution in China, by Xiaowei Zheng...... p 20

Shinto Studies...... p 22

Interview with Fabio Rambelli...... p 23

Interview with Xueyi Wang...... p 25

Our Staff Conference Report: Patterns and Networks in Classical Chinese Literature...... p 26 Director Cori Montgomery (805) 893-2993 Interview with Wona Lee...... p 27

Financial Services Amanda Maffett Center for Taiwan Studies...... p 28 Manager (805) 893-4623 Interview with Jessica Nakamura...... p 29 Student Services Jill Title Manager (805) 893-3316 Interview with Cori Montgomery...... p 30 Financial Collin Holtz Coordinator (805) 893-5463 Become a Friend of EALCS...... p 36 Academic Natalie Juarez Personnel (805) 893-3731 Coordinator Undergrad & Alyson Alexander Graduate Student (805) 893-2744 Advisor Tech Support Tony Chabolla Specialist (805) 893-2731

2 Department of East Asian Languages and Cultural Studies Words from the Chair I must begin this year’s newsletter with the very sad news that related to ascetic mountain re- EALCS has lost a cherished faculty member, Hyung Il Pai, who ligious practices. We are ever passed away in June. Pai, a renowned scholar of Korean an- grateful for their impact and thropology, archeology, and more recently of heritage and wonderful presence in the de- tourism studies, was a member of our department since 1990. partment over these two years. Not only an excellent scholar with many awards and recogni- tions, Pai was a spirited and courageous human being who will Goodbye also to Haotian Li, be greatly missed by her students and colleagues. A memorial who spent the past few years was held in November. Her full obituary is included on page 8. in EALCS teaching Chinese under the support of the Con- As our sole Korean Studies faculty member, Pai advocated fucius Institute. Li received the steadfastly to bring Korean Studies into a more prominent highest praise for his teach- position within the department. Her last major effort in this ing from both students and direction was co-organizing with Sabine Frühstück a confer- Chinese language program ence in the spring of 2018 titled “New Directions in Korean colleagues. He has returned Studies,” which brought several prominent scholars to cam- to his home institution, Shan- Katherine Saltzman-Li pus for a day of stimulating talks and discussion. I also or- dong University (partner uni- ganized a Graduate Student Research Symposium in Korean versity for our Confucius Institute), and a new highly expe- Studies, highlighting the excellent Korea-related research of rienced teacher, Chen Meng, takes his place beginning in five graduate students at UCSB. In addition, I am very happy Fall 2018. Our Chinese language program has been great- to report that we were able to offer first-year Korean language ly enhanced by the contributions of these fine teachers. in 2017-2018 and again in the summer of 2018, under the excellent instruction of Wona Lee, who has just received her Our majors, minors, and graduate students continue to Ph.D. in bilingual education from UCSB’s Gevirtz Graduate thrive, as you can see from the program and center reports School of Education. The Korea-related research of several and interviews in the pages that follow. We try to give our of our graduate students and the persistent wish of many un- majors and minors opportunities to explore their career op- dergraduates led to this very welcome reintroduction into our tions and the ways they might use their studies after gradu- curriculum. Over 2018-2019, we are adding instruction in sec- ation. A highlight in this effort this year was a discussion ond-year Korean. This fall, we also welcome Eunjin Choi, who and Q&A that I moderated on campus with visiting artist comes to EALCS thanks to the support of the Korea Founda- Abigail Washburn, a renowned banjo player and singer, for tion through the East Asia Center’s successful award applica- a UCSB Arts & Lectures concert. Aside from her solo and tion. She will teach courses in Korean film and media studies. group concerts with other American musicians, Washburn We are very excited to be able to build Korean Studies into collaborates with Chinese musicians creatively and in sup- our curriculum and research in EALCS, realizing a long wished- port of building positive US-China relations (see her TED for and necessary addition to our department’s mission. talk for more on this subject). Washburn generously shared her thoughts on music, her work with Chinese musicians, We welcomed two new colleagues into the department this her efforts as an artist on behalf of US-China relations, her year. Chinese art historian Peter Sturman is now a joint ap- unusual career as a professional American musician with a pointment with EALCS and his long-time department, His- background in Chinese-language study, and her thoughts on tory of Art and Architecture. Sturman specializes in Chinese the necessity for passion as a foundation for career choices. painting, more recently with a strong focus on calligraphy. His expertise will benefit our students in literature and- cul For the benefit of our graduate students, we hosted two dis- tural studies as well as his art history students, and we are tinguished scholars under the auspices of a new program, excited that he will have a more active presence in the de- now in its second year. This program brings visiting scholars partment. Our second new colleague, Tom Mazanec, whom to EALCS each year, one in Chinese Studies and one in Jap- I introduced in last year’s newsletter, hit the ground running anese Studies, to conduct a workshop and/or seminar and at UCSB by organizing and hosting a major conference, “Pat- to deliver a public lecture. Joachim Kurtz of the University of terns and Networks in Classical Chinese Literature: Notes Heidelberg was invited as The Pai Hsien-Yung Visiting Schol- from the Digital Frontier.” The conference brought together ar. He works on Confucian revivalism in China and its national scholars of classical Chinese literature using techniques and and global significance. Japanese Studies Visiting Scholar, approaches from the digital humanities to give fresh insights Ellis Tinios, from the University of Leeds, specializes in early into existing and new questions in Chinese literary studies. modern Japanese print and printed books. Both scholars gave talks and workshops, and in Tinios’s case we also partnered Goodbye to our two visiting scholars of Japanese religions, with the Santa Barbara Museum of Art for an additional talk. Andrea Castiglioni and Carina Roth, who both spent a second year with us teaching, carrying out research, and inter- Exciting events, teaching, and research plans are in place for acting with the department in a variety of productive ways. the year ahead. To all our alums and supporters, please join us They made valuable contributions to our graduate student whenever you are in Santa Barbara. We look forward to meet- colloquium, conference organization in collaboration with ing you or seeing you again, and to sharing our work with you! Fabio Rambelli, and other program contributions, including a film festival devoted to documentaries and discussion

University of California, Santa Barbara, Fall 2018 3 Chinese Language Program

The 2017-2018 academic year was full of activities and joy for the Chinese Language Program! In addition to offering multiple levels of Chinese language courses, the program also organized cultural events and extracurricular activities, which included an Autumn Moon Festival celebration, a Chinese New Year celebration (with the UCSB Confucius Institute), Chinese character handwriting competitions, Mandarin Chinese speech competitions, Chinese film screenings, summer China trip planning and promotion (with the UCSB Confucius Institute), a language partner program (with the Chinese Students and Scholars Association), and a special event “In the Conversation with Abigail Washburn” (with the UCSB Multicultural Center and EALCS).

Autumn Moon Festival Mandarin Chinese Celebration Speech Contest

The event featured two themes: the Mid-Autumn Festival Two Mandarin Chinese speech competitions were held dur- and Chinese culture, with engaging and meaningful Chinese ing the 2017-2018 academic year, one in the fall quarter and language learning and interactive activities, such as a tea one in the spring. The latter was combined with the celebra- ceremony, storytelling about the moon palace and Chang’e tion of the United Nations Chinese Language Day (“Guyu,” (the goddess of the Moon), and mooncakes, paper-cutting, the 6th of 24 solar divisions in the traditional East Asian cal- and calligraphy. More than 130 students took part. endar).

Daoxiong Guan and students enjoying Autumn Moon Festival

Chinese Character Handwriting Competitions Language Partner Program

Three Chinese character handwriting competitions were The Chinese Language Program has worked with the Chi- successfully organized in the fall, winter, and spring quar- nese Students and Scholars Association to provide this lan- ters. All students in first-year Chinese classes participated guage partner program continuously for years. Many stu- in the competitions with enormous enthusiasm. The activity dents from our Chinese classes make friends with students not only improved their skills at character handwriting, but from China. Students practice their target languages and also strengthened their interest in learning Chinese. get to know different cultures.

4 Department of East Asian Languages and Cultural Studies Japanese Language Program

The 2017-2018 year was another exciting one for the Japanese Language Program. Our students are filled with passion to advance their language skills and to understand Japanese society and culture better. Their learning experiences took them well beyond the classroom with events and programs including the “extensive reading club” (Tadoku 多読), sushi workshops, and the Japanese language café. Tadoku 多読, a place where The Japanese Language Café: students enjoy reading chat more, enjoy more, and Japanese books! connect more!

The experience of students studying Japanese in our program cannot be told without mentioning the Japanese language café (JLC), where they bond through many group events. At the JLC they connect not only with their fellow Japanese learners but with international students from Ja- pan. This year, with the support of faculty advisor Yoko Ya- mauchi, the JLC hosted many events, including a rice-ball (onigiri) workshop, bowling, a karaoke party, and a barbe- cue at Goleta Beach.

Started in 2013, Tadoku (多読), meaning “to read a lot,” continues to grow both in the number of student participants and in its collection of books available for students to read. Led by Japanese lecturer Hiroko Sugawara, the club meets weekly throughout the academic year. The club offers students at all proficiency levels a unique opportunity that they cannot have in class. They get to enjoy reading authentic materials in Japanese without reliance on dictionaries in a totally relaxing environment. The idea is simple: they pick up a book or manga comic book that is suitable for their reading proficiency level and that satisfies their own interests in Japanese culture and literature. It sounds challenging, but students often become so engrossed in reading it that they lose track of time. This past year Tadoku had more than a dozen students taking up the reading challenge every week! Sushi workshop: make and eat Japanese food! Everybody agrees that sushi is one the most internationally recognized icons of Japanese culture! Fukiko Miyazaki, a Santa Barbara resident and Japanese chef, joins host Chikako Shinagawa for a student sushi workshop twice a year. The workshop is so popular that it fills up quickly with students who are enthusiastic about Japanese cooking.

As always, we are blessed to have many students who are highly motivated to study Japanese and excel at the language and cross-cultural communication. They are always eager to understand the Japanese culture and society through various activities on and off campus. It is always en- couraging for us Japanese language lecturers to see where students’ passion for the Japanese language takes them beyond the classroom.

University of California, Santa Barbara, Fall 2018 5 East Asia Center

http://www.eac.ucsb.edu/

Sabine Frühstück, Director

The East Asia Center (EAC) at UCSB promotes interdisciplinary research and cultural events on East Asia. In 2017-18, EAC has successfully applied for a one-year Korea Foundation Visiting Professor Fellowship for 2018- 19 (see interview with Eunjin Choi on page 13).

Among the many talks, workshops, and conferences EAC principally organized were “The Good, the Sad, and the Funny: Morality and Affect in Japanese Picturebooks” by Heather Blair (Department of Religious Stud- ies, University of Indiana, Oct 4), the workshop “Transnationalizing the History of Childhood in Russia, Korea, Japan, and the United States” with Heather Blair (Religious Studies, University of Indiana), Dafna Zur (East Asian Languages and Cultures, Stanford University), Sara Pankenier Weld (Germanic and Slavic Studies, UCSB), Lisa Jacobson (History, UCSB), and Sabine Frühstück (East Asian Languages & Cultural Studies, UCSB, Oct 5), “Figuring Korean Futures: Children’s Literature in Modern Korea” by Dafna Zur (East Asian Languages and Cultures, Stanford University, Oct 5), “Cyborg Able-ism: Critical Insights from the Not so ‘Uncanny Valley’ of Ja- pan” by Jennifer Robertson (Departments of Anthropology and the History of Art, University of Michigan, Oct 12), “Passages from the Mohezhiguan – Tiantai Zhiyi’s Magnum Opus” by Paul Swanson (Nanzan Institute of Religion and Culture, Nanzan University, Nov 13), “The Japanese Enthronement Ceremony in 2019” by Helen Hardacre (Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies, Harvard University, Mar 14), “Trans in Paradise - The curious case of transmen in Okinawa, Japan” by Karen Nakamura (Anthropology, UC Berkeley, May 2), and “The ‘History Wars’ and the ‘Comfort Woman’ Issue: Revisionism and the Right-wing in Contemporary Japan and the U.S.” by Tomomi Yamaguchi (Anthropology and Sociology, Montana State University, May 9).

Another highlight of the year was the international and interdisciplinary conference “New Directions in Korean Studies,” co-organized by Hyung-Il Pai and Sabine Frühstück (EALCS and EAC, March 2) with Dafna Zur (Stan- ford University), Andre Schmid (University of Toronto), Todd Henry (UCSD), Suk-Young Kim, and Michelle Cho (McGill University). A panel discussion featured all workshop participants in conversation with UCSB students and faculty members, including Jin Sook Lee (Education), John Park (Asian American Studies), and Kate Mc- Donald (History); moderated by Sabine Frühstück. (Co-sponsored by the departments of History, Film & Media Studies, and East Asian Languages & Cultural Studies, the Graduate Center for Literary Research, and the Col- lege of Letters & Science.)

The EAC also co-sponsored talks on “The Chinese Typewriter – A History” by Tom Mullaney (History, Stanford University), “The Death of Landscape” by Michio Hayashi (Art History and Visual Culture, Sophia University), “Discoveries in Japanese Literature: The Beginnings of a Translation History” by Michael Emmerich (Asian Studies, UCLA), “Abe Kobo and Experimental TV Dramas in Postwar Japan” by Toba Koji (Film and Media Studies, Waseda University), “Patterns and Networks in Classical Chinese Literature: Notes from the Digital Frontier,” an international conference organized by Tom Mazanec (EALCS), “Engaged Buddhism in Japan: New Strategies for Revitalization” by Rev. Ogi Shojun, “The World of Abhiseka: Consecration Rituals in the Buddhist Cultural Sphere,” a conference organized by Or Porath and Fabio Rambelli, “Spring Comes Around Again: Social Movements in Postcolonial East Asia,” organized by Jia-Ching Chen (Global Studies, UCSB), “Documenting Ritual Knowledge: The Ritual Anthologies of Medieval Japan,” by Lucia Dolce (SOAS, Univer- sity of London), “Reshaping the Present by Reconnecting with the Past from an Urban Ainu Perspective” by Uzawa Kanako (The Arctic University of Norway), “Disaggregating the East Asian Developmental State Model: Are South Korea and Taiwan Siamese Twins or Kissing Cousins?” by Tun-jun Cheng (Government, College of William and Mary), and a book launch and reception for Placing Empire: Travel and the Social Imagination in Imperial Japan by Kate McDonald (History, UCSB).

6 Department of East Asian Languages and Cultural Studies University of California, Santa Barbara, Fall 2018 7 Remembering Hyung Il Pai (June 14, 1958-May 28, 2018) Lothar von Falkenhausen

Hyung Il (“Lee”) Pai 裵炯逸 and I became friends from the moment when we met for the first time at Harvard in September 1981. As beginning graduate students and fellow advisees of the late Kwang-chih Chang 張光直 (1931- 2001), we spent a large part of the following three years in each other’s company. It was an intense and exhilarating time. Hyung Il had graduated from the prestigious Ewha Girls’ High School 梨花女子高等學校 and obtained her BA in Korean history from Sǒgang University 西江大學校, an academically rigorous Jesuit-run institution in Seoul. Having lived in Malaysia for several years in her teens—her father was a medical doctor attached to the Korean diplomatic community there—she was comfortable in English, familiar with negotiating cultural differences, and curious about con- ceptualizing them theoretically through the lens of anthropology. She had little trouble adjusting to American ways. In this respect she was quite different from the other Korean students at Harvard, many of whom were male and (due to Hyung Il Pai (second from right) and colleagues military-service requirements) older—nice people, interesting only that she master Japanese and Chinese, which she ing and fun to be with, but often astonishingly conservative did. Probably, the Harvard anthropologist who came to ex- in their attitudes. ert the strongest intellectual influence on Hyung Il was Pe- Socially as well as academically, Harvard with its ter S. Wells (b. 1948), whose sophisticated anthropological diverse international constellation of highly driven gradu- modeling of the nature and effects of contacts between late ate students was the right place for her. Had she stayed in prehistoric Central Europe and the Mediterranean world Korea, then still under a repressive military dictatorship, her provided her with an excellent framework for conceptual- outspokenness would likely have got her into trouble sooner izing early Korea-China interactions. For her first summer in or later. She sometimes shared stories of student demon- Graduate School, Harvard’s Anthropology Department sent strations during her college days, from which some of her her to the University of Arizona’s long-running archaeologi- fellow students had emerged crippled for life due to police cal field school at Grasshopper Pueblo, where she acquired brutality. I never asked her why she had chosen to switch first-hand acquaintance with the realities of archaeological fields from history to anthropology, though one reason may fieldwork. have been that anthropology at the time was being regard- Hyung Il’s influence on me during those years was ed (all too briefly, as it turned out) as a kind of hegemonial considerable. She was almost single-handedly responsible super-discipline that would eventually imprint itself upon the for kindling my fascination with Korea. In the summer of totality of the Humanities and Social Sciences. More prag- 1983, she persuaded me to accept an invitation from our matically, I believe, Hyung Il was looking for new, untapped older fellow student Choi Mong Lyong (b. 1946) bodies of evidence and more rigorous—or perhaps just dif- 崔夢龍 from Seoul National University, who was then just finishing ferent—methods of analysis that would help her develop a his PhD at Harvard, to join his archaeological field project broader perspective of early Korea than she had hitherto in Korea. I was hooked and returned to Korea the following encountered. In particular, she was obviously seeking to es- summer; I even started to study Korean. Although I eventu- cape from the doctrinaire nationalism then pervading Ko- ally resisted K. C. Chang’s suggestion to switch my primary rean academia. interest within East Asian archaeology from China to Korea, Even though anthropology was completely new to my Korean experience left deep and enduring intellectual her, she took to it like a fish to water. Together, we broke our marks. I don’t think I ever adequately expressed my grati- teeth in archaeological method and theory under the late tude for this to Hyung Il while she was alive. Stephen Williams (1926-2017); suffered valiantly through Erik She, too, participated in Choi’s field project in Trinkaus’s (b. 1948) osteology class, mandatory for archaeol- Korea—at Tohwari (Peach-Blossom Village) near ogy students; and struggled to hold our own in the formida- 桃花李 Ch’aech’ŏn in Chungch’ŏng Pukdo prov- ble Gordon R. Willey’s (1913-2002) seminar on the Early Clas- 堤川忠清北道 ince—during the summer after our second year at Harvard. sic Maya. No one on the Harvard faculty at the time knew She had come to explore possibilities for starting an excava- much about Korean archaeology as such, but K. C. Chang tion of her own on which she might write her PhD disserta- was the most supportive adviser imaginable. He gave Hyung tion. But at that point it was becoming clear that any plans Il a completely free rein in developing her expertise, insist-

8 Department of East Asian Languages and Cultural Studies she might have had to pursue her professional career in Ko- the very title of her dissertation—Hyung Il was taking consid- rea were not going to work out. For Hyung Il would not put erable risks, signaling her intention to stand apart from the up with the way male professors and older fellow students scholarly community of her homeland. were treating her socially—calling her agassi (“girlie”) and For all of us specializing in East Asian archaeology in insisting on being served by her at drinking parties—and the 1980s, the search for an academic position proved diffi- she was understandably frustrated that they would not take cult. In Hyung Il’s case, although anthropology was her home her seriously as an intellectual. No Western scholar of Ko- discipline, anthropology departments would not consider rea, male or female, would have had to contend with such her because she could not offer to take students into the behavior. Of course, if she had been willing to make com- field in Korea; and also because they tended to regard East promises, some solution might have been worked out. But Asian archaeology, especially when concerned with histori- one cannot blame her for persisting in her refusal to accom- cally documented periods, as somehow outside the purview modate herself to the “Old Boys”—even though this came of anthropology. For her first year after the PhD, she had no at the expense of becoming an outsider and jettisoning her job offers. To tide herself over, Hyung Il took an administra- opportunities of conducting fieldwork in Korea and of even- tive job in Harvard’s Dean of Students’ Office, where she was tually returning to Korea as a professor. in charge of enhancing racial diversity and cultural inclusion. Back at Harvard, she underwent something of a Learning to get her way in a bureaucracy was no doubt a makeover. She refashioned her intellectual orientations as useful professional experience. Yet concurrently she contin- well as her personal style so as to fit the academic job mar- ued her academic work and affiliated herself as a Research ket in the US. Whereas she had been content, until then, Associate with Harvard’s Korea Institute, John K. Fairbank to concentrate on her own relatively marginal specialty, she Center, and Arthur M. Sackler Museum. now made a point of becoming conversant with the big is- In 1990 Hyung Il was appointed Assistant Professor sues and core methodologies of the anthropological disci- at the University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB). Her pline. And whereas she had sometimes coquetted with the position was initially shared between the Departments of role of the exotic ingénue, she now became more edgy and East Asian Languages and Cultural Studies and History. Her less hesitant than before to inhabit the anger that young fe- experience exemplified the in-built vicissitudes of junior- male academics of our generation justifiably felt—especially level split appointments: for even though she was uncom- at Harvard—about their prospects in life. In other words, she plainingly shouldering much more than a 50% workload for learned to “walk the walk and talk the talk” in the same way each of her two departments—in addition to which came as her American contemporaries. She embraced feminism, pressures on minority female faculty members such as her- deconstructionism, and post-colonial theory; she sought out self to serve on more than their fair share of university com- senior female academics as mentors; and she built a stra- mittees—in the end neither department felt that she was tegic network of professional relationships in and beyond doing enough, and she came within a hair’s breadth of be- her own academic cohort. Working as a Teaching Fellow for ing denied tenure. It was Ronald C. Egan (b. 1948), a former a wide range of courses in Anthropology and in East Asian teacher of ours at Harvard, who, as chair of UCSB’s Depart- Languages and Civilizations, she acquired the pedagogical ment of East Asian Languages and Cultural Studies, almost skills necessary to relate to American undergraduates; she single-handedly rescued her career by moving her entire even lived for a time as a resident tutor in one of Harvard’s line into that department and seeing through her promotion undergraduate “Houses” (dormitories). To her great credit, to Associate Professor in 1998. Following the completion of she managed to do all these things without ever becoming her second book, she became Full Professor in 2012. unfaithful to her original self, remaining every bit as warm, During her a quarter-century or so at Santa Barbara, spontaneous, and opinionated as she had always been. Hyung Il taught a wide range of courses on the history, ar- Hyung Il received her Ph.D. in Anthropology from chaeology, and anthropology of Korea as well as East Asia Harvard in 1989. In her dissertation, “Lelang and the Interac- generally. Resolutely interdisciplinary in orientation, she pio- tion Sphere in the Korean Peninsula,” she applied to the Ko- neered the teaching of subjects new to East Asian Studies, rean case the concept of “Interaction Sphere,” pioneered in such as heritage management, tourism, and popular culture. the field of North American archaeology by Joseph Caldwell By all accounts, she was a popular teacher, her liveliness and (1916-1973) and adapted by K. C. Chang to late Neolithic caring more than compensating for her occasional lack of China. The dissertation covered the time from the late first organization. She headed UCSB’s Korean Language pro- millennium BC to the middle of the first millennium AD. The gram from 1998-2007. Another highlight of her service to Chinese commanderies that existed during part of that pe- the profession was three years (two thereof as Chair) on the riod in the northern part of the Korean peninsula—Lelang [K. Executive Board of the Committee on Korean Studies un- Nangnang] 樂浪, near present-day P’yŏngyang 平壤 (North der the Northeast Asia Council of the Association for Asian Korea), being the most important—were and remain a highly Studies (2001-4). From 2004 to the time of her death, she was controversial topic in East Asian archaeology. Although they a member of the Editorial Board of the International Journal are unambiguously attested by both historical texts and ar- of Cultural Properties for Cambridge University Press. More- chaeological finds, many Korean scholars regard them as a over, she served on several national and international fellow- blemish on the national dignity or even roundly deny their ship committees. existence. By daring to follow her own scholarly interests She traveled all over the world—to Asia, Europe, and to address such a topic—and by mentioning Lelang in Latin America, and even, in 2009, to Australia—to lecture

University of California, Santa Barbara, Fall 2018 9 and to present papers at conferences. Her research was un- The book she co-edited with Tim Tangherlini, Nationalism derwritten by a series of prestigious fellowships, which en- and the Construction of Korean Identity (Berkeley, Calif.: In- abled her to spend considerable chunks of time away from stitute for Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley, Santa Barbara. In 1992 she received a grant from the Social 1998), broke with numerous taboos. For one thing, it insisted Science Research Council to do research at the Tōyō Bunko on the fact (completely uncontroversial to those acquainted 東洋文庫 in Tōkyō. She spent the 1993-94 academic year at with contemporary anthropological theory, but threatening the Center for Korean Studies of the University of Califor- to ideologues) that Korean national identity is a modern nia, Berkeley, as a Korean Foundation Post-doctoral fellow. construct, and its constituent chapters, including her own, Twice she was invited to spend a year (2000-1 and 2007-8) at told facets of the story of how that construct came about. the International Research Center for Japanese Studies in Hyung Il addressed the same problématique at Kyōto. In 2004-5, the Japan Foundation sponsored her for greater depth in her first single-author book, Constructing six months as Visiting research professor at the Department “Korean” Origins: A Critical Review of Archaeology, Histori- of Archaeology at Kyōto University; during that academic ography and Racial Myth (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univer- year, she also held a Korea Foundation fellowship and did sity Asia Center, 2000). Once again, even the title, with “Ko- research at the National Research Institute of Cultural Prop- rean” in quotation marks, was erties in Tōkyō and at Tōkyō University’s Institute for Oriental a provocation. As befits a book Culture. A six-month Fulbright Fellowship in 2010-11 under- dedicated to K. C. Chang, the wrote her research at Seoul National University’s Kyujanggak book analyzes anthropological Institute. (This enumeration may be incomplete.) phenomena such as cultural Her work kept her extremely busy, but not too busy contact, ethnogenesis, and to have a personal life. In 1995 she married culinary artist state formation as exemplified Alex José, who made a loving home for the two of them, and by protohistoric and early his- who cared for her all the way to the end. toric Korea; the insights into Lelang from her dissertation * * * are included as a case study. Weighing the archaeological Ever since the 1990s, Hyung Il intermittently suffered record against the many-lay- from the cancer that eventually killed her on May 28, 2018. ered historiographical precon- She faced her situation with tremendous courage and deter- ceptions accumulated in more mination. Considering her ever-precarious health, her pro- than a century of scholarship, Hyung Il compellingly points ductivity as a scholar is all the more impressive. out the baseless yet mutually-reinforcing nature of many of The oeuvre she leaves behind comprises two sin- the historians’ claims; she exposes the blind spots and hid- gle-author books, one edited book, and some two dozen den assumptions in the work of numerous famous Japanese, article-length pieces (see the attached bibliography; as with Korean, and Western scholars; and she explains the reasons most scholars, there is a certain amount of overlap as some why they went wrong. While she uses the language of post- of her articles became chapters in her books). All of her work modernist criticism, her presentation of the data is matter-of- was inspired by the dual impetus (1) to reconfigure the study fact, even workmanlike. The book amounts to a devastating of early Korea by placing it in a more sophisticated theoreti- critique of the entire intellectual basis of Korean archaeol- cal and methodological framework, and (2) to contribute to ogy during the first half-century since independence from some of the grand themes in the Humanities and Social Sci- Japan; yet it also sketches out a new paradigm, grounded ences. Her most precious assets in pursuing these goals were in the methods and theories of contemporary American an- her well-developed scholarly imagination and her absolute thropology, for a more defensible historical interpretation of fearlessness. Hyung Il never hesitated, when warranted, to the Korean archaeological record. think “outside the box,” and she did not shy away from ar- Inevitably, Constructing “Korean” Origins touched ticulating radically unorthodox ideas. Indeed, I believe she on every imaginable raw nerve of nationalist sensitivity in positively enjoyed challenging the established consensus, Korea, Japan, and—to some degree—China. Moreover, the and she did not care whether others would agree with her or book was by no means error-free. But it raised issues that, not. In retrospect, her self-confidence seems to have been in the long run, no one could afford to ignore, and it is my largely justified: many of her published opinions have had impression that it is being found useful by today’s new gen- considerable staying power. eration of scholars. In a Korean frame of reference, it stands The study of the early periods of Korean history is as a monumental and startlingly original achievement. To its difficult not only because of the many different languages it American readership, it not only delivered a well-informed requires, but also because it necessitates entering a verita- synthesis of a body of archaeological evidence rarely treat- ble minefield of political controversy. Hyung Il aimed above ed in English, but also provided a welcome addition to the all to eschew the stultifying hypernationalistic discourse that growing scholarly literature reflecting on nationalism and has characterized the work of post-World War II scholars of history from the perspective of the history of scholarship. the Humanities and Social Sciences in both North and South It was, of course, in no small measure thanks to Korea, and which always becomes especially strident when her status as an American university professor that Hyung anything concerning Japan is ever so slightly touched upon. Il could claim the authority and cultural distance to address

10 Department of East Asian Languages and Cultural Studies such central issues in her field. If she had returned Korea, this anthropological photography, postcards, and the study of would have been unthinkable. In her later career, she broad- cultural tourism. One of her final projects was on her home- ened her scope even further. As she moved from “armchair town, Seoul, and its conceptualization as a city of culture archaeology” and ancient history into the emerging field of during Japanese colonial times and in independent Korea. Cultural Studies, her background in anthropology continued She once told me that she was planning to retire to Seoul. to serve her well as a fountainhead of theoretical approach- Alas, it never came to that. es and methods for research. With Hyung Il’s passing, the academic community As an extension of her previous work on archaeolog- —UCSB, the University of California, scholars of East Asian ical materials as such, she now trained her focus on the his- archaeology and cultural-heritage studies, and the transna- tory and current situation of cultural-heritage administration tional republic of scholars at large—has lost a true original, in East Asia. Her book on that topic, Heritage Management an authentic person who could always be counted on to in Korea and Japan: The Politics of Antiquity and Identity have an opinion, who cared deeply about right and wrong, (Seattle, Wash.: University of Washington Press 2013) is both and who would have done anything for her friends. Now that solid and timely. It offers an unbiased, matter-of-fact presen- she has prematurely left us, all that remains to do for us who tation of Japanese colonial institutions and their continuing survive her is to remember her well and to continue her im- impact on the contemporary portant work as best we can. practice of archaeology and cultural-heritage management Lothar von Falkenhausen is Professor of Chinese Archaeol- in Korea. Hyung Il demonstrates ogy and Art History at UCLA. that present-day cultural-heritage work in the two countries Bibliography rests on a shared intellectual basis, which she traces back to Pai, Hyung Il. “Lelang and the Interaction Sphere: An Alter- a seminal group of scholars dur- native View of Korean State Formation.” Archaeological Re- ing the late nineteenth and early view from Cambridge 8.1 (1989): 64-75. twentieth centuries. In conduct- —. “Culture Contact and Culture Change: The Korean Pen- ing her archival research in both insula and its Relations with the Han Dynasty Commandery Japan and Korea, she deployed of Lelang.” World Archaeology 23.3 (1992): 306-319 great persistence and consider- —. “The Nangang Triangle in China, Japan and Korea.” East able diplomatic skills to obtain Asian History 7 (1994): 25-48. access to important troves of records and documents that —, and Tim Tangherlini (ed.). Nationalism and the Construc- had not previously been adequately tapped by scholars. tion of Korean Identity. Korea Research Monographs, v. 26. Moreover, she conducted numerous interviews with stake- Berkeley, Calif.: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of holders. She was particularly proud of having spoken at California, Berkeley, 1998. length with Arimitsu Kyōichi 有光教一 (1907-2011), the last —. “The Colonial Origins of Korea’s Collected Past.” In Na- director of the Keijō Government-General Museum (now the tionalism and the Construction of Korean Identity, Hyung National Museum of Korea) during the Japanese colonial Il Pai and Tim Tangherlini (ed.), pp. 13-33. Berkeley, Ca- period, at the end of his long life. lif.: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Needless to say, her second book as well was con- Berkeley, 1998. Portuguese translation: “Origens coloniais troversial. What especially enraged those of her Korean col- do passado coletado da Coréia,” Anais do Museu Histórico leagues who were willing to sacrifice historical truth to patri- Nacional 24 (2013): 19-56. otic emotions was Hyung Il’s willingness to give due credit to —. “Nationalism and Preserving Korea’s Buried Past: The Of- Japanese scholars and administrators for bringing the very fice of Cultural Properties and Archaeological Heritage Man- notions of prehistory, archaeology, and cultural-heritage pro- agement in South Korea.” Antiquity 73.281 (1999): 619-625. tection to Korea; for establishing the first museums devoted —. “Japanese Anthropology and the Discovery of ‘Prehis- to Korean antiquities; and for making substantial contribu- toric Korea’.” Journal of East Asian Archaeology 1.1-4 (Fest- tions to both conservation and scholarship. Japanese schol- schrift for K. C. Chang, Robert W. Murowchick et al. [ed.]): ars, on the other hand, were predictably eager to acknowl- 353-382. edge the importance of her work. Thanks in particular to her —. Constructing “Korean” Origins: A Critical Review of Ar- friend Yoshii Hideo 吉井秀夫 at Kyôto University, Hyung Il chaeology, Historiography and Racial Myth. Cambridge, became well-acquainted with the Japanese archaeological Mass.: Harvard University Asia Center, 2000. community, and she was able to build bridges to colleagues —. “The Creation of National Treasures and Monuments: across the disciplines. Had she lived longer, this work could The 1916 Japanese Laws on the Preservation of Korean Re- have been extended into a variety of possible directions. mains and Relics and Their Colonial Legacies.” Journal of Hyung Il’s article-length contributions appeared in Korean Studies 25.1 (2001): 72-95. all the three main languages relevant to her research: Eng- —. “Chōsen no kako wo meguru seijigaku: Chōsen hantō lish, Korean, and Japanese. The topics range from state ni okeru Nihon shokuminchi kōkogaku no isan” 朝鮮半島の formation in Korea and culture contact and culture change 過去を巡る政治学：朝鮮半島における日本植民地考古学の遺 to archaeological heritage management, museum studies, 産 (Politics as reviewed through Korea’s past: The heritage

University of California, Santa Barbara, Fall 2018 11 of Japanese colonial archaeology on the Korean peninsula). —. “Staging ‘Koreana’ for the Tourist Gaze: Imperialist Nos- Nihon kenkyū 日本研究 (International Research Center for talgia and the Circulation of Picture Postcards.” History of Japanese Studies) 26 (2002): 15-52. Photography 37.3 (2013): 301–11. —. “Collecting Japan’s Antiquity in Colonial Korea: The To- —. “Monumentalizing the Ruins of Korean Antiquity: Early kyo Anthropological Society and the Cultural Comparative Travel Photography and Itinerary of Seoul’sHeritage Des- Perspective.” In Moving Objects: Time, Space, and Context: tinations.” International Journal of Cultural Property 21.3 26th International Symposium on the Preservation and Res- (2014): 331-347. toration of Cultural Property, pp. 57-72; Japanese version —. “Gateway to Korea: Colonialism, Nationalism, and Re- (“Shokuminchi Chōsen ni ‘Nihon no kodai’ wo shūshū suru: constructing Ruins as Tourist Landmarks.” Journal of Indo- Tōkyō Jinruigakkai to hikaku bunkateki wakugumi” 植民地朝 Pacific Archaeology 35 (2015): 15-25. 鮮に‘日本の古代‘を収集する:東京人類学会と比較文化的枠組 —. “Kyŏngju yujŏk ŭi nangman: Ilche shingminji shidae み), ibid., pp. 87-107. Tōkyō: National Research Institute of kogohak sajinsa wa kwan’gwang imiji” 慶州遺蹟의 浪漫: 日 Cultural Properties Publications, 2004. 帝植民地時代考古學寫眞史와 觀光 이미지 (The roman- —. “Shinhwa sok kot’o pokwŏn ŭl wihan yujŏk t’amsaek: tic quality of the ruins of Gyeongju: Archaeological photo- Meiji sidae Han bando esŏŭi kogohak kwa misulhakjok graphs and touristic images from the Japanese colonial pe- chosa” 神話속 故土 복원울 為한 遺跡探索: 明治時代韓半 riod). In Tong Ashia kwan’gwang ŭi sangho shisŏn: Kŭndae 島 애서의 考古学 과 美術学的調査 (Reclaiming the Ruins of ihu Han-Jung-Il kwan’gwang chihyŏng ŭi pyŏnhwa 東아 Imagined Imperial Terrains: Meiji Archaeology and art his- 시아 觀光의 相互視線: 近代以後韓中日觀光地形의 變化 torical surveys in the Korean peninsula (1900-1916).” In Ilbon (Mutual perceptions in East Asian tourism: Changes in the ŭi palmyŏng kwa kŭndae 日本의發明과近代 (The Discovery touristic landscapes of Korea, China, and Japan since the of “Japan” and Modernity), Sang-in Yoon and Kyu-tae Park onset of the modern age), Mun Ok-p’yo 文玉杓 (ed.), pp. (ed.), pp. 247-284. Seoul: Yeesan Press, 2006. 124-169. Sŏngnam 城南: Han’gukhak Chung’ang Yŏn’guwŏn —. “Capturing Visions of Japan’s Prehistoric Past: Torii Ch’ulp’anbu 韓國學中央研究院出版部, 2016. Ryūzō’s Field Photographs of ‘Primitive’ Races and Lost Civi- —. “Archaeologizing the Korean Heritage Cultural Prop- lizations (1896-1915).” In Looking Modern: East Asian Visual erties Management and State Tourist Development.” In Culture from Treaty Ports to World War II, Jennifer Purtle and Handbook of East and Southeast Asian Archaeology, Junko Hans Bjarne Thomsen (ed.), pp. 265-293. Chicago: Center Habu, John Olsen, Zhichun Jing, and Peter Lape (ed.), pp. for the Arts of East Asia, University of Chicago, and Chicago 27-37. New York: Springer Press, 2017. University Press, 2009. —. “The Kingdom of Gold: Excavating the Royal Burials of —. “Natsukashii furusato imēji no fukugen: Shokuminchi Silla and the Birth of Public Archaeology in the Korean Pen- Chōsen no iseki chōsa to kankō” 懐かしい故郷イメージの insula.” Written for Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of 復元—植民地朝鮮の遺跡調査と観光. In Komonzu to bunka: Korea and Japan, Simon Kaner, Gary Crawford and Gyoung- Bunka ha dare no mono ka? コモンズと文化—文化は誰のも Ah Lee (ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press, forthcoming. のか (Commons and Culture: Who Owns Culture?), Yamada —. “Teikoku no meishōchi wo shikakuka suru: Chōsen sho- Shoji 山田奨治 (ed.), Tōkyō: Tōkyō Shuppansha, 2010. Eng- kuminchi koseki no shashin bunrui to kankō sangyō” 帝国 lish version: “Resurrecting the Ruins of Japan’s Mythical の名勝地を視覚化する：朝鮮植民地古跡の写真分類と観光産 Homelands: Colonial Archaeological Surveys in the Korean 業 (Visualizing imperial destinations: The photographic clas- Peninsula and Heritage Tourism.” In Handbook of Post-co- sification of ruins and the tourist industry in colonial Korea). lonialism and Archaeology, Jane Lydon and Uzma Rizvi (ed.), To appear in Chōsen kodaishi kenkyū to shokuminchishugi pp. 93-112. World Archaeological Congress Research Hand- no kokufuku 朝鮮古代史研究と植民地主義の克服 [prelimi- book, v. 3. Walnut Creek: Left Coast Press, 2010. nary title], Li Sŏngshi 李成市 and Arnaud Nanta (ed.). Tōkyō: —. “Travel Guides to the Empire: The Production of Tourist Waseda University Press [publisher may change], forthcom- Images in Colonial Korea.” In Consuming Korean Tradition ing. in Early and Late Modernity, Laurel Kendall (ed.), pp. 67-87. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2010. Note: Not long before her passing, Hyung Il Pai co-orga- —. “Tracing Japan’s Antiquity: Photography, Archaeology nized with Sabine Frühstück the conference “New Direc- and Representations of Kyŏngju.” In Questioning Oriental tions in Korean Studies,” the first of its kind at UCSB. For a Aesthetics and Thinking: Conflicting Visions of “Asia” under conference report, see page 6 of this newsletter. the Colonial Empires, Shigemi Inaga (ed.), pp. 289-316. 38th International Research Symposium Volume. Kyōto: Interna- tional Center for Japanese Studies, 2011. —. “Navigating Modern Keijō: The Typology of Guidebooks and City Landmarks.” Seoulhak yŏn’gu 44 (2011): 1-40. —. Review of Aesthetic Constructions of Korean National- ism: Spectacle, Politics and History, by Hong Kal (Routledge 2011). Journal of Korean Studies 17.2 (2012): 201-6. —. Heritage Management in Korea and Japan: The Politics of Antiquity and Identity. Seattle, Wash.: University of Wash- ington Press, 2013.

12 Department of East Asian Languages and Cultural Studies Interview with Eunjin Choi 2018-19 Korea Foundation Visiting Professor

We are delighted to welcome Eunjin Choi, EALCS’s 2018-19 my name in end credits one Korea Foundation Visiting Professor! Choi earned her PhD day. After becoming a univer- from Dongguk University with a dissertation titled ‘쉬리’ 이 sity student, I realized that I 후 분단영화에 나타난 핍진성과 장르변주의 상호텍스트적 관 am also attracted to the ar- 계 연구 (A Study on the Intertextual Relationship of Verisi- ticulate commentary of film militude and Genre Variations in the Films on the Division of critics. Thus, I view myself as South and North Korea after ‘Shiri’) and is a specialist of Ko- a person who can produce rean film and popular culture. Sabine Frühstück spoke with films as well as write about Choi shortly after her arrival in Santa Barbara. them. I see films theoretically and practically at the same Frühstück: Welcome to EALCS and UCSB! When did you get time (like two sides of a coin). to town and how are you finding life on the west coast of the Films convey deep concerns United States thus far? and insights about people and their lives. Other forms Eunjin Choi Choi: I arrived in Santa Barbara two weeks before the start of of art do the same. Filmmak- the 2018 fall term. I feel like a university freshman again. It’s ers and critics are film lovers, but they express their passion my first time to be on the west coast of the United States. I differently. My broad interest and experience regarding films traveled twice to the northeastern United States in the win- should be beneficial for conducting classes in an innovative ter season, so I only have memories of a cold United States. and fresh way, and I will aim to maintain balance in terms of California is totally different. Before I came here, all of my my interests when teaching students. friends who lived in or visited California talked about the state’s pleasant weather and good people. I cannot help Frühstück: What courses will you be teaching at UCSB? agreeing with them; I am so excited to be here. Choi: I will teach five courses over three terms, including In- Frühstück: Tell us about your research interests and current troduction to Popular Culture in Korean Film and TV Dramas projects. (fall term) and The New Korean Wave and Contemporary Korean Cinema (winter term). My courses for the spring term Choi: My main research interest in film studies is based on will be announced later. All are subjects related to Korean cultural studies. I am passionate about analyzing society popular culture. Korea attracts the world’s attention in many through mass media, especially films. The focus of my dis- ways. For example, it is one of the only divided countries in sertation is on the “division films” released after the year the world; its economy is booming with Samsung, LG, Hyun- 1999. Division film is the film genre which has as its back- dai, etc.; and the entertainment industry is thriving. K-pop ground the division of the Korean peninsula. I have attempt- and TV dramas are now popular all over the world, and Ko- ed to demonstrate how a change of regime affects popular rean films have achieved recognition as unique works of art. culture. This situation is especially evident in division films, I’m thrilled to introduce the Korean culture and share my which have a very political background. During South Ko- ideas with UCSB students (whom I am eager to meet). rea’s progressive government period, division films tended to be melodramas portraying, for example, a match be- Frühstück: What other plans do you have for your time at tween a North Korean woman and a South Korean man. In UCSB? contrast, when the conservative government was in power in South Korea, spy movies with young action stars cast as Choi: I’ve taught Korean film and popular culture in South North Korean characters were produced. This phenomenon Korea, but this is my first time teaching abroad. I view it as was caused by the change in Korean people’s views regard- a challenge as well as an opportunity. I’ve taught and re- ing the relationship between South and North Korea. Their searched Korean culture only in Korea up to this point, but expectations for the future seem more flexible than before. now I can see and experience directly how it’s spreading I am currently focusing on how the transformed relationship globally. UCSB students are diverse in terms of nationality between North and South Korea has affected society and and cultural background. Sharing ideas about Korean culture popular culture since 2017. could bring about another forum for diversity. I also hope to gain valuable resources for cultural research through my Frühstück: You are a film studies expert and a documentary classes. film maker. What is it like to go back and forth between one mode of knowledge production and another? Frühstück: Thank you for your insights! We all look forward to working with you. Choi: Filmmaking has fascinated me since I was a teenager. I dreamed of becoming a filmmaker and wanted to include

University of California, Santa Barbara, Fall 2018 13 Confucius Institute

Mayfair Yang, Director

2017-2018 was another busy year for the UCSB Confucius George Washington University, titled “A Time to Heal or a Institute. For Fall Quarter 2017, since I went on sabbatical Time to Kill? The Communist Fight Against Rural Superstition at the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and in Wartime China.” Kang addressed the campaign to Ethnic Diversity in Göttingen, Germany, Daoxiong Guan, a discredit local rural shamans and ritual healers and analyzed lecturer of Chinese language in the East Asian Languages the gender dimension of the displacement of local ritual and Cultural Studies Department at UCSB, served as interim authorities by the new Communist state authorities. director. I returned and assumed the regular directorship for Winter and Spring quarters 2018. On February 6th, 2018, the Confucius Institute and UCSB Chinese Students & Scholars Association jointly organized On October 4th, 2017, we held an Autumn Moon Festival another Chinese language partners event at the Multicultural celebration, which was attended by over 150 students and a Center. Fifty students listened to and participated in few faculty members. Students were served Chinese tea and discussions on cultural differences between China and the mooncakes and were treated to lectures and performances U.S. in matters of aesthetics, popular culture and music, and by Chinese international students enrolled at UCSB. modes of social relations.

We had two visiting lecturers speak on the art of Chinese- On February 15th, we organized another Chinese calligraphy English translation. On October 13th, 2017, Shu-hui Yang competition, with over 60 students in attendance. of Bates College gave a lecture titled “Two Words, Two Contestants wrote out the Tang Dynasty poem “Peach Worlds: Translating Ming Dynasty Vernacular Fiction.” On Blossoms at Dalin Temple” and listened to a brief lecture November 1st, Xunyun Bao, former Dean of the School of about the poet’s life. Twelve winners were selected for prizes Translation at Middlebury Institute of International Studies at and certificates. Monterey gave a lecture titled “The Art of Chinese-English Translation.” These two talks were welcomed by the many On February 21st, the Confucius Institute organized the faculty and students involved in the Translation Studies annual Spring Festival banquet to celebrate Chinese Program at UCSB. New Year, with a catered dinner of Chinese dishes for the 120 people in attendance. The EALCS Chinese language On October 13th, 2017, Manling Luo of Indiana University program co-organized the event, preparing Chinese gave a lecture titled “Fragments of the Past: Reading language students for performances and filming them FabioHistorical Rambelli Miscellanies of Medieval China.” Luo argued for speaking Chinese in a variety of humorous contexts. a new approach to this genre of medieval Chinese literature that is not solely concerned with historical authenticity On February 24th, we co-organized with the UCLA and accuracy, but examines texts as alternative sources of Confucius Institute a performance of Sichuan-style opera historical understanding that differs from official history- by a professional troupe from Chengdu. Over two hundred writing. UCSB students and faculty, as well as a sizable audience from the local Santa Barbara community, attended the beautiful On October 19th, 2017, the Confucius Institute and UCSB performance in Lotte Lehman Hall. For community outreach, Chinese Students & Scholars Association jointly organized we advertised the event prominently in the local paper, The a “Chinese Language Partners” event that brought Independent. We provided lunch and dinner for the troupe. together UCSB students of Chinese language with Chinese international students and scholars to form pairs of partners On April 20th and 21st, 2018, we held a large-scale for language exchange and mutual help in Chinese and conference titled “International Conference on Ancient English. China in a Eurasian Context.” The event was co-organized by Anthony Barbieri-Low of UCSB’s History Department, Lothar On November 1st, we held our second annual Chinese von Falkenhausen of UCLA, and the Confucius Institute. speech contest, at which fifteen UCSB Chinese language The History Department provided some co-sponsorship students participated, receiving certificates and prizes. funds. The keynote address was delivered by Dame Jessica Rawson of Oxford University. Another keynote speaker was On November 17th, we showed a recent Chinese-language Qingbo Duan, an archaeologist at Northwest University in film called “American Dreams in China,” with Ms. Yongli Li, Xi’an, China. Min Li, an archaeologist at UCLA also served as a Ph.D. candidate in EALCS leading a discussion afterward. discussant. The papers all addressed the hitherto neglected intercultural flows that crisscrossed China, Central Asia, and On November 27th, the Confucius Institute organized a the Middle East in ancient times between the eighth century large-scale Chinese calligraphy competition, hosting over BCE and the fifth century CE. Five papers were presented one hundred participants. by Ph.D. students at UCSB, University of Chicago, UCLA, and McGill University. Non-China scholars of the ancient On January 25th, 2018, we had a lecture by Xiaofei Kang of Continued on page 31. See Confucius Institute.

14 Department of East Asian Languages and Cultural Studies “Reinventing Japan” Research Focus Group: Year Six William Fleming

With the 2017-18 academic year, the “Reinventing Ja- tion to a book manuscript—working title: Dialectics pan” Research Focus Group (RFG) wrapped up its sixth without Synthesis: Realism, Film Theory, and Japanese year. As in past iterations, this year, under the direction Cinema—by Naoki Yamamoto (Film and Media Stud- of William Fleming and Luke Roberts (History), the RFG ies). Our final meeting of the quarter, on December brought together scholars from across the university 6th, was aimed at graduate students and entitled “Pre- whose work relates in one way or another to Japan. paring to Attend a Conference.” A round table consist- Faculty and graduate students from a wide range of ing of William Fleming, Luke Roberts, ann-elise lewal- departments participated: East Asian Languages and len (EALCS), and Sabine Frühstück (EALCS), as well as Cultural Studies, Religious Studies, History, Anthropol- graduate students Carl Gabrielson (EALCS) and Travis ogy, History of Art and Architecture, Global Studies, Seifman (History), offered thoughts and advice on sev- Film and Media Studies, Theater and Dance, and Fem- eral matters, including how to choose a conference to inist Studies. This year’s RFG meetings, held every two attend; how to organize a panel; how to prepare the weeks or so on Wednesday afternoons in HSSB 4080, abstract, paper, and presentation; what to aim to get included visiting lectures by eminent faculty outside out of conference attendance; and sources of funding. the university; discussions of shared, pre-circulated readings by UCSB faculty and graduate students; and In the winter, our first meeting, held on January 17th, special sessions devoted to graduate student develop- featured ann-elise lewallen (EALCS) and Kumar Sunda- ment and career preparation. ram (editor of DiaNuke.org, independent scholar and activist) giving a short presentation titled “India, Ja- To bring a measure of coherence to the diversity of pan, and the Asian Nuclear-Militarist Gambit: Togeth- UCSB graduate students and faculty working on Japan er on the Wrong Side of History?” This was followed across diverse departments and disciplines, meetings by group discussion and feedback. On February 7th, were loosely centered around a broad theme that al- Ph.D. candidate Travis Seifman (History) shared a dis- lowed for interconnections across temporal and dissertation chapter on Ryūkyūan (Okinawan) processions ciplinary divisions and helped bridge the strong tem- to Edo (modern-day Tokyo) in the early modern period. poral divide in Japanese studies between “modern” One week later, recent EALCS Ph.D. Silke Werth gave a Japanese studies and “pre-modern” Japanese stud- mock job talk in preparation for an upcoming campus ies. This year’s theme—“materiality”—encompasses visit and job interview. The RFG’s quarter ended with recent work in literary studies and book history, art his- a lecture, on February 28th, by Amy Stanley, associate tory and “biographies” of objects, and history, as well professor in the Department of History at Northwest- as an interest in objects used in daily life and the human ern University and a rising scholar of Japanese history, networks built around specific commodities. The cho- who presented a lecture presenting some of her recent sen theme guided our wide-ranging examination and research on the everyday lives of Japanese women in discussion of the field of Japan Studies and the ways in the early modern period. which it continues to be renewed and reinvented. The spring meetings included a group discussion on Our first official meeting was on October 18th. Flem- April 18th of a dissertation chapter in progress by Emm ing and Roberts offered some introductory and orga- Simpson (EALCS) on the Awashima deity and its con- nizational remarks, after which participants discussed nection to Empress Jingū. The second meeting, on a pre-circulated book chapter by Luke Roberts from May 9th, featured a lecture titled “The ‘History Wars’ a forthcoming volume on women and networks in and the ‘Comfort Women’ Issue” by Tomomi Yamagu- nineteenth-century Japan. On November 1st, Michael chi, an anthropologist and professor at Montana State Emmerich, associate professor in the Asian Languages University. The third meeting, on May 23rd, featured and Cultures Department at UCLA, delivered a lecture discussion of a paper by Fabio Rambelli (EALCS and titled “Discoveries in Japanese Literature: The Begin- Religious Studies) on musical instruments in the sound- nings of a Translation History.” On November 8th, we scape of Japanese religion. met again for discussion of the pre-circulated introduc-

University of California, Santa Barbara, Fall 2018 15 Faculty Publication: Sōseki: Modern Japan’s Greatest Novelist by John Nathan

Columbia University Press, 2018

Natsume Sōseki (1867–1916) was the father of the modern novel in Japan, chronicling the plight of bourgeois characters caught between familiar modes of living and the onslaught of Western values and conventions. Yet even though generations of Japanese high school students have been expected to memorize passages from his novels and he is routinely voted the most important Japanese writer in national polls, he remains less familiar to Western readers than authors such as Kawabata, Tanizaki, and Mishima.

In this biography, John Nathan provides a lucid and vivid account of a great writer laboring to create a remarkably original oeuvre in spite of the physical and mental illness that plagued him all his life. He traces Sōseki’s complex and contradic- tory character, offering rigorous close readings of Sōseki’s groundbreaking experiments with narrative strategies, irony, and multiple points of view as well as recounting excruciating hospital stays and recurrent attacks of paranoid delusion. Drawing on previously untranslated letters and diaries, published reminiscences, and passages from Sōseki’s fiction, Na- than renders intimate scenes of the writer’s life and distills a portrait of a tormented yet unflaggingly original author. The first full-length study of Sōseki in fifty years, Nathan’s biography elevates Sōseki to his rightful place as a great synthesizer of literary traditions and a brilliant chronicler of universal experience who, no less than his Western contemporaries, antici- pated the modernism of the twentieth century.

16 Department of East Asian Languages and Cultural Studies Faculty Activities

William Fleming www.youtube.com/watch?v=JeCrPmGtPI8, begins minute 26:15), Berkeley, the Naval War College, Newport (youtube recording: Selected Publications https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tCskNV4zvIA), and Stanford University. “Japanese Students Abroad and the Building of America’s Frühstück is the chief editor of New Interventions in Japanese First Japanese Library Studies, a new book series within the open access Luminos Collection, 1869–1878.” Program of the University of California Press. The series publishes Forthcoming, Journal of the books that employ cutting edge theoretical frameworks emerging American Oriental Society from history, anthropology, literature, visual culture, theater, and (2019.1). religion. Books in the series shall ask new questions with the aim of shifting the parameters of debates, broaden the frame Review Article: Jonah Salz, ed., of analysis, transverse conventional boundaries of periodization, A History of Japanese Theatre discipline, and methodology, and productively engage Japanese (Cambridge University Press, sources and scholarship. 2016); Satoko Shimazaki, Edo Kabuki in Transition: From Xiaorong Li the Worlds of the Samurai to the Vengeful Female Ghost (Columbia University Press, 2016); Selected Publications and Maki Isaka, Onnagata: A Labyrinth of Gendering in Kabuki Theater (University of Washington Press, 2016). Forthcoming, The Poetics and Politics of TDR: The Drama Review, vol. 62, no. 2 (summer 2018), 163–67. Sensuality in China: The “Fragrant and Bedazzling” Review: Brian Steininger, Chinese Literary Forms in Heian Japan: Movement (1600-1930). Poetics and Practice (Harvard University Asia Center, 2017). Amherst, New York: Cambria Forthcoming, China Review International, vol. 25, no. 4 (fall 2018), Press, 2019. Forthcoming. 407–13. “Image, Word, and Emotion: The Presentations and Professional Activities Representation of the Beautiful/ Lovelorn Woman in the New- During the past year, Fleming presented at the Association Style ‘Hundred Beauties’ Albums for Asian Studies annual conference in Washington, DC, at (1900-1920s).” Journal of Chinese several workshops, and gave invited talks at Yale University and Literature and Culture, 2018, forthcoming. elsewhere. Selected Presentations Sabine Frühstück “明清情詩的文本政治及現代性: 以王次回詩為中心” (The Textual Selected Publications: Politics of Ming-Qing Sensual Poetry and Modernity: The Case of Wang Cihui). Invited Lecture at Suzhou University of Science and Frühstück’s Child’s Play: Technology, China, September 7, 2018. Multi-sensory Histories of Children and Childhood in “Representing the Feminine ‘Other’: The Images of ‘Foreign’ Japan (co-ed. with Anne Women in Wang Tao’s (1828-1897) Writings.” Paper Presented at Walthall) was published by the Annual meeting of Association for Asian Studies, Washington the University of California DC, March 22-25, 2018. Press (2017), containing her chapter on “… and My Heart “On the “Hundred Beauties” Genre and Beyond.” Invited Screams”: Children and Presentation at the Symposium, “Rethinking Women and Visual the War of Emotions.” Her Culture in Late Imperial China” at UCLA, February 16-17, 2018. article, “The War on Games” appeared in The Asia-Pacific Thomas Mazanec Journal vol. 15, issue 23, no. 5, posted on 20 November Selected Publications 2017. Frühstück has also contributed a review article and book reviews to Pacific Historical Review, Cross-currents: East Asian Digital Methods in Traditional History and Culture Review, Monumenta Nipponica, and the Chinese Literary Studies, ed. Journal of Gender Studies respectively. Thomas Mazanec, Jeffrey Tharsen, and Jing Chen. Special Presentations and Professional Activities issue of the Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture, vol. 5, no. In addition to a number of conference presentations, Frühstück 2 (2018). gave the keynote address on “Generations in History,” at the Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University “Introduction,” by Thomas along with another invited paper at the same institution, she was Mazanec, Jeffrey Tharsen, and the 2018 Visiting Scholar in Gender and History at the University of Jing Chen, in Digital Methods Connecticut, and gave invited talks and workshop presentations and Traditional Chinese Literary at the University of British Columbia (youtube recording: https:// Studies.

University of California, Santa Barbara, Fall 2018 17 “Networks of Exchange Poetry in Late Medieval China: Notes “Semiotics as Soteriology: A Different Look at Medieval Japanese Toward a Dynamic History of Tang Literature,” in Digital Methods Buddhism.” In Buddhism and Linguistics, edited by Manel Herat, and Traditional Chinese Literary Studies. 55-80. Palgrave MacMillan, 2018.

“Righting, Riting, and Rewriting the Book of Odes (Shijing): On “Dharma Devices, Non-hermeneutical Libraries, and Robot- ‘Filling out the Missing Odes’ by Shu Xi.” Chinese Literature: Monks: Prayer Machines in Japanese Buddhism.” Journal of Asian Essays, Articles, Reviews, vol. 37 (2018). Humanities at Kyushu University vols. 3-4, 1-19 (March 2018).

“Exploring Chinese Poetry with Digital Assistance: Examples from “Sacred Objects and Design in Buddhism” in Encyclopedia of Linguistic, Literary, and Historical Viewpoints,” by Chao-lin Liu, Asian Design, edited by Christine Guth, 67-76. London and New Thomas Mazanec, and Jeffrey Tharsen, in Digital Methods and York: Bloomsbury (online at: https://www.bloomsburydesignlibrary. Traditional Chinese Literary Studies. com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781350066021&tocid=b- 9781350066021-EAD-4-SECT2-002-001&pdfid=9781350066021- Translation: “Geographic Distribution and Change in Tang EAD-4-SECT2-002.pdf) Poetry: Data Analysis from the ‘Chronological Map of Tang-Song Literature,’” by Wang Zhaopeng and Qiao Junjun, in Digital “The Sea in the History of Japanese Religions,” in The Sea and the Methods and Traditional Chinese Literary Studies. Sacred in Japan: Aspects of Maritime Religion, edited by Fabio Rambelli, xii-xxiv. London and New York: Bloomsbury, 2018. Translation: “From Poetic Revolution to the Southern Society: The Birth of Classicist Poetry in Modern China,” by Sun Zhimei. “Sea Theologies: Elements for a Conceptualization of Maritime Frontiers of Literary Studies in China, vol. 12, no. 2 (2018): 299–323. Religiosity in Japan,” in The Sea and the Sacred in Japan: Aspects of Maritime Religion, edited by Fabio Rambelli, 181-199. London Translation: “Lyricism, the Veneration of Feeling, and Narrative and New York: Bloomsbury, 2018. Techniques in the Poetry Talks of the Southern Society,” by Lin Hsiang-ling. Frontiers of Literary Studies in China, vol. 12, no. 2 Professional Activities (2018): 324–350. In 2017-2018 Rambelli was the Director of the UC Education Abroad Book Review: On Cold Mountain: A Buddhist Reading of the Program Tokyo Study Center and Visiting Professor at International Hanshan Poems, by Paul Rouzer. Journal of the American Oriental Christian University, Tokyo. He organized a panel and presented Society, vol. 138, no. 3. at the European Association of Japanese Studies (Lisbon, August 2017), was the keynote speaker at the United Kingdom Association Professional Activities for Buddhist Studies (Bristol, June 2018), and gave invited talks at the University of Pennsylvania (April 2018), Kokugakuin University In February 2018, Mazanec convened an international conference (Tokyo, July 2018), Tohoku University (Sendai, August 2018), and on digital humanities and classical Chinese literature at UCSB, Jahawarlal Nehru University (Delhi, August 2018). In addition, he called “Patterns and Networks in Classical Chinese Literature: organized (together with Abe Yasurō of Nagoya University and Or Notes from the Digital Frontier,” which was supported by grants Porath, advanced graduate student in Religious Studies, UCSB) the from many centers and departments on campus, as well as the internal conference “The World of Abhiseka” (UCSB, May 2018), Forum on Chinese Poetic Culture. In his first year at UCSB, Mazanec where he also presented a paper and gave a public performance also gave numerous conference presentations on early genres on the shō (see Shinto Studies page below). of Chinese verse, an invited talk at Stanford University on poetry and debt in Tang China, and participated in “Philology and the He participated in documentaries on Japanese religions and culture Study of Classical Chinese Literature: An International Symposium on Okinoshima island (Unesco world heritage site) produced by on the Future of Sinology in the 21st Century” at the University of Fukuoka TV, on Japanese religiosity by Canadian director Philippe Colorado, Boulder, as well as the “Second Conference on Middle Desrosiers, and a NHK (Japanese national TV) documentary Period Chinese Humanities” at Leiden University. program on Shinto (episode on Ono Terusaki Shrine in Tokyo on gagaku music practice).

Fabio Rambelli Rambelli continues to serve as member of the board of directors of the International Shinto Studies Association, as series editor of the Selected Publications Bloomsbury Shinto Studies book series (five books published until now), and as member of the editorial board of prestigious book Facets of “Shinto” in the series and academic journals in the field. Muromachi Period, edited by Fabio Rambelli. Special issue of Since September 1, 2018, Rambelli is the new Chair of the The Journal Japanese Religions, Department of Religious Studies at UCSB. Rambelli continues no. 42, 2017 to work on a new research project on the role of music in the Japanese religious tradition, with special focus on Gagaku and The Sea and the Sacred in Japan: Bugaku (imperial court music and dance); he has been studying Aspects of Maritime Religion. the shō (a unique mouth organ) at Ono Gagakukai, one of the first Edited by Fabio Rambelli. London independent Gagaku academies at One Terusaki Shrine in Tokyo and New York: Bloomsbury, 2018. under Maestro Bunno Hideaki, former Director of the Gagaku Orchestra at the Imperial Household Agency and Living National “The Myth of the South Indian Iron Treasure of Japan. Stupa (Nanten tettō) in Japanese Esoteric Buddhism.” International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Dominic Steavu-Balint Culture, 27/2, (December 2017), 71-88. Selected Publications “Shintō as a ‘World Religion’: A Muromachi Construct and Its Aftermath,” in Facets of “Shinto” in the Muromachi Period, edited “Orthodoxie et pluralisme dans la médecine chinoise.” Études by Fabio Rambelli. Japanese Religions, n. 42 (2017), 107-132. chinoises 36.2 (2018): 46–81

18 Department of East Asian Languages and Cultural Studies “The Marvelous Fungus and The Secret of Divine Immortals.” (Beijing) & De Gruyter Mouton Micrologus 26 (2018): 353–83. (Berlin, Germany). 2018.

Kuo-Ch’ing Tu “Second Language Acquisition and Contact-induced Changes Selected Publications in the History of the Chinese Language” (co-authored), in Guang she chenfang yuanzhao Language Contact in the History wanxiang: Du Guoqing de shiqing of the Chinese Language, Trends shijie (The Poetic World of Tu Kuo- in Chinese Linguistics, Vol. 1. The ch’ing: A Collection of 301 Creative Commercial Press (Beijing) & De Poems in Chinese). Taipei: National Gruyter Mouton (Berlin, Germany). Taiwan University Press, September 2018: 197-217. 2017. “Theory and Fact—A Study of the Translated Buddhist Sutras of “Foreword to the Special Issue on the Medieval Period from the Perspective of Language Contact” in Pai Hsien-yung,” Taiwan Literature: Language Contact in the History of the Chinese Language, Trends English Translation Series, No. 40, in Chinese Linguistics, Vol. 1. The Commercial Press (Beijing) & De July 2017, vii-xxx. Gruyter Mouton (Berlin, Germany). 2018: 1-15.

“Foreword to the Special Issue on Selected Presentations Animal Writing in Taiwan Literature,” Taiwan Literature: English Translation Series, No. 41, January 2018, Invited two-day lecture: “Language Contact in China.” Department pp.vii-xviii of Chinese Language and Literature, Chonbuk National University, Republic of Korea. 2017. Selected Presentations and Professional Activities Xiaowei Zheng Conference on “English Translation and Publication of Taiwan Literature: in Celebration of the Twentieth Anniversary of the Selected Publications Journal Taiwan Literature: English Translation Series” organized by the Graduate Institute of Taiwan Literature, National Taiwan The Politics of Rights and the University, held on July 1, 2017 with 12 papers delivered plus a 1911 Revolution in China. symposium composed of five scholars on the prospect of Taiwan (Stanford: Stanford University literature in English translation. I delivered a keynote speech of the Press, 2018). conference on “Subjectivity and Translation of Taiwan Literature.” Review for Minghui Hu International Conference on Tu Kuo-ch’ing’s Works: Poetic and Johan Elverskog, eds. Sentiments and Poetic Views. December 9-10, organized by the Cosmopolitanism in China, Graduate Institute of Taiwan Literature, National Taiwan University, 1600-1950. Frontiers of Literary 45 participants with 15 papers delivered plus two roundtable Studies in China (forthcoming in discussions of Tu Kuo-ch’ing’s literary activities as a scholar, poet 2018). and translator. I delivered a keynote speech titled: “Confession of a Mask: the Real and Unreal World of Poetry.” “State of the Field: Rethinking the Taiping Civil War,” Frontiers Mayfair Yang of History in China 13.2 (June 2018): 167-173. Selected Publications “China’s Political Paradox.” Blogpost: http://stanfordpress. “Gendered Words: Sentiments typepad.com/blog/2018/04/chinas-political-paradox.html (17 April & Expression in Changing Rural 2018). China by Fei-wen Liu,” book review, American Anthropologist, vol. 119, Selected Presentations no. 2, 378-79. During the 2017-18 academic year, Zheng gave talks at UCLA, USC, “Guanxi (China),” encyclopedia Waseda University, the University of Tokyo and elsewhere. article in The Global Encyclopedia of Informality, ed. Alena Ledeneva (University College London Press), 75-79.

Selected Presentations

During the 2017-18 academic year, Yang gave talks at UCSD, the University of Antwerp, Utrecht University, and elsewhere.

Hsiao-jung Yu

Selected Publications

Languages Contact in the History of the Chinese Language (co- editing), Trends in Chinese Linguistics, vol. 1, The Commercial Press

University of California, Santa Barbara, Fall 2018 19 The Politics of Rights and the 1911 Revolution in China by Xiaowei Zheng

Stanford University Press, 2018

Xiaowei Zheng’s new monograph, The Politics of Rights and the 1911 Revolution in China, explores the ideas that motivated the revolution, the popularization of those ideas, and their animating impact on the Chinese people at large. The following is a blog entry Zheng recently contributed to the Stanford University Press blog. It is reproduced with the press’s permission. The original may be viewed at https://stanfordpress.typepad.com/blog/2018/04/chinas-political-paradox.html.

China’s Political Paradox groups had been laboring for years to bring down the Qing, The hallmark tensions in Chinese politics today first took a critical question still remains: Why did the Qing collapse so shape in the 1911 Revolution. utterly in a mere four months’ time after an impressive 267 years of rule? Not so long before the 1911 Revolution, the by Xiaowei Zheng Qing dynasty had weathered the years-long Taiping Rebel- lion (fought from 1850 to 1864) that likewise aspired to un- In the winter of 1911, legendary revolutionary leader Sun seat the Manchu government from power. It was one of the Yat-sen returned to China after years of exile and found the bloodiest wars in human history and the single largest con- country in the grip of a sweeping transformation. Between flict of the nineteenth century, and yet the Qing emerged October 10, when junior officers in the Hubei New Army victorious. What changed in the intervening fifty-odd years mutinied in Wuchang, and November 22, when the Sichuan that left the imperial government so vulnerable to defeat in constitutionalists declared independence from the Qing, 1911? fourteen provinces had severed their ties with the government of the Manchu dynasty. A contemporary observer, contrasting the loyalty of officials and gentry during the Taiping Rebellion with their complete Political elites throughout China were defecting from the lack of loyalty in the 1911 Revolution, offered this insight: court en masse. Among the most influential were the constitutionalists from Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, who When Wuchang was lost [during the Taiping Rebellion], proposed a plan for uniting all of the southern forces into from the provincial governor, treasurer, and surveillance one polity under the banner of republicanism. It was they commissioner, to the prefect and the magistrate, all of- who initiated the truce between the Qing Beiyang Army and ficials in the city committed suicide. Countless gentry the revolutionary armies in Wuchang, elected the southern and commoners followed suit. This signified merely that delegates to negotiate with the northern leader Yuan Shikai, the officials knew the meaning of a righteous death, promoted Sun Yat-sen as the first provisional president of and the gentry and commoners repaid the officials with the republic, and penned the abdication edict for the Qing gratitude. Because so many people had died for justice, court. order was easily restored after the Taiping Rebellion. To- day, however, we have heard too many stories of officials This edict, which claimed that “the power to govern is now and gentry running away and too few stories of them transferred to all in the country (tongzhiquan gongzhu quan- dying for justice. This is an immeasurable disgrace to guo)” and that “a constitutional republic is now the state the dynasty. system of our country (gonghe lixian guoti),” signaled the end of the monarchy and the birth of the Chinese republic. As noted by this observer, order was so quickly restored af- This seismic political shift was premised on the belief that ter the Taiping Rebellion because so many people—officials, “republicanism had been accepted by public opinion (yulun) gentry, and commoners—had been willing to die because in China,” and the constitutionalists looked to the federalist of their faith in the old regime. In 1911, by contrast, faith in system of the United States as their model, vowing to “im- the old regime was nowhere to be found. The betrayal by mediately emulate the United States of America in calling the political elites explains the speed and ease with which upon a national convention, regarding it as our temporary the dynasty fell, and also reveals the extent to which the authoritative legislature.” old forms of legitimacy had lost their power. For the end of the Qing signaled not just the end of a dynasty but also Clearly, 1911 was a major rupture in Chinese politics, and the collapse of the old political system and the emergence while Sun Yat-sen and other anti-Manchu revolutionary of new ways of thinking about the very nature of govern-

20 Department of East Asian Languages and Cultural Studies ment. Between 1860 and 1911, something fundamental had Nevertheless, if we view the political transformation in 1911 changed in Chinese political values, ideas, and culture, and in the longer timeframe of twentieth-century Chinese revolu- that change deeply informs the question of how and why the tions, we see that the concept of rights was a paradigm shift revolution took place. that began among the elite but continued to gradually take root in the broader population. That shift laid the foundation In The Politics of Rights and the 1911 Revolution in China, I for the subsequent popular revolutions in twentieth-century sought to provide the first comprehensive study of the po- China. It is precisely the emphasis on equality and popular litical culture of the 1911 Revolution, which witnessed the sovereignty that deepened the revolution’s hold on Chinese emergence of new rhetoric and unprecedented political society, leading to the ultimate success of the Communist mobilization that included mass media, demonstrations, and mass movement. A consistent theme running through con- public meetings, all used to expeditious effect in confront- stitutional reform, the 1911 Revolution, the Campaign to ing the Manchu government. This new rhetoric emphasized Defend the Republic, the Nationalist Revolution, the Com- “rights,” both political and economic rights, and was closely munist Revolution, and finally, the Cultural Revolution, was linked to the notion of the sovereignty of the polity, that is, a claim that “the people are the masters of the nation.” For “the people as the masters of the nation.” This newly emer- many political leaders and activists, ideas about the people’s gent political culture was enabled by the political elite—the rights and sovereignty were central to the values and expec- constitutionalists in particular—but it took definitive shape tations that shaped their intentions and actions. In many only in the midst of revolution, when it was given voice and ways, the 1911 Revolution inaugurated China’s modern era: form by a larger political class, which was itself molded by it was through this revolution that modern Chinese politics its responses to the new discourse. By the end of the de- came into being. cade of revolution, more Chinese had learned a new set of political repertoires: competing ideologies challenged the traditional cosmology of order and harmony; propaganda became associated with political purpose; and mass mobilization became an effective means of conducting politics.

The 1911 Revolution has left an enduring but paradoxical legacy. The revolutionary process created a new, democratic political culture in which popular sovereignty and republicanism were indisputable political principles. However, it failed to build a viable, constitutional state. To begin with, Chinese constitutionalists had their own understanding of constitutionalism. For them, constitutionalism was a means to achieve popular sovereignty. It was aimed not at establishing a limited government but at strengthening state power, on the condition that the state would be led by them, or that sovereignty would lie with them. During the revolution, while claiming to represent the people, these leaders’ exercise of power was often unlimited and oppressive, and the valori- zation of “public opinion” spawned further scrambles for public office, with all contenders maintaining that they “em- bodied the people.” Key constitutional concepts of “sep- aration of powers” and “limited government” were never implemented in any serious fashion. Impassioned public opinion rather than careful institutional design became the main mechanism for realizing political change.

This tension between the resilience of republican rhetoric and the failure of constitutional practice, which grew out of the 1911 Revolution, is still the very hallmark of Chinese politics to this day. Despite a succession of eleven central government constitutions written between 1908 and 1982, Chinese constitutions have not carried actual authority, the rule of law has yet to gain real purchase in the political system, and officials exercising governmental powers have not been amply bound to observe the limitations on power that are set out in the ostensibly supreme, constitutional law.

University of California, Santa Barbara, Fall 2018 21 Report from the Shinto Studies Chair

Fabio Rambelli

Shinto Studies at UCSB is now firmly established as one of the most vibrant and innovative platforms for studying the Shinto tradition in its multiplicity outside Japan. Directed by Fabio Rambelli, Professor of Japanese Religions and Cultural History and International Shinto Foundation Endowed Chair in Shinto Studies, since 2010 it counts five full-time PhD students working on various aspects of the Japanese religious tradition, who are pursuing their research directions with a number of faculty members from a wide range of disciplines and methodologies. The Shinto Studies Chair at UCSB is always looking for promising your scholars for admission to the PhD program at UCSB, either in Religious Studies or in East Asian Studies.

In addition to co-sponsoring two postdoc scholars at UCSB for 2017-18 (Andrea Castiglioni, PhD Columbia University) and Carina Roth (PhD University of Geneva), and contributing to a number of Japan-related initia- tives by various agencies on campus, the Shinto Studies Chair organized the large international conference titled “The World of Abhiṣeka: Consecration Rituals in the Buddhist Cultural Sphere—Kanjō no sekai” 灌頂の世界：仏教文化圏における通過儀礼の思想と実践 at UCSB on May 7th and 8th, 2018.

The Sanskrit term abhiṣeka (Japanese kanjō) refers to a vast set of rituals originally performed for the initiation and consecration of adepts to particular aspects of Buddhist teachings and ranks in the monastic hierarchy, especially in Tantric/Esoteric Buddhism (Japanese mikkyō 密教) . In medieval Japan, Buddhist kanjō became perhaps the most important templates for initiations and consecrations of any kind, not only within Buddhist institutions (which created many new such rituals), but also and especially in the fields of the arts, crafts, and professional disciplines (from poetry composition to music practice, from martial arts to agriculture to the interpretation of ancient Shinto texts). The conference presented a vast selection of such Japanese rituals, their theoretical foundations and socio-historical background. Scholars from cultural traditions outside Japan (India, Tibet, China) also presented about the place of abhiṣeka rituals in their respective traditions. It was a way to establish a conversation among scholars working on different aspects within the larger Buddhist cultural sphere, a step toward overcoming the traditional insularity of their respective traditions.

Presenters included: Abe Yasurō (Nagoya University, keynote speaker), Ryuichi Abe (Harvard University), Mori Masahide (Kanazawa University), Lucia Dolce (SOAS), Paul Groner (University of Virginia), Tomishima Yoshiyuki (Kyoto University), Kawasaki Tsuyoshi (Shujitsu University), Adam Krug (Colorado College), Itō Satoshi (Ibaraki University), Unno Keisuke (National Institute of Japanese Literature), Susan Klein (University California, Irvine), Inose Chihiro (Nagoya University), Chikamoto Kensuke (Nagoya University), in addition to Fabio Rambelli, Or Porath, Andrea Castiglioni, David White, and Dominic Steavu from UCSB.

The conference was organized by the UC Santa Barbara Shinto Studies Chair and the Nagoya University Re- search Center for Cultural Heritage and Texts (CHT), and co-sponsored by UC Santa Barbara’s Department of Religious Studies, Department of East Asian Languages and Cultural Studies, the Dalai Lama Chair, and the East Asia Center. There are plans to publish revised versions of the conference papers in an edited volume in the near future.

22 Department of East Asian Languages and Cultural Studies Interview with Fabio Rambelli

Fabio Rambelli, International Shinto Foundation Endowed hand, and the idea that Shinto embodies and represents the Chair of Shinto Studies and current Chair of the Department essence of Japanese culture in deeply nationalistic terms. of Religious Studies, returned to Santa Barbara this year after In addition, the association between Shinto (well, a certain serving as the Director of the University of California Tokyo version of it) and the authoritarian, imperialist regime in Ja- Study Center. EALCS graduate student Kaitlyn Ugoretz sat pan in the first half of the twentieth century, has also been a down to interview Rambelli and discuss his recent achieve- strong obstacle to critical scholarship. ments, including his new book—The Sea and the Sacred in Japan: Aspects of Maritime Religions—along with upcom- My idea to create an academic series dedicated to the study ing projects. of Shinto is an attempt to question these three assumptions. The books I have been publishing are all original, innovative Ugoretz: Good evening, Rambelli. I am honored to have the studies that contribute to a new image of Shinto as a mul- opportunity to ask you a few questions about your most re- tifarious, polycentric, diverse, and creative tradition, always cent achievements in the field of Japanese Religions. Begin- open to and in conversation with outside ideas and ways of ning your studies in Italy, you are now one of just a handful of life. Several authors are now working on monographs that leading scholars outside of Japan to chair a program dedi- they would like to see published in the series, and I am look- cated to Shinto studies. What prompted you to focus your ing forward to new developments in the study of Shinto and research on Japanese religion and Shinto in particular? Japanese religions in general.

Rambelli: Since high school, I was attracted by philosophi- Ugoretz: I understand that the most recent volume added cal questions and different ways to look at the world. When to the series this July, The Sea and the Sacred in Japan: As- I decided to enter the Department of Japanese Studies at pects of Maritime Religion, is the first book to focus on the the University of Venice in Italy, the possibility to discover role of the sea in Japanese religions. The sea makes up an alternative ways of looking at reality, and at the same time integral part of the Japanese archipelago’s geography and the possibility to experience a different way of life in Japan, coastal life. Why hasn’t there been a major scholarly work on was the main motivation behind that decision. the subject before, and how does the singular focus of your edited volume add to the field? Initially, I was attracted by Buddhist thought—not so much “beliefs” we normally associate with Buddhism, but rather Rambelli: The lack of sufficient focus on the sea in the study the ways in which various Buddhist authors conceived of lan- of Japanese culture in general, and religion in particular, guage, communication, the nature of reality, and how they has always puzzled me since my undergraduate years. My explained what happens in the world (in terms of karma and teacher in Venice, Massimo Raveri, was an expert in moun- so forth). Zen Buddhism was very popular at the time, but I tain religions (Shugendō), and so was my predecessor here was fascinated by Esoteric Buddhism, especially in the ver- at UCSB, Allan Grapard. Since the beginning of my study sion espoused by the Shingon tradition, for the richness of of Japanese culture, I was repeatedly exposed to the idea its semiotic systems. I should also tell you that I was very that mountains are central to the Japanese worldview. While interested in semiotics, and I even sat in some classes by their importance cannot be denied, one cannot ignore that Umberto Eco, who was teaching in Bologna. the sea also constitutes a major component of the Japanese religious landscape. Gradually, I realized that a major aspect of Japanese Bud- dhism was the attention it gave to local cults, and how many authors tried to reconcile the Buddhist teachings with the ancient Japanese myths and Chinese thought; that prompted me to begin my exploration of the history of the Shinto tradition.

Ugoretz: You began publishing the first scholarly series on Shinto outside of Japan just two years ago in 2016. Since then, the series has expanded to include five volumes and continues to grow. Can you describe for us your original vi- sion of the series and how it has developed since then?

Rambelli: While working on the history of the Shinto tradition, I noticed the lack of a real academic discipline of Shinto studies in the West, a lack that is motivated essentially by three main reasons, namely, the idea that Shinto is not a “religion” but simply a “tradition” or “way of life” on the one University of California, Santa Barbara, Fall 2018 23 There are many reasons why the Japanese, and scholars today, it was extremely influential until the mid-nineteenth in particular, have turned away from the sea. For example, century, to the point that it shaped a common understand- emphasis on rice cultivation as a determining factor of ing of the gods separate from Buddhist interpretations that Japanese identity (which was in turn related to early mod- had been circulating in Japan for many centuries. The ar- ern Confucian economic views), a sense of cultural isolation ticles in the special issues all explore aspects of experimen- (fostered mostly in the modern period), and industrialization tation and innovation—in written and visual representations (which most affected the coastal areas with reclamation proj- of the gods, in the creation of new gods, and in the ways ects and construction of industrial sites, roads and railways in which these newly created understanding of Shinto are along the coasts). placed in relation with other religious traditions (Buddhism, Confucianism, Christianity, etc.) in the later Muromachi pe- For my edited volume, which results from a conference I or- riod and later. ganized here at UCSB in 2016, I asked many scholars from various countries to think about the role of the sea from the Ugoretz: Over the past few decades, the field of Shinto stud- perspectives of their own academic research trajectory, and ies has grown tremendously. How do you envision the future the results have been, in my opinion, quite outstanding. We of Shinto studies outside of Japan and as a whole? have found alternative cosmologies, important sea deities, Rambelli: In the past several years, Shinto studies has grown sea-related rituals, and more generally, a novel role for the in close collaboration between Japanese and non-Japa- sea as the site of sacredness. I really hope that this book nese scholars, and I see this tendency growing even more. will become a starting point for new and exciting lines of I see old texts being rediscovered and studied, and already research. known texts being subjected to new scrutiny from new perspectives. The complexity and diversity of Shinto in modern Ugoretz: In addition to publishing a new work in your series, and contemporary Japan will also be studied more in depth. this year you organized an international and interdisciplinary conference on Japanese consecration rituals with UCSB’s I plan to continue collaborative work in conferences and ed- own PhD candidate Or Porath. What can we expect to learn ited volumes, by bringing together scholars to explore new from the upcoming conference publication? directions and phenomena. In particular, I have begun a new research project on gagaku (the music of the imperial court Rambelli: Consecration rituals are widespread among all cul- of Japan) and its role in religious ceremonies in premodern tures that have been influenced in a significant way by Bud- and contemporary Japan. In this way, I can bring together dhism. In premodern Japan, Buddhist consecration rituals my old passion for music with my interdisciplinary academic (which in fact originate in ancient Brahmanical ceremonies interests. from India) became the templates for a number of rituals used for the transmission of knowledge, status, and pres- Ugoretz: Thank you very much for this fascinating window tige. In the conference, as well as in the book we are plan- into your research. ning with Or Porath, we plan to accomplish two things: to present a wide range of such Japanese ceremonies that are still not well-known outside of Japan, and to place them in a broader Asian perspective. I very much believe in this type of comparative endeavor, in which the study of transformations of common elements in different cultural contexts can offer important heuristic contributions to deeper understanding.

Ugoretz: You’ve surely been busy, as you have also edited a special issue of a journal on Shinto in the Muromachi period this past year! What is characteristic or distinctive of Shinto during this period?

Rambelli: In the past few years, I have decided to work more and more on blind spots and missing links in existing studies of Japanese religious traditions. The role of the sea is one them, as is the Shinto tradition in the Muromachi period. The Muromachi period is an era of great transformations and bold experimentations on all cultural levels; it is the time when ancient and early medieval traditions and forms are questioned, transformed, and ultimately, abandoned, and many people attempted to create new systems of sym- bols and modes for practice. In an important way, Shinto as we know it today is a product of the Muromachi period, in the form of the so-called Yoshida Shinto. Almost forgotten

24 Department of East Asian Languages and Cultural Studies Interview with EALCS Japanese Major Xueyi Wang, Class of 2018

Xueyi Wang is a graduate of the class of 2018. She recently spoke with EALCS chair Katherine Saltzman-Li about her experiences in the department and her life since graduation.

Saltzman-Li: Congratulations on your graduation last June! How is post-college life so far?

Wang: I started my business this January, so I got on to my project as soon as I got back to Shanghai. Since July, I have also started a part-time job as an English writing tutor and another as a piano teacher. Now I can afford the cost of my project (so far mainly spent on technical development) with the income from my part-time jobs.

In the meantime, I still spend considerable amounts of time on my hobbies. I go to my painting teacher’s studio once a week to study watercolor. Generally speaking, I am a bit busy now but I Xueyi in Kobe, 2019 think I am still adjusting to post-graduation life. I am consider- and I found them to be related in many ways. This is very exciting going to business school for an MBA in the future (probably ing to me because I am very much interested in how civilizations 3-4 years from now). But it really depends on how my business are connected, although they can be very distant and distinct. goes. This also relates to my interest in Japan. In the long history of China, the governmental and nongovernmental diplomatic re- Saltzman-Li: Please tell us about your business. lationship to Japan is one of the most important ones that the Chinese people have had. It’s valuable to me to study Japan as Wang: My business, which I founded while at UCSB, has two an avenue toward understanding China. Also, in the US, these parts. The first is a project-based online platform where artists studies are seldom politicized. Yet, sometimes I am puzzled by can find other artists to cooperate with. It will be open and free average young people’s ignorance about WWII history, no mat- to all artists. This platform is special because it does not place ter whether Chinese or American. limits on the kind of art. So a painter can find a composer to complete an integrated art project, including both painting and Besides Japanese, I majored in psychology as well. I learned music, for example. about different theories of human behavior and why people engage in certain behaviors. The shared realm of my two seem- Another function we’re developing is also a web-based plat- ingly distinct interests is my interest in human beings. I am very form. Here one can post one’s need for a customized work of curious about what culture means to people. Is it divisive? How art. For example, one can order a song and specify what to in- much impact does one’s culture have on a person? I don’t think I clude. We will make a system to recommend artists to our cus- came to any conclusions but I learned how to think about them. tomers according to their preferences and projected costs; or This is the main reason for me to really appreciate my double they can invite artists they like for the task. We charge the artist major experience at UCSB. a service fee at a fixed rate (at this point, we are imagining a 10-20% rate) and adjust it according to customers’ responses. Saltzman-Li: Are there other reasons you decided to choose As an artist myself, I want this platform to be enjoyable and a major in EALCS? Has your major with us contributed to the meaningful for everyone. work you’re doing now and/or the goals you’ve set yourself?

Saltzman-Li: You graduated having studied several languages Wang: I started learning Japanese by myself in middle school. at UCSB, modern and classical, and a range of coursework in At first, I just wanted to be able to read manga and bbs in Japa- different departments. You also chose more than one major. nese so I could see the updates faster. But later, my interest in Tell us about this approach to college and being a double ma- Japanese culture made my self-learned Japanese insufficient jor, especially with one major from EALCS. and I started to feel that my knowledge about Japan was really too narrow and too shallow. I have a long list of favorite class- Wang: Studying multiple languages can be tough, but I found it es that I took in the department. One was EACS 218: Transla- quite interesting and helpful in many ways. It’s also a good way tion in Theory and Practice with John Nathan. I applied for this to know different kinds of people. For example, after learning graduate seminar. It was very challenging because it required Latin, I improved my English in both vocabulary and grammar. a lot of background knowledge, but it was a very impressive I did not have the chance to study ancient Greek, but I think it course both with regards to its design and the materials that would have been useful as well. Sanskrit is thought to be related to Latin and ancient Greek. I studied both Sanskrit and Latin, Continued on page 31. See Xueyi Wang.

University of California, Santa Barbara, Fall 2018 25 Conference Report: Patterns and Networks in Classical Chinese Literature: Notes from the Digital Frontier

On February 9–10, 2018, UCSB hosted “Patterns and Networks in Classical Chinese Literature: Notes from the Digital Frontier,” an international conference organized by Thomas Mazanec.

The conference brought together a coalition of twelve sinologists from North America, Europe, and Asia who specialize in literary studies, linguistics, computer science, and history. The goal was simple: to highlight some exemplary ways in which the digital humanities are being applied to the study of classical Chinese literature. The presenters used a wide range of digital sources and methods in their work, but, rather than focus on theory or methodology, they provided concrete case studies that offered new insights driven by digital tools and databases. The presentations did not just promise to open up new avenues of inquiry but represented tangible efforts to make good on that promise. They put forth bold conclusions about the history of traditional Chinese literary culture, showing how those technologies can help support and extend the traditional concerns of philology and literary studies: to re-examine classical literary texts within the contexts of their production, reception, and circulation.

Though bad weather in the midwest and sluggish consulates abroad threatened turnout, the conference nevertheless featured two days of lively discussion. The eleven presentation were organized into panels on bibliography, rhetoric, language choices, text reuse, and social networks. Using both pre-existing software and new tools designed by the presenters, they showed the ways the abundantly textualized premodern Chinese literary tradition is ripe for digital analysis. Their studies demonstrated that such tools can make strong contributions to all manner of literary research—not only in the macroanalysis of large corpora and social-geographic networks, but also in the microanalysis of linguistic allusions and phonetic patterns.

In addition to the panels, the conference featured a keynote by Michael Fuller (UC Irvine) on the philosophical roots of the digital humanities in German philology, as well as a concluding roundtable discussion on common themes, problems, best practices, and future developments in the emerging field of digital sinology.

Papers from the “Patterns and Networks” conference were collected, reviewed, and revised for inclusion in a special issue of the Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture, titled Digital Methods and Traditional Chinese Literary Studies, edited by Thomas Mazanec, Jeffrey Tharsen (University of Chicago), and Jing Chen (University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign), published in 2018.

The conference received external sponsorship from the Forum on Chinese Poetic Culture and internal sponsorship from the Interdisciplinary Humanities Center, the College of Letters & Science, Humanities and Fine Arts, the Center for Taiwan Studies, the East Asia Center, the Center for Information Technology and Society, and the Departments of East Asian Lan- guages & Cultural Studies, Comparative Literature, Linguistics, and History.

26 Department of East Asian Languages and Cultural Studies Interview with Wona Lee

After a brief absence, UCSB’s Korean language program is language proficiency is perceived by participants who back and thriving under the auspices of Wona Lee (Ph.D. constitute learning through interaction. In particular, my 2018, UCSB). As the popularity of the hallyu phenomenon dissertation focused on bilingual teachers’ perceived seems to grow on a global scale, Lee met with EALCS Ph.D. proficiencies of students in a Korean/English Two-Way Im- student Keita C. Moore to discuss the present and future of mersion (TWI) program. By analyzing classroom interaction Korean Studies at UCSB. data and in-depth interviews with two teachers about four first-grade focal students, I found that the teachers focused Moore: Welcome to EALCS... is what I would say had you on academic language and knowledge—rather than com- not already been an honorary, integral member of the municative competence—in evaluating students’ language department up until this point! Given your long experience proficiencies in both Korean and English. with language pedagogy, as both a researcher and educa- tor, how has teaching Korean been so far? Moreover, I observed that teachers’ perceived proficiencies influenced turn-taking practices during Korean instructional Lee: It’s been a valuable experience for me as a teacher time when both teachers expressed their insecurities about and researcher. When I started my Ph.D. training in the Ed- teaching content in Korean. Consequently, the teachers ucation Department at UCSB, I never thought I would have operationalized their perceived proficiencies of their stu- an opportunity to teach Korean here. Although language dents and their own to make pedagogical decisions during education is my specialty, previously no Korean classes Korean instructional time in a Korean-English TWI program, were being offered at UCSB and so I was enormously grate- where both teachers and students with varying proficiency ful for this opportunity. Along with my personal excitement, levels interact with each other to teach and learn content in I was overwhelmed by the fact that many students were ac- Korean. tually waiting for Korean classes. When we listed Korean 1 last year, there were more than 60 students on the waitlist! Although the data for my dissertation were from an el- I tried to accommodate as many students as possible and ementary school setting, I began to pay attention to how ended up with 31 students. I perceived the proficiency of students in the Korean class in EALCS. In order to expand the range of my perceptions, Although I do have teaching experience, this was different. I have been trying to develop various new ways of assess- When I taught Korean at San Diego State University, where ing proficiency. If I can evaluate my students in a compre- I did my master’s in applied linguistics, most of the students hensible way by using four areas—speaking, listening, spoke English as their dominant language. So I got used to reading, and writing—I think I will be able to have a fuller teaching Korean to English native speakers. Throughout my understanding of their abilities. Based on my teaching previous experience, I was able to learn what kinds of dif- experience, I am aware that students can exhibit strength in ficulties and challenges students might face while learning different areas from the very start. Therefore, it’s extremely Korean. However, UCSB students’ linguistic backgrounds important for me to have a well-balanced perceived profi- are more diverse. Moreover, I recognized that it’s quite ciency of my students. challenging to access students’ perspectives when teaching Korean language and culture. I share their experience Moore: That sounds like it would be very helpful for stu- as an active learner, so I can sympathize with their perspec- dents, particularly those who have a higher communicative tives without much difficulty when teaching content classes. competency and a lower academic one. Do you think that However, as a native speaker who was born and raised in working in the department will help inspire further research Korea, I found it difficult to fully grasp Korean language in this vein? learners’ perspectives in terms of the challenges they might encounter throughout their learning process. As I got to Lee: I am currently interested in the effectiveness of learn- know students with various linguistic and cultural back- ing management systems such as GauchoSpace. It’s hard to grounds last year, my dissertation writing became more implement different assessment tools in a large language meaningful for both my teaching and my research. class. This is why I use GauchoSpace to evaluate my students. Last year, I created online quizzes with audio/video Moore: That’s quite interesting, that your encounters with attachments. For example, students listen to my recorded more varied linguistic backgrounds would inspire your dis- Korean words and match them with the correct spelling sertation research. Could you speak a little bit more to what when they learn Hangul, the Korean alphabet. Gaucho- you have been working on and how it relates to teaching Space not only produces the grades but also analyzes Korean? student performance. So I can see which question makes my students stumble the most without having face-to-face Lee: Basically, learning can take place through interactions interaction. This enabled me to figure out what I need to of both teacher-learner and learner-learner. Teachers play emphasize in the classroom. Students can also upload au- a critical role in language classes because they are only dio or video recordings of peer conversations or skits when ‘experts’ when considering the ultimate goal of language we don’t have enough time for everyone in the classroom. learning, namely to achieve a close-to-native proficiency. It’s been beneficial for me in managing a large class with Teachers are commonly considered the only class partici- 33 students this year, too. However, I also wonder if it’s ef- pants who can produce the correct target language. Stu- fective for students’ learning process. Because of this, I’m dents come with various proficiency levels even in the very thinking about a systematic way to evaluate the effective- first beginners’ class. Therefore, I attempted to examine ness of GauchoSpace for various assessment methods. teachers’ perceived proficiency of students and how this perception influences teaching and learning practices. Moore: That sounds fascinating—let us know what you find out! Thank you for sharing your experience. I adopted the concept of perceived proficiency, i.e., that

University of California, Santa Barbara, Fall 2018 27 Center for Taiwan Studies

K. C. Tu, Director CTS had many highlights during the 2017-2018 academic countries and regions has proved to be an exemplary subject year. Key among them were the guest lecturers invited for within the context of global colonial and post-colonial stud- the winter quarter course Chinese 138b: Special Topics in ies. Transnational cultural studies in the post-colonial East Taiwan Studies and a conference on social movements in Asia context, with a focus on Taiwan and its cross-cultural China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Korea. interactions with other parts of East Asia, has thus attracted considerable scholarly attention in recent years. This year’s As part of the Chinese 138 series, the Center for Taiwan conference built upon our ongoing efforts to pursue Taiwan Studies invited James Gerien-Chen, Columbia University, to Studies in relationship to diverse contexts and perspectives speak on “Colonial Taiwan and the Japanese Empire: His- through the lens of sociology. tory and Historiography.” Tse-min Lin, University of Texas at Austin, spoke on “The Prisoner’s Dilemma and Taiwanese In this vein, the four panels “Resistance, Sparks, Beginnings,” Films.” Shawna Yang Ryan, University of Hawaii at Manoa, “Movement Shifts,” “Repression & Right Turns,” and “Iden- spoke on “Narratives of Taiwan in the United States.” Terry tities & Representations” were held. Participants included Russell, University of Manitoba, gave two lectures on “Indig- Kuo Ch’ing Tu (Center of Taiwan Studies, Department of enous People in Taiwan.” Andrew Morris, Cal Poly, San Luis East Asian Languages & Cultural Studies, UCSB), Jia-Ching Obispo, talked about “Anti-Communist Righteous Men (反 Chen (Department of Global Studies, UCSB), Ching-Kwan 共義士): PLA Defectors to Taiwan, 1960-1977.” Lien Pei-te, Lee (Department of Sociology, UCLA), Wang Dan (indepen- University of California, Santa Barbara, lectured on “Iden- dent scholar, leader of the Chinese Democracy Movement, tity and Citizenship Education in Taiwan” and Nancy Guy, and founder of a China Democracy Think Tank in the US), University of California, San Diego, gave a presentation on “Music and Environmental Awareness in Taiwan.” Youngju Ryu (Department of Asian Languages and Cultures, University of Michigan), Ho Fung Hung (Department of So- On May 31 and June 1, 2018, CTS sponsored a conference ciology, John Hopkins University), Eli Friedman (Department on the theme of Social Movements in Postcolonial East Asia, of International and Comparative Labor, Cornell University), titled “Spring Comes Around Again: Social Movements in Anthony Spires (Centre for Contemporary Chinese Stud- Postcolonial East Asia.” Jia-Ching Chen of UCSB, Eli Fried- ies, University of Melbourne), Hwa-Jen Liu (Department of man of Cornell University, and Shawna Yang Ryan of the Uni- Sociology, National Taiwan University), Hae Yeon Choo (De- versity of Hawai’i helped determine invitees and panels. partment of Sociology, University of Toronto), Jin Hee Kim (American Studies, Kyung Hee Cyber University), Paul Amar (Department of Global Studies, UCSB), Evans Chan (director of Raise the Umbrella), Mingsho Ho (Department of Soci- ology, National Taiwan University), Namhee Lee (Asian Lan- guages & Cultures, UCLA), Maggie Clinton (Department of History, Middlebury College), Edmund Cheng (Government and International Studies De- partment, Hong Kong Baptist University), Sherene Seikaly (Department of History, UCSB), Mark Harrison (Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Tasma- nia), Mei Wa Lo (Kong Kong poet).

Publications

CTS provided editorial assistance for Taiwan Literature: Eng- lish Translation Series: Issue 40, “Special Issue on Pai Hsien- young” (July 2017), and Issue 41, “Special Issue on Animal Writing in Taiwan Literature” (January 2018), which were co-published by the US-Taiwan Literature Foundation and National Taiwan University Press with the goal of promot- ing Taiwan Literature in English translation and of providing Kuo-ch’ing Tu gave opening remarks emphasizing CTS’s role teaching materials much needed in the field. in contributing to Taiwan scholarship, as well as acknowledg- ing recent contributions from the field at large to East Asian Other Activities Organized by CTS scholarship. Many Asian countries or regions, including Tai- wan, Korea, Hong Kong, and the Southeast Asian countries On October 6, 2017, CTS co-sponsored a lecture on “Disag- went through a distinct historical process as they transi- gregating the East Asian Developmental State Model: tioned from colonial rule to developed modern societies after World War II. The impact of colonial imperialism on those Contiued on page 31. See Taiwan Studies. 28 Department of East Asian Languages and Cultural Studies Interview with Jessica Nakamura, Assistant Professor, Department of Theater and Dance, and EALCS Affiliate

Conducted by Rebecca Wear, Ph.D. student in the Department of Theater and Dance.

Wear: You recently completed your first year at UCSB. How has the transition been?

Nakamura: It’s been great! Along with Theater and Dance, my home department, EALCS welcomed me with open arms. There are a number of Japan specialists at the university in multiple departments, so I find myself having exciting, interdisciplinary conversations. These connections have already led to projects that I never thought I would have worked on before I arrived here. For instance, thanks to an invitation from Kate Saltzman-Li, Andrea Castiglioni, and Carina Roth, I’m writing an article about Butoh dancer Murobushi Ko’s in- spiration in the yamabushi ascetic figure.

Wear: I understand your current research project is based on Jessica Nakamura your dissertation. Can you tell me a bit about it and how it has grown to its current state? Nakahashi), book chapters, and my in-progress book manuscript, Transgenerational Remembrance: Responsibility, Per- Nakamura: Yes, my current research project began as my dis- formance, and the Asia Pacific War. The book examines a sertation at Stanford University—actually, I had my initial idea number of performances about topics that were previously for it as a seminar paper in my first year there. I wrote about ignored or underrepresented before the contemporary peri- the work of Nakahashi Katsushige, a Japanese sculptor who od, including Japanese imperialism, “comfort women” mili- creates life-sized World War II plane replicas out of photo- tary sex slaves, and the Battle of Okinawa. Developing the graphs. He begins with a small plastic model of an airplane dissertation to a book manuscript is its own long, involved and takes thousands of photographs with a macro-lens. The process, where it transforms from a document read by four artwork starts in the gallery space, where Nakahashi invites people—the dissertation committee—to a document read volunteers to tape together sections of the plane and talk by a larger audience. For me this meant honing the argu- about their family’s experiences of the war. I was curious that ment, expanding artistic and historical contexts, and devel- Nakahashi, several generations removed from the war, initi- oping the manuscript’s theoretical framework. ated this dialogic process, and that he ended his exhibitions by burning the life-sized plane replica. Nakahashi’s work Wear: You recently returned from a trip to Japan. Where were raises questions about the relationship between younger you and what kind of work were you seeing/doing there? generations in Japan—those born in the economically pros- perous postwar period—and the war’s legacy. Nakamura: I was in Tokyo, mostly at Waseda University’s Tsubouchi Memorial Theatre Museum—where I took the Notably, Nakahashi does not engage with the past by ad- accompanying picture. I spent most of my time conducting dressing empirical evidence or “objective fact,” issues cen- initial research for my second book project about represen- tral to contentious public debates about WWII remembrance tations of the domestic on the Japanese stage from the early in the contemporary period in Japan (1989-present). At this 20th century to the present. Western realistic plays—most time, survivors of Japanese aggression testified about their notably Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House—appeared in transla- experiences, but conservatives in Japan refuted their testi- tion in Japan in the early 1900s. At the same time, public monies on the basis that there is little to no official, writ- discourses grabbled with concepts of private, public, the ten documentation ordering war crimes, including military citizen, and individual, ideas heavily inspired by Western no- violence against civilians and sexual slavery. After further tions of civilization, democracy, and nation. Theatrical real- investigation, I discovered several theater makers and per- ism shifts the attention in Japanese theater to the domestic, formance artists who reconnected with the war past in vari- and I am interested in the role these staged representations ous ways, all privileging performance’s ephemerality and de- had in shaping larger societal ideas of home, individual, and emphasizing traditional modes of historical documentation. family. And, I’m curious how later portrayals of the domestic onstage in the postwar and contemporary periods may Research into this topic has produced several articles (one on Continued on page 32. See Jessica Nakamura.

University of California, Santa Barbara, Fall 2018 29 Interview with Cori Montgomery, Director of the Humanities and Social Sciences Building Administrative Support Center (HASC)

Cori Montgomery is a fourth-generation resident of Santa Barbara, and graduated from UCSB with a degree in Sociology and Art History. She joined HASC in June 2017, after 18 years on campus. Her previous positions include Health Professions Advisor in the College of Letters & Science, Undergraduate Advisor and Financial Analyst for the Department of Religious Studies, and management positions for the Global & Inter- national Studies Program, the Department of Music, and the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics. She sat down for a short conversation with Sabine Frühstück.

Frühstück: HASC supports four very different departments, namely Classics, Religious Studies, History, and East Asian Languages & Cultural Studies. In your role as Director, you collaborate with four department chairs and manage 17 staff members who handle these departments’ finances, academic advising, academic personnel, technical support, and a range of other administrative duties. What do you find to be the most challenging aspects of your position? What are the most rewarding?

Montgomery: Joining HASC has been a unique experience. I’ve had the opportunity to learn the ins and outs of four departments and one administrative unit, instead of just one department/unit. Getting to know each department’s individual business practices, governance processes, research and instructional needs, graduate students, and faculty has been an absolute pleasure. It’s also been a great honor to work with such an interesting, dedicated, and hardworking staff of 17. I have the best job on campus. Cori on one of her international adventures at Wat Phra Frühstück: What made you choose the university over the cor- Singh in Chiang Mai, Thailand porate world?

Montgomery: While pursuing my undergraduate degree it became clear that I wanted to work in higher education and contribute to the educational and research mission of a great university. I’ve been fortunate to have such a fulfilling career here at UCSB where I’ve made close friends and worked for departments that have exposed me to numerous fascinating topics.

Frühstück: How do you like best to relax and recharge?

Montgomery: In my free time I enjoy hiking the local trails, heading to the beach with my two teenagers, participating in sporting events, go on road trips, and travel internationally.

Frühstück: Thank you so much for your insights and leadership!

30 Department of East Asian Languages and Cultural Studies Confucius Institute challenging. They forced me to think from different perspec- Continued from page 14. tives, especially as I was learning through a second language. I sometimes feel that English has forced me to come out of my world, such as Beth Digeser, Brice Erickson, and Peter Wells shell in a good way and to see and to more self-consciously provided valuable discussion and commentary. think about others and myself too. Saltzman-Li: What was your experience as an international stu- On April 23rd, we organized another Chinese language dent in the department and at UCSB? competition to commemorate the United Nation’s “Chinese Language Day.” Students gave speeches in the Chinese Wang: Generally speaking, I think UCSB is a great place, di- language on such topics as “My Favorite City,” “My Study verse and respectful toward all kinds of populations. A couple Trip to China,” and “Famous Historical Personages in of times I felt discriminated against or stereotyped but I don’t Chinese History.” think UCSB was to blame. My friends and professors at UCSB all helped me to get through these hard times, and they were On May 17th, we invited Richard von Glahn from the UCLA always supportive of my feelings. History Department to give a lecture titled “Twelfth to I had an excellent experience in EALCS. As an international Fourteenth Century Commercial and Cultural Exchange student, and maybe because many Chinese students are inter- between China and Japan.” We were glad to have so many ested in all kinds of EALCS classes, I always felt respected and UCSB faculty show up for the discussion. von Glahn also welcome to share my knowledge and opinions. All the profes- met separately with a few Ph.D. students who are interested sors I had courses with in this department are nice and warm. in the history of Sino-Japanese religious and economic This is very important to me, because after all, I was thousands interactions. of miles away from home.

Furthermore, the Confucius Institute organized our third Saltzman-Li: Thank you so much Xueyi. It was wonderful hav- year of summer school in China, held July 14-August 1, ing you as a student in EALCS. All best wishes for your exciting 2018. Eighteen UCSB students embarked on this exciting trip that included three days visiting the sites in Beijing, Taiwan Studies Continued from page 28 then two weeks of Chinese language and cultural studies at Shandong University, a visit to Qufu, Confucius’ hometown, Are South Korea and Taiwan Siamese Twins or Kissing Cous- and a two-day visit to Shanghai. Upon their return in the ins?,” organized by the Department of Political Science, Fall Quarter 2018, the students can receive course credit UCSB. On February 9, 2018, CTS co-sponsored a conference for their study by enrolling in Chinese 180 and turning in on “Patterns and Networks in Classical Chinese Literature: a written assignment and giving an oral class presentation. Notes from the Digital Frontier,” organized by Tom Ma- The two weeks at Shandong University, including instruction, zanec. On February 16, 2018, CTS supported a Lunar New accommodations, domestic transportation, and meals were Year party for students in the EALCS Chinese Language covered by the Office of Hanban in Beijing. Program, organized by Bella Chen in collaboration with the Taiwanese Student Association at UCSB. On May 24, 2018, Finally, the Confucius Institute also awarded a travel grant CTS was delighted to support a Dumpling Party for 50 stu- to Henning von Mirbach, a Ph.D. candidate in History of Art dents in the EALCS Chinese Language Program, organized & Architecture Department, for archival research and study by Jennifer Hsu. of paintings and calligraphies by the 17th-century Chinese painter Fa Ruozhen at the Cleveland Museum of Art and the New York Metropolitan Museum.

Xueyi Wang Continued from page 25. were presented. I loved Sabine Frūhstūck’s Japanese 162: Representations of Sexuality in Modern Japan. Her course was so rich in materials and opinions. I also liked the course design very much. Gregory Hillis taught me EACS 21: Zen Buddhism. Greg is really cool and knows Tibetan and Sanskrit. I later started learning Sanskrit with him just because of his dense and interesting way of instruction. Finally, Japanese 181: Classical Japanese, with you (Katherine Saltzman-Li) opened another world for me, namely classical Japan. It was quite challenging but worth taking.

Talking about the value of my Japanese major, I think it lies more in how I improved as a person than in the knowledge I Lunar New Year’s celebration obtained. Classes in the Japanese major are always diverse and

University of California, Santa Barbara, Fall 2018 31 Taiwan Studies and Chinese Language Undergraduate scholar in my work on performance and politics. I kept my Awards artistic practice fairly separated from my scholarly interests until a couple of years ago, when I translated and directed Family Portrait, a play by Japanese contemporary director/ playwright Matsui Shu, at my previous job at University of Nevada, Reno. I found myself approaching the play in different ways than I would reading or seeing it; this opened up several lines of inquiry that I hope to pursue when I write about Family Portrait as part of my next research project. Family Portrait was also a great pedagogical experience because my old department hosted Matsui for an artist talk and playwriting workshop.

Wear: I had the pleasure of taking a graduate seminar on Performance Historiography with you this past winter. What other courses, undergraduate or graduate, would you like to teach here?

Nakamura: There are so many I want to teach! I’m excited about the courses I’m teaching this year—a graduate seminar on Critical Theory and Performance, an undergradu- UCSB language faculty and language award winners ate lecture course on Asian Theater, both in the fall, and a course on Performance and Politics in Contemporary East The Center for Taiwan Studies was able to support under- Asia in the Winter. I’m looking forward to the last course be- graduate students who want to pursue studies in Taiwan cause I’ll be bringing a video and performance artist, Kondo and the Chinese language. With the joint efforts of Chinese Aisuke, to UCSB during the Winter, and I’ll incorporate some language instructors Jennifer Hsu and Bella Chen, we were of Kondo’s visit events into the syllabus. pleased to announce the UCSB recipients for the 2017 Min- istry of Education Huayu Enrichment Scholarship. Two UCSB Two courses I want to teach in the near future are an un- students were selected: Megan Julia Ikea and Dasha Ha Mi dergraduate course on Japanese Theater, where I combine Depew. CTS also offered Taiwan Studies Undergraduate artistic practice with critical inquiry. For instance, when we Awards for excellence in coursework in Chinese language learn about Noh’s historical development, we will also learn acquisition and for outstanding research papers. These the form’s style of walking. I taught a similar course at Uni- awards are intended to encourage excellent undergradu- versity of Nevada, Reno, and artistic exploration made the ates to continue their interest in Taiwan-related studies in forms come alive for the students. Another course I want to the future. In 2018, CTS recognized eight students with the teach is a graduate seminar on Asian Performance Theory. CTS Award: Kelly Giang, Wendy Zanker, Angelica Ruiz (all The seminar will investigate the long history of performance first-year), Kennard Petters (first-year NH track), Heather theory writings from Asia, from the Indian Natyasastra and Wang (second year), Aidan Powers-Riggs, Esme Brumer Zeami’s Noh treatises to contemporary theorizations by (third year), and Kandra Polatis (fourth year). Asian scholars. Nonwestern performance forms were vital in the development of Western experimental theater and per- Jessica Nakamura formance, but nonwestern critical writings have long been Continued from page 29. ignored in scholarship; this course is one way for me to bring these traditions into scholarly conversation. reiterate or challenge these past ideas. My work at Wase- da was to assess what was out there, so I spent lots of time among books and viewing videos in Waseda’s amazing collection—a welcome, air-conditioned break from the heat this July!

Wear: What are the forms your past artistic work has taken, and how has it informed your contemporary scholarship?

Nakamura: In college, I wanted to be a director, and I hold a Masters in Fine Arts from University of Hawaii Manoa in Asian Theater with an emphasis on directing. When I approached directing a show, I was interested in theater’s relationship to its audience: the many ways theatrical style works to develop meaning and how the audience might understand meaning. I would say that I’m interested in these same questions as a

32 University Department of California, of East AsianSanta Languages Barbara, Fall and 2018 Cultural Studies Become a Friend of EALCS Newsletter Subscriptions: Please contact Please add my name to the mailing list of the Katherine Saltzman-Li [email protected] Department of East Asian Languages & Cultural Studies Editors: William Fleming Sabine Frühstück I would like to be notified of EALCS events Layout & Design: Tony Chabolla I would like to receive the EALCS e-newsletter

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