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Vol 57 Issue 2 April 2013 Published by Johnson Matthey Plc A quarterly journal of research on the science and technology of the platinum group metals and developments in their application in industry Vol 57 Issue 2 April 2013 www.platinummetalsreview.com E-ISSN 1471-0676 © Copyright 2013 Johnson Matthey http://www.platinummetalsreview.com/ Platinum Metals Review is published by Johnson Matthey Plc, refi ner and fabricator of the precious metals and sole marketing agent for the six platinum group metals produced by Anglo American Platinum Ltd, South Africa. All rights are reserved. Material from this publication may be reproduced for personal use only but may not be offered for re-sale or incorporated into, reproduced on, or stored in any website, electronic retrieval system, or in any other publication, whether in hard copy or electronic form, without the prior written permission of Johnson Matthey. Any such copy shall retain all copyrights and other proprietary notices, and any disclaimer contained thereon, and must acknowledge Platinum Metals Review and Johnson Matthey as the source. No warranties, representations or undertakings of any kind are made in relation to any of the content of this publication including the accuracy, quality or fi tness for any purpose by any person or organisation. E-ISSN 1471-0676 • Platinum Metals Rev., 2013, 57, (2), 85• Platinum Metals Review A quarterly journal of research on the platinum group metals and developments in their application in industry http://www.platinummetalsreview.com/ APRIL 2013 VOL. 57 NO. 2 Contents Johnson Matthey and Alfa Aesar Support Academic Research 86 An editorial by Sara Coles Platinum-Based and Platinum-Doped Layered Superconducting Materials: 87 Synthesis, Properties and Simulation By Alexander L. Ivanovskii CAT4BIO Conference: Advances in Catalysis for Biomass Valorization 101 A conference review by Eleni Heracleous and Angeliki Lemonidou Johnson, Matthey and the Chemical Society 110 By William P. Griffi th SAE 2012 World Congress 117 A conference review by Timothy V. Johnson “Complex-shaped Metal Nanoparticles: 123 Bottom-Up Syntheses and Applications” A book review by Laura Ashfi eld Crystallographic Properties of Ruthenium 127 By John W. Arblaster “Polymer Electrolyte Membrane and 137 Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology” A book review by Bruno G. Pollet Kunming–PM2012 143 A conference review by Mikhail Piskulov and Carol Chiu Publications in Brief 148 Abstracts 151 Patents 154 Final Analysis: NOx Emissions Control for Euro 6 157 By Jonathan Cooper and Paul Phillips Editorial Team: Jonathan Butler (Publications Manager); Sara Coles (Assistant Editor); Ming Chung (Editorial Assistant); Keith White (Principal Information Scientist) Platinum Metals Review, Johnson Matthey Plc, Orchard Road, Royston, Hertfordshire SG8 5HE, UK Email: [email protected] 85 © 2013 Johnson Matthey http://dx.doi.org/10.1595/147106713X665067 •Platinum Metals Rev., 2013, 57, (2), 86• Editorial Johnson Matthey and Alfa Aesar Support Academic Research As many of our readers are no doubt aware, Alfa We are delighted to formally announce our Aesar is Johnson Matthey’s catalogue chemicals partnership with Alfa Aesar who from April 2013 business. As well as supplying research chemicals will be supplying the chemicals from their stocks. to the fi ne chemicals and pharmaceuticals We look forward to working with our colleagues at industries, Alfa Aesar also supplies universities Alfa Aesar. and can deliver at any scale from bench to SARA COLES, Assistant Editor pilot plant and through to commercial scale Platinum Metals Review production (1). Platinum Metals Review has now teamed up with Alfa Aesar to administer the “Johnson Matthey References 1 Alfa Aesar, A Johnson Matthey Company: Alfa Aesar Research Chemicals Scheme”, formerly http://www.alfa.com/ known as the “Loans Scheme”. Since the early years 2 D. T. Thompson, Platinum Metals Rev., 1987, of the 20th century, Johnson Matthey has used this 31, (4), 171 scheme to support fundamental research centred on the platinum group metals (pgms) (2). Academics and university groups can apply to receive small Contact Information amounts of pgm salts for use in their research, with a Johnson Matthey Precious Metals Marketing focus on novel applications which may have future Orchard Road commercial potential. Royston The scheme is currently well-subscribed. In the Hertfordshire past year we have supported projects in diverse areas SG8 5HE including anticancer drugs, asymmetric catalysis, UK biomass conversion, nanoparticles, pharmaceuticals, photovoltaics and renewable energy. Email: [email protected] “PGMs in the Lab” Look out for the new section and see if it inspires you From the next issue of Platinum Metals Review, in to try some new collaborations of your own. July 2013, we will feature a new section called “PGMs Finally don’t forget that we are always interested in the Lab” in which we will profi le one of the many to hear from you about your research into new researchers whose work has benefi ted from the areas of application for the pgms. So if you have support of Johnson Matthey and Alfa Aesar. This work some new pgm research to report, a book that you has expanded the boundaries of pgms research and would like reviewed, or a conference that you have we hope that many new applications for the pgms organised or attended, please contact us at the will arise from this exciting collaborative approach. above address. 86 © 2013 Johnson Matthey •Platinum Metals Rev., 2013, 57, (2), 87–100• Platinum-Based and Platinum-Doped Layered Superconducting Materials: Synthesis, Properties and Simulation Experimental and theoretical results for newest group of high-temperature superconductors http://dx.doi.org/10.1595/147106713X663780 http://www.platinummetalsreview.com/ By Alexander L. Ivanovskii In 2011, the newest group of layered high-temperature superconductors were discovered: platinum-based Institute of Solid State Chemistry, Ural Branch of the Russian quaternary 10-4-8 (Ca10(Pt4As8)(Fe2As2)5) and 10-3-8 Academy of Sciences, 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia ((CaFe1–xPtxAs)10Pt3As8) phases with superconducting Email: [email protected] transition temperatures (TC) up to 35–38 K. Intensive studies have been carried out to investigate their preparation and properties. This fi nding stimulated much activity in search of related materials and has attracted increased attention to platinum as a component of layered superconductors. This review presents experimental and theoretical results devoted to two main groups of superconducting materials with platinum: Pt-based materials (where Pt forms individual sub-lattices inside building blocks of corresponding phases such as SrPtAs, SrPt2As2 and LaPt2B2C) and Pt-containing materials, where Pt acts as a dopant. Synthesis, basic properties and simulation of these materials are covered. 1. Introduction Platinum and a rich series of Pt-based alloys and compounds (as bulk, fi lms or nanostructured species) are well known as critical materials for many applications (besides jewellery and investment) – for example they are excellent catalysts for chemical processing, and have many uses in the automotive industry (for example, in catalytic converters, spark plugs and sensors), in electronics (for high-temperature and non-corrosive wires and contacts), in petroleum refi ning, and also in medicine, electrochemistry and fuel cells. However, the participation of Pt in the formation of superconducting materials is much less well known (1–3). Superconductors fi nd use in applications such as magnetic levitation (‘maglev’) trains, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners and particle accelerators and have further potential for more effi cient electricity generation and distribution as well as fast computing applications. 87 © 2013 Johnson Matthey http://dx.doi.org/10.1595/147106713X663780 •Platinum Metals Rev., 2013, 57, (2)• The face-centred cubic (fcc)-Pt metal remains non- symmetry. Related Pt-based noncentrosymmetric superconducting (1) even at the lowest accessible superconductors are also known: BaPtSi3 (16), Li2Pt3B temperatures of solid matter, T ~1.5 μK (4, 5). It is (17) and LaPt3Si (18). believed that one of the obstacles to a possible Another exciting material is platinum hydride superconducting transition is the purity of the (PtH) (19–21), for which the superconducting metal, especially with regard to the concentration transition was predicted at TC ~12 K (19) – the of magnetic impurities (6). Strong electron-phonon highest superconducting transition temperature coupling, favourable for the formation of Cooper pairs among known metal hydrides – at pressure P ~90 GPa. in fcc-Pt, may also be a factor. Enhanced electronic Recent theoretical estimates confi rm that the critical susceptibility and the Sommerfeld coeffi cient (owing temperature of the two high-pressure phases of PtH to low-dispersive near-Fermi bands and high carrier correlates with electron-phonon coupling (19). concentration) bring Pt close to magnetic instability Another group of low-TC (< 8.5 K) superconductors (Stoner factor ~4 (7)), when spin fl uctuations may include germanium-platinum compounds with the completely suppress superconductivity in this skutterudite-like crystal structure MPt4Ge12 (where metal (4). A very low-temperature superconducting M are alkaline earth metals (strontium or barium), transition (at TC ~1.9 mK) was observed for compacted rare earth metals, thorium or uranium) (23–26).The high-purity Pt powder with average grain sizes of ~2 majority
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