Web GIS for Hjemmetjenesten Ragnhild Angelsen
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Web GIS for hjemmetjenesten Ragnhild Angelsen Ragnhild Angelsen: Web GIS for Home Care Services KART OG PLAN, Vol. 73, pp. 165–178, POB 5003, NO-1432 Ås, ISSN 0047-3278 This article reports the results of a project to demonstrate a web GIS developed to suit the needs of Home Care services. The web GIS contains comprehensive information on all home care recipients and nursing stations, and is available through the Home Care service’s intranet. Queries can be easily performed on the client database both to identify clients of interest, and to aid in planning an efficient service route within a specified time frame. The application was developed using HTML, CSS, JavaScript API, and ArcGIS 10. Key words: Home Care Services, GIS, ArcGIS, Vestvågøy, Development Center for Home Care Services, Municipality Ragnhild Angelsen, MSc Geographic Information Science, GIS consultant Geodata AS, POB 9036, Grønland, NO-0133 Oslo. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction knowing the extent of service routes for In Norway, home-care services, community- nurses in both time and distance, and the re- based nursing and practical assistance are search project is interested in a GIS for this part of the local government statutory health purpose. Solrun Holm, Associate Professor in and social services. It is the municipality's Nursing Science, is the project manager and duty to provide necessary medical care, as represents the research project. well as practical and personal help, to people The study area for the project was who because of illness, disability, age or oth- Vestvågøy, a 406 sq.km. island with 10,800 er reasons are unable to cope with daily liv- inhabitants located in the county of Nord- ing activities. Home nursing is a free service, land, Northern Norway. Home Care Services but practical assistance is paid for by the has 131 full- and part-time employees filling home care recipient (HCR). Nursing services the equivalent of 88 full time positions. On include various nursing technical tasks, average, 600 HCRs receive services per year. wound care, assistance with medication, per- The purpose of this project was to create a sonal care, help with meals, supervision and system to demonstrate how a geographic in- observation, and assistance in the home. formation system (GIS) could be used as a Practical services include cleaning, laundry, tool to calculate and visualize routes for food preparation, dishwashing, and chang- Home Care services employees. A solution ing linens. Prices depend on income level. created for an intranet was most useful for Going forward, the cost of Home Care for the the agencies using the product, as more us- local government will increase drastically ers could access it from different computers, because of the baby boomers. This means and the system was password protected. The that municipalities are now working to find final solution was a web application where ways to control future costs. the user could access a HCR database and Vestvågøy municipality was chosen to par- perform a network analysis to plan routes ticipate in the research project Development through a map interface. and Maintenance of Qualitative Services in Open Care (ends 2014) directed by the Devel- opment Center for Home Care Services Nor- Problem statement dland. One goal of the research project is to HCRs of the Home Care service (HCS) live try out organization- and staff models to en- throughout the entire island of Vestvågøy. sure satisfactory quality and efficient use of The municipality has divided the island into resources. Efficient use of resources requires five Home Care services sectors that manage KART OG PLAN 3–2013 165 Ragnhild Angelsen the HCRs within their area from a Home route problem’ (VRP) (Kallehauge, 2008) and Care dispatch center. The road network on is often illustrated by means of a graph with the island makes it easy to determine the nodes representing clients/depots, and arcs route to reach the HCR, as the number of representing the distance between them. roads leading to each location is usually lim- Distance does not necessarily need to be the ited. Home Care services desires a system physical distance; it can be the travel time or which can calculate the routes based on a the cost of traveling between nodes. Toth & work schedule, and supplement the routes Vigo (2001) say there are five main compo- with information regarding time and dis- nents for VRP: road network, clients, depots, tance needed for each route. The system vehicles, and drivers. These components can should also graphically display HCR loca- all have constraints that will influence the tions and routes on a map and showing basic calculation for solving the routes. For in- attributes. Each nurse has a given set of stance, roads can be one-way only, which HCRs, and a service time. The required time means that the distance from a to b is not the of service is specified for some HCRs but is same as the distance from b to a. Clients may more flexible for others. have a certain period of the day during which they can be served, a time window that will influence the order of visits. If they receive a Proposed Solution product that must be picked up from another The proposed solution is to develop a web location beforehand, that will also impact GIS application which will use information the order of the visits. The capacity of the de- in a HCR database to help manage various pots in terms of vehicles and drivers may dif- services offered by Home Care services more fer, and the drivers are limited by their work efficiently. This is done by integrating HCR schedules. Vehicles also can be limited by location information and the times required their capacity. Each of these constraints cre- to both provide the service(s) and drive to ates different problems when it comes to the and from the HCR’s location. This project is algorithm used to solve the vehicle route intended to be a stand-alone demonstration problem. Toth & Vigo’s book The Vehicle of how GIS can be used for this purpose. Route Problem (2001) presents in detail Since actual HCR information for Home many models and algorithms that have been Care Services HCRs is confidential, a sample developed for solving vehicle route problems database will be constructed using fictitious with different constraints. HCR data. As the plan is to create a web-en- VRP for Home Care Service is constrained abled application, the user will only require by a time window when the service must a web browser to display the desired output. start for each HCR, and the fact that the ve- The user will have the opportunity to upload hicle must remain at the HCR’s location dur- a visit schedule and a nurse schedule, and a ing service. Time windows can be hard or model will run in the background to calculate soft. Hard windows mean that the vehicle the routes and display them on the map. In must arrive at the HCR’s location within the addition, the web application will have basic given time period, whereas soft windows can functions for accessing the attributes for the be adjusted (Toth & Vigo, 2001). HCRs and a search function. In Sweden, for instance, “Vägverket” has created a specification for route optimization in Home Care services (Kravspecifikation för Background and Literature Review ruttoptimering) which is based on a project Planning service routes for Home Care is together with Orust and Marks municipali- comparable to routing salespeople, school ties (Vägverket, 2007). This specification busses, waste collection, and street cleaning. was not used for this project, but it shows They all deal with providing a service be- that municipalities are looking at methods to tween depots and final users. This problem is improve the logistic challenges in Home generally known under the name ‘vehicle Care Services. 166 KART OG PLAN 3–2013 Web GIS for hjemmetjenesten System Design satisfies the established requirements. In Through discussions with the Development the case of a web GIS it consists of three Center for Home Care Services Nordland, it main components: data repository, server, became apparent that two main functions and web client interface. The data repository were essential to meet the project’s needs: a refers to the GIS resources upon which the means to retrieve and display information web application is built. For this project, the about HCRs and Home Care dispatch cent- data repository consisted of a geodatabase ers, and a function to calculate and display and map documents. The server houses the routes according to HCR’s location and the services that handle requests from the web times required to both provide the service(s) client. The web client interface is a web and drive to and from the Home Care dis- browser on a personal computer. Figure 1 patch center. shows these three main components. When designing a system it is necessary to ensure that the proposed technical solution Figure 1 System design The user runs the application through an in- played in a pop-up. Requested routes of the ternet browser such as Mozilla Firefox, day are displayed graphically on the basem- Google Chrome, or Opera. Through the web ap when calculated. Figure 2 shows a screen page interface the user can zoom and pan the capture of the web page displaying the loca- map; and by hovering the mouse over HCR tions of the different functions. locations, information about that HCR is dis- KART OG PLAN 3–2013 167 Ragnhild Angelsen Figure 2 Web page interface Conceptual Data Model tional objects are the service provided, the The conceptual model describes the relation- travel time between HCRs, addresses, and ship between the entities of the project in an the visits.