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Cliffs of Dover Br20 FIAT BR.20M CICOGNA GUIDE BY 1CHUCK (Unit) SPITFIRE HURRICANE BLENHEIM TIGER MOTH BF.109 BF.110 JU-87B-2 JU-88 HE-111 G.50 BR.20M Mk Ia 100 oct Mk IA Rotol 100oct Mk IV DH.82 E-4 C-7 STUKA A-1 H-2 SERIE II TEMPERATURES Water Rad Min Deg C 60 60 - - 40 60 38 40 38 - - Max 115 115 100 90 95 90 95 Oil Rad (OUTBOUND) Min Deg C 40 40 40 - 40 40 30 40 35 50 50 Max 95 95 85 105 85 95 80 95 90 90 Cylinder Head Temp Min Deg C - - 100 - - - - - - 140 140 Max 235 240 240 ENGINE SETTINGS Takeoff RPM RPM 3000 3000 2600 FINE 2350 2400 2400 2300 2400 2400 2520 2200 Takeoff Manifold Pressure UK: PSI +6 +6 +9 BCO ON See 1.3 1.3 1.35 1.35 1.35 890 820 BCO ON GER: ATA ITA: mm HG RPM Gauge • BLABLALBLABClimb RPM RPM 2700 2700 2400 COARSE 2100 2300 2300 2300 2300 2300 2400 2100 30 min MAX 30 min MAX 30 min MAX 30 min MAX 30 min MAX 30 min MAX 30 min MAX Climb Manifold Pressure UK: PSI +6 +6 +5 See 1.23 1.2 1.15 1.15 1.15 700 740 GER: ATA ITA: mm HG RPM Gauge Normal Operation/Cruise RPM 2700 2600 2400 COARSE 2000 2200 2200 2200 2100 2200 2100 2100 RPM Normal Operation/Cruise UK: PSI +3 +4 +3.5 See 1.15 1.15 1.1 1.1 1.10 590 670 GER: ATA Manifold Pressure ITA: mm HG RPM Gauge Combat RPM RPM 2800 2800 2400 COARSE 2100 2400 2400 2300 2300 2300 2400 2100 Combat Manifold Pressure UK: PSI +6 +6 +5 See 1.3 1.3 1.15 1.15 1.15 700 740 GER: ATA ITA: mm HG RPM Gauge 5 min MAX 5 min MAX Emergency Power/ Boost RPM 2850 2850 2600 COARSE 2350 2500 2400 2300 2400 2400 2520 2200 RPM @ km 5 min MAX 5 min MAX 5 min MAX 1 min MAX 5 min MAX 1 min MAX 1 min MAX 1 min MAX 3 min MAX 5 min MAX Emergency Power / Boost Manifold UK: PSI +12 BCO ON +12 BCO ON +9 BCO ON See 1.40 1.3 1.35 1.35 1.35 890 820 BCO ON GER: ATA Pressure @ Sea Level ITA: mm HG RPM Gauge 1 min MAX 5 min MAX 1 min max 1 min max 1 min max 3 min max 5 min MAX Supercharger Stage 1 UK: ft - - - - - - 0 0 0 - - Operation Altitude GER: M 1500 1220 1220 Supercharger Stage 2 UK: ft - - - - - - 1500+ 1220+ 1220+ - - GER: M (AUTO/MAN MODES) Operation Altitude ITA: M Landing Approach RPM RPM 3000 3000 2400 As required 2300 2300 2000 2100 2300 2400 2200 Landing Approach Manifold UK: PSI As required As required As required See As required As required As required As required As required As required As required GER: ATA Pressure ITA: mm HG RPM Gauge Notes Use “Rich” mixture for normal Boost Cut-Out Min Oil Press: No Abrupt Eng. very Eng. very Boost Cut-Out operation. Use “Lean” mixture for fuel Override (BCO) 35 psi Throttling sensitive to sensitive to Override (BCO) conservation for RPM under 2600 & during takeoff Max Oil Press: ata/rpm during takeoff boost @ +1 or lower. often required 45 psi ata/rpm often required PERFORMANCE SHEET PERFORMANCE AIRSPEEDS Takeoff – Rotation 120 120 110 55 180 190 170 185 150 170 175 Max Dive Speed UK: mph 420 390 260 160 750 620 720 675 600 410 600 Optimal Climb Speed 165 175 135 66 240 270 215 250 240 240 210 Landing – Approach GER/ITA: 160 160 140 55 200 220 170 200 200 175 2 175 km/h Landing – Touchdown 90 90 85 50 160 180 150 180 140 160 160 TABLE OF CONTENT – BR.20M • PART 1: AIRCRAFT HISTORY • PART 2: AIRCRAFT VARIANTS • PART 3: AIRCRAFT & COCKPIT FAMILIARIZATION • PART 4: THE CONTROLS • PART 5: WEAPONS AND ARMAMENT • PART 6: TAKEOFF • PART 7: LANDING • PART 8: ENGINE MANAGEMENT • PART 9: AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE • PART 10: COMPASS NAVIGATION TUTORIAL • PART 11: BOMBING TUTORIAL 3 Designed by Celestino Rosatelli, thus gaining the prefix BR for "Bombardiere Rosatelli“, the Fiat BR.20 Cicogna ("stork") was a low-wing twin-engine medium bomber produced from the mid-1930s until the end of World War II by the Turin firm. When it entered service in 1936 it was the first all-metal Italian bomber and it was regarded as one of the most modern medium bomber of the world. It had its baptism of fire in summer 1937, with Aviazione Legionaria, during the Spanish Civil War, when it formed the backbone of Nationalist bombing operations along with the Heinkel He 111. It was then used PART 1: AIRCRAFT HISTORY 1: AIRCRAFT PART successfully by the Japanese during the Second Sino-Japanese War. 4 The “M” in “BR.20M” stands for Modificato, or modified. This version was an improved version of the BR.20. It featured a strengthened center fuselage, protective armor for the crew, longer nose, revised tailwheel, another dorsal turret with same gun (more aerodynamic), and other aerodynamic improvements. PART 1: AIRCRAFT HISTORY 1: AIRCRAFT PART 5 In 1934, Regia Aeronautica requested Italian aviation manufacturers to submit proposals for a new medium bomber. Despite the BR.20 being the winner of the bomber competition, the Savoia Marchetti SM.79 Sparviero, a non-competitor which was developed at practically the same time, gained a reputation that overshadowed the Cicogna, partly because of its performance in air-racing. The reasons for the Sparviero '​s success lay in its flying characteristics. The Sparviero’s three engines gave more power than the two of the BR.20. The Sparviero, weighing around the same, had a reserve of power and was capable of performing acrobatic manoeuvers, even rolls. Its engines were more reliable than those of the BR.20 and had enough power to return to base even with one shut down. The Sparviero '​s superior agility enabled it to perform as a torpedo-bomber, while the Cicogna was never even considered for that role. PART 1: AIRCRAFT HISTORY 1: AIRCRAFT PART 6 When Italy entered war in 1940, the BR.20 was the standard medium bomber of Regia Aeronautica (Italian Air Force) but it was already showing its age. By 1942, it was mostly used for maritime patrol and operational PART 1: AIRCRAFT HISTORY 1: AIRCRAFT PART training for bomber crews. More than 500 were produced by the end of the 7 war. It was against the British on the Channel that for the very first time the BR.20 showed its limitations. On 10 September 1940, was formed the Corpo Aereo Italiano, with 13° and 43° Stormi equipped with 80 brand-new BR.20Ms, to fight in the Battle of Britain. During the ferry operation from Italy to their bases in Belgium, five aircraft crash-landed for technical failures and a further 17 were forced to land en route due to poor visibility. On 10 January PART 1: AIRCRAFT HISTORY 1: AIRCRAFT PART 1941, the 43° Stormo flew back to Italy, followed by the 13° before the end of8 the month. During 12 days of bombing missions, the “Cicognas” dropped 54,320 kg of bombs. (Unit) BR.20M TEMPERATURES Oil Rad (OUTBOUND) Min Deg C 50 Max 90 Cylinder Head Temp Min Deg C 140 Max 240 ENGINE SETTINGS & PROPERTIES Engine & Fuel grade FIAT A.80 / R.C.41 87 octane fuel Takeoff RPM RPM 2200 UK: PSI Takeoff Manifold Pressure GER: ATA 820 BCO ON ITA: mm HG Climb RPM RPM 2100 30 min MAX UK: PSI Climb Manifold Pressure GER: ATA 740 ITA: mm HG Normal Operation/Cruise RPM 2100 RPM UK: PSI Normal Operation/Cruise GER: ATA 670 Manifold Pressure ITA: mm HG Combat RPM RPM 2100 UK: PSI Combat Manifold Pressure GER: ATA 740 ITA: mm HG Emergency Power/ Boost RPM 2200 RPM @ km 5 min MAX UK: PSI Emergency Power / Boost Manifold GER: ATA 820 BCO ON Pressure @ Sea Level ITA: mm HG 5 min MAX Landing Approach RPM RPM 2200 UK: PSI Landing Approach Manifold Pressure GER: ATA As required ITA: mm HG Notes & Peculiarities Boost Cut-Out Override (BCO) ON during takeoff often required PART 2: AIRCRAFT VARIANTS 2: AIRCRAFT PART 9 PART 2: AIRCRAFT VARIANTS 10 DORSAL GUNNER OBSERVER / RADIO PILOT (LEFT SEAT) 12.7 mm MG OPERATOR CO-PILOT – AI (RIGHT SEAT) VENTRAL GUNNER 7.7 mm MG NOSE GUNNER / BOMBARDIER 7.7 mm MG FAMILIARIZATION 11 PART 3: AIRCRAFT & COCKPIT & COCKPIT 3: AIRCRAFT PART CREW MEMBERS BR.20M PILOT FAMILIARIZATION 12 PART 3: AIRCRAFT & COCKPIT & COCKPIT 3: AIRCRAFT PART BR.20M 350 KM/H IS THE CRUISE SPEED ARTIFICIAL HORIZON PILOT FOR MAXIMAL ENDURANCE (RANGE) VARIOMETER AIRSPEED INDICATOR (VERTICAL VELOCITY) (KM/H x 10) M/S PNEUMATIC AIR PRESSURE USED WHEN BRAKING (KG/CM2) ADJUST ANEMOMETER KNOB (ROTATES THE AIRSPEED INDICATOR… NOBODY REALLY KNOWS WHY…) SIDE SLIP INDICATOR FAMILIARIZATION DIRECTIONAL GYRO CLOCK ALTIMETER PNEUMATIC AIR (BOTTOM KNOB SETS CONTAINER PRESSURE QFE) 13 PART 3: AIRCRAFT & COCKPIT & COCKPIT 3: AIRCRAFT PART (KG/CM2) GYRO SETTER BR.20M RPM x 100 MANIFOLD PRESSURE PILOT (MM HG X 10) NOTE: THIS SIDE OF THE COCKPIT LAYOUT IS RADIO LOOP COMPASS SYMMETRICAL (USED FOR RADIO (FOR CO-PILOT). NAVIGATION) ENGINE CYLINDER HEAD TEMPERATURE BOTH ENGINES (x 100 DEG C) CYLINDER OIL TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE DISPLAY SELECTOR LEFT ENGINE (DEG C) (SEE ENGINE MANAGEMENT ENGINE CARBURETTOR SECTION) TEMPERATURE FAMILIARIZATION LEFT ENGINE (DEG C) FUEL PRESSURE FUEL PRESSURE LEFT ENGINE (KG/CM2) OIL PRESSURE 14 PART 3: AIRCRAFT & COCKPIT & COCKPIT 3: AIRCRAFT PART LEFT ENGINE (KG/CM2) RIGHT ENGINE (KG/CM2) BR.20M PILOT SECONDARY COCKPIT LIGHTS SWITCH PRIMARY COCKPIT LIGHTS SWITCH FAMILIARIZATION 15 PART 3: AIRCRAFT & COCKPIT & COCKPIT 3: AIRCRAFT PART BR.20M CANOPY JETTISON HANDLE PILOT LANDING GEAR MAGNETOS INDICATOR LIGHTS GREEN = DOWN RED = UP MAGNETIC COMPASS FAMILIARIZATION SLAVED COMPASS SEE COMPASS COURSE SETTER NAVIGATION COURSE SETTER SECTION ADJUSTMENT KNOB 16 PART 3: AIRCRAFT & COCKPIT & COCKPIT 3: AIRCRAFT PART BR.20M FIRE EXTINGUISHER PILOT CARBURETTOR HEAT (NOT FUNCTIONAL) MIXTURE AFT = FULL RICH FWD = FULL LEAN THROTTLE FWD = 0 % THROTTLE AFT = 100 % THROTTLE BOOST CUT-OUT OVERRIDE FLIPPED FWD = OFF FAMILIARIZATION FLIPPED AFT = ON 17 PART 3: AIRCRAFT & COCKPIT & COCKPIT 3: AIRCRAFT PART BR.20M PILOT RUDDER TRIM WHEEL (DIREZIONE) ELEVATOR TRIM WHEEL (PROFONDITA) ELEVATOR TRIM INDICATOR RUDDER TRIM INDICATOR PROP PITCH AFT = COARSE (LOWER RPM) FWD = FINE (HIGHER RPM) TIP: CHECK NUMBERS ON THROTTLE QUADRANT.
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