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Edgar Buckingham: Fluorescence of Quinine Salts
Bull. Hist. Chem., VOLUME 27, Number 1 (2002) 57 EDGAR BUCKINGHAM: FLUORESCENCE OF QUININE SALTS John T. Stock, University of Connecticut Malaria, an often-fatal disease, has been a worldwide factured from cinchona trees that are cultivated in South plague for several thousand years. The discovery of America and in the Far East. the efficacy of substances present in the bark of vari- It must have been known ous cinchona trees, native since ancient times that certain to the Andes, provided substances appear to have one some relief. A real anti- color when viewed by transmit- malarial drug was not ted light and another when available until 1820, when viewed obliquely. Mineralo- Joseph Baptiste Caventou gists recognize a type of fluor- (1795-1877) and Josephe spar, pale green when viewed Pelletier (1788-1842) iso- against the light, but appearing lated quinine from the blue when viewed at an angle bark (1). Eighty years af- to the light. Unrefined petro- ter their discovery, a statue leum shows the same kind of honoring these chemists effect, as do certain substances was erected in Paris (Fig. when in solution. Fluorescein, 1). used both in the laboratory as Other workers estab- an indicator and industrially for lished the formula for qui- the location of leaks in waste nine, showed that it acts as water systems, is a familiar ex- a diacid base, and that it ample. Another is quinine or, is a methoxy derivative of because of its low solubility in a companion alkaloid, cin- water, one of its salts. The so- chonine. The elucidation lution, colorless when viewed of the structure of these directly, appears blue when compounds, largely due to viewed at an angle to the inci- the work of Wilhelm dent light. -
Early Researches
Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge Studies 7 Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach: Early Researches In: Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach: Cavendish : The Experimental Life (Sec- ond revised edition 2016) Online version at http://edition-open-access.de/studies/7/ ISBN 978-3-945561-06-5 First published 2016 by Edition Open Access, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science under Creative Commons by-nc-sa 3.0 Germany Licence. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/de/ Printed and distributed by: PRO BUSINESS digital printing Deutschland GmbH, Berlin http://www.book-on-demand.de/shop/14971 The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de Chapter 8 Early Researches William James’s observation that “in most of us, by the age of thirty, the character has set like plastic”1 applies to Cavendish, if we take his “character” to include a narrow focus on science. His earliest known extended series of experiments were in chemistry and heat, specifically on arsenic and on specific and latent heats. This was around 1764,2 twelve years after he had left the university and four years after he had been elected to the Royal Society. His first publication came two years later, on the chemistry of air, when he was thirty-five; this was rather late for a scientific researcher to begin, but in this as in other ways he was not typical. Never in a hurry to bring his work before the world, he was concerned to perfect it before communicating it. -
Philosophical Transactions, »
INDEX TO THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS, » S e r ie s A, FOR THE YEAR 1898 (VOL. 191). A. Absorption, Change of, produced by Fluorescence (B urke), 87. Aneroid Barometers, Experiments on.—Elastic After-effect; Secular Change; Influence of Temperature (Chree), 441. B. Bolometer, Surface, Construction of (Petavel), 501. Brilliancy, Intrinsic, Law of Variation of, with Temperature (Petavel), 501. Burke (John). On the Change of Absorption produced by Fluorescence, 87. C. Chree (C.). Experiments on Aneroid Barometers at Kew Observatory, and their Discussion, 441. Correlation and Variation, Influence of Random Selection on (Pearson and Filon), 229. Crystals, Thermal Expansion Coefficients, by an Interference Method (Tutton), 313. D. Differential Equations of the Second Order, &c., Memoir on the Integration of; Characteristic Invariant of (Forsyth), 1. 526 INDEX. E. Electric Filters, Testing Efficiency of; Dielectrifying Power of (Kelvin, Maclean, and Galt), 187. Electricity, Diffusion of, from Carbonic Acid Gas to Air; Communication of, from Electrified Steam to Air (Kelvin, Maclean, and Galt), 187. Electrification of Air by Water Jet, Electrified Needle Points, Electrified Flame, &c., at Different Air-pressures; at Different Electrifying Potentials; Loss of Electrification (Kelvin, Maclean, and Galt), 187. Electrolytic Cells, Construction and Calibration of (Veley and Manley), 365. Emissivity of Platinum in Air and other Gases (Petavel), 501. Equations, Laplace's and other, Some New Solutions of, in Mathematical Physics (Forsyth), 1. Evolution, Mathematical Contributions to Theory o f; Influence of Random Selection on the Differentiation of Local Races (Pearson and Filon), 229. F. Filon (L. N. G.) and Pearson (Karl). Mathematical Contributions to the Theory of Evolution.—IV. On the Probable Errors of Frequency Constants and on the Influence of Random Selection on Variation and Correlation, 229. -
Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy 1
Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy 1 CHAPTER I. CHAPTER II. CHAPTER III. CHAPTER IV. CHAPTER V. CHAPTER VI. CHAPTER VII. CHAPTER VIII. CHAPTER IX. CHAPTER X. CHAPTER I. CHAPTER II. CHAPTER III. CHAPTER IV. CHAPTER V. CHAPTER VI. CHAPTER VII. CHAPTER VIII. CHAPTER IX. CHAPTER X. Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy The Project Gutenberg EBook of Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy 2 License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy Author: George Biddell Airy Release Date: January 9, 2004 [EBook #10655] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SIR GEORGE AIRY *** Produced by Joseph Myers and PG Distributed Proofreaders AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF SIR GEORGE BIDDELL AIRY, K.C.B., M.A., LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S., F.R.A.S., HONORARY FELLOW OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, ASTRONOMER ROYAL FROM 1836 TO 1881. EDITED BY WILFRID AIRY, B.A., M.Inst.C.E. 1896 PREFACE. The life of Airy was essentially that of a hard-working, business man, and differed from that of other hard-working people only in the quality and variety of his work. It was not an exciting life, but it was full of interest, and his work brought him into close relations with many scientific men, and with many men high in the State. -
From Arthur Cayley Via Felix Klein, Sophus Lie, Wilhelm Killing, Elie Cartan, Emmy Noether and Superstrings to Cantorian Space–Time
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 37 (2008) 1279–1288 www.elsevier.com/locate/chaos From Arthur Cayley via Felix Klein, Sophus Lie, Wilhelm Killing, Elie Cartan, Emmy Noether and superstrings to Cantorian space–time L. Marek-Crnjac Institute of Mathematics, Physics and Mechanics, Jadranska ulica 19, P.O. Box 2964, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia Abstract In this work we present a historical overview of mathematical discoveries which lead to fundamental developments in super string theory, super gravity and finally to E-infinity Cantorian space–time theory. Cantorian space–time is a hierarchical fractal-like semi manifold with formally infinity many dimensions but a finite expectation number for these dimensions. The idea of hierarchy and self-similarity in science was first entertain by Right in the 18th century, later on the idea was repeated by Swedenborg and Charlier. Interestingly, the work of Mohamed El Naschie and his two contra parts Ord and Nottale was done independently without any knowledge of the above starting from non- linear dynamics and fractals. Ó 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. 1. Introduction Many of the profound mathematical discovery and dare I say also inventions which were made by the mathemati- cians Arthur Cayley, Felix Klein, Sophus Lie, Wilhelm Killing, Elie Cartan and Emmy Noether [1] are extremely important for high energy particles in general [2] as well as in the development of E-infinity, Cantorian space–time the- ory [3,4]. The present paper is dedicated to the historical background of this subject. 2. Arthur Cayley – beginner of the group theory in the modern way Arthur Cayley was a great British mathematician. -
LMS – EPSRC Durham Symposium
LMS – EPSRC Durham Symposium Anthony Byrne Grants and Membership Administrator 12th July 2016, Durham The work of the LMS for mathematics The charitable aims of the Society: Funding the advancement of mathematical knowledge Encouraging mathematical research and collaboration ’, George Legendre Celebrating mathematical 30 Pieces achievements Publishing and disseminating mathematical knowledge Advancing and promoting mathematics The attendees of the Young Researchers in Mathematics Conference 2015, held at Oxford Historical Moments of the London Mathematical Society 1865 Foundation of LMS at University College London George Campbell De Morgan organised the first meeting, and his father, Augustus De Morgan became the 1st President 1865 First minute book list of the 27 original members 1866 LMS moves to Old Burlington House, Piccadilly J.J. Sylvester, 2nd President of the Society. 1866 Julius Plûcker Thomas Hirst Plûcker Collection of boxwood models of quartic surfaces given to Thomas Archer Hirst, Vice- President of LMS, and donated to the Society 1870 Move to Asiatic Society, 22 Albemarle Street William Spottiswoode, President 1874 Donation of £1,000 from John William Strutt (Lord Rayleigh) Generous donation enabled the Society to publish volumes of the Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. J.W. Strutt (Lord Rayleigh), LMS President 1876-78 1881 First women members Charlotte Angas Scott and Christine Ladd 1884 First De Morgan medal awarded to Arthur Cayley 1885 Sophie Bryant First woman to have a paper published in LMS Proceedings 1916 Return to Burlington House the home of LMS until 1998 1937 ACE ’s Automatic Turing LMS Proceedings, 1937 Computing Engine, published Alan Turing’s first paper 1950 On Computable Numbers 1947 Death of G.H. -
Narrative and Natural History in the Eighteenth Century
UCLA UCLA Previously Published Works Title Narrative and natural history in the eighteenth century. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9x51z6qw Journal Studies in history and philosophy of science, 62 ISSN 0039-3681 Author Terrall, Mary Publication Date 2017-04-07 DOI 10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.03.009 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Studies in History and Philosophy of Science xxx (2017) 1e14 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Studies in History and Philosophy of Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/shpsa Narrative and natural history in the eighteenth century Mary Terrall Department of History, Box 951473, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1473, USA article info abstract Article history: In the eighteenth century, natural histories of animals incorporated narratives about animal behaviour Available online xxx and narratives of discovery and experimentation. Naturalists used first-person accounts to link the stories of their scientific investigations to the stories of the animal lives they were studying. Under- Keywords: standing nature depended on narratives that shifted back and forth in any given text between animal and Narrative human, and between individual cases and generalizations about species. This paper explores the uses of Natural history narrative through examples from the work of René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur and Abraham René-Antoine de Réaumur Trembley. In all cases, narrative took the genre of natural history well beyond straightforward description Abraham Trembley fi Insects and classi cation. Prose accounts of insect actions and mechanisms worked in tandem with visual Metamorphosis narratives embedded in the accompanying illustrations, where artists developed strategies for repre- senting sequences of minute changes over time. -
The Maunder Minimum and the Variable Sun-Earth Connection
The Maunder Minimum and the Variable Sun-Earth Connection (Front illustration: the Sun without spots, July 27, 1954) By Willie Wei-Hock Soon and Steven H. Yaskell To Soon Gim-Chuan, Chua Chiew-See, Pham Than (Lien+Van’s mother) and Ulla and Anna In Memory of Miriam Fuchs (baba Gil’s mother)---W.H.S. In Memory of Andrew Hoff---S.H.Y. To interrupt His Yellow Plan The Sun does not allow Caprices of the Atmosphere – And even when the Snow Heaves Balls of Specks, like Vicious Boy Directly in His Eye – Does not so much as turn His Head Busy with Majesty – ‘Tis His to stimulate the Earth And magnetize the Sea - And bind Astronomy, in place, Yet Any passing by Would deem Ourselves – the busier As the Minutest Bee That rides – emits a Thunder – A Bomb – to justify Emily Dickinson (poem 224. c. 1862) Since people are by nature poorly equipped to register any but short-term changes, it is not surprising that we fail to notice slower changes in either climate or the sun. John A. Eddy, The New Solar Physics (1977-78) Foreword By E. N. Parker In this time of global warming we are impelled by both the anticipated dire consequences and by scientific curiosity to investigate the factors that drive the climate. Climate has fluctuated strongly and abruptly in the past, with ice ages and interglacial warming as the long term extremes. Historical research in the last decades has shown short term climatic transients to be a frequent occurrence, often imposing disastrous hardship on the afflicted human populations. -
Inventing the I-Beam: Richard Turner, Cooper & Hewitt and Others
Inventing the I-Beam: Richard Turner, Cooper &Hewitt and Others Author(s): Charles E. Peterson Source: Bulletin of the Association for Preservation Technology, Vol. 12, No. 4 (1980), pp. 3-28 Published by: Association for Preservation Technology International (APT) Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1493818 . Accessed: 17/09/2013 16:52 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Association for Preservation Technology International (APT) is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Bulletin of the Association for Preservation Technology. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.59.130.200 on Tue, 17 Sep 2013 16:52:33 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions APTVol. X11N' 4 1980 INVENTINGTHE I-BEAM: RICHARDTURNER, COOPER & HEWITTAND OTHERS' by CharlesE. Peterson,F.A.I.A.* Forwell over a centurythe I-beam,rolled first in wroughtiron -the bulb-tee used from1848 on forsupporting fireproof brick and then in steel, has been one of the most widely used building floorsand ceilings. By 1856 a trueI-beam was rolledat Trenton, elementsever invented. The story of itsdevelopment is stillobscure New Jerseyand it was at once adoptedfor the new Federalbuild- at severalpoints. -
Cavendish the Experimental Life
Cavendish The Experimental Life Revised Second Edition Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge Series Editors Ian T. Baldwin, Gerd Graßhoff, Jürgen Renn, Dagmar Schäfer, Robert Schlögl, Bernard F. Schutz Edition Open Access Development Team Lindy Divarci, Georg Pflanz, Klaus Thoden, Dirk Wintergrün. The Edition Open Access (EOA) platform was founded to bring together publi- cation initiatives seeking to disseminate the results of scholarly work in a format that combines traditional publications with the digital medium. It currently hosts the open-access publications of the “Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge” (MPRL) and “Edition Open Sources” (EOS). EOA is open to host other open access initiatives similar in conception and spirit, in accordance with the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the sciences and humanities, which was launched by the Max Planck Society in 2003. By combining the advantages of traditional publications and the digital medium, the platform offers a new way of publishing research and of studying historical topics or current issues in relation to primary materials that are otherwise not easily available. The volumes are available both as printed books and as online open access publications. They are directed at scholars and students of various disciplines, and at a broader public interested in how science shapes our world. Cavendish The Experimental Life Revised Second Edition Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach Studies 7 Studies 7 Communicated by Jed Z. Buchwald Editorial Team: Lindy Divarci, Georg Pflanz, Bendix Düker, Caroline Frank, Beatrice Hermann, Beatrice Hilke Image Processing: Digitization Group of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Cover Image: Chemical Laboratory. -
The Mémoires of Abraham Trembley. III. His Discoveries on Hydra and His Approaches to Biology
The mémoires of Abraham Trembley. III. His discoveries on hydra and his approaches to biology Autor(en): Lenhoff, Howard M. / Lenhoff, Sylvia G. Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Archives des sciences et compte rendu des séances de la Société Band (Jahr): 38 (1985) Heft 3 PDF erstellt am: 29.09.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-740481 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch Arch. Sc. Genève Vol. 38 Fasc. 3 pp. 293-304 1985 THE MÉMOIRES OF ABRAHAM TREMBLEY: III. HIS DISCOVERIES ON HYDRA AND HIS APPROACHES TO BIOLOGY BY Howard M. LENHOFF1 and Sylvia G. -
From Carlo Matteucci to Giuseppe Moruzzi
THE INTERNATIONAL MEETING : FROM CARLO MATTEUCCI TO GIUSEPPE MORUZZI : TWO CENTURIES OF EUROPEAN PHYSIOLOGY A SATELLITE OF THE 15 TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF THE NEUROSCIENCES , ITALY, VILLA DI CORLIANO PISA 22-26 JUNE 2010 SPONSORING INSTITUTIONS Club d'histoire des neurosciences de la Société des Neurosciences, Paris. Galileo Museum, Firenze International Society for the History of Neurosciences. Università di Ferrara. Università di Pavia - Sistema Museale d’Ateneo. Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris. Université Diderot – Paris. Organizing Committee: Jean- Gaël Barbara, Cesira Batini, Michel Meulders, Marco Piccolino and Nicholas J. Wade. FINAL PROGRAM ND TUESDAY JUNE 22 VILLA DI CORLIANO 9:30-9:45 WELCOME BY THE HOSTS 9:45-10:15 HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION Alessandro Baldassari: The "Villa of Corliano " between art and history 10:15-11:45 OPENING SESSION : INTRODUCING MATTEUCCI AND MORUZZI : 10:15 Marco Piccolino, Ferrara. The electrophysiological work of Carlo Matteucci. 10:45 Michel Meulders Giuseppe Moruzzi: scientist and humanist. 11:15 COFFEE BREAK 11:45-12:15 Rita Levi-Montalcini, Roma. Giuseppe Moruzzi, a “formidable” scientist and a "formidable” man. 12:15 APERITIF AND LUNCH 15:00-16:00 MATTEUCCI AND HIS TIME 15:00 Simone Contardi and Mara Miniati, Firenze: Educating heart and mind: Vincenzo Antinori and the scientific culture in thee nineteenth century Florence. 15:30 Renato Mazzolini, Trento, Italy: Carlo Matteucci, between France and Italy. 16:00 COFFEE BREAK 16:15-18:30 THE BEGINNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY 16:30 Nicholas J. Wade, Dundee, Stimulating the senses . 17:00 Marco Bresadola, Ferrara: Matteucci and the legacy of Luigi Galvani .