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VOLUME 4 No. 5 MAY 2004 013 journal ^^^^B H^^l ^ Association of Jewish Refugees May Day After the bleak midwinter and hesitant aimed to set up an autonomous Yiddish- became a writer and the other a doctor early spring. May Day at last announces speaking enclave in a socialist Russia. Neither moved as far to the left of the the advent of the best season of the year. The Bundists were virtually wiped out political spectrum as the immigrant No wonder that celebrating the first day of by Stalin and Hitler, but before that Ostjuden Goldman or Slovo. May is a custom of venerable antiquity. happened some escapees from Russian But to retum to the main story: Hitler, The Romans dedicated the day to Flora, pogroms and poverty carried left-wing who dominated the continent in the 1930s, the goddess of flowers. In the French ideas into their countries of immigration, had adroitly stolen the left's clothes, revolutionary calendar May even became principally the USA and South Africa. This calling himself a National Socialist and Floreal, while Wagner, with characteristic is the provenance of the legendary making red the background colour of the hyperbole, dubbed the month anarchist Emma Goldman and of the swastika flag. He also elevated May Day Wonnemond, or month of bliss. linguistics pioneer-cum-Marxist into a paid holiday under the grandiloquent In medieval England May Day was philosopher Naum Chomsky in America, designation Day of National Labour. On 1 marked by feasting, sport and games, and of Joe Slovo, leader of the ANC's May 1933 millions of German onlookers dancing round the Maypole, and the military wing, in South Africa. were treated to the spectacle of industrial crowning of the fairest maiden as the May tycoons - Krupp, Thyssen, Flick - Queen. (In the village where Britten's marching in step with their workers opera Albert Herring is set, the dearth of through the thoroughfares of major cities. virtuous maidens compels the residents The Nazi-drilled multitude watching to choose a May King.) these unprecedented May Day An English tradition gradually evolved processions shouted, with tears in their whereby Robin Hood and Maid Marion eyes: 'An end to the division between presided over the day's festivities; by the bosses and workers; we're all sbrteenth century May Day was Robin Germans now!' Hood's Day, on which plays about the Meanwhile in Britain a division was outlaw of Sherwood Forest were opening up on the left. The leader of the customarily performed. Labour Party, George Lansbury, was a In popular mythology Robin Hood was a pacifist who, a little earlier, had played host fighter for social justice who 'took from the to Mahatma Gandhi, a kindred soul in his rich to give to the poor'. It was, therefore, advocacy of non-violent resistance. quite appropriate that at its foundation However, the most influential trade conference in Paris in 1889 the Socialist unionist was Ernest Bevin, who International designated 'his' day, the First considered pacifism inappropriate in the age of Hitler and Mussolini, and made of May, as the Day of International Labour. German Jewish socialist Ferdinand Lassalle Accordingly on May Day 1890 tens of Lansbury step down as Labour leader. thousands of workers in London, Paris, Modern May Days are about class - and The post-Lansbury Labour Party has Berlin and Vienna marched in the streets their respective class origins created been pretty robust ever since - though demanding a 48-hour working week, salient differences between Jewish never entfrely. Pacifism is part of the trades union recognition and votes for all. socialist leaders hailing from Eastern socialist mindset, especially on the In Russia the authorities banned May Europe, and those who, born further west, continent - and, most surprisingly, in Day demonstrations and rallies, but the benefited from Jewish emancipation and countries like Gennany and Spain, that 1905 revolution led to a relaxation of the upward mobility. The original founder of were Fascist within living memory. ban. At this time there were thousands of the German labour movement, Ferdinand Given the less than cohesive state of Jewish artisans and workers in Russia's Lassalle, just like the leader of Austrian European socialism - no less than that of industrial laboiu" force. Many of them Social Democracy, Viktor Adler, was a the enlarged EU itself - May Day 2004 may joined the Bund, an organisation that bourgeois university graduate; one well prompt mayday calls. AJR JOURNAL MAY 2004 From Karl's prophecy Kitchener Camp remembered to repatriated eggs Hans Jackson Richard Grunberger Six decades ago, following the According to Marx, the evolution of terror of Kristallnacht, the flames capitalism inevitably culminates in of the burning synagogues monopoly - in other words in a small brought to light the desperate number of large firms dominating the plight of the Jewish people in Nazi entire economy. Anthony Sampson's Germany and Austria and the classic study of the oil industry was immediate need to find a place of entitled The Seven Sisters because refuge. One such haven was the that was the sum total of the US Kitchener Camp in Kent. petro-giants. Derelict since the end of World However, it appears that post- War 1, it was acquired, financed Communist Russia has driven the process towards single-digit ownership and made habitable by the British of the economy even further No matter Jewish community. During 1939 which sector one looks at - whether it is and up to the outbreak of war, the oil, natural gas or aluminium - the same camp was to be a refuge to small handful of names comes up: approximately 3,500 men fleeing Berezovsky, Gusinsky, Khodorkovsky, from Nazi persecution. Abramovitch, Vekselberg. Through the efforts of the Monitoring short-wave radio transmissions by Hans Jackson The immediate cause of the over- Jewish community, the UK concentration of economic power into government issued conditional permits the clock and with time and practice, we ever fewer hands is, of course, Yeltsin's and visas to the refugees. At the learned to assess the importance of privatisation - but the long-term cause outbreak of war, the character and these transmissions and translated the was the Soviets' addiction to huge purpose of the camp changed messages. This work gave us a great monolithic structures. By a perverse quirk of history socialist state control completely. A tribunal was set up to sense of pride and satisfaction that we has provided a shorter short-cut to clarify the status of the men in the camp were being entrusted with such a 'perfect' monopoly capitalism than as refugees. Within a few months, it sensitive and important contribution to private enterprise. became the place where the AMPC the war effort. This particular paradox mirrors several (Auxiliary Military Pioneer Corp, later However, in May 1940 with the others. All the above listed oligarchs are Pioneer Corp) originated, under the occupation of Holland and Belgium, the Jewish - yet Soviet Jews felt so command of Lord Reading. evacuation of Dunkirk and the imminent discriminated against that a million of At the same time, part of the Haig capitulation of France, the them uprooted themselves when aliyah Camp was taken over by the BBC on implementation of the Enemy Aliens became possible. behalf of the War Department in order to Act brought our stay in the camp to an In the interim, some of the oligarchs establish a service to monitor German abrupt end. The AMPC moved out. The have also left amid charges of fraud short-wave radio transmissions. remaining 700 refugees were interned brought by Putin's agents. They, in turn, Within a few days a number of huts in the Isle of Man. Incredibly, and in spite allege that Putin targets them were equipped with receivers and of our work, our group was included because of their support for liberal recorders and manned by the bilingual among those to be interned. opposition parties. camp refugees. Hans Jackson is a Berlin-born graphic Other oligarchs are half-in, half out - Our group of 150 operators was illustrator known for his 'prelude to the with Boris Abramovitch combining the trained to search, survey, register and Holocaust' paintings. Kitchener governorship of the sub-Arctic Yakutka internees, please contact Hans Jackson via Region with ownership of Chelsea FC. record the short-wave bands for AJR office. The aluminium tycoon Viktor transmissions. Working in shifts around Vekselberg meanwhile devoted his not inconsiderable fortune to repatriating AJR Journal the Faberge eggs - those prize specimen Richard Grunberger Editor-in-Chief JACKMAN • of Tsarist-sponsored art - to their country Ronald Channing Executive Editor of origin, a move that must have Howard Spier Editorial and Production SILVERMAN endeared him to every Russian patriot. AJR Journal, Jubilee House, COMMERCIAL PROPERTY CONSULTANTS Merrion Avenue, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4RL It seems that 60 years after Churchill Tel: 020 8385 3070 Fax; 020 8385 3080 uttered his famous dictum, Russia is still email: [email protected] 26 Conduit Street, London WIR 9TA a riddle wrapped up inside an enigma. vwwv.ajr.org.uk Telephone: 020 7409 0771 Fax: 020 7493 8017 AJR JOURNAL MAY 2004 Sister paper at 70 Richard Grunberger NEWTONS Leading Hampstead Solicitors advise on Back in distant 1924 a group of German- German-English publication (in this it Property, Wills, Family Trusts Jevi^sh immigrants to America who felt differs from the venerable left-leaning and Charitable Trusts rather isolated set up a club in downtown Forward, which started as a Yiddish New York as a venue for meetings and paper - with contributions from Isaac French and German spoken social contacts. The time was not Bashevits Singer - and now also appears Home visits arranged particularly propitious for newcomers to in English as well as Russian versions).