DOCSLIB.ORG

The Ottoman Age of Exploration by Giancarlo Casale (2010) - Not Even Past

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Ottoman Age of Exploration by Giancarlo Casale (2010) - Not Even Past The Ottoman Age of Exploration by Giancarlo Casale (2010) - Not Even Past BOOKS FILMS & MEDIA THE PUBLIC HISTORIAN BLOG TEXAS OUR/STORIES STUDENTS ABOUT 15 MINUTE HISTORY "The past is never dead. It's not even past." William Faulkner NOT EVEN PAST Tweet 39 Like THE PUBLIC HISTORIAN The Ottoman Age of Exploration by Giancarlo Casale (2010) Making History: Houston’s “Spirit of the by Christopher Rose Confederacy” In The Ottoman Age of Exploration, Giancarlo Casale contests the prevailing narrative that characterizes the Ottoman Empire as a passive bystander in the sixteenth-century struggle for dominance of global trade. Using documents from archives in Istanbul and Portugal, Casale shifts our attention east and demonstrates that the Ottomans were actively engaged as rivals to the Portuguese May 06, 2020 for control of the lucrative spice trade and sea lanes of the Indian Ocean. More from The Public Historian Casale’s study is a reaction against two historiographical trends: the first is a Eurocentric BOOKS version of history in which the so-called Age of Exploration is posited as a purely European America for Americans: A History of phenomenon, conditioned by the intellectual tradition Xenophobia in the United States by of the European Renaissance and focused on New Erika Lee (2019) World colonization. This perspective focuses on the opening of direct trade between Europe and Asia as the catapult that launched Europe forward and started the Ottoman Empire’s slow road toward decline and eventual demise as the “sick man of Europe.” The second is the new trend toward a non-Eurocentric view of world history, that seeks to write the history of the global community that is independent of Europe. The Ottoman Empire tends to get short shrift in the early modern period in both of these narratives because it did not focus on Atlantic exploration or colonization. Indeed, a cursory review of nearly every map published in world history textbooks that April 20, 2020 depicts trade routes in the 16th and 17th centuries will show a swirl of arrows around, but never through, Ottoman and Safavid lands in the eastern Mediterranean. More Books Casale proposes instead that Ottoman participation in the Age of Exploration focused on maintaining, expanding, and defending Indian Ocean trade against the Portuguese expansion there. For the Ottomans, DIGITAL HISTORY the Indian Ocean seemed likely to be far more lucrative than the colonization of a new continent whose economic viability was anything but assured. The income was substantial and the Ottoman and Ticha: Digital Archive Review Portuguese navies were well-matched, challenging the Eurocentric narrative that suggests that European https://notevenpast.org/ottoman-age-exploration-2010/[7/20/2020 9:43:30 AM] The Ottoman Age of Exploration by Giancarlo Casale (2010) - Not Even Past exploration was boosted by superior technology and weaponry. May 27, 2020 More from Digital History FILMS & MEDIA Jojo Rabbit (Dir: Taika Waititi, 2019) June 08, 2020 More from Films & Media TEXAS Spanish Flu in the Texas Oil Fields While the phenomenon of Indian Ocean trade in the pre-colonial era has been well documented by Janet Abu-Lughod, Andre Frank and others, Casale provides the Ottoman perspective for the first time through new discoveries in the Ottoman archives. We are introduced to previously unknown heroes and villains, giving familiar events new interpretations. The Ottomans were introduced to this new milieu in 1517 following their conquest of Egypt, a province that had grown rich from its geographic position at the head of the Nile, the head of the Red Sea, and from the their monopoly on trade between the Indian Ocean and May 26, 2020 the Mediterranean world. The Portuguese sought to challenge Egyptian dominance of Indian Ocean trade by circumnavigating Africa and establishing their own trading ports in South Asia. The Ottomans, Casale More from Texas proposes, were motivated in part by Egypt’s riches, which they needed to support, among other things, their never-ending military rivalry with Safavid Iran. Once in Egypt, however, the Ottomans discovered that the Portuguese had established a blockade of the Red Sea to disrupt Egyptian trade with India and a https://notevenpast.org/ottoman-age-exploration-2010/[7/20/2020 9:43:30 AM] The Ottoman Age of Exploration by Giancarlo Casale (2010) - Not Even Past military outpost at Hormuz to control access to the Persian Gulf. In order to restore trade and income, the Ottomans had to deal with the Portuguese menace and increase the flow of goods and their resulting tax revenue. Over the course of the sixteenth century, this led to the annexation of Yemen and Eritrea in order to enforce a Muslims-only shipping policy in the Red Sea and to prevent the Portuguese from striking at the symbolic heart of the empire, Mecca and Medina, or the imperial shipyards at Suez. Similarly, Basra at the head of the Persian Gulf was incorporated into the empire outright, and Casale documents several negotiated attempts at alliances or outright annexation of territories across the Indian Ocean basin as the Ottoman sphere of influenced waxed and waned over the course of the century. The Ottomans employed a combination of military might, intelligence and espionage, diplomacy, propaganda, science, technology, and cartography in order to counter the Portuguese as they made a serious bid to expand what Casale refers to as a “soft” empire, where trade, rather than political and military power, connected disparate territories across the Indian Ocean, stretching from Yemen and Hormuz to Gujarat, Calicut, and as far as the sultanate of Aceh on the northern tip of Sumatra. Casale suggests that by 1580, the name of the Ottoman Sultan was read out during Friday khutbas from Central Africa to China, their reward for a propaganda campaign against the Portuguese. In telling this story, Casale’s brings us not only the voices of players in Istanbul, Cairo, and Lisbon but also the voices of the Indian and African rulers for the first time as they played these two powers—Ottoman and Portuguese— off of one another in an attempt to secure their dominions. Casale might exaggerate the originality of his findings and the vision of some of his historical figures but he makes an interesting, readable, and meticulously detailed case for the Ottoman Empire as an active participant in the first century of the Age of Exploration, along with a well-justified explanation for its decision not to pursue expansion at the century’s end. European and World historians alike will find https://notevenpast.org/ottoman-age-exploration-2010/[7/20/2020 9:43:30 AM] The Ottoman Age of Exploration by Giancarlo Casale (2010) - Not Even Past compelling evidence for a new narrative outlining a perilous balance of power in the Indian Ocean during this era in which Europe’s eventual ascendency was not a foregone conclusion. His readers will gain a new appreciation for all of the players involved—not just European and Ottoman, but also the Indian and African rulers who are finally given voice through Casale’s archival work. Photo Credits: Fragment of a 1513 Ottoman map depicting the coasts of Western Europe, Northern Africa and Brazil (Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons) A 1606 map of the Ottoman Empire (Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons) Posted January 27, 2013 More 1400s to 1700s, Books, Middle East, Periods, Regions, Science/Medicine/Technology, Topics, Transnational NOT EVEN PAST is produced by Sign up to receive bi-weekly email updates 19th century 20th Century The Department of History African American History american history Asia THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN Asia & Middle East book review Brazil British Empire We are supported by the College of Liberal Arts China Civil War Cold War Colonialism communism And our READERS cultural history digital history Early Modern Europe Europe film gender history History of Science DONATE immigration India Islam Latin America Latin American History Mexico Not Even Past Public History race religion Russia slavery Texas CONTACT Texas History Texas History Day Transnational Twentieth Century History United States All content © 2010-present NOT EVEN PAST and the authors, US History USSR Womens History unless otherwise noted world history World War II BOOKS FILMS & MEDIA THE PUBLIC HISTORIAN BLOG TEXAS https://notevenpast.org/ottoman-age-exploration-2010/[7/20/2020 9:43:30 AM].
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Tale of Two Republics
    A Tale of Two Republics: Why Liberalism Succeeded in America but Faltered in Brazil Matthew Braz Honors 490: Senior Honors Seminar Professor Blais May 1, 2019 Braz1 The history of human civilization in the Western Hemisphere begins in when hunter gathers first stepped foot onto North America, and continued their march south to the tip of Patagonia. In a land diverse in geography and people, these human tribes would form new societies vying for resources to become the dominant power. And of all societies to flourish, the Mesoamerican civilizations including the Olmec and later the Aztec would rise as the most powerful empire in North America. South of Panama, the Inca would establish an empire in the Andes Mountains as the dominant power of South America. Yet the powerful Aztecs warriors and the high Incan forts would not withstand the guns nor devastating germs of European colonizers who would replace these native empires as the dominant power. Now it was the empires of Europe who were the true superpowers of the Western Hemisphere, establishing political, cultural, and economic control both continents. European colonialism would reshape the Western Hemisphere into a new world born from the ashes of Native People. Their former lands were fenced for European colonizers, of men and women who sought wealth that this new world provided. That wealth needed extraction, and so millions of enslaved people were chained and shipped from Africa towards the horrors of chattel slavery. The combination of these different people and cultures reshaped the Western Hemisphere, and the result of this clash of cultures is still evident today 527 years after Columbus arrived in Hispaniola.
    [Show full text]
  • Brazil-Turkey Fundação Alexandre De Gusmão Fundação Two Emerging Powers Intensify Emerging Powers Two
    coleção Internacionais Relações Relações coleção coleção Internacionais 811 Ekrem Eddy Güzeldere is a political Eddy Güzeldere Ekrem Ekrem Eddy Güzeldere The bilateral relations of Brazil and Turkey scientist from Munich with a specialization Within the theoretic frame of role theory, this book represents a first attempt at are a little researched subject. Therefore, this in international relations. He holds a PhD describing the bilateral relations of Brazil and Turkey since the 1850s until 2017 book offers a first attempt at analyzing both (2017) from the University of Hamburg. with an emphasis on contemporary relations. Both states are treated as emerging the political, economic, cultural and academic From 2005 to October 2015 he worked in powers, which intensify their relations, because of two main motivations: to raise bilateral relations, especially since they have Istanbul for the German political foundation their status in international affairs and for economic reasons. In the period of 2003 been intensifying in the 2000s. However, there Heinrich Böll, an international ESI think until 2011, Brazil and Turkey succeeded in intensifying their relations in many is also a historic chapter about the relations in tank, as a journalist and political analyst fields, with 2010 being the year of most intensive politico-diplomatic relations, the 19th century, which in its depth, using both for international media and consultancies. because of both a major diplomatic initiative, the Tehran Declaration, and an Turkish and Portuguese-language sources, Before moving to Istanbul, he worked in ambitious Strategic Partnership. The economic relations reached a high in 2011 represents a first endeavor in English.
    [Show full text]
  • The Northern Black Sea Region in Classical Antiquity 4
    The Northern Black Sea Region by Kerstin Susanne Jobst In historical studies, the Black Sea region is viewed as a separate historical region which has been shaped in particular by vast migration and acculturation processes. Another prominent feature of the region's history is the great diversity of religions and cultures which existed there up to the 20th century. The region is understood as a complex interwoven entity. This article focuses on the northern Black Sea region, which in the present day is primarily inhabited by Slavic people. Most of this region currently belongs to Ukraine, which has been an independent state since 1991. It consists primarily of the former imperial Russian administrative province of Novorossiia (not including Bessarabia, which for a time was administered as part of Novorossiia) and the Crimean Peninsula, including the adjoining areas to the north. The article also discusses how the region, which has been inhabited by Scythians, Sarmatians, Greeks, Romans, Goths, Huns, Khazars, Italians, Tatars, East Slavs and others, fitted into broader geographical and political contexts. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Space of Myths and Legends 3. The Northern Black Sea Region in Classical Antiquity 4. From the Khazar Empire to the Crimean Khanate and the Ottomans 5. Russian Rule: The Region as Novorossiia 6. World War, Revolutions and Soviet Rule 7. From the Second World War until the End of the Soviet Union 8. Summary and Future Perspective 9. Appendix 1. Sources 2. Literature 3. Notes Indices Citation Introduction
    [Show full text]
  • The Age of Exploration (Also Called the Age of Discovery) Began in the 1400S and Continued Through the 1600S. It Was a Period Of
    Activity 1 of 3 for NTI May 18 - 22 - Introduction to Exploration of North America Go to: https://www.ducksters.com/history/renaissance/age_of_exploration_and_discovery.php ​ Click on the link above to read the article. There is a feature at the bottom that will allow you to have the text read to you, if you want. After you read the article, answer the questions below. You can highlight or bold your answers if completing electronically. I have copied the website ​ ​ ​ ​ text below if you need it. The Age of Exploration (also called the Age of Discovery) began in the 1400s and continued through the 1600s. It was a period of time when the European nations began exploring the world. They discovered new routes to India, much of the Far East, and the Americas. The Age of Exploration took place at the same time as the Renaissance. Why explore? Outfitting an expedition could be expensive and risky. Many ships never returned. So why did the Europeans want to explore? The simple answer is money. Although, some individual explorers wanted to gain fame or experience adventure, the main purpose of ​ ​ an expedition was to make money. How did expeditions make money? Expeditions made money primarily by discovering new trade routes for their nations. When the Ottoman Empire captured Constantinople in 1453, many existing trade routes ​ ​ to India and China were shut down. These trade routes were very valuable as they brought in expensive products such as spices and silk. New expeditions tried to discover oceangoing routes to India and the Far East. Some expeditions became rich by discovering gold and silver, such as the expeditions ​ ​ of the Spanish to the Americas.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Hierarchy of Perpetrators During the Armenian Genocide Suren Manukyan
    ON THE HIERARCHY OF PERPEtrators DURING THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE Suren Manukyan Outlining organizers and perpetrators of genocides, as well as analyzing their roles in the process of mass killings are crucial for the study of particular cases of the crime. Genocide is first and foremost a political crime, which is masterminded by humans and is carried out by humans. To understand the machinery of the crime we have to learn the system of hierarchy inside its operating mechanism: from decision-makers to ordinary executioners and their proponents. This problem has remained somewhat out of the academic scope of the Armenian Geno- cide studies and has found itself in a specific perceptual trap of the belief that there is no need to study a subject as obvious as this. Surely, there have been researchers, which have reflected on the matter of identifying the felons; however, the system per se, its horizontal and vertical connections, from decision-making through execution has not been subject to academic scrutiny. The Encyclopedia of Genocide defines perpetrator as individuals, who “initiate, facili- tate, or carry out acts of genocide or crimes against humanity”1. These functions – the ini- tiation, facilitation, and implementation – to some extent describe the operational sequence of any genocide. Article 4 of the UN Convention on Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Geno- cide (adopted on December 9, 1948) defines the scope of complicity to the crime: “Persons committing genocide or any of the other acts enumerated in Article III [of this Convention – S.M.] shall be punished, whether they are constitutionally responsible rulers, public offi- cials or private individuals.”2 At the court hearings against the Young Turks in 1919-1920, the offenders were classified into a similar hierarchal order.
    [Show full text]
  • Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW TERMS & NAMES
    3 Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW TERMS & NAMES CULTURAL INTERACTION In the 20th century, the collapse • Seljuks •Malik Shah Turkish people converted to of the Turkish empire left ethnic •vizier Islam and founded new empires and religious hostilities that still that would renew Muslim affect the world. civilization. SETTING THE STAGE To the east of Constantinople and south of Russia, the mighty Muslim empire of the Abbasids had ruled since the eighth century. (See Chapter 10.) By the mid-tenth century, however, their control of the region would end as a powerful group known as the Turks emerged. TAKING NOTES The Rise of the Turks Clarifying Use a chart to show important As powerful as the Abbasids were, they constantly struggled to maintain control events and features of of their empire. Spain broke away in 756, six years after the Abbasids came to the various occupations power. After setting up their capital in Baghdad, the of Baghdad. Abbasids lost their grip on other parts of the empire as Black Sea well: Morocco in 788 and Tunisia in 800. In 809, they lost Constantinople Occupiers Events Aegean Sea some regions of Persia. Then, in 868, the Abbasids lost ANATOLIA Abbasids control of Egypt. Persians Finally, in 945, Persian armies moved into Baghdad and Mediterranean Sea Seljuks put an end to the power of the caliph, an Islamic religious Mongols or political leader. Even though the caliph continued as the religious leader of Islam, he gave up all political power to the new Persian ruler. It wasn’t long, however, before the Persians themselves fell to a powerful group in the region.
    [Show full text]
  • Naqshbandi Sufi, Persian Poet
    ABD AL-RAHMAN JAMI: “NAQSHBANDI SUFI, PERSIAN POET A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Farah Fatima Golparvaran Shadchehr, M.A. The Ohio State University 2008 Approved by Professor Stephen Dale, Advisor Professor Dick Davis Professor Joseph Zeidan ____________________ Advisor Graduate Program in History Copyright by Farah Shadchehr 2008 ABSTRACT The era of the Timurids, the dynasty that ruled Transoxiana, Iran, and Afghanistan from 1370 to 1506 had a profound cultural and artistic impact on the history of Central Asia, the Ottoman Empire, and Mughal India in the early modern era. While Timurid fine art such as miniature painting has been extensively studied, the literary production of the era has not been fully explored. Abd al-Rahman Jami (817/1414- 898/1492), the most renowned poet of the Timurids, is among those Timurid poets who have not been methodically studied in Iran and the West. Although, Jami was recognized by his contemporaries as a major authority in several disciplines, such as science, philosophy, astronomy, music, art, and most important of all poetry, he has yet not been entirely acknowledged in the post Timurid era. This dissertation highlights the significant contribution of Jami, the great poet and Sufi thinker of the fifteenth century, who is regarded as the last great classical poet of Persian literature. It discusses his influence on Persian literature, his central role in the Naqshbandi Order, and his input in clarifying Ibn Arabi's thought. Jami spent most of his life in Herat, the main center for artistic ability and aptitude in the fifteenth century; the city where Jami grew up, studied, flourished and produced a variety of prose and poetry.
    [Show full text]
  • Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire Since the End of the Bosnian Annexation Crisis Till the Italo-Turkish War Roman KODET
    CENTRAL EUROPEAN PAPERS 2013 / I / 2 29 Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire since the End of the Bosnian Annexation Crisis till the Italo-Turkish War Roman KODET Katedra historických věd, Fakulta filozofická, Západočeská univerzita v Plzni Department of Historical Sciences, Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, University of West Bohemia, Tylova 18, 301 25 Plzeň, Czech Republic [email protected] Although the stabilization of the relations between Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Em- pire after the end of the Bosnian annexation crisis created a possible base for the cooper- ation of both states, it had almost no impact on the turbulent political situation in Istanbul. On the contrary it was almost immediately after the end of the crisis when the complicated situation in the Ottoman capital came to its denouement. Even after the end of the Hamidi- yan regime in the course of the Young Turk revolution, the old “Bloody Sultan” Abdülhamid II stayed on the throne and his popularity on the public even rose.2 His aim was however to destroy the new regime in Istanbul3 and restore his own rule. Trying to accomplish this goal he allied himself with the conservative Islamic circles which pursued the same policy. In the same time the liberal opposition led by the former Grand Vizier Kâmil Paşa violently attacked the new government of Hüsseyin Hilmi Paşa. Both Islamic conservatives and the liberals (who were in direct opposition in the Hamidiyan era) were quite concerned of the Young Turk dictatorship. Therefore a considerable number of manifestations and demon- strations against the Young Turk government had occurred since February 1909 on which demands of suspending the Constitution were sounded.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ottoman Age of Exploration
    the ottoman age of exploration the Ottomanof explorationAge Giancarlo Casale 1 2010 3 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dares Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offi ces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Th ailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Casale, Giancarlo. Th e Ottoman age of exploration / Giancarlo Casale. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-19-537782-8 1. Turkey—History—16th century. 2. Indian Ocean Region—Discovery and exploration—Turkish. 3. Turkey—Commerce—History—16th century. 4. Navigation—Turkey—History—16th century. I. Title. DR507.C37 2010 910.9182'409031—dc22 2009019822 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper for my several
    [Show full text]
  • The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire
    Guiding Questions What empires preceded the Ottoman Empire and when? What factors contributed to the rise of Ottoman power in Eurasia? Can you trace the path across Asia taken by the Turks, bringing them Greek Empire: 8th Century BC – 1st Century BC Roman Empire: 1st Century BC – 5th Century AD Byzantine Empire: 6th Century AD – 15th Century AD Essential Questions: What factors & events contributed to the rise of the Ottoman Empire? What factors and events contributed to the expansion of Sultan rule in Eurasia? Geographic origin of the “Turks” The “Turks” begin in central Asia (Lake Baikal) Turks Move West Turks raid Asian Steppes as overland pirates sustained by the bountiful ecosystems of central Asia, particularly Lake Baikal and its surrounding areas Turks pushed west by similarly sustained Mongol tribes Turks encounter Islam in Persia and gain foothold therein Create the “Turkish Belt” stretching from Lake Baikal to Anatolia/Asia Minor under leadership of the Seljuk Turks Turks seek out territory within the Byzantine Empire and therefore access to the Mediterranean Sea Turks erode Byzantine frontiers in east Anatolia Turks gain foothold in Anatolia/Asia Minor Geographic origin of the “Turks” Lake Baikal in central Asia Turks move west raiding Asian Steppes The Seljuks – Become ruling family of the westward nomadic Turks. Flee west from Mongol invasion – Turkic nomads follow Gain foothold in Persia (modern day Iran) Influenced by Islam and convert Create “Turkish Belt” across central Asia to Anatolia/Asia Minor Disrupt Persian economy (as caravans continue and nomads stream into Persia, sustaining the “Turkish Belt”) Retain shamanistic rituals (create special brand of Islam) Culture and ambition compels Turks further westward to eastern edge of Byzantium.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Muslims, Ottoman Empire and Caliphate During Colonial Period
    International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 6, No. 2; February 2015 Indian Muslims, Ottoman Empire and Caliphate during Colonial Period Salih Pay Associate Professor Department of History of Islam, Faculty of Theology Uludağ University, Bursa Turkey Abstract Indian Muslim is a term applied for Muslims living in the Indian Subcontinent comprised of the modern day states of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Sri Lanka. India witnessed the first Muslim raids during the era of the Rashidun, and permanent dominance of Islam began in the Umayyad period upon the conquest of Sindh. Nevertheless, it was Turkish Muslim states, from Ghaznavids to Mughals, which ensured the spreading of Islam in other regions. In the 15th century, the Portuguese were the first to arrive on Indian coasts, before they were subject to raids by Western colonialist states such as Holland, England and France. By the middle of the 19th century, India entirely fell under the British rule. In those days, under guidance of their scholars and leading personalities, Indian Muslims looked for ways to get rid of the British rule. Besides, they provided both moral and material support so that the Ottoman Empire, as the only independent state within Islamic world, and the Caliphate [Khilafat] survive without surrendering to the British or other colonial dominance. The objective of this study is to analyze how Muslims in the Indian Subcontinent who were totally deprived of independence as a British colony, paid close attention to the Ottomans and the Caliphate. Keywords: Islamic World, Indian Muslims, Ottoman Empire, Caliphate, English Colonialism Introduction Indian Subcontinent, also known as South Asia, includes modern states of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Sri Lanka.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Ottoman Poetry
    30I sporting themselves and plucking roses. In answer to his enquiries these tell him that they are of the followers of Mole (Khal), an Abyssian noble in the service of Beauty. Now, continues the teller of the tale, Sight had a younger brother. Glance (Ghamza) by name, who had been stolen from his home in early childhood, and, having passed into the service of Beauty, had on account of his fierce disposition been made captain of her guard and chief of the archers. ' It so happens that Glance is that day lying in a drunken sleep among the narcissi in the garden, ^ when becoming conscious of someone's approach, he starts up and sees Sight. Filled with wrath at the intrusion of the stranger, whom of course he does not recognize, he rushes upon him and strips him naked, purposing to slay him. Now the mother of these two brothers had possessed two amulets of carnelian of Yemen, •'' and she had fastened one of these round the arm of each infant son as a charm against the evil eye. And so when Glance has stript Sight he sees this amulet, and, recog- nizing it, questions the stranger concerning it. The answers of the latter satisfy Glance that his prisoner is indeed his brother, so he looses him from his bonds and takes him in all gladness to his own house, where he entertains him in the best of fashions. Next day Princess Beauty, who is informed of the arrival of a long-lost brother of Glance's, summons the latter into her presence and asks him concerning his newly-found rela- tive.
    [Show full text]