Terra Rossa in the Mediterranean Region: Parent Materials, Composition and Origin
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Mediterranean Soils - Willy Verheye, Diego De La Rosa
LAND USE, LAND COVER AND SOIL SCIENCES – Vol. VII – Mediterranean Soils - Willy Verheye, Diego de la Rosa MEDITERRANEAN SOILS Willy Verheye National Science Foundation Flanders/Belgium and Geography Department, University Gent, Belgium Diego de la Rosa Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Scientificas, Sevilla, Spain Keywords: Calcium carbonate, decalcification, Luvisol, Mediterranean, pedogenesis, soil classification, Terra Rossa, Xeralf, xeric moisture regime Contents 1. Introduction 2. Soil Forming Factors 2.1 Climate 2.2 Parent Material 2.3 Time 2.4 Topography 2.5 Biological Activity and Man 3. Pedogenesis and Profile Development 3.1 Pedogenesis on Carbonaceous Rocks 3.2 Pedogenesis on Non-Carbonaceous Rocks 4. Classification 4.1. USDA Soil Taxonomy 4.2 World Soil Reference Base for Soil Resources 4.3 French CPCS Classification 5. Land Use and Production Potential 5.1 Crop Production 5.2 Extensive Grazing Acknowledgements Glossary Bibliography BiographicalUNESCO Sketches – EOLSS Summary Mediterranean SAMPLEsoils are soils which form underCHAPTERS a Mediterranean climate. They are variously called Terra Rossa (on hard limestone) and Red Mediterranean Soils. Not all soils in a Mediterranean environment are, however, qualified as such because normal pedogenetic development may be hampered by erosion (rejuvenation of the profile), lack of time, and lack of water or unfavorable parent material characteristics. The impact of climate, topography, parent material (mineralogical composition, coherence and permeability), time and human influence as soil forming factors is discussed. Pedogenesis is reviewed and three phases in a color sequence are recognized, ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) LAND USE, LAND COVER AND SOIL SCIENCES – Vol. VII – Mediterranean Soils - Willy Verheye, Diego de la Rosa with a major focus on soils developed over carbonaceous substrata. -
Further Notes on Terra Rossa and Related Soils Near Kfar Hahoresh Archaeological Site, Israel
Further notes on terra rossa and related soils near Kfar HaHoresh archaeological site, Israel Tsatskin A., Gendler T.S. in Zdruli P. (ed.), Steduto P. (ed.), Kapur S. (ed.). 7. International meeting on Soils with Mediterranean Type of Climate (selected papers) Bari : CIHEAM Options Méditerranéennes : Série A. Séminaires Méditerranéens; n. 50 2002 pages 109-120 Article available on line / Article disponible en ligne à l’adresse : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- http://om.ciheam.org/article.php?IDPDF=4002024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- To cite this article / Pour citer cet article -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tsatskin A., Gendler T.S. Further notes on terra rossa and related soils near Kfar HaHoresh archaeological site, Israel. In : Zdruli P. (ed.), Steduto P. (ed.), Kapur S. (ed.). 7. International meeting on Soils with Mediterranean Type of Climate (selected papers). Bari : CIHEAM, 2002. p. 109-120 (Options Méditerranéennes : Série A. Séminaires Méditerranéens; n. 50) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -
Soils of County Clare
Copyright of Teagasc, The Agriculture and Food Development Authority Soil Survey Bulletin No. 23 Soils of County Clare by T. F. Finch (Report compiled by T. F, Finch, E. Culleton and S. Diamond) National Soil Survey of Ireland An Foras Taluntais (THE AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE) Published by An Foras Taluntais, 33 Merrion Road, Dublin 4 Price: £1.50 June, 1971 PREFACE This publication, Soil Survey Bulletin No. 23, presents the findings of the Soil Survey of County Clare. It is one of a series of county soil surveys being carried out by the National Soil Survey of An Foras Taluntais (The Agricultural Institute) for the purpose of providing basic information which can be used in optimum land-use planning. The field mapping was carried out at a scale of 1:10,560 (6 in. = 1 mile; 15 cm = 1.6 km) but the detail mapped on the field sheets is not shown on the published soil map at the scale of 1:126,720 (} in. 1 mile: 1.25 cm = 1.6 km) due to scale limitation. Copies of the field maps are available for consultation in the Soil Survey Office at Johnstown Castle, Wexford. Mr. T. F. Finch was responsible for the operation of this survey; he commenced work in the county in 1965 and completed the field investigations in 1968. Technical assistance was provided from time to time by Mr. P. Feeney, Mr. T. O'Shea and Mr. T. Martin. Mr. S. Diamond gave assistance and advice in soil correlation, classification and land-use interpretation, and Mr. R. F. -
List M - Soils - German and French Equivalents of English Terms
LIST M - SOILS - GERMAN AND FRENCH EQUIVALENTS OF ENGLISH TERMS AMERICAN GERMAN FRENCH AMERICAN GERMAN FRENCH Acrisols Acrisol Sol-mediterraneen Gray podzolic soils Podsolierter grauer Podzol Albolls Boden Alfisols Gray warp soils Paternia Sol-peu-evolue or Alluvial soils Auen-Boden Sol-d’alluvions Sol-d’alluvions Alpine meadow soils Alpiner Wiesen- Sol-hydromorphe Gray wooded soils boden Ground-water podzols Gley-Podsol Podzol Andepts Ground-water Grundwasser- Laterite Andosols Andosol Sol-peu-evolue laterite soils Laterite roche- Grumosols Grumosol Vertisol volcanique Half bog soils Anmoor Tourbe Aqualfs Halomorphic soils Salz-Boden Sol-halomorphe Aquents Halosols Halosols Sal-halomorphe Aquepts Hemists Aquods High moor Hochmoor Tourbe Aquolls Histosols Aquox Humic gley soils Humus Gley Boden Aquults Sol-humique-a-gley Arctic tundra soils Arktische Tundra Sol-de-toundra Humic soils Humus-reiche- Sol-riche-en- Boden Boden humus Arenosols Arenosol Sol-brut sable Humods Arents Hydromorphic soils Hydromorpher- Sol-hydro- Argids Boden morphique Aridisols Inceptisols Azonal soils Roh-Boden Sol-brut Intrazonal soils Intrazonaler Boden Sol Black earth use Schwarzerde Chernozem Kastanozems Chernozems Krasnozems Krasnozem Krasnozem Bog soils Moorboden Tourbe laterites Laterit-Boden Sol-lateritique Boreal frozen taiga Sol-gele Latosols Latosol Sol-ferralitique soils Lithosols Gesteins-roh-Boden Sol-squelettique Boreal taiga and Sol Low-humic gley soils forest soils Luvisols Luvisols Sol lessivage Brown desert steppe Burozem Sierozem Mediterranean -
Bacterial Diversity in Soils of Different Hungarian Karst Areas
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repository of the Academy's Library Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica 65 (4), pp. 439–458 (2018) DOI: 10.1556/030.65.2018.002 First published online February 23, 2018 BACTERIAL DIVERSITY IN SOILS OF DIFFERENT HUNGARIAN KARST AREAS 1,2 2 1 3 MONIKA´ KNÁB ,TIBOR SZILI-KOVÁCS ,KÁROLY MÁRIALIGETI ,JÁNOS MOGA´ and ANDREA K. BORSODI1* 1Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 2Centre for Agricultural Research, Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary 3Department of Physical Geography, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary (Received: 5 June 2017; accepted: 21 November 2017) Karst areas have great environmental importance as sources of subsurface water and often maintain very sensitive ecosystems. In recent years, increasing number of microbiological studies focused on the bacterial communities of karst soils. In this study, diversity examinations on two distinct Hungarian karst areas, Aggtelek and Tapolca, were performed using parallel cultivation and molecular cloning methods. The phylogenetic affiliation of bacterial strains and molecular clones was determined based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences. Bacterial isolates were identified as members of the phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Besides the taxa identified by cultivation, members of the phyla Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Gemmatimona- detes were detected by the cloning. The difference in the composition of soil bacterial communities was related to geographic locations and soil types. Both the highest and the lowest bacterial diversities were detected in samples from Aggtelek National Park, characterized by Leptic Luvisol and Rendzic Leptosol soil types. -
Rendzina) on Littoral Plains and Hilly Areas, 2- Hydromorphic Black Soil
Genesis and Evolution of Black Soil in the Eastern Mediterranean Hussam HAG HUSEIN, Bernhard Lucke, Wahib Sahwan, and Rupert Bäumler EGU 2020 1 Soil fertility degradation in the Middle East…myth or reality? The environmental history of the Middle East is not an issue of a fertile land becoming desert. Most of it is desert and it always has been. The precious rain from the Mediterranean falls for 100 km or so from the coast, creating some fertile areas, as isolated islands that were not desert and they still are not. www.google.com However, whatever the definition is used, there is quite a lot of desert impact in the equation (evaporation, aeolian dust). The Eastern Mediterranean Located in the eastern corner of the Mediterranean Sea Submitted to Mediterranean climate condition with meld wet winter and hot dry summer The soil is red Mediterranean (terra rossa) with red color and poor of organic carbon and high of carbonates www.google.com 3 Black Soil in the Eastern Mediterranean The occurrence of such soil is occasionally in Mediterranean because of the climate condition with xeric moisture and thermic temperature soil regimes, which is not favorited for forming and developing such kind of soil However, it is still occurring at a less extending in different climatic zones from xeric to aridic and called SAWDA’A Their current occurrence rise many questions about the conditions of formation and type of paleoclimate that prevailed Theories on their formation in the Mediterranean region are not in general agreement The black soil was studied at five bio-climate areas according to Pluvio- thermic Equation of Emberger (1955): Upper humid Cold, lower sub-humid Fresh and temperate Upper semiarid www.google.com Martials and Methods These areas submitted to meditteranian climate, frish winter, hot dry summer with annual precipitation from 200 to more than 1000 mm The soil moisture regime is xeric and the temperature soil regime is thermic Climax vegetation is -Pinus brutia forest; -maquis mainly Quercus in wet areas. -
Distribution of Rare Earth Elements in Sediments of the Marine Lake Mir (Dugi Otok, Croatia)
geosciences Article Distribution of Rare Earth Elements in Sediments of the Marine Lake Mir (Dugi Otok, Croatia) Željka Fiket * ID , Marina Mlakar and Goran Kniewald Rudjer Boškovi´cInstitute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijeniˇcka54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia; [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (G.K.) * Correspondence: zeljka.fi[email protected]; Tel. +385-1-456-1036; Fax.: +385-1-468-242 Received: 6 July 2018; Accepted: 7 August 2018; Published: 10 August 2018 Abstract: The Lake Mir represents a small, isolated, and shallow marine lake situated in the south-eastern part of the Dugi otok Island, in a karstic landscape of the eastern Adriatic coast. The surrounding karstic background, with occasional occurrences of red soil, characterizes the sediments in the lake as coarse grained and carbonate rich. Previous studies suggested the prevailing influence of the lake bathymetry, that is, the proportion of carbonates and grain size characteristics of the sediments, on the variability of the element composition of the lake sediments. To confirm previous assumptions and obtain a better understanding of the factors influencing sediment composition of this marine lake, the distribution of rare earth elements in sediments of the Lake Mir and the nearby Telaš´cicaBay, as well as surrounding soils, was investigated. In the lake sediments, the sum of rare earth elements, including Y (hereinafter referred as SREY), ranged from 10.6 mg kg−1 to 25.3 mg kg−1; in the Telaš´cicaBay sediments, SREY were higher compared to the lake and ranged from 56.4 mg kg−1 to 85.2 mg kg−1, while the highest SREY, from 83.3 mg kg−1 to 227 mg kg−1, were observed in soils surrounding the lake. -
Bulk and Clay Mineral Composition Indicate Origin of Terra Rossa Soils in Western Herzegovina
Geologia Croatica 67/3 171–183 10 Figs. 8 Tabs. Zagreb 2014 Bulk and clay mineral composition indicate origin of terra rossa soils in Western Herzegovina 1Goran Durn, 2Radica Ćorić, 1Neven Tadej, 1Uroš Barudžija, 3Vedran Rubinić and 3Stjepan Husnjak 1 Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia 2 Faculty of Agriculture and Food Technology, University of Mostar, Biskupa Čule bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia doi: 10.4154/gc.2014.13 GeologiaGeologia CroaticaCroatica AB STRA CT The B horizons of terra rossa soils developed on three different carbonate lithologies having variable insoluble resi- due contents were studied in Western Herzegovina. Comparison of their composition and properties illustrates to what extent the mineral, (especially clay mineral assemblage) and particle size distribution of those horizons and the insoluble residue of the underlying carbonate rocks can be used as indicators of the polygenetic nature of terra rossa in this region. Terra rossa B horizons have characteristic red colours, neutral to slightly acid pH, high base sat- uration with calcium as the predominant cation and high CIA (Chemical Index of Alteration). The CIA values ob- tained are generally in accordance with mineral composition and particle size distribution of the analysed B horizons. The predominant clay mineral phases in B horizons and related insoluble residues match. Kaolinite is the predomi- nant clay mineral phase in the B horizons overlying carbonate rocks containing low amounts of insoluble residue, while smectite predominates in calcarenites areas with a high insoluble residue content. -
General Soil Map of Ireland, 1969 Survey of Some Midland Sub-Peat Mineral Soils (With Bord Na Móna), 1971 — M
SOIL SURVEY PUBLICATIONS 1962-1979 County Surveys Soils of Co. Wexford, 1964* — M. J. Gardiner and P. Ryan Soils of Co. Limerick, 1966 — T. F. Finch and P. Ryan Soils of Co. Carlow, 1967 — M. J. Conry and P. Ryan Soils of Co. Kildare, 1970 — M. J. Conry, R. F. Hammond and T. O’Shea Soils of Co. Clare, 1971 — T. F. Finch, E. Culleton and S. Diamond Soils of Co. Westmeath, 1977 — T. F. Finch and M. J. Gardiner Soils of West Cork, (part of Resource Survey) 1963 — M. J. Conry, P. Ryan and J. Lee Soils of West Donegal, (part of Resource Survey) 1969 — M. Walsh, M. Ryan and S van de Schaaf Soils of Co. Leitrim, (part of Resource Survey) 1973 — M. Walsh An Foras Talúntais Farms Grange, Co. Meath, 1962 — M. J. Gardiner Kinsealy, Co. Dublin, 1963 — M. J. Gardiner Creagh, Co. Mayo, 1963 — M. J. Gardiner Herbertstown, Co. Limerick, 1964 — T. F. Finch Drumboylan, Co. Roscommon, 1968 — G. Jaritz and J. Lee Ballintubber, Co. Roscommon, 1969 — M. Ryan and J. Lee Ballinamore, Co. Leitrim, 1969 — T. F. Finch and J. Lee Clonroche, Co. Wexford, 1970 — T. F. Finch and M. J. Gardiner Mullinahone, Co. Tipperary, 1970 — M. J. Conry Ballygagin, Co. Waterford, 1972 — T. F. Finch and M. J. Gardiner Department of Agriculture Farms Clonakilty, Co. Cork, 1964* — J. Lee and M. J. Conry Ballyhaise, Co. Cavan, 1965* — M. Ryan and J. Lee Athenry, Co. Galway, 1965* — S. Diamond, M. Ryan and M. J. Gardiner Other Farms Kells Ingram, Co. Louth, 1964* — M. J. Gardiner Multyfarnham Agricultural College, Co. -
Classification of Soil Systems on the Basis of Transfer Factors of Radionuclides from Soil to Reference Plants
IAEA-TECDOC-1497 Classification of soil systems on the basis of transfer factors of radionuclides from soil to reference plants Proceedings of a final research coordination meeting organized by the Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture and held in Chania, Crete, 22–26 September 2003 June 2006 IAEA-TECDOC-1497 Classification of soil systems on the basis of transfer factors of radionuclides from soil to reference plants Report of the final research coordination meeting organized by the Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture held in Chania, Crete, 22–26 September 2003 June 2006 The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Food and Environmental Protection Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL SYSTEMS ON THE BASIS OF TRANSFER FACTORS OF RADIONUCLIDES FROM SOIL TO REFERENCE PLANTS IAEA, VIENNA, 2006 IAEA-TECDOC-1497 ISBN 92–0–105906–X ISSN 1011–4289 © IAEA, 2006 Printed by the IAEA in Austria June 2006 FOREWORD The IAEA Basic Safety Standards for Radiation Protection include the general requirement to keep all doses as low as reasonably achievable, taking account of economic and social considerations, within the overall constraint of individual dose limits. National and Regional authorities have to set release limits for radioactive effluent and also to establish contingency plans to deal with an uncontrolled release following an accident or terrorist activity. It is normal practice to assess radiation doses to man by means of radiological assessment models. In this context the IAEA published (1994), in cooperation with the International Union of Radioecologists (IUR), a Handbook of Parameter Values for the Prediction of Radionuclide Transfer in Temperate Environments to facilitate such calculations. -
Development of a Terra Rossa Soil Profile on Marbles of the Cambrian Normanville Group at Delamere
Contents Summary………………………………………………………………………………… Page 2 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………... Page 2 Geology & Landscape…………………………………………………………………... Page 4 Methods………………………………………………………………………………….. Page 4 Results……………………………………………………………………………………. Page 6 Morphological analysis Particle size analysis Mineralogical analysis Coarse particle morphology and elemental chemistry Discussion………………………………………………………………………………... Page 10 Micromorphology Particle size distribution and chemistry Clay and silt mineralogy Coarse particle morphology and elemental chemistry Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….. Page 14 References………………………………………………………………………………... Page 14 Tables…………………………………………………………………………………….. Page 17 Table 1 – Properties of the fine earth and insoluble residue Table 2 – X-ray fractionation data for trace element analysis Table 3 – X-ray fractionation data for major element analysis Table 4 – FESEM mineralogy counts of 125-2000µm fraction Figure Captions………………………………………………………………………….. Page 23 1 Development of a Terra Rossa soil profile on marbles of the Cambrian Normanville Group at Delamere, South Australia J. FOSTER Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Adelaide University, Adelaide SA 5005 Summary The genesis of Terra Rossa soils is still a matter of controversy. The two leading theories are: (1) that the soil is derived from the insoluble residue of the underlying limestone; or, (2) that contributions from some outside source account for large portions of the soil. Through morphological, -
Fire Effects Guide This Page Was Last Modified 06/21/01 |Disclaimer| | Privacy| | Copyright| |Webmaster|
National Wildfire Coordinating Group Fire Effects Guide This page was last modified 06/21/01 |Disclaimer| | Privacy| | Copyright| |Webmaster| Home Preface FIRE EFFECTS GUIDE Objectives Fire Behavior Fuels Sponsored by: Air Quality Soils & Water Plants National Wildlife Coordinating Group Wildlife Cultural Res. Fire Use Working Team Grazing Mgmt. Evaluation Copies of the guide (NFES 2394) can be ordered form: Data Analysis Computer National Interagency Fire Center Soft. Great Basin Area Cache Glossary 3833 S. Development Ave. Bibliography Boise ID 83702 Contributions National Wildfire Coordinating Group Fire Effects Guide This page was last modified 06/20/01 |Disclaimer| | Privacy| | Copyright| |Webmaster| Home PREFACE Preface Objectives by Dr. Bob Clark and Melanie Miller Fire Behavior Fuels A. Purpose Air Quality Soils & Water Plants The Federal government manages a variety of ecosystems across the Wildlife United States, including deserts, grasslands, tundra, shrublands, Cultural Res. forestlands, estuaries, and riparian zones. These ecosystems range Grazing from arid to humid, warm to cold, and sea level to over 10,000 feet Mgmt. elevation. Fires naturally occur in almost all of these ecosystems, with Evaluation fire characteristics determined by climate, vegetation, and terrain. Data Analysis Computer The purposes of this Guide are to summarize available information on Soft. fire effects principles and processes, provide references for additional Glossary information, and provide guidelines for the collection, analysis, and Bibliography evaluation of wild and prescribed fire effects data. Basic mechanisms of Contributions fire effects are described so that the reader will be able to understand and interpret fire effects literature, and evaluate observed results that conflict with those presented in published reports.