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UNITED NATIONS E Economic and Social Distr. GENERAL Council E/CN.4/1995/34 12 January 1995 Original: ENGLISH COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS Fiftieth session Item 10 (a) of the provisional agenda QUESTION OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF ALL PERSONS SUBJECTED TO ANY FORM OF DETENTION OR IMPRISONMENT, IN PARTICULAR: TORTURE AND OTHER CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT Report of the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Nigel S. Rodley, submitted pursuant to Commission on Human Rights resolution 1992/32 CONTENTS Paragraphs Page Introduction ....................... 1- 4 4 I. MANDATE AND METHODS OF WORK ............ 5- 24 6 II. INFORMATION REVIEWED BY THE SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR WITH RESPECT TO VARIOUS COUNTRIES ......... 25-921 10 Algeria ...................... 26- 27 10 Angola ....................... 28 10 Argentina ..................... 29- 41 11 Bahrain ...................... 42- 50 12 Bangladesh ..................... 51- 57 14 Belgium ...................... 58- 60 15 Bolivia ...................... 61- 65 16 Brazil ....................... 66- 73 16 Bulgaria ...................... 74- 80 18 Burundi ...................... 81 20 Cameroon ...................... 82- 86 20 Chile ....................... 87- 88 21 GE.95-10085 (E) E/CN.4/1995/34 page 2 CONTENTS (continued) Paragraphs Page China...................... 89-128 21 Colombia .................... 129-137 27 Côte d’Ivoire ................. 138 29 Croatia..................... 139-140 29 Cuba ...................... 141-149 30 Cyprus ..................... 150-153 31 Czech Republic ................. 154 32 Denmark .................... 155-163 32 Djibouti .................... 164 33 Dominican Republic ............... 165-166 34 Ecuador .................... 167-177 34 Egypt ..................... 178-242 36 El Salvador .................. 243-249 47 Equatorial Guinea ............... 250-260 48 Ethiopia .................... 261-269 50 France ..................... 270-285 52 Georgia .................... 286-300 54 Germany .................... 301-302 57 Guatemala ................... 303-306 58 Haiti ..................... 307-314 58 Hungary .................... 315-321 60 India ..................... 322-380 61 Indonesia ................... 381-401 72 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ........... 402-411 77 Iraq ...................... 412 78 Israel ..................... 413-425 79 Italy ..................... 426-440 81 Japan ..................... 441-452 84 Jordan ..................... 453-455 86 Kenya ..................... 456-462 87 Kyrgyzstan ................... 463 88 Lebanon .................... 464-468 89 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya ............. 469 90 Mauritania ................... 470 90 Mexico ..................... 471-486 90 Mozambique ................... 487-491 94 Myanmar .................... 492-500 95 Nepal ..................... 501-507 97 Niger ..................... 508 98 Nigeria .................... 509-511 98 Norway ..................... 512-514 99 Pakistan .................... 515-552 100 Peru ...................... 553-574 107 Philippines .................. 575-581 109 Portugal .................... 582-585 111 Qatar ..................... 586 111 Republic of Korea ............... 587-602 112 Romania .................... 603-614 115 Saudi Arabia .................. 615-628 117 E/CN.4/1995/34 page 3 CONTENTS (continued) Paragraphs Page Senegal .................... 629-632 120 South Africa .................. 633-639 121 Spain ..................... 640-667 123 Sri Lanka ................... 668-678 127 Sudan ..................... 679-707 130 Switzerland .................. 708-713 135 Syrian Arab Republic .............. 714-716 136 Togo ...................... 717-725 137 Tunisia .................... 726-745 139 Turkey ..................... 746-826 143 Turkmenistan .................. 827-830 157 Uzbekistan ................... 831 158 Venezuela ................... 832-865 158 Viet Nam .................... 866-873 163 Yemen ..................... 874 164 Yugoslavia ................... 875-921 165 III. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........ 922-926 171 E/CN.4/1995/34 page 4 Introduction 1. At its forty-first session, the Commission on Human Rights adopted resolution 1985/33, in which it decided to appoint a special rapporteur to examine questions relevant to torture. Since then the mandate has been renewed by Commission resolutions 1986/50, 1987/29, 1988/32, 1990/34 and 1992/32. In resolution 1992/32, the Commission extended the mandate for a period of three years. In pursuance of these resolutions, the Special Rapporteur submitted annual reports to the Commission, which are contained in documents E/CN.4/1986/15, E/CN.4/1987/13, E/CN.4/1988/17 and Add.1, E/CN.4/1989/15, E/CN.4/1990/17 and Add.1, E/CN.4/1991/17, E/CN.4/1992/17 and Add.1, E/CN.4/1993/26 and E/CN.4/1994/31. 2. In its resolution 1993/40, the Commission took note of the resignation of Mr. P. Kooijmans as Special Rapporteur and requested the Chairman, after consultations within the Bureau, to appoint an individual of recognized international standing as his successor. As a result, Mr. Nigel S. Rodley (United Kingdom) was appointed Special Rapporteur. 3. In conformity with resolutions 1992/32, 1993/4 and 1994/37, the Special Rapporteur hereby presents his second report to the Commission. Chapter I deals with a number of aspects pertaining to the mandate and methods of work. Chapter II consists mainly of a review of the information transmitted by the Special Rapporteur to Governments, as well as the replies received, from 16 December 1993 to 20 December 1994. Chapter III contains conclusions and recommendations. 4. In addition to the above-mentioned resolutions, several other resolutions adopted by the Commission on Human Rights at its fiftieth session are also pertinent within the framework of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur and have been taken into consideration in examining and analysing the information brought to his attention with regard to the different countries. These resolutions are, in particular: (a) Resolution 1994/22, entitled "Rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities", in which the Commission urged the Special Rapporteur to continue to give due regard to the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities; (b) Resolution 1994/33, entitled "Right to freedom of opinion and expression", in which the Commission invited the Special Rapporteur to pay attention to the situations of persons detained, subjected to violence, ill-treated or discriminated against for having exercised the right to freedom of opinion and expression as affirmed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and, where applicable, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; (c) Resolution 1994/34, entitled "Human rights in the administration of justice", in which the Commission called upon the Special Rapporteur to continue to provide, wherever appropriate, specific recommendations in regard to the effective protection of human rights in the administration of justice, E/CN.4/1995/34 page 5 including proposals for concrete measures under the United Nations programme of advisory services and technical assistance in the field of human rights; (d) Resolution 1994/42, entitled "Staff members of the United Nations and of the specialized agencies in detention", in which the Commission requested the Special Rapporteur to examine as appropriate the cases involving the human rights of staff members of the United Nations system and their families, as well as experts, special rapporteurs and consultants, and to transmit the relevant part of his report to the Secretary-General for inclusion in the latter’s report to the Commission on Human Rights; (e) Resolution 1994/45, entitled "The question of integrating the rights of women into the human rights mechanisms of the United Nations and the elimination of violence against women", in which the Commission requested the Special Rapporteur regularly and systematically to include in his report available information on human rights violations against women; (f) Resolution 1994/46, entitled "Human rights and terrorism", in which the Commission urged the Special Rapporteur to address as appropriate the consequences of acts, methods and practices of terrorist groups in his report to the Commission on Human Rights; (g) Resolution 1994/53, entitled "Human rights and thematic procedures", in which the Commission requested the Special Rapporteur to include in his report comments on problems of responsiveness and the result of analyses, as appropriate, in order to exercise his mandate even more effectively, and to include also in his report suggestions for areas where Governments might request relevant assistance through the advisory services programme administered by the Centre for Human Rights; the Commission also called on the Special Rapporteur to include in his report gender-disaggregated data and to address the characteristics and practice of violations of the right to life that are specifically or primarily directed against women, or to which women are particularly vulnerable; (h) Resolution 1994/66, entitled "Human rights and mass exoduses", in which the Commission called upon the Special Rapporteur to seek information, where appropriate, on problems resulting in mass exoduses of populations or impeding their voluntary return home and, where appropriate, to include such information, together with recommendations thereon, in his report to the Commission; (i) Resolution 1994/67, entitled "Civil defence forces",