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COME TO THE OLD COUNTRY A Handbook for Preserving and Sharing Schuylkill County’s Cultural Heritage by Michael and Carrie Nobel Kline Researched by Michael and Carrie Nobel Kline & Hanna Musser Thurman Edited by Cory R. Kegerise SCHUYLKILL COUNTY ETHNIC HERITAGE STUDY This project has been supported in part by the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, the Institute for Cultural Partnerships, and the Schuylkill County Visitors Bureau. Produced under contract with The Schuylkill River National & State Heritage Area Executive Director: Kurt Zwikl Project Director: Cory R. Kegerise 140 College Drive, Pottstown, Pennsylvania 19464 (484) 945-0200 ©November 2005 Carrie and Michael Nobel Kline, Public Folklorists Talking Across the Lines, Worldwide Conversations, LLC 114 Boundary Avenue, Elkins, WV 26281 (304) 636-5554 • www.folktalk.org • [email protected] Cover photo: As Carrie Kline photographed Mary Osilka’s pysanky her young grandson began to reach across the table to touch them. The metaphor unfolds: When a visitor shows interest in a cultural art form, family and community members begin to see greater worth in their own traditions. 2 SCHUYLKILL COUNTY ETHNIC HERITAGE STUDY TABLE OF CONTENTS Editor’s Note ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Authors’ Note .................................................................................................................................... 7 Maps ................................................................................................................................................. 8 Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................... 9 Chapter One: Ethnic Wealth: A Foray into Schuylkill County Traditions ................................... 10 By Carrie Nobel Kline African Americans ....................................................................................................... 14 American Indians ........................................................................................................ 16 Carpatho-Rusyns ......................................................................................................... 16 Chinese ....................................................................................................................... 19 Cornish ....................................................................................................................... 19 Greeks ......................................................................................................................... 20 Indians ........................................................................................................................ 21 Irish ............................................................................................................................ 21 Italians ........................................................................................................................ 23 Jews ............................................................................................................................ 25 Latin Americans .......................................................................................................... 27 Lithuanians ................................................................................................................. 30 Muslims ...................................................................................................................... 31 Pennsylvania Dutch .................................................................................................... 34 Polish .......................................................................................................................... 35 Slovaks ........................................................................................................................ 36 Ukrainians .................................................................................................................. 36 Welsh .......................................................................................................................... 38 Chapter Two: Building Stronger, More Functional Communities and Economies ...................... 40 By Michael Nobel Kline Appendices .................................................................................................................................... 55 A. Bibliography ............................................................................................................................... 56 B. List of Interviews and Events Recorded on Digital Audio ........................................................... 58 C. Schuylkill County Ethnic Heritage Events Calendar ................................................................... 60 D. List of Advisory Committee Members ........................................................................................ 65 E. Resumes of Principal Researchers .............................................................................................. 66 3 SCHUYLKILL COUNTY ETHNIC HERITAGE STUDY EDITOR’S NOTE I was raised in a good Pennsylvania Dutch family on the eastern edge of Berks County. Through years of genealogical research I learned that my family had been in Maxatawny Township since before the dirt and that I was a 13th generation American. My grandparents’ voices were thick with a Dutch accent and we ate things like pig stomach stuffed with sausage and fastnachts, potato doughnuts fried in lard. There was nothing special about any of this; everyone around us did those things. All of my relatives, and all of their friends spoke with that thick, guttural speech, and I understood it just perfectly. Occasionally my grandparents would start speaking in this foreign tongue, usually only around their friends. They mostly reserved this for things like telling dirty jokes, discussing Christmas presents, and other things they didn’t want the children to understand. Either way, while foreign, this other language wasn’t strange. This was part of my life and everyone I knew shared something similar. I left for college on a sweltering August afternoon and arrived in Virginia to find that it really was hotter and more oppressive in the South. I was out of the truck no longer than five minutes when I realized that I had entered a very different world. It was a world filled with drawls, twangs, and surprisingly enough…tons of New Yorkers. Checking into the dorm, I was shocked to find that there was no one whose last name ended in –berger or –schitz and that I had a funny accent! I couldn’t believe it! Here I was in the heart of Virginia, and people told me that I talked funny. To my mind there was nothing unique about where I had come from. How could the way that I spoke, the foods I ate, and the way I lived my life be strange? It was at that moment that I realized that the place and the people I had come from were not strange…they were entirely unique. I spent four years in Virginia studying architectural history, culture, ethnicity, and geography with people who had worked all over the world. Somehow I fell in love with Pennsylvania and chose to write just about every research paper on something Pennsylvania Dutch-themed. When questioned about my apparent obsession with an esoteric topic like Pennsylvania Germans, I tried to explain where I was from and why I was studying this stuff in the first place. It usually ended in me referencing the Reading Railroad (as in the Monopoly game) or Allentown (like the Billy Joel song) or just generally being from “Pennsylvania Dutch Country.” Those references were quickly followed up with a Pennsylvania geography lesson and an explanation that Pennsylvania Dutchmen existed outside of Lancaster County. If I had a nickel for every time someone asked me if I was Amish, I could be living a very handsome life right about now. I was fascinated with the stories of religious persecution, fraktur, blanket chests, the farm life that I read about my forebears. This wasn’t an academic fascination, however. What made these things so compelling is that they were about me. Every one of the songs, recipes, building styles, and blanket chests was coursing through my veins. It was exhilarating and comforting to know where I had come from. I had a friend whose father was a colonel in the Air Force and she and her family had moved no less than 14 times between her 5th and 18th birthdays. When I asked her where her people came from, she replied “I don’t have any people.” Her family came from all over the place and yet no place in particular. She couldn’t identify a clear artistic or culinary tradition that she could call her own. I think secretly she envied the stash of family bibles, birth certificates, and photos I kept in the dresser drawer at my grandfather’s house. She wasn’t envious of them because they were precious antiques or artistic treasures. Rather, she was envious of them as symbols of a strong and unmistakable connection I had with my roots. They were from my people. So what then do my college days in Virginia and some old photos have to do with an Ethnic Heritage Study of Schuylkill County? Having grown up not far from the county line and spending many summers camping outside of Tamaqua, I knew Schuylkill County only as the place that made the engine in my dad’s truck groan as it climbed the hills with the camper in tow, that
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