DOCSLIB.ORG

Unbinding the Japanese Novel in English Translation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Department of Modern Languages Faculty of Arts University of Helsinki UNBINDING THE JAPANESE NOVEL IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION The Alfred A. Knopf Program, 1955 – 1977 Larry Walker ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Arts of the University of Helsinki, for public examination in Auditorium XII University Main Building, on the 25th of September at 12 noon. Helsinki 2015 ISBN 978-951-51-1472-3 (paperback) ISBN 978-951-51-1473-0 (PDF) Unigrafia Helsinki 2015 ABSTRACT Japanese literature in English translation has a history of 165 years, but it was not until after the hostilities of World War II ceased that any single publisher outside Japan put out a sustained series of novel-length translations. The New York house of Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. published thirty-four titles of Japanese literature in English translation in hardcover between the years 1955 to 1977. This “Program,” as it came to be called, was carried out under the leadership of Editor-in-Chief Harold Strauss (1907-1975), who endeavored to bring the then-active modern writers of Japan to the stage of world literature. Strauss and most of the translators who made this Program possible were trained in military language schools during World War II. The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the publisher’s policies and publishing criteria in the selection of texts, the actors involved in the mediation process and the preparation of the texts for market, the reception of the texts and their impact on the resulting translation profile of Japanese literature in America, England and elsewhere. The theoretical backdrop is built around the distinction of product, process and function viewed through developments in the sociology of translation. This includes Bourdieu’s constructs of habitus and capital, and the Actor-Network Theory applied to the translations under discussion, as well as Thornber’s concept of literary contact nebulae in settings of less steeply inclined hierarchical relations. An examination of Japanese to English translations investigates the trends and practices which developed in the early decades following the forced opening of Japan. This background provides insight into influences which carried over to the translations in the Program under study. The dissertation draws upon empirical materials from the Knopf archives housed at The Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas at Austin, including correspondence between the authors, the editor and the translators. My own personal interviews and personal correspondence with the translators involved, autobiographies, and memoirs add to the archival records. Peritextual and epitextual data help to trace the events and the actions of the actors involved during this period of Japanese literature in English translation, as well as assist with an investigation into the reception and legacy of the texts. The findings help to clarify the policies and criteria employed at a major publishing firm. The role of the editor and authors in the translation process is explored in perhaps more detail than available in previous reports, as are the roles of the translators and the writers. Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus and capital complement the notion of following the actors in Actor-Network Theory. Materials obtained from a translator and interviews with others add a qualitative perspective supported by Thornber’s conception of literary contact nebulae. Other findings indicate that the Knopf translations have a larger circulation in Japan than in the English-language markets. The source culture Japan maintains its own subcultures and discourse communities which focus on these translations. Moreover, a number of the Knopf publications have proven more profitable in European languages. The long tail sales of the Knopf translations in paperback, augmented by improved printing technology, have kept these works in print and in classrooms to this day. These findings point to new areas of investigation. The Knopf firm, led by Harold Strauss, was the most active publisher worldwide in this time-restricted period when these English translations were published for the general reader and later inscribed as text and research materials in the university curriculum of the then-nascent fields of Japanese studies and comparative literature. Keywords: Japanese literature in English translation, habitus, capital, Actor-Network Theory, transculturation, translation history i ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................... i TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................... ii-v CONVENTIONS, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS & LIST OF TABLES .................................... vi 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ........................................................................................... 4 2.1 Bourdieu ................................................................................................................................ 7 2.1.1 Bourdieu’s notion of habitus ........................................................................................... 8 2.1.2 Bourdieu’s notion of capital ............................................................................................ 8 2.2 Transculturation ................................................................................................................. 10 2.3 Actor-Network Theory (ANT) .......................................................................................... 12 2.4 On Bourdieu and Latour ................................................................................................... 13 3. RESEARCH QUESTIONS, METHODOLOGY AND MATERIALS ............................... 15 3.1 Research Question 1 ........................................................................................................... 15 3.2 Research Question 2 ........................................................................................................... 16 3.3 Research Question 3 ........................................................................................................... 17 3.4 The Data Examined ............................................................................................................ 18 3.4.1 Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. Archives ..................................................................................... 18 3.4.2 First- and second-person accounts ................................................................................ 19 3.4.2.1 Interviews with translators active in the Knopf Program ....................................... 20 3.4.3 Memoirs and autobiographies, biographical materials and other interviews ................ 20 3.4.4 The Published Translations of the Knopf Program ....................................................... 21 3.4.5 Miscellaneous Materials ................................................................................................ 21 4. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF JAPANESE LITERATURE IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION....................................................................................................................... 22 4.1 Overview of Japanese Literature in English Translation ............................................... 22 4.1.1 Early translation ............................................................................................................ 23 4.1.2 Early works ................................................................................................................... 24 ii 4.1.2.1 The primary role of English ................................................................................... 25 4.1.2.2 Directionality and the tension amongst practitioners ............................................. 26 4.1.2.3 Team translation, camouflaged collaboration and retranslation ............................ 28 4.1.2.4 Translation, international relations and language prestige ..................................... 28 4.1.2.5 Adaption and domestication ................................................................................... 29 4.1.3 The emergence of the Japanese novel in English translation ........................................ 30 4.1.4 A summary of the Japanese novel in English translation before World War II with special reference to aspects of translation relevant to the study ................................... 36 4.2 Postwar Discourse on Japanese Literature in English Translation .............................. 38 5. ANALYSIS OF THE STUDY DATA PART I - THE LAUNCH ........................................ 46 5.1 The House of Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. .................................................................................. 47 5.1.1 Editor-in-chief Harold Strauss ...................................................................................... 49 5.1.2 Strauss’ early activities and contacts ............................................................................. 51 5.2 Strauss’ Pre-Launch Promotional Articles ...................................................................... 57 5.3 The Debut Titles ................................................................................................................. 60 5.3.1 Homecoming (1955) .....................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Yukio Mishima, the Unambiguous, and Myself: Living Through a Writer’S Legacy*

    Yukio Mishima, the Unambiguous, and Myself: Living Through a Writer’S Legacy*

    Advances in Literary Study 2013. Vol.1, No.4, 50-53 Published Online October 2013 in SciRes (http://www.scirp.org/journal/als) http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/als.2013.14012 Yukio Mishima, the Unambiguous, and Myself: Living through a Writer’s Legacy* Larry Johnson Department of English, Wake Technical Community College, Raleigh, NC, USA Email: [email protected] Received July 21st, 2013; revised August 25th, 2013; accepted October 14th, 2013 Copyright © 2013 Larry Johnson. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attri- bution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The recent release by Criterion on DVD of Paul Schrader’s film Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters (1985) and Mishima’s own film Patriotism (1965) has caused the author of this essay to reconsider his relation- ship with the late Japanese writers’ books and literary legacy. Believing that these fine films’ presence on DVD will stimulate much renewed discussion of Mishima both in the US and Japan, the author recalls his first discovery of Mishima’s existence shortly after his famous suicide in 1970, reading and responding to his literary output, and prodding famous authors such as Tennessee Williams and Cormac McCarthy for their thoughts on Mishima’s influence. The author’s two poems about Mishima are included to illustrate his changing inner perceptions of the internationally famous writer and the (now-fading) adverse reaction to his work in Japan caused by his politics and his virtually public suicide. Keywords: Mishima; Japanese Literature Many readers probably remember that Yukio Mishima (1925- girls (Piven, 2004: p.
  • WOMEN WRITERS in JAPANESE LITERATURE, 900-1900 a Bibliography of Translations and Studies the Bibliography Below Is Divided Into

    WOMEN WRITERS in JAPANESE LITERATURE, 900-1900 a Bibliography of Translations and Studies the Bibliography Below Is Divided Into

    WOMEN WRITERS IN JAPANESE LITERATURE, 900-1900 A Bibliography of Translations and Studies The bibliography below is divided into a list of translations and a list of secondary sources. Like the list of Genji translations and studies, it is intended to be comprehensive and thus contains some items that I would not recommend to my students. I should be glad to remedy errors or omissions. The bibliography is restricted to publications in English; I apologize for this limitation. GGR, September 2016 A. Translations At the House of Gathered Leaves: Short Biographical and Autobiographical Narratives from Japanese Court Literature, trans. Joshua S. Mostow. University of Hawai’i Press, 2004. →Contains an introduction and annotated translations of the following texts by women: The Takamitsu Journal (ca. 962), Collected Poems of Hon’in no Jijū (ca. 972), and The Diary of Lady Ise (mid tenth-century). Fujiwara Michitsuna no haha, Kagerō nikki (ca. 974). 1. Trans. Edward G. Seidensticker, The Gossamer Years: A Diary by a Noblewoman of Heian Japan. Tuttle, 1964. 2. Trans. Sonja Arntzen, The Kagerō Diary: A Woman’s Autobiographical Text from Tenth-Century Japan. Center for Japanese Studies, The University of Michigan, 1997. Sei Shōnagon, Makura no sōshi (ca. 993-1001). 1. Trans. Arthur Waley, The Pillow-book of Sei Shōnagon. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1928. Rpt. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1929. 2. Trans. Ivan Morris, The Pillow Book of Sei Shōnagon. 2 vols. Oxford University Press, 1967. Rpt. Penguin Classics, 1971. 3. Trans. Meredith McKinney, The Pillow Book. Penguin Classics, 2006. →See also Valerie Henitiuk, Worlding Sei Shōnagon: The Pillow Book in Translation.
  • Chamberlain's “Bashō and the Japanese Poetical Epigram.”（Leonard）

    Chamberlain's “Bashō and the Japanese Poetical Epigram.”（Leonard）

    Chamberlain's “Bashō and the Japanese Poetical Epigram.”（Leonard） Chamberlain's “Bashō and the Japanese Poetical Epigram.” Julian LEONARD Introduction Despite the current popularity of haiku, and the status it enjoys within world literature, the early translators of Japanese literature did not see it as a pre-eminent literary form or as quintessentially representative of the indigenous culture. Basil Hall Chamberlain (1850-1935), who was one of the foremost of the early British Japanologists, was typical in this respect. Chamberlain had established his academic reputation with translations of the Japanese classics. His translation of the Kojiki was published by the Asiatic Society of Japan (ASJ) in 1878 and this was followed in 1880 by Classical Poetry of the Japanese, published by Truebner as part of their series of Oriental literature. However, this anthology of classical literature did not include any mention of haiku. Instead, it included only selections from the Manyōshū and Kokinshū, as well as four Noh plays, which Chamberlain referred to as Lyric Dramas. The omission of haiku (then most commonly referred to as hokku or haikai) can be put down to two factors: one was that haiku was generally seen by the Japanese themselves as having a lower literary status than tanka or kanbun (Yamashita 124); the other was its extreme brevity, consisting of only 17 syllables. George Aston (1840-1920) another eminent British Japanologist and member of the ASJ put the matter in a nutshell as early as 1877 in his A Grammar of the Japanese Written Language. In this work Aston offered a brief description of haikai uta (haiku) together with three examples of verse, but he was highly skeptical of the genre’s literary worth.
  • Japanese Literature Quiz Who Was the First Japanese Novelist to Win the Nobel Prize for Literature?

    Japanese Literature Quiz Who Was the First Japanese Novelist to Win the Nobel Prize for Literature?

    Japanese Literature Quiz Who was the first Japanese novelist to win the Nobel Prize for Literature? ① Yasunari Kawabata ② Soseki Natsume ③ Ryunosuke Akutagawa ④ Yukio Mishima Who was the first Japanese novelist to win the Nobel Prize for Literature? ① Yasunari Kawabata ② Soseki Natsume ③ Ryunosuke Akutagawa ④ Yukio Mishima Who was the second Japanese novelist to win the Nobel Prize for Literature? ① Yasushi Inoue ② Kobo Abe ③ Junichiro Tanizaki ④ Kenzaburo Oe Who was the second Japanese novelist to win the Nobel Prize for Literature? ① Yasushi Inoue ② Kobo Abe ③ Junichiro Tanizaki ④ Kenzaburo Oe What is the title of Soseki Natsume's novel, "Wagahai wa ( ) de aru [I Am a ___]"? ① Inu [Dog] ② Neko [Cat] ③ Saru [Monkey] ④ Tora [Tiger] What is the title of Soseki Natsume's novel, "Wagahai wa ( ) de aru [I Am a ___]"? ① Inu [Dog] ② Neko [Cat] ③ Saru [Monkey] ④ Tora [Tiger] Which hot spring in Ehime Prefecture is written about in "Botchan," a novel by Soseki Natsume? ① Dogo Onsen ② Kusatsu Onsen ③ Hakone Onsen ④ Arima Onsen Which hot spring in Ehime Prefecture is written about in "Botchan," a novel by Soseki Natsume? ① Dogo Onsen ② Kusatsu Onsen ③ Hakone Onsen ④ Arima Onsen Which newspaper company did Soseki Natsume work and write novels for? ① Mainichi Shimbun ② Yomiuri Shimbun ③ Sankei Shimbun ④ Asahi Shimbun Which newspaper company did Soseki Natsume work and write novels for? ① Mainichi Shimbun ② Yomiuri Shimbun ③ Sankei Shimbun ④ Asahi Shimbun When was Murasaki Shikibu's "Genji Monogatari [The Tale of Genji] " written? ① around 1000 C.E. ② around 1300 C.E. ③ around 1600 C.E. ④ around 1900 C.E. When was Murasaki Shikibu's "Genji Monogatari [The Tale of Genji] " written? ① around 1000 C.E.
  • Soseki's Botchan Dango ' Label Tamanoyu Kaminoyu Yojyoyu , The

    Soseki's Botchan Dango ' Label Tamanoyu Kaminoyu Yojyoyu , The

    "Botchan" Exhibition List of Works the 30 June - the 2nd September 2018/The Museum of Arts, Ehime ※Exhibition Period First Half: the 30th Jun sat.-the 29th July sun/Latter Half: the 31th July Tue.- 2nd Sep. Sun Artist Title Piblisher Year Collection Credit ※ Portrait of NATSUME Soseki 1912 SOBUE Shin UME Kayo Botchans' 2017 ASADA Masashi Botchan Eye 2018' 2018 ASADA Masashi Cats at Dogo 2018 SOBUE Shin Botchan Bon' 2018 MISAWA Atsuhiko Cat 2018-01 2018 MISAWA Atsuhiko Drawing - Portrait of Soseki 2018 MISAWA Atsuhiko Painting - White Heron 2018 MISAWA Atsuhiko Painting - Camellia 2018 MISAWA Atsuhiko Painting - Portrait of Soseki 2018 MISAWA Atsuhiko Portrait of Soseki 2018 MISAWA Atsuhiko Painting - Sabi-Neko in Green 2018 MISAWA Atsuhiko Painting - Sabi -Neko at Night 2018 MISAWA Atsuhiko Painting - Sabi -Neko with Blue Sky 2018 MISAWA Atsuhiko Painting - Turner Island 2018 MISAWA Atsuhiko Painting - Pegasus 2018 MISAWA Atsuhiko Drawing - Sabi -Neko 1 2018 MISAWA Atsuhiko Drawing - Sabi -Neko 2 2018 MISAWA Atsuhiko Painting - Sabi -Neko in White 2018 MISAWA Atsuhiko Cat 2013-03 2013 MISAWA Atsuhiko Cat 2002-02 2002 Takahashi Collection MISAWA Atsuhiko Cat 2014-02 2014 MISAWA Atsuhiko Cat 2006-04 2006 Private ASADA Masashi 'Botchan Eye 2018' Collaboration Materials 1 Yen Bill (2 Bills) Bank of Japan c.1916 SOBUE Shin 1 Yen Silver Coin (3 Coins) Bank of Japan c.1906 SOBUE Shin Iyotetsu Railway Ticket (Copy) Iyotetsu Original:1899 Iyotetsu Group From Mitsu to Matsuyama, Lower Class, Fare Matsuyama City Matsuyama City Dogo Onsen after 1950 3sen 5rin , 28th Oct.,1888 Tourism Office Natsume Soseki, Botchan 's Inn Yamashiroya is Iwanami Shoten, Publishers.
  • Article Title: Edward Said and the Japanese: British

    Article Title: Edward Said and the Japanese: British

    ISSN: 1500-0713 ______________________________________________________________ Article Title: Edward Said and the Japanese: British Representations of Japan in the Years Before the Sino-Japanese War Author(s): Stephen Smith Source: Japanese Studies Review, Vol. XV (2011), pp. 109 - 127 Stable URL: https://asian.fiu.edu/projects-and-grants/japan- studies-review/journal-archive/volume-xv-2011/smith-edward- said-and-the-japanese-ii.pdf ______________________________________________________________ EDWARD SAID AND THE JAPANESE: BRITISH REPRESENTATIONS OF JAPAN IN THE YEARS BEFORE THE SINO-JAPANESE WAR Stephen Smith Sheffield Hallam University, UK Japan is a great empire with a most ancient and elaborate civilization, and offers as much novelty perhaps as an excursion to another planet!1 Emphasizing the novelty of Japan whilst simultaneously praising the country and its people was a recurrent feature in many of the texts written by British travelers to Japan in the years before the Sino-Japanese War. Authors never seemed to tire of providing diverting, and often amusing, examples of the ways in which the two countries differed. In an entry on “Topsy-turvydom” in his miniature encyclopedia of Things Japanese, the eminent Japanologist Basil Hall Chamberlain clearly relished imparting such amusing facts as “[w]hen building a house, the Japanese construct the roof first” and “strangest of all, after a bath the Japanese dry themselves with a damp towel!”2 For some authors, it was their avowed intention to record for posterity the peculiarities
  • Faubion Bowers and Theatre Censor- Ship in Occupied Japan

    Faubion Bowers and Theatre Censor- Ship in Occupied Japan

    Books The Man Who Saved Kabuki: Faubion Bowers and Theatre Censor- ship in Occupied Japan. By Shiro Okamoto. Translated and adapted by Samuel L. Leiter. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2001; 210 pp. $40.00 cloth, $17.95 paper. A half-century has passed since the end of the American Occupation of Ja- pan. Although much has been written about that period, until recently schol- ars ignored (or were unaware of) hundreds, perhaps thousands, of file boxes stacked somewhere in the darkened corridors of Washington, DC. These doc- uments form a rich archive of information about theatre censorship during the Occupation. While we await the results of research being conducted by Japa- nese theatre scholar James Brandon and by Michael Cassidy, a doctoral student at the University of Pittsburgh writing his dissertation on “The Propaganda Picture Show: Kamishibai during the U.S. Occupation of Japan,” we can get a peek of what lies inside by reading Samuel L. Leiter’s translation and adap- tation of Shiro Okamoto’s remarkable The Man Who Saved Kabuki: Faubion Bowers and Theatre Censorship in Occupied Japan (originally published in 1998). Despite the title, the book is not so much a hagiography (though it is that, too) as a history of the complex interplay between the psychology of a defeated na- tion and its occupying conquerors. We are reminded of General Douglas Mac- Arthur’s absolute belief in his own infallibility and his draconian, paternalistic, often Orientalist ideas, such as his famous dictum that Japan was a nation of 12-year-olds. MacArthur’s goal—that is, the goal of the Occupation itself, for like Louis XIV, MacArthur and the State were one—was nothing less than a total reversal of 2,000 years of Japanese thinking, accomplished through the imposition of American-style “democracy.” Kabuki (all male, filled with de- votion to duty, vendettas, ritual suicide, prostitution, etc.) seemed to embody the feudalistic elements that the Occupation was determined to sweep away.
  • ACADEMIC ENCOUNTER the American University in Japan and Korea R

    ACADEMIC ENCOUNTER the American University in Japan and Korea R

    ACADEMIC ENCOUNTER The American University in Japan and Korea r ACADEMIC ENCOUNTER The American University in Japan and Korea By Martin Bronfenbrennet THE FREE PRESS OF GLENCOE, INC. A division of the Crowell-Collier Publishing Co. New York t BUREAU OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL RESEARCH Michigan State University f East Lansing, Michigan I Copyright@ 1961 BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY East Lansing, Michigan Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 61-63703 i t , PREFACE • This study of some 18 American university affiliations with Japanese and Korean institutions is a small part of a larger study of the American university overseas. The larger study l is undertaken by the Institute for Research on Overseas Pro­ grams at Michigan State University. What is said here about programs in Japan and Korea can be compared with what other staff members of the Institute have saidabout programs in other countries, particularly other Asian countries such as India and !t Indonesia. , Many believe with ex-President Eisenhower that the American university should expand its foreign affiliations as a contribution t to economic and cultural reconstruction and development over­ seas, and to better international understanding between America and other countries. In this view, university affiliations are an j important type of "people to people" contacts across national boundaries. Others believe that the American university should f concentrate its limited manpower and resources on the domestic job it does best, and reduce the scale of its commitments abroad. Part of the decision (or compromise) between these viewpoints should be based on a knowledge of what the existing international programs are in fact attempting or accomplishing.
  • 2013-14 Annual Report

    2013-14 Annual Report

    East Asian Studies Program and Department Annual Report 2013-2014 Table of Contents Director’s Letter .....................................................................................................................................................................1 Department and Program News .............................................................................................................................................3 Department and Program News ........................................................................................................................................3 Departures .........................................................................................................................................................................4 Language Programs ...........................................................................................................................................................5 Thesis Prizes ......................................................................................................................................................................6 EAS Department Majors .................................................................................................................................................. 6 EAS Language and Culture Certificate Students ..............................................................................................................7 EAS Program Certificate Students ....................................................................................................................................7
  • El Colegio De México EL MERCADO DE IDOL VARONES EN JAPÓN

    El Colegio De México EL MERCADO DE IDOL VARONES EN JAPÓN

    El Colegio de México EL MERCADO DE IDOL VARONES EN JAPÓN (1999 – 2008): CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA OFERTA A TRAVÉS DEL ESTUDIO DE UN CASO REPRESENTATIVO Tesis presentada por YUNUEN YSELA MANDUJANO SALAZAR en conformidad con los requisitos establecidos para recibir el grado de MAESTRÍA EN ESTUDIOS DE ASIA Y ÁFRICA ESPECIALIDAD JAPÓN Centro de Estudios de Asia y África 2009 ÍNDICE INTRODUCCIÓN……………………………………………………………………. 3 I. FENÓMENO IDOL EN JAPÓN Y OBJETO DE ESTUDIO………………... 14 1. Desarrollo general de la industria idol……………………………………. 14 2. Definición de idol………………………………………………………… 18 3. La compañía Johnny’s Jimusho………………………………………….. 22 4. Arashi…………………………………………………………………….. 31 II. ESTRATEGIAS DE DESARROLLO DEL MERCADO IDOL…………….. 36 1. Primera etapa: Base junior, reclutamiento y formación…………………. 37 2. Segunda etapa: Lanzamiento y consolidación de mercado………………. 46 3. Tercera etapa: Diversificación y expansión de mercado…………………. 58 III. SITUACIÓN ACTUAL DEL MERCADO DE IDOL VARONES………….. 68 1. El dominio idol dentro de la industria musical en Japón…………………. 69 2. Fin del monopolio y cambio de estrategias en el mercado de idol varones en Japón……………………………………………………………………… 75 CONCLUSIONES……………………………………………………………………. 84 REFERENCIAS………………………………………………………………………. 88 ANEXOS……………………………………………………………………………… 98 1 NOTA SOBRE EL SISTEMA DE ROMANIZACIÓN UTILIZADO En el presente estudio se utilizará, para los términos generales y los nombres de ciudades, el sistema de romanización usado en el Kenkyusha’s New Japanese – English Dictionary (3ra y ediciones posteriores). En el caso de nombres propios de origen japonés, se presentará primero el nombre y luego el apellido y se utilizará la romanización utilizada en las fuentes originales. Asimismo, es común que los autores no utilicen el macron (¯ ) cuando existe una vocal larga en este tipo de denominaciones.
  • Recommended East Asian Core Collections for Children's, High

    Recommended East Asian Core Collections for Children's, High

    DOCUMENT RESUME ED lfb 021 IR002289 AUTHOF. Scott, William H.p 0., Ed,. TITLE s Recommended EastALsian Core Collections for Children's, High School, Public, CommunityCollege .,. and tndergraduate College Libraries. INSTITUTION East Asian Bibliographic Group. PUB DATE 74 L, NOTE 19615 EDPS PRICE t6-$0.76 HC-$9.51 Hips POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS *Audiovisual Aids; *BibliogFaphies; Books; College Libraries;'Films; Filmstrips;. Fine Arts; Junior College Libraries; *Library Collections;Library Material Selection; Periodicals; PublicLibrries; School libraries; University Libraries IDENT:FIERS China; *East Asia; Japan; Korea; Mongolia ABSTRACT A basic buying list forlibraries seeking to develop their Far East holdings is given in thisbibliography. Over 1700 items include published material up to1973--books, periodicals, films, filmstrips, tapes, and phonographrecotds"pertaining to China, Formosa, Japan, Korea, Mongoliaand Tibet. 'The items are 'arranged geographically with topicalsubdivisions. (Author/DS) *********************************************************************** unpublished *' * Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal * materials not available fromother sources. ERIC makes everyeffort * * to obtain the best copyavailable. nevertheless, items of marginal * * 'reproducibility are ofte encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and haIicopy reproductions EPIC makesavailable * * via the EPIC DocumentReproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS'is not * * responsible for the qualityof the originAl document. Reproductions*
  • Alienation in the Novels of Yukio Mishima

    Alienation in the Novels of Yukio Mishima

    Alienation in the Novels of Yukio Mishima David W. Atkinson, The University of Lethbridge Few novelists dominate twentieth-century Japanese fiction as does Yukio Mishima. Born on January 14,1925 to an upper middle-class family in Tokyo, Yukio Mishima distinguished himself early as a brilliant student, graduating from Gakushuin or Peers' School in 1944. While still in school, Mishima pub­ lished his first significant work Hanazakari no Mori (1941; The Florest in Full Flower), which expresses many of the ideas and influences that had a continu­ ing impact on Mishima's writing throughout his life. While Mishima produced over twenty-five pieces of major fiction, as well as short stories, plays, and criti­ cal works, it was not his writing that initially drew him to the world's attention. Frustrated by the lack of spiritual values in Japanese society, as well as a gen­ eral erosion of Japanese influence and strength, Mishima committed seppuku or ritual suicide on November 25,1970.1 For a time, Mishima's literary works were the subject of intense psycho­ analysis, as critics looked to find reasons for his extraordinary final act. To ap­ proach Mishima only in this way, however, is to do him a disservice, for Mishima stands as a major spokesman for a Japan experiencing immense so­ cial and cultural dislocation. In this regard, Mishima very often seems divided, as he at once celebrates the glory of the past and condemns the stagnation and meaninglessness of traditional values. In one way, however, Mishima is very clear: he sees a Japanese society that is stultifying to individual freedom.