Stephen Philip Cohen the Idea Of
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Pakistan-U.S. Relations
Order Code RL33498 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Pakistan-U.S. Relations Updated October 26, 2006 K. Alan Kronstadt Specialist in Asian Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Pakistan-U.S. Relations Summary A stable, democratic, economically thriving Pakistan is considered vital to U.S. interests. U.S. concerns regarding Pakistan include regional terrorism; Pakistan- Afghanistan relations; weapons proliferation; the ongoing Kashmir problem and Pakistan-India tensions; human rights protection; and economic development. A U.S.-Pakistan relationship marked by periods of both cooperation and discord was transformed by the September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States and the ensuing enlistment of Pakistan as a key ally in U.S.-led counterterrorism efforts. Top U.S. officials regularly praise Islamabad for its ongoing cooperation, although doubts exist about Islamabad’s commitment to some core U.S. interests. Pakistan is identified as a base for terrorist groups and their supporters operating in Kashmir, India, and Afghanistan. Since late 2003, Pakistan’s army has been conducting unprecedented counterterrorism operations in the country’s western tribal areas. Separatist violence in India’s Muslim-majority Jammu and Kashmir state has continued unabated since 1989, with some notable relative decline in recent years. India has blamed Pakistan for the infiltration of Islamic militants into Indian Kashmir, a charge Islamabad denies. The United States reportedly has received pledges from Islamabad that all “cross-border terrorism” would cease and that any terrorist facilities in Pakistani-controlled areas would be closed. Similar pledges have been made to India. -
The Kingdom of Afghanistan: a Historical Sketch George Passman Tate
University of Nebraska Omaha DigitalCommons@UNO Books in English Digitized Books 1-1-1911 The kingdom of Afghanistan: a historical sketch George Passman Tate Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/afghanuno Part of the History Commons, and the International and Area Studies Commons Recommended Citation Tate, George Passman The kingdom of Afghanistan: a historical sketch, with an introductory note by Sir Henry Mortimer Durand. Bombay: "Times of India" Offices, 1911. 224 p., maps This Monograph is brought to you for free and open access by the Digitized Books at DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Books in English by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Tate, G,P. The kfn&ean sf Af&mistan, DATE DUE I Mil 7 (7'8 DEDICATED, BY PERMISSION, HIS EXCELLENCY BARON HARDINGE OF PENSHURST. VICEROY AND GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF INDIA, .a- . (/. BY m HIS OBEDIENT, SERVANT THE AUTHOR. il.IEmtev 01 the Asiniic Society, Be?zg-nl, S?~rueyof I~din. dafhor of 'I Seisinqz : A Menzoir on the FJisio~y,Topo~rcrphj~, A7zliquiiies, (112d Peo$Ie of the Cozi?zt~y''; The F/.o?zlic7,.~ of Baluchisia'nn : Travels on ihe Border.? of Pe~szk n?zd Akhnnistnn " ; " ICalnf : A lMe??zoir on t7ze Cozl7~try and Fnrrzily of the Ahntadsai Khn7zs of Iinlnt" ; 4 ec. \ViTkI AN INrPR<dl>kJCTOl2Y NO'FE PRINTED BY BENNETT COLEMAN & Co., Xc. PUBLISHED AT THE " TIMES OF INDIA" OFFTCES, BOMBAY & C.1LCUTT-4, LONDON AGENCY : gg, SI-IOE LANE, E.C. -
Peoples of India
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WAR BACKGROUND STUDIES NUMBER EIGHTEEN PEOPLES OF INDIA By WILLIAM H. GILBERT, JR. (Publication 3767) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION APRIL 29, 1944 BALTIMORE, MD., U. 8. A. CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Geography 2 Topographic features 3 Geology 6 Climate 7 Vegetation 7 Animals 10 Natural regions 12 Cultures and races 13 Archeology 13 Material culture 15 Racial types 17 Temperamental characteristics 19 Population, health, and nutrition 20 Marriage and the family 24 Economic aspects 25 History 28 Government 34 Political areas of today 36 Languages 40 Religions and sects 46 Fine arts 53 Games and recreations 54 Primitive areas 55 Caste areas 56 Cultural and ethnic divisions 57 Summary outline of the social units of India 59 Castes and tribes 60 The system 60 Brahmans 64 Rajputs 65 Banias and allied business castes 67 Sudra or low castes 68 Muslim groups 69 Outlying systems of caste 71 Hill tribes 75 Conclusion 82 Selected bibliography 84 TABLES Page 1. Increase in the population of India 22 2. Approximate dates of major racial events in Indian history 34 3. Steps in the constitutional history of British India 35 4. Political parties and groupings in India 37 5. Classification of caste groups, with examples 81 iii . IV ILLUSTRATIONS ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES Page 1. Nanga Valley, Himalayan border of Afghanistan 1 2. Upper, Himalayas near Darjeeling 4 Lower, Vale of Kashmir 4 3. Upper, Rice planting in wet rice area 4 Lower, Coconut groves on the Malabar Coast 4 4. Upper, Plucking tea 4 Lower, Bathing ghat 4 5. -
Asia and Oceania Jack Dentith, Emily Hong, Irwin Loy, Farah Mihlar, Daniel Openshaw, Jacqui Zalcberg Right: Uighurs in Kazakhstan Picking Fruit from Central a Tree
ARCTIC OCEAN RUSSIA JAPAN KAZAKHSTAN NORTH MONGOLIA KOREA UZBEKISTAN SOUTH TURKMENISTAN KOREA KYRGYZSTAN TAJIKISTAN PACIFIC Jammu and AFGHANIS- Kashmir CHINA TAN OCEAN PAKISTAN TIBET Taiwan NEPAL BHUTAN BANGLADESH Hong Kong INDIA BURMA LAOS PHILIPPINES THAILAND VIETNAM CAMBODIA Andaman and Nicobar BRUNEI SRI LANKA Islands Bougainville PAPUA NEW MALAYSIA SOLOMON ISLANDS MALDIVES GUINEA SINGAPORE Borneo Sulawesi Wallis and Futuna (FR.) Sumatra INDONESIA TIMOR-LESTE FIJI ISLANDS French Polynesia (FR.) Java New Caledonia (FR.) INDIAN OCEAN AUSTRALIA NEW ZEALAND Asia and Oceania Jack Dentith, Emily Hong, Irwin Loy, Farah Mihlar, Daniel Openshaw, Jacqui Zalcberg Right: Uighurs in Kazakhstan picking fruit from Central a tree. Carolyn Drake/Panos. which affects the health of the most vulnerable people living in the region. In March, the Asian Asia Development Bank (ADB) reported that the shrinking of the Aral Sea and drying up of two Daniel Openshaw major rivers, the Amu Darya and Syr Darya, would particularly affect Karakalpakstan – an inority groups live in some of the autonomous region of Uzbekistan, home to the poorest regions of Central Asia; majority of the country’s Karakalpak population, M Pamiris in Gorno-Badakhshan as highlighted in MRG’s 2012 State of the World’s Autonomous Province in Tajikistan; Uzbeks Minorities and Indigenous Peoples. in South Kazakhstan province; Karakalpaks in In an already poor region, climate change Uzbekistan’s Karakalpakstan region; and high is especially significantly affecting the most numbers of Uzbeks and Tajiks in Kyrgyzstan’s vulnerable. Most people in Karakalpakstan Ferghana Valley. Poverty has a direct impact depend on agriculture, so water shortages have on their health. -
Who Is Who in Pakistan & Who Is Who in the World Study Material
1 Who is Who in Pakistan Lists of Government Officials (former & current) Governor Generals of Pakistan: Sr. # Name Assumed Office Left Office 1 Muhammad Ali Jinnah 15 August 1947 11 September 1948 (died in office) 2 Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin September 1948 October 1951 3 Sir Ghulam Muhammad October 1951 August 1955 4 Iskander Mirza August 1955 (Acting) March 1956 October 1955 (full-time) First Cabinet of Pakistan: Pakistan came into being on August 14, 1947. Its first Governor General was Muhammad Ali Jinnah and First Prime Minister was Liaqat Ali Khan. Following is the list of the first cabinet of Pakistan. Sr. Name of Minister Ministry 1. Liaqat Ali Khan Prime Minister, Foreign Minister, Defence Minister, Minister for Commonwealth relations 2. Malik Ghulam Muhammad Finance Minister 3. Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar Minister of trade , Industries & Construction 4. *Raja Ghuzanfar Ali Minister for Food, Agriculture, and Health 5. Sardar Abdul Rab Nishtar Transport, Communication Minister 6. Fazal-ul-Rehman Minister Interior, Education, and Information 7. Jogendra Nath Mandal Minister for Law & Labour *Raja Ghuzanfar’s portfolio was changed to Minister of Evacuee and Refugee Rehabilitation and the ministry for food and agriculture was given to Abdul Satar Pirzada • The first Chief Minister of Punjab was Nawab Iftikhar. • The first Chief Minister of NWFP was Abdul Qayum Khan. • The First Chief Minister of Sindh was Muhamad Ayub Khuro. • The First Chief Minister of Balochistan was Ataullah Mengal (1 May 1972), Balochistan acquired the status of the province in 1970. List of Former Prime Ministers of Pakistan 1. Liaquat Ali Khan (1896 – 1951) In Office: 14 August 1947 – 16 October 1951 2. -
Cellphones, Is Times
y k y cm IN HIGH SPIRITS NEPAL POLITICAL CRISIS DENMARK ADVANCE Actor Rakul Preet Singh has returned Nepal SC Tuesday ruled that the appointment of 20 Denmark thrash Russia 4-1 in their last group- to the shooting set and called it her ministers by KP Sharma Oli was stage game to qualify for the knockout round at Euro 2020 happy mode LEISURE | P2 unconstitutional INTERNATIONAL | P10 SPORTS | P12 VOLUME 11, ISSUE 83 | www.orissapost.com BHUBANESWAR | WEDNESDAY, JUNE 23 | 2021 12 PAGES | `5.00 SNANA YATRA Section 144 to be clamped in Puri POST NEWS NETWORK Puri, June 22: The Puri district ad- ministration has decided to promul- gate Section 144 CrPC for the smooth conduct of Snana Yatra (divine bathing rituals of Lord Jagannath and his siblings) scheduled to be performed June 24. The restriction will come into force Heavy rains to lash at 10 pm June 23 and will continue till June25, Sub-Collector Bhabataran Sahoo said. No unauthorised person Odisha till June 26 will be allowed to enter Puri during IRREGULAR by MANJUL the period and violators will be dealt with strictly, he added. The decision POST NEWS NETWORK Dhenkanal, Keonjhar, has been taken in view of the Covid Mayurbhanj, Bolangir, pandemic so that the ceremonial bath Bhubaneswar, June 22: Sonepur, Boudh, Kalahandi, of the Trinities can be held without Heavy rains are likely to Kandhamal, Nayagarh and public participation. lash several parts of the Khurda districts are likely The administration appealed to state till June 26. to wintess thunderstorm the residents of Puri and devotees to The regional office of the and lightning Thursday,” cooperate with the temple authori- India Meteorological the MET said Tuesday. -
Jihadist Violence: the Indian Threat
JIHADIST VIOLENCE: THE INDIAN THREAT By Stephen Tankel Jihadist Violence: The Indian Threat 1 Available from : Asia Program Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars One Woodrow Wilson Plaza 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, DC 20004-3027 www.wilsoncenter.org/program/asia-program ISBN: 978-1-938027-34-5 THE WOODROW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SCHOLARS, established by Congress in 1968 and headquartered in Washington, D.C., is a living national memorial to President Wilson. The Center’s mission is to commemorate the ideals and concerns of Woodrow Wilson by providing a link between the worlds of ideas and policy, while fostering research, study, discussion, and collaboration among a broad spectrum of individuals concerned with policy and scholarship in national and interna- tional affairs. Supported by public and private funds, the Center is a nonpartisan insti- tution engaged in the study of national and world affairs. It establishes and maintains a neutral forum for free, open, and informed dialogue. Conclusions or opinions expressed in Center publications and programs are those of the authors and speakers and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Center staff, fellows, trustees, advisory groups, or any individuals or organizations that provide financial support to the Center. The Center is the publisher of The Wilson Quarterly and home of Woodrow Wilson Center Press, dialogue radio and television. For more information about the Center’s activities and publications, please visit us on the web at www.wilsoncenter.org. BOARD OF TRUSTEES Thomas R. Nides, Chairman of the Board Sander R. Gerber, Vice Chairman Jane Harman, Director, President and CEO Public members: James H. -
Urdu and the Racialized- Decastification of the “Backward Musalmaan” in India
Article CASTE: A Global Journal on Social Exclusion Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 175–199 February 2020 brandeis.edu/j-caste ISSN 2639-4928 DOI: 10.26812/caste.v1i1.29 The Identity of Language and the Language of Erasure: Urdu and the Racialized- Decastification of the “Backward Musalmaan” in India Sanober Umar1 (Bluestone Rising Scholar Honorable Mention 2019) Abstract The decline of Urdu in post-colonial Uttar Pradesh has often been studied alongside the fall of Muslim representation in public services and the ‘job market’ in independent India. However, there remains a severe dearth in scholarship that intertwines the tropes surrounding Urdu as ‘foreign’ to India and the role that the racialization of the language played in insidiously collaborating with post-colonial governmentality which problematically ‘decastified’ and therefore circumscribed the production of ‘Muslim minority’ citizen identity. I argue that since the 1950s the polemics of Urdu and reasons cited for its lack of institutional recognition as a regional/linguistic minority language in Uttar Pradesh (until 1994) significantly informed the constitutional construction of ‘the casteless Muslim’ in the same stage setting era of the 1950s. These seemingly disparate sites of language and caste worked together to systematically deprive some of the most marginalised lower caste and Dalit Muslims access to affirmative action as their cultural-political economies witnessed a drastic fall in the early decades after Partition. This article addresses the connections between the production -
UNIT 16 MUSLIM SOCIAL ORGANISATION Muslim Social Organisation
UNIT 16 MUSLIM SOCIAL ORGANISATION Muslim Social Organisation Structure 16.0 Objectives 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Emergence of Islam and Muslim Community in India 16.3 Tenets of Islam: View on Social Equality 16.4 Aspects of Social Organisation 16.4.1 Social Divisions among Muslims 16.4.2 Caste and Kin Relationships 16.4.3 Social Control 16.4.4 Family, Marriage and Inheritance 16.4.5 Life Cycle Rituals arid Festivals 16.5 External Influence on Muslim Social Practices 16.6 Let Us Sum Up 16.7 Keywords 16.8 Further Reading 16.9 Specimen Answers to Check Your Progress 16.0 OBJECTIVES On going through this unit you should be able to z describe briefly the emergence of Islam and Muslim community in India z list and describe the basic tenets of Islam with special reference to its views on social equality z explain the social divisions among the Muslims z describe the processes involved in the maintenance of social control in the Islamic community z describe the main features of Muslim marriage, family and systems of inheritance z list the main festivals celebrated by the Muslims z indicate some of the external influences on Muslim social practices. 16.1 INTRODUCTION In the previous unit we examined the various facets of Hindu Social Organisation. In this unit we are going to look at some important aspects of Muslim social organisation. We begin our examination with an introductory note on the emergence of Islam and the Muslim community in India. We will proceed to describe the central tenets of Islam, elaborating the view of Islam on social equality, in a little more detail. -
Manual of Instructions for Editing, Coding and Record Management of Individual Slips
For offiCial use only CENSUS OF INDIA 1991 MANUAL OF INSTRUCTIONS FOR EDITING, CODING AND RECORD MANAGEMENT OF INDIVIDUAL SLIPS PART-I MASTER COPY-I OFFICE OF THE REGISTRAR GENERAL&. CENSUS COMMISSIONER. INOI.A MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS NEW DELHI CONTENTS Pages GENERAlINSTRUCnONS 1-2 1. Abbreviations used for urban units 3 2. Record Management instructions for Individual Slips 4-5 3. Need for location code for computer processing scheme 6-12 4. Manual edit of Individual Slip 13-20 5. Code structure of Individual Slip 21-34 Appendix-A Code list of States/Union Territories 8a Districts 35-41 Appendix-I-Alphabetical list of languages 43-64 Appendix-II-Code list of religions 66-70 Appendix-Ill-Code list of Schedules Castes/Scheduled Tribes 71 Appendix-IV-Code list of foreign countries 73-75 Appendix-V-Proforma for list of unclassified languages 77 Appendix-VI-Proforma for list of unclassified religions 78 Appendix-VII-Educational levels and their tentative equivalents. 79-94 Appendix-VIII-Proforma for Central Record Register 95 Appendix-IX-Profor.ma for Inventory 96 Appendix-X-Specimen of Individual SHp 97-98 Appendix-XI-Statement showing number of Diatricts/Tehsils/Towns/Cities/ 99 U.AB.lC.D. Blocks in each State/U.T. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS This manual contains instructions for editing, coding and record management of Individual Slips upto the stage of entry of these documents In the Direct Data Entry System. For the sake of convenient handling of this manual, it has been divided into two parts. Part·1 contains Management Instructions for handling records, brief description of thf' process adopted for assigning location code, the code structure which explains the details of codes which are to be assigned for various entries in the Individual Slip and the edit instructions. -
Study of Military Oligarchy
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1969 Study of military oligarchy Richard Francis Murphy The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Murphy, Richard Francis, "Study of military oligarchy" (1969). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 5232. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/5232 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A STUDY OF A' IGLlflSf OlIO ARC .BY w Elctuurd T0 Mmphf S«3 »» Btighm Yeung Mtmmity, 1965 FreMMfeed la fartiai fulflllmnt «f the r«9«lr®»emts for the degree of Master of Arts w i f i s s i f f o f m m A M 1 9 6 9 Approved by: O ij& iniA | Baat'ci o f lxaaio.ora Goafe* aradtfatft' seheol ^ 4£4t£ UMI Number: EP40696 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. DiMNxtatkm PUNisNng UMI EP40696 Published by ProQuest LLC (2014). -
3D Multicellular Stem-Like Human Breast Tumor Spheroids Enhance Tumorigenicity of Orthotopic Xenografts in Athymic Nude Rat Model
cancers Article 3D Multicellular Stem-Like Human Breast Tumor Spheroids Enhance Tumorigenicity of Orthotopic Xenografts in Athymic Nude Rat Model Reza Bayat Mokhtari 1,2, Bessi Qorri 1 , Manpreet Sambi 1, Narges Baluch 3, Sushil Kumar 4, Bikul Das 2,5, Myron R. Szewczuk 1,* , Herman Yeger 6 and Hai-Ling Margaret Cheng 7,8,* 1 Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [email protected] (R.B.M.); [email protected] (B.Q.); [email protected] (M.S.) 2 Department of Experimental Therapeutics,Thoreau Laboratory for Global Health,M2D2, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01852, USA; [email protected] 3 Department of Immunology and Allergy, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; [email protected] 4 QPS, Holdings LLC, Pencader Corporate Center, 110 Executive Drive, Newark, DE 19702, USA; [email protected] 5 Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory,GBP, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, India 6 Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; [email protected] 7 The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engi-neering, Institute of Biomedical Citation: Mokhtari, R.B.; Qorri, B.; Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada Sambi, M.; Baluch, N.; Kumar, S.; Das, 8 Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, B.; Szewczuk, M.R.; Yeger, H.; Cheng, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada H.-L.M. 3D Multicellular Stem-Like * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.R.S.); [email protected] (H.-L.M.C.) Human Breast Tumor Spheroids Enhance Tumorigenicity of Simple Summary: Breast cancer presents a unique clinical problem because of the variety of cellular Orthotopic Xenografts in Athymic subtypes present, including cancer stem cells (CSCs).