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Report of a Home Office Fact-Finding Mission. Turkey: Kurds, the HDP

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Report of a Home Office Fact-Finding Mission. Turkey: Kurds, the HDP Home Office Report of a Home Office Fact-Finding Mission Turkey: Kurds, the HDP and the PKK Conducted 17 June to 21 June 2019 Published October 2019 This project is partly funded by the EU Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund. Making management of migration * * flows more efficient across the European Union. * * * * *** Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................. 6 Background .......................................................................................................... 6 Purpose of the mission ....................................................................................... 6 Structure of this report ........................................................................................ 6 Methodology ............................................................................................................. 7 Identification of sources ...................................................................................... 7 Arranging and conducting interviews ................................................................ 7 Notes of interviews/meetings ............................................................................. 7 List of abbreviations ................................................................................................ 8 Executive summary .................................................................................................. 9 Source assessment and commentary .................................................................. 10 Summary report ..................................................................................................... 11 1. Human rights situation in Turkey ............................................................... 11 1.1 Overview ......................................................................................... 11 1.2 Anti-terror laws ................................................................................ 11 1.3 Interpretation and application of anti-terror laws ............................. 12 1.4 Criticism of President Erdogan ........................................................ 12 1.5 Internet and social media ................................................................ 13 2. HDP (Halkların Demokratik Partisi, or People’s Democratic Party) ......... 13 2.1 Aims of the HDP .............................................................................. 13 2.2 Registration and membership of the HDP (incl. membership cards)14 2.3 HDP meetings and rallies ................................................................ 14 2.4 Campaigning and elections ............................................................. 15 3. State action(s) against the HDP .................................................................. 16 3.1 Actual or perceived links between HDP and PKK ........................... 16 3.2 Targeting of members/supporters of the HDP ................................. 17 3.3 Relatives of HDP members/supporters ........................................... 20 4. PKK (Partiya Karkerên Kurdistanê, or Kurdistan Worker’s Party) .......... 21 Page 2 of 116 4.1 Aims of the PKK .............................................................................. 21 4.2 Community organisations ................................................................ 21 4.3 Identification of PKK members ........................................................ 21 5. State action(s) against PKK members/supporters ................................... 22 5.1 Proscription/designation as a terrorist organisation ......................... 22 5.2 Family members of PKK members/supporters ................................ 23 6. Kurdish population ...................................................................................... 23 6.1 Likelihood of being recognised as a Kurdish person ....................... 23 6.2 Kurdish communities ....................................................................... 24 6.3 Kurdish language ............................................................................ 24 6.4 Newroz ............................................................................................ 25 6.5 Education ........................................................................................ 26 6.6 Employment .................................................................................... 27 6.7 Accommodation .............................................................................. 29 6.8 Women ............................................................................................ 29 6.9 Medical care .................................................................................... 30 6.10 Societal treatment ........................................................................... 31 6.11 Military service ................................................................................ 31 6.12 Kurds in public life ........................................................................... 32 7. Arrest and detention .................................................................................... 32 7.1 Law .................................................................................................. 32 7.2 Pre-trial detention ............................................................................ 33 7.3 Judicial process ............................................................................... 35 7.4 Appeals process .............................................................................. 36 7.5 Process of detention........................................................................ 36 7.6 Prisons and detention centres ......................................................... 37 7.7 Numbers detained ........................................................................... 38 7.8 Mothers with children ...................................................................... 38 7.9 Solitary confinement ........................................................................ 39 7.10 Segregation ..................................................................................... 39 7.11 Arrest, detention and sentencing of HDP and PKK members/supporters ...................................................................................... 39 7.12 Treatment of different groups in detention ....................................... 40 7.13 Torture and ill-treatment .................................................................. 41 7.14 Medical care .................................................................................... 43 7.15 Monitoring ....................................................................................... 44 7.16 Complaints, investigations and convictions ..................................... 45 Page 3 of 116 7.17 Training of prison staff ..................................................................... 47 7.18 Conditions of release from detention ............................................... 47 7.19 Abduction ........................................................................................ 48 8. Human rights bodies ................................................................................... 48 8.1 State organisations.......................................................................... 48 8.2 Non-state organisations .................................................................. 49 8.3 Human Rights Association of Turkey .............................................. 49 9. Returnees to Turkey .................................................................................... 50 Annex A: Terms of reference (TOR) ..................................................................... 51 Annex B: List of sources ....................................................................................... 53 Annex C: FFM background explained to sources ............................................... 54 Annex D: Notes from sources ............................................................................... 55 Turkish organisation based in the UK, 7 May 2019 ......................................... 55 Peace in Kurdistan, 11 June 2019 .................................................................... 63 Human Rights Foundation of Turkey, 17 June 2019. ...................................... 66 Human rights lawyer, 17 June 2019 .................................................................. 69 Amnesty International, 18 June 2019 ............................................................... 73 Federation of Womens’ Associations of Turkey, 18 June 2019 ..................... 76 Hafiza Merkezi, or Truth, Justice and Memory Centre, 18 June 2019 ............ 80 Anonymous source, 19 June 2019 ................................................................... 82 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey, 20 June 2019 ....................................... 86 Turkish Ombudsman’s Office, 20 June 2019 ................................................... 88 HDP MP, 20 June 2019 ....................................................................................... 91 Confederation of trade unions, 21 June 2019 .................................................. 94 Human Rights Association of Turkey, 21 June 2019 ...................................... 98 Ministry of Justice of Turkey, 21 June 2019 .................................................. 103 National Human Rights and Equality Institution of Turkey (NHREIT), 21 June 2019 ..................................................................................................................
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