15 Exploring Below the Salt in Angola and Beyond 28 Go Take a Hike 30 The Value of Borehole Image Logs – Part 1: Introduction to Borehole Image Logs and Why They Should be Run
$10.00 JANUARY 2015 VOLUME 42, ISSUE 01 Canadian Publication Mail Contract – 40070050
JANUARY 2015 – VOLUME 42, ISSUE 01 ARTICLES
CSPG Core Conference ...... 14
Exploring Below the Salt in Angola and Beyond ...... 15 CSPG OFFICE #110, 333 – 5th Avenue SW 2014 CSPG Awards ...... 20 Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 3B6 Tel: 403-264-5610 Web: www.cspg.org The 2015 CSPG Executive Committee ...... 22 Please visit our website for all tickets sales and event/course registrations Office hours: Monday to Friday, 8:00am to 4:30pm Honorary Member – Dr. Jeffrey Packard ...... 26 The CSPG Office is Closed the 1st and 3rd Friday of every month. Go Take a Hike ...... 28 OFFICE CONTACTS Membership Inquiries Tel: 403-264-5610 Email: [email protected] The Value of Borehole Image Logs – Part 1: Introduction to Borehole Technical/Educational Events: Biljana Popovic Tel: 403-513-1225 Email: [email protected] Image Logs and Why They Should be Run ...... 30 Advertising Inquiries: Emma MacPherson Tel: 403-513-1230 Email: [email protected] DEPARTMENTS Sponsorship Opportunities: Candace Seepersad Tel: 403-513-1227 Email: [email protected] Message from the Board ...... 5 Conference Inquiries: Candace Seepersad Tel: 403-513-1233 Email: [email protected] Photo of the Month ...... 6 CSPG Educational Trust Fund: Kasandra Amaro Tel: 403-513-1234 Email: [email protected] Technical Luncheons ...... 9 Accounting Inquiries: Eric Tang Tel: 403-513-1232 Email: [email protected] Division Talks ...... 12 Executive Director: Lis Bjeld Tel: 403-513-1235, Email: [email protected] Rock Shop ...... 7, 19 EDITORS/AUTHORS Please submit RESERVOIR articles to the CSPG office. Submission deadline is the 23rd day of the month, two months prior to issue date. (e.g., January 23 for the March issue).
To publish an article, the CSPG requires digital copies of the document. Text should be in Microsoft Word format and illustrations should be in TIFF format at 300 dpi., at final size.
Technical Editor Hugh S. Mosher Nunaga Resources Ltd. M.: 403-809-9997 Email: [email protected]
CSPG Coordinating Editor Emma MacPherson, Communications Coordinator, CSPG Tel: 403-513-1230, [email protected]
The RESERVOIR is published 11 times per year by the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists. This includes a combined issue for the months of July and August. The purpose of the RESERVOIR is to publicize the Society’s many activities and to promote the geosciences. We look for both technical and non-technical material to publish. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced either in part or in full without the consent of the publisher. Additional copies of the RESERVOIR are available at the CSPG office. No official endorsement or sponsorship by the CSPG is implied for any advertisement, insert, or article that appears in the Reservoir unless otherwise noted. All submitted materials are reviewed by the editor. We reserve the right to edit all submissions, including letters to the Editor. Submissions must include your name, address, and membership number (if applicable). The material contained in this publication is intended for informational use only. While reasonable care has been taken, authors and the CSPG make no guarantees that any of the equations, schematics, or devices discussed will perform as expected or that they will give the desired results. Some information contained herein may be inaccurate or may vary from standard measurements. The CSPG expressly disclaims any and all liability for the acts, FRONT COVER omissions, or conduct of any third-party user of information contained in this publication. Alluvial fans discharge into Under no circumstances shall the CSPG and its officers, directors, employees, and agents be Doris Lake, Carcajou Range, Northwest Territories. liable for any injury, loss, damage, or expense arising in any manner whatsoever from the the lakes between the Stony Anticline of the Carcajou Range (right) and the Imperial acts, omissions, or conduct of any third-party user. Syncline (left). Photo by Wayne Laturnas. Designed and Printed by The Data Group of Companies, Calgary, Alberta.
RESERVOIR ISSUE 01 • JANUARY 2015 3 20152015 CSPG/SEPMCSPG/SEPM MountjoyMountjoy ConferenceConference ABSTRACTABSTRACT SUBMISSIONSUBMISSION NOWNOW OPENOPEN
Sessions & Session Chairs
The Nature of Unconventional Carbonate Reservoirs Jay Gregg & Mike Grammer | Oklahoma State University
Carbonate Reservoirs in Structurally Complex Regions Rudy Swennen | Division of Geology, KU Leuven
The Nature of Intensely Fractured, Vuggy Carbonates Ron Nelson | Broken N Consulting, Texas Alex J. MacNeil | Osum Oil Sands, Calgary
Advances in Modeling Carbonate Systems and Reservoirs Part 1, Methods: Georg Warrlich | Shell, Malaysia Rachel Wood | School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh
Part 2, Flow in Carbonates: Xiomara Marquez | Maersk, Doha, Qatar Fiona Whitaker | School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol
Advances in Diagenesis Eva Drivet | Drivet Consulting, Calgary Conxita Taberner | Shell, Netherlands
Dolostones – The Nature of Dolostones in the Geologic Record Hans Machel | University of Alberta, Edmonton Jeff Lonnee | Shell, Qatar
Deadline for Abstracts: March 31st, 2015
For more information visit: www.cspg.org/Conferences Message from the Board A message from Dale Leckie, Past President
CSPG BOARD Your Professional PRESIDENT Tony Cadrin • Journey Energy Inc. Organization [email protected] Tel: 403.303.3493 Your professional organization – the This meeting was small, but enthusiastically Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists attended. PRESIDENT ELECT Greg Lynch • Shell Canada Ltd. – is strong and viable. As Gordon Stabb, [email protected] Tel: 403.384.7704 CSPG 2014 Finance Director, reported last When the late Dr. Eric Mountjoy passed month the Society’s finances are in good away, he bequeathed to CSPG funds to PAST PRESIDENT shape with an appropriate reserve in place to support students attending conferences on Dale Leckie weather any unforeseen difficulties. CSPG, carbonates and structural geology. [email protected] a not-for-profit organization, was able to donate $75,000 to the CSPG ETF. Also, our Dr. Mountjoy also bequeathed funds to FINANCE DIRECTOR membership remains stable. SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) to Astrid Arts • Cenovus Energy support research. The follow-up is that we [email protected] Tel: 403.766.5862 What happened during the 2014 year? One negotiated with SEPM to hold regular (every of my personal mandates was to improve the ~4 years) carbonate conferences. In August, FINANCE DIRECTOR ELECT technical side of CSPG, as this strengthens our 2015, the inaugural SEPM-CSPG Mountjoy Scott Leroux • Long Run Exploration niche and complies with our mission statement. Carbonate Meeting entitled “Advances [email protected] 403.716.3205 To this end, we built relationships. These in Characterization and Modeling of relationships took the form of co-operative Complex Carbonate Reservoirs” will be DIRECTOR technical ventures with other societies. held in Banff. This meeting is looking to be a Mark Caplan • Athabasca Oil Corp. major international carbonate event. [email protected] Tel: 403.975.7701 2014 GeoConvention FOCUS, partnered with CSEG and CWLS, was an outstanding With AAPG, we are hosting Playmaker DIRECTOR success. One of the premiere events of Forum in March 2015, which will feature Milovan Fustic • Statoil Canada Ltd. CSPG, GeoConvention was well attended industry experts to gain improved understanding [email protected] Tel: 403.724.3307 with an extremely high technical level. of scientific and commercial requirements DIRECTOR The 2015 GeoConvention GeoScience: for successful prospect generation and Michael LaBerge • Channel Energy Inc. New Horizons annual meeting, under development of oil and gas assets. [email protected] Tel: 403.301.3739 the guidance of the new GeoConvention Partnership, is shaping up quite nicely. Did Your Alberta regulatory body is APEGA. This DIRECTOR you submit an abstract for 2015? year CSPG introduced the Tracks Awards Ryan Lemiski • Nexen Energy ULC for Industry and Associations and I am [email protected] Tel: 403.699.4413 Alberta, and thus Canada, hosts one of the pleased to congratulate APEGA on being our largest hydrocarbon resources on earth. It first Association recipient. CSPG will have a DIRECTOR is only fitting that CSPG should have regular presence in their Leadership Conference in Robert Mummery • Almandine Resources Inc. symposia to better understand that resource April 2015. [email protected] Tel: 403.651.4917 to facilitate its development. We joined forces with AAPG to organize the first CSPG-AAPG Awards, both technical and service, play DIRECTOR “Oil Sands & Heavy Oil Symposium: an important role at CSPG in honoring Darren Roblin • Kelt Exploration A Local to Global Multidisciplinary advancements in applied technical expertise [email protected] Tel: 587.233.0784 Collaboration,” in October 2015. This and in recognizing our volunteers and symposium was a resounding success. Everyone Partners who support us. geoLOGIC has DIRECTOR we talked was very happy with the format and continued to stand beside CSPG for several Jen Russel-Houston • Osum Oil Sands Corp. high calibre of technical presentations given at years. geoLOGIC shares the Tracks Awards [email protected] Tel: 403.270.4768 this symposium. Would you like organize the with APEGA. CSPG thanks both of you and next oil sands symposium? all of our volunteers and sponsors. DIRECTOR Eric Street • Jupiter Resources [email protected] Tel: 587.747.2631 As “Canada’s Energy Geoscientists” this year 2016 is shaping up to be a very big year for CSPG stepped beyond the Society’s normal CSPG - already! AAPG arrives in Calgary June EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR gas and oil boundaries. In June, we hosted 19th – 22nd for ACE 2016. CSPG will host Lis Bjeld • CSPG an international conference on geothermal the event and provide the International Core [email protected] Tel: 403.513.1235 energy, entitled Geo Energy Forum. (Continued on page 7...) RESERVOIR ISSUE 01 • JANUARY 2015 5 PHOTO OF THE MONTH
Anastomosing channels of the Alexandra river in flood conditions. Icefields Parkway. Photo by: Ryan Simpson.
6 RESERVOIR ISSUE 01 • JANUARY 2015 (...Continued from page 5) issues of the Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Conference and Core Meltdown. In March Geology. Watch for them in the future. 2016, the GeoConvention Partnership hosts its annual meeting. CSPG is also busy with In 2014, we modified some of the Director SPE in September 2016 as we collaborate to portfolios adding Directors of Affiliate present GeoScience meets Engineering. Societies, Sponsorships (Corporate Relations), Publications, Young Professional CSPG Educational initiatives are doing Geoscientists and Marketing/Memberships. very well, with short courses and field seminars throughout the year, including at Working with the 2014 CSPG Board of CORPORATE GeoConvention, our Annual Professional Directors was a lot of fun. What I found in my SPONSORS Development Week in October, SIFT and year as President is that they all have a passion. SAMARIUM the annual Student Field Trip in June. CSPG A passion for geology and for the Society that geoLOGIC systems ltd. Luncheons and Technical Division Luncheons they each bring to CSPG in a slightly different DIAMOND continue to deliver high-end, technical talks way. Thank you Alexis Anastas, Astrid Arts, Nexen ULC that are very well attended. Tony Cadrin, Andrew Fox, Milovan Fustic, AGAT Laboratories Mike LaBerge, and Ryan Lemiski, Paul MacKay, The CSPG Educational Trust Fund CSPG networking events – Squash, Classic Bob Mummery, Weishan Ren, Darren Roblin TITANIUM Golf, Mixed Golf, 10 K Road Race, Energy and Gordon Stabb. Tourmaline Oil Corp. Drivers, University Outreach Pub Night, ConocoPhillips Canada Limited Cenovus Energy the International Division Reception and I trust that all members of the CSPG are Imperial Oil Resources the Young Professionals event – provide aware of the new book on the geological APEGA tremendous opportunities for CSPG history of Canada. Entitled “Four Billion PLATINUM Members to meet one another and socialize. Years and Counting: Canada’s Geological Devon Canada Corporation I did not realize the value of these events Heritage” and published by the Canadian Suncor Energy until my Presidency in 2014 and I attended Federation of Earth Sciences, the book is Canadian Natural Resources Ltd most of them. Hopefully we will see you at available at the CSPG office and elsewhere. Baker Hughes IHS Global Canada Limited some of these events next year. This is an outstanding publication that was Shell Canada Limited heavily subsidized by several organizations The CSPG Educational Trust Fund (ETF) and companies. GOLD MEG Energy Corp. continues to grow and continues to Schlumberger Canada Limited support petroleum geoscience education. Thank you to Lis Bjeld, CSPG Executive Cabra Consulting Inc. The Trustees of the CSPG ETF will soon Director, and her staff – Biljana, Candace, Seitel Canada Ltd. undertake a major fundraising initiative. Emma, Eric, Kasandra and Kelsey. They work Husky Energy Inc. Have you made a charitable donation to the behind the scenes for your Society. SILVER CSPG ETF? Qatar Shell GTL Limited In summary, you can be proud of your Regent Resources CSPG has a new video out called “What on Society, the CSPG. We are strong and Chinook Consulting MJ Systems Earth Does a Geologist Do?” It is receiving vibrant. It is because of members like you Pengrowth Corporation really good reviews. Check it out on the and our corporate sponsors that we are in Arcis Seismic Solutions web site. such good shape. Continue to think of the CSEG CSPG as the place to come to as part of Halliburton Emerson Process Management Our publications continue through a your professional career development and to Enerplus concerted effort to create thematic dedicated network – your career home for life. EOG Resources Canada Inc.
BRONZE SeisWare ROCK SHOP Roke Technologies Ltd. Pro Geo Consultants Ikon Science Ltd. Crescent Point Energy Trust Geovariances Golder Associates Wellsite Geologists Inc. Paradigm the Rock Solid Choice McDaniel & Associates Consultants Ltd. Talisman Energy Wellsite Supervision Geomodeling Technology Corp. Project Management Pason System Graphic Well Profiles Painted Pony Petroleum Ltd. Verticals / Horizontals Earth Signal Processing Ltd EUB Sample / Core Studies RPS Energy Canada Ltd. Conventional / Un-conventional Encana Corporation 1350, 734 - 7th Ave SW GLJ Petroleum Consultants Ltd. Calgary, AB T2P 3P8 Japan Canada Oil Sands Ltd. B 403.234.7625, www.WellsiteGeologists.com Sproule Associates Limited C 403.660.9883, [email protected] Streamsim Technologies, Inc. Tucker Energy Services Canada As of December 3, 2014 A Special Thanks to Geologic Systems Ltd., CSPG’s Top Sponsor of the Month. RESERVOIR ISSUE 01 • JANUARY 2015 7
Hyatt Regency Calgary March 31, 2015
Join AAPG President-Elect John Hogg as the Playmaker Forum makes its Canadian debut! Produced by Geoscientists for Geoscientist's, the Playmaker Forum brings well- known, successful and distinguished Canadian speakers together for a day of unparalleled discussion. Your ticket includes: Speakers include: Complimentary networking lunch at the David Gardner Hyatt Regency Michael McDonough Lee Krystinik White Hat Round-Up Reception; (AAPG Past-President) appetizers and refreshments will be served Dale Leckie (CSPG President 2014 )
Register now at www.cspg.org or by calling 403-513-1233
SPONSORED BY: TECHNICAL LUNCHEONS JANUARY LUNCHEON Webcasts sponsored by
fortunes of the Province of Alberta and John Allan: The its citizens.
Founding of John Andrew Allan was born in Aubrey, Quebec, in 1884. He studied at McGill Alberta’s Energy University in Montreal and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Industries Boston, where he obtained his Ph.D. in geology in 1912. In this year, four years SPEAKER after the founding of the University of C. Willem Langenberg Alberta, Henry Marshall Tory appointed Long Mountain Research Inc. John Allan as the first Professor of Geology University of Alberta at the University. He developed courses in geology and founded the Departments of 11: 30 am Geology and Mining Engineering. As Tory Cretaceous and Tertiary bentonites, Coal- Thursday, January 8th, 2015 envisioned, this appointment helped to bed methane (CBM) and CO2 Capture and TELUS Convention Centre define and expand the role of geology Storage (CCS). He authored or co-authored MacLeod Hall CD in the development of Alberta’s natural 35 refereed articles in scientific journals, 4 South Building resources. AGS Bulletins and many AGS reports/maps. Calgary, Alberta In addition to his work as a Professor He is a member of APEGA, the Geological Please note: The cut-off date for ticket sales of the University of Alberta for thirty- Association of Canada, the Canadian Society is 1:00 pm, three business days before event. seven years and Chairman of the Geology of Petroleum Geology and the Geological (Monday, Jan 5, 2015). CSPG Member Ticket Department, John Allan was a founding Society of America. He was Publication Price: $45.00 + GST. Non-Member Ticket member of the Scientific and Industrial Manager of the Edmonton Geological Society Price: $47.50 + GST. Research Council of Alberta in 1921. He from 1993-2003. was Director of the Research Council’s Each CSPG Technical Luncheon is 1 APEGA Alberta Geological Survey from 1921 until PDH credit. Tickets may be purchased online his retirement in 1949. He was also a at https://www.cspg.org/eSeries/source/ founding member of the Canadian Society Events/index.cfm. of Petroleum Geologists (CSPG) in 1927 and the Association of Professional ABSTRACT Engineers and Geoscientists of Alberta This talk is about the recently published (APEGA) in 1920; and APEGA’s President book entitled: John Allan and the founding in 1930. He continued consulting and of Alberta’s energy industries. This book advising until his death from heart failure of photographs shows us the beginning in 1955. of Alberta’s energy industries through the eyes of Dr. John Andrew Allan, first BIOGRAPHY Chairman of the Department of Geology Willem Langenberg is presently the principal at the University of Alberta and first researcher of Long Mountain Research Inc. Director of the Alberta Geological Survey. and an Adjunct Professor at the University John Allan played a founding role in the of Alberta. Before that, he worked for the development of the mineral resources of Alberta Geological Survey for almost 35 Alberta. The pictures tell this story, which years. He obtained a Ph.D. in structural will be told again. geology from the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands in 1972. He was previously The views presented in the book follow employed by the University of Amsterdam, John Allan’s fieldwork throughout the the University of Alberta, Alberta Research province and beyond. They show us what Council, Alberta Department of Energy and he and his contemporaries saw with their the Energy Resources Conservation Board. own eyes in times past. They document how he saw the development potential He has had a longstanding career in structural of Alberta’s mineral resources, as do his geology, with emphasis during the last thirty numerous reports and papers. In a talk years on economic geology (including energy on CKUA radio in 1927, he predicted and mineral resources). He performed the the oil boom which began in 1947 with function of Project Control Officer on the inter- the discovery of the Leduc oil field. John governmental Turtle Mountain Monitoring Allan’s leadership and foresight greatly Project from 2003-2005. He is presently contributed to the success of the energy conducting investigations on the geology of industries in Alberta, which changed the Turtle Mountain (Crowsnest Pass), dating of
RESERVOIR ISSUE 01 • JANUARY 2015 9 TECHNICAL LUNCHEONS JANUARY LUNCHEON Webcasts sponsored by
ABSTRACT values ranged from 240 to 611 mg HC/g Anatomy of a With the growing global attention in TOC, with a mean of 516 mg HC/g TOC. shale gas and shale oil plays there has Petroleum Source been a renewed interest in source rock Even these ranges do not fully capture geochemistry. This has resulted in a the variability of the source, if data from Rock number of key questions concerning source elsewhere in the North Sea region are characterization, including: included. For example, TOC values SPEAKER 1) how much internal variability might be exceeding 40 wt% have been measured. Barry Jay Katz anticipated; Although the hydrogen index values 2) what is the potential impact of the suggested similar liquid hydrocarbon 11: 30 am variability on resource assessment; and products at Kimmeridge Bay across the Tuesday, January 27th, 2015 3) how best may a source be sampled to outcrop the variability across the North TELUS Convention MacLeod Hall CD “fully” understand its variability? Sea suggests that there are regions that are South Building more gas-prone character. The differences Calgary, Alberta These questions were examined, in part, in organic carbon content and hydrocarbon through the detailed sampling of the yields, which range by more than an order Please note: The cut-off date for ticket sales Kimmeridge Clay at the type locality. A of magnitude, would have direct impact is 1:00 pm, three business days before event. representation of variability was obtained on estimates of both conventional and (Thursday, Jan 22, 2015). CSPG Member from basic source rock data collected unconventional resources, if assessments Ticket Price: $45.00 + GST. Non-Member on fresh outcrop samples. Total organic were based on individual discrete samples. Ticket Price: $47.50 + GST. carbon contents, for this world-class source rock, varied between 0.88 and Discrete sampling either from an outcrop Each CSPG Technical Luncheon is 1 APEGA 21.35 wt.%, with a mean of 9.13 wt.%. or a core commonly results in bias. PDH credit. Tickets may be purchased online Samples with greater than 1.0 wt.% TOC Historically, these biases have been skewed at https://www.cspg.org/eSeries/source/Events/ had total pyrolysis yields ranging between toward the more organically enriched index.cfm. 6.31 and 126.65 mg HC/g rock, with a mean samples. This can be overcome through an of 54.16 mg HC/g rock. Hydrogen index increase in the number of samples and the
GeoConvention 2015
Abstract Deadline January 9, 2015
Submission information at www.geoconvention.com/conference/call-for-abstracts GeoConvention is a geoscience-focused annual GeoConvention 2015: New Horizons is taking place May 4-8, 2015. Our technical program and convention with over 4000 exhibition floor are at the TELUS Convention Centre from May 4-6 with the Core Conference delegates and 100 being held May 7-8 at the Core Research Centre. exhibitors. The theme this year is Geoscience: New The deadline for your poster, oral or core conference contribution is days away, please visit geoconvention.com/conference/call-for-abstracts for more information and to Horizons. Please join us as an get your paper in! exhibitor, sponsor or at- tendee to learn from, and Sponsorship opportunities are also available - contact Elwin Reichert at sponsor- network with a premier [email protected] to ensure that you get sponsorship opportunity you want. community of geoscientists. As well, our exhibit floor is nearly full - contact Vic Urban at [email protected] to reserve your spot!
www.geoconvention.com
10 RESERVOIR ISSUE 01 • JANUARY 2015 incorporation of lithologic information, so serves on the AAPG Research Committee. His that weighted averages can be generated honors include being named a Chevron Fellow, to obtain a better representation of the Honorary AAPG Member, recipient of AAPG’s unit. The analysis of cuttings samples Robert H. Dott, Sr. Memorial Award, AAPG’s introduces a different suite of problems, Distinguished Service Award, and Nigerian associated with representativeness and Association of Petroleum Explorations’ Best positioning. Regional variation also needs Presentation Award. He served as Elected to be incorporated through an examination Editor for the Houston Geological Society and of the depositional systems of the unit, as President of HGS. ensuring that the key environments are sampled accounting for the impact He continues to pursue his interests in a broad of factors such as sedimentary dilution, range of geochemical topics including: influence of storms, and oxygen content of the water column. • Source rock variability and its implications on exploration risk and resource assessment BIOGRAPHY lacustrine basins and the applications of • Lacustrine basins: their unique Barry Katz is a Chevron Fellow and team geochemistry to petroleum exploration and characteristics and implications on leader for hydrocarbon charge in Chevron’s development. He has been engaged in both exploration and production Energy Technology Company. He received his research and technical support activities and • Geochemical aspects of unconventional B.S. in geology from Brooklyn College in 1974 has worked in approximately 50 basins on six petroleum systems and his Ph.D. from the University of Miami in continents. • Unique characteristics of pre-Devonian 1979 in marine geology and geophysics. petroleum systems Barry has authored more than 75 peer- After receiving his doctorate, Barry joined reviewed papers and has edited five books. Texaco’s Bellaire Research Center where he He serves on the editorial boards of four held numerous technical and supervisory journals, including the AAPG Bulletin as Senior positions. He continued with Chevron after Associate Editor and as Editor-in-Chief of the merger in 2001, where he has been part The Open Geology Journal. He has been of Chevron’s Energy Technology Company. chairman of IODP’s Environmental Protection His work has focused on petroleum systems, and Safety Panel for the past decade and
2015 Membership Renewals
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If so, you should have already received a renewal no�ce via email. Renew your membership online now!
1. Click Sign In at the top of www.cspg.org 2. Login = your member number; Password = rst four le�ers of your last name plus your member number (all lowercase, no spaces) 3. Click your name at the top of the screen 4. Click Renew Now on the le� of the screen 5. Make an op�onal dona�on to the CSPG Educa�onal Trust Fund
RESERVOIR ISSUE 01 • JANUARY 2015 11 DIVISION TALKS INTERNATIONAL DIVISION Sponsored by Adventures in Adventures in Frontier Exploration!
Frontier CSPG International Division Talk Exploration 14 January, 2015 SPEAKER Rachel Newrick, Ph.D., P.Geoph., P.Geol. Racian Ventures
12:00pm, Noon Wednesday, January 14th, 2015 Nexen Plus 15 Conference Centre Rachel Newrick Nexen Annex Building PhD., P.Geoph., P.Geol. 7th Avenue and 7th Street SE Racian Ventures Calgary, Alberta
ABSTRACT Frontier exploration is challenging. Data are often sparse, the petroleum system unproven, the costs large, and the time frame long. But the excitement of drilling wildcat wells to test concepts, prove a hydrocarbon province, and ultimately discover hydrocarbons in new regions is incredible. From the field to drilling - come and hear a tale of West Greenland exploration. before taking on the role of Exploration luncheons. She was awarded Best Student Manager for the Mediterranean and North Paper at GeoCanada2000 and along with BIOGRAPHY Africa. On returning to Canada in 2013, to get co-author Paul Anderson was awarded 2008 Rachel Newrick obtained her BSc (Geology, back to the great outdoors, Rachel founded CSEG RECORDER Best Paper for ‘Strange but 1992) and BSc Honours (Applied Geophysics, Racian Ventures and acts as Consultant True Stories of Synthetic Seismograms’. 1993) at Victoria University of Wellington, Geophysicist to international exploration New Zealand and her PhD (Exploration companies and recently began teaching Rachel is a member of the CSEG, SEG, CSPG, Seismology, 2004) at the University of ‘Introduction to Seismic Interpretation’ with AAPG, EAGE, APEGA (P.Geoph, P.Geol) and Calgary, Canada. Since 1992 she has worked Nautilus. is the CSEG Vice President [President Elect] for BHP Petroleum in Melbourne, Occidental (2014-2015). She currently writes ‘Volunteer Petroleum in Houston, Exxon Mobil in Rachel is the co-author of the SEG Geophysical Spotlight’, a column for the CSEG RECORDER. Houston, Veritas DGC in Calgary, Nexen Monograph Series #13, ‘Fundamentals of Energy ULC in Calgary, Nexen Petroleum UK Geophysical Interpretation’ with Laurence While not working or volunteering in the in London and Cairn Energy in Edinburgh. Lines, a contributor to ‘52 Things You Should geoscience community, Rachel is travelling, While at Cairn Energy, Rachel participated Know About Geophysics’, and has presented motorcycling, skiing or enjoying fine wine with in the frontier exploration of West Greenland at a variety of conferences and technical her partner Ian. They are based in Calgary, Canada but spend a lot of time in Bellevue, Crowsnest Pass.
12 RESERVOIR ISSUE 01 • JANUARY 2015 DIVISION TALKS PALAEONTOLOGY DIVISION Sponsored by
McMurray, Alberta. The aim of this study Western United States, and all across Alberta. An Overview of is to quantify and understand the flexibility Following the completion of his undergraduate in the neck of this Plesiosaur specimen, and degree he immediately began work as a Field the Marine develop methods that can be applied to other and Lab Technician at the Royal Tyrrell Museum. Plesiosaurs. Using N. borealis, 3D renderings While at the RTMP he worked on a Plesiosaur Reptile Group have been constructed from CT data of the specimen from Fort McMurray, the Olds College cervical vertebral column; this will be used Champsosaur (which is now on display), and a Plesiosauria, and to build a functional biomechanical model. variety of Dinosaur material from Alberta. Notable Using this model a greater understanding field projects here in Alberta have included: The an Introduction of Plesiosaur lifestyle and ecology may be Milk River Daspletosaurus (“Mr. Daspleto”), three inferred, to better understand this diverse and summers in Dinosaur Provincial Park, Olds College to Deducing the interesting group of animals. Champsosaur, Okotoks Gar Block, the Red Deer River Arrhinoceratops bone bed, and the Scabby Flexibility of their BIOGRAPHY Butte bone bed. Ramon wishes to have a fulfilling Ramon Nagesan is a M.Sc. student at the career involved with palaeontology into the future. Neck University of Calgary, currently finishing the first year of his masters under the supervision of INFORMATION SPEAKER Dr. Jason S. Anderson. Ramon was born in Sri This event is presented jointly by the Alberta Ramon Nagesan, M. Sc. Candidate Lanka and moved to Toronto, where he grew Palaeontological Society, the Earth Science University of Calgary up visiting the Royal Ontario Museum as much Department of Mount Royal University, and the as possible. Ramon has always been fascinated Palaeontology Division of the Canadian Society of 7:30 PM, Friday, January 16, 2015 by the world around him: as a small child he Petroleum Geologists. For details or to present a talk Mount Royal University, Room B108 collected lizards and rocks to figure out whatever in the future, please contact CSPG Palaeontology Calgary, Alberta he could. Attending the University of Toronto for Division Chair Jon Noad at [email protected] his H.B.Sc he concentrated on Biology, Geology, or APS Coordinator Harold Whittaker at 403- ABSTRACT and Palaeontology, working with Dr. Robert Reisz 286-0349 or contact programs1@albertapaleo. Plesiosauria are a monophyletic group of on tooth wear in the Permian reptile Captorhinus org. Visit the APS website for confirmation of Mesozoic marine reptiles that have been found augti. Ramon has conducted fieldwork in many event times and upcoming speakers: http://www. on every continent, and are known from many locations including: Northern Ontario, the South albertapaleo.org/. fossil localities here in Alberta. The group first appeared toward the end of the Triassic Period and persisted until the end of the Cretaceous Period. Within Plesiosauria (=Plesiosaurs) there are several taxonomic divisions, the most major of which is the split between the two primary morphotypes: Plesiosauridae and Pliosauridae. The Plesiosauridae traditionally include the taxa that exhibit a long neck and small skull, while Pliosauridae possess generally shorter necks and larger skulls. The range of body plans within Plesiosauria (Plesiosauridae + Pliosauridae) could indicate that this group was both evolutionarily complex, and ecologically diverse. One of the most striking features of these animals is their elongate neck, which would have played a role in aspects of their lifestyle such as feeding, and swimming abilities. Since Plesiosaurs were obligate marine reptiles they would have had to deal with a range of forces different from that of terrestrial animals, and how the neck functioned in these conditions is an understudied topic area. To better understand the function of the elongate neck and its effect the lifestyle of Plesiosaurs, it is useful to understand morphology and make functional interpretations. An introduction to a functional morphology study of Nichollossaura borealis (TMP 1994.122.01) is presented here. N. borealis was collected in 1994 from rocks dating to approximately 113 million years ago in the Clearwater Formation near Fort
RESERVOIR ISSUE 01 • JANUARY 2015 13 CSPG CORE CONFERENCE | By Rachael Acker and Adam Pugh, CSPG 2015 Core Conference Co-Chairs
The CSPG Core Conference at the 2015 GeoConvention provides the annual opportunity to spark those engaging geoscience discussions, surrounded by a wide variety of cores from across Alberta, Canada and the world.
Following with the New Horizons theme of GeoConvention 2015, presenters from academia and industry will display new fields, new ideas and new technologies. Abstract submission is now open, closing on January 9th, 2015.
The CSPG core conference wouldn’t be complete without BBQ lunches provided by Weatherford, coffee and snacks provided Rocks are always at the root of our Integration of core data with various by Core Lab and the well-attended AGAT professions, forming the foundation disciplines, such as petrophysics, geophysics sponsored Core Meltdown, which wraps of any good geological or geophysical and geology improves our understanding of up the week with a great chance to mingle interpretation. Core provides that unique the rocks and creates exciting topics of and unwind with your fellow geoscientists. opportunity to peer into the subsurface discussion amongst geoscientists. It’s a rare and relate our ideas to real data, which occasion when a geoscientist isn’t spurred can be used for developing insights into into conversation after observing a core or potential or established oil and gas targets. outcrop section.
20152 0CSPG15 G eological Calendar Additional Copies Geological Calendar available for 10 dollars!
Online: www.cspg.org Office:110 - 333, 5th Ave SW
14 RESERVOIR ISSUE 01 • JANUARY 2015 EXPLORING BELOW THE SALT In Angola and Beyond | By Tako Koning, Senior Petroleum Geologist, Luanda, Angola
ANGOLA’S PETROLEUM HERITAGE Angola’s very first oil-event dates back to the late 1700’s when the Portuguese colonialists discovered oil seeps and asphalt deposits at Libongos near Caxito, 50 km northeast of Angola’s capital city of Luanda and shipped some of the asphalt to Lisbon and Rio de Janeiro to be used as caulking material to prevent leakage in the hulls of AFRICA their ships.
Then, almost a century ago, in 1915 the Portuguese oil company Companhia de SALT BASIN Pesquisias Mineras de Angola (PEMA) DOUALA RIOMUNI carried out the first-ever drilling in Angola RECIFE in the Dande River valley near the village GABON of Barra do Dande in Bengo Province, SERGIPE some 40 km north of Luanda. The first CONGO RECONCAVO well, Dande-1 was drilled to a depth of BHIA SUL KWANZA 602 m and was plugged and abandoned. ALMADA PEMA drilled a total of 7 wells in the Dande SOUTH BENGUELA River area of which all were abandoned. CAMPOS AMERICA NAMIBE However, Dande-4 drilled in 1916 to a depth of 857 m was tested and flowed at 6 SANTOS bo/d (barrels of oil per day), representing WALVIS the first-ever flow of oil in Angola. Sporadic exploration drilling for the next 40 years PELOTAS was unsuccessful. ORANGE
A key milestone occurred in 1955 when the SALADO onshore Benfica oil field was discovered just south of Luanda. The discovery, Benfica-1 COLORADO was drilled by the Belgium-based oil company, Petrofina (Fina). Oil production began in 1956. Thus 41 years had passed from the first drilling for oil in1915 by PEMA and the commencement of oil production in Angola. The oil was pumped through a and in a new geological formation was barrels of oil per day in 2008. Today, small diameter pipeline to a refinery built totally unexpected. Additional drilling by around 75 per cent of Angola’s production and operated by Fina in Luanda. Elf proved Girassol to be a giant-sized find of approximately 1.75 million bo/d is from with the oil bearing reservoir located in the Oligocene and Miocene-age reservoirs. In 1968 Cabinda Gulf Oil Company turbidite sandstones and conglomerates of (CABGOC), the subsidiary of Pittsburgh, Oligocene age. THE PRE-SALT OF BRAZIL – Pennsylvania-based Gulf Oil made Angola’s IMPLICATIONS FOR ANGOLA first offshore discovery: the Malongo This led to many more such discoveries In 2006 another milestone event happened field resulting in Angola’s first offshore in the Oligocene and Miocene sediments across the Atlantic Ocean in Brazil which production commencing in 1969. in the deep waters of Angola including by held great significance for Angola: the Chevron in Block 14, Esso in Block 15, discovery of the Lula oilfield in the offshore By 1996 Angola was producing about Total in Blocks 17 & 32, BP in Blocks 18 & Santos Basin. This field was originally called 700,000 bo/d when a truly seminal event 31, the state oil company Sonangol in Block Tupi but was renamed Lula after Brazilian occurred: the discovery of the Girassol field 4/05, ENI in Block 15/06 and Maersk Oil in President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva. in Block 17 by the French oil company, Elf Block 16. Petroleum in 1,300 m of water, 140 km off But why would a discovery in far away Brazil the coast of Angola. The success of Girassol and the follow-up have significance for Angola? Geologists oil discoveries led to a burst in Angola’s have known for many years, on the basis of The Girassol discovery stunned the oil production with the country’s oil extensive paleontological research, outcrop industry, since finding oil so far offshore production reaching almost 2.0 million (Continued on page 16...)
RESERVOIR ISSUE 01 • JANUARY 2015 15 (...Continued from page 15) Petroleum geologists quickly recognized and 6.9 trillion cubic feet of gas. Petrobras and seismic information, that in Early the implication that the Santos Basin (65% working interest) operates the field Cretaceous time (135 million years ago), deposits could be duplicated in the Kwanza on behalf of partners BG Group (25%) and Angola and Brazil were part of Pangea – and Namibe Basins, to which they were Galp Energia (10%). Two FPSOs (Floating literally “joined at the hip” – so the geology once juxtaposed. So immediately after the Production Storage & Offloading), Lula pilot of both was assumed to be identical. discovery of the Tupi field, geologists, on and Lula NE, are currently producing the the other side of the Atlantic Ocean were Lula field. The wells in Lula are averaging About 125-130 million years ago South searching through any available geological production of 25,000 bo/d per well. America began to separate from Africa and geophysical data for Tupi look-alikes. and as the continents drifted apart, an An oil field even larger than Lula was extensive rift valley was formed, containing The well which found the Lula field was discovered in the Santos Basin in 2010. large lakes with abundant organic material Tupi-1. It was drilled by Petrobras in the Petrobras, on behalf of the Brazilian that had washed off the adjacent highlands. deepwater part of the Santos Basin – in regulator Agencia Nacional do Petroleo In Angola, these sediments are known as water depths of 2,100 m, with the well (ANP) discovered Libra in 2,000 m of water. the Bucomazi formation, an exceedingly drilled a further 5,200 m below the sea floor. The discovery well intersected a continuous rich oil and gas source rock. The rift valleys The Lula field is in a high pressured, high oil column of 325 m in carbonate rocks are similar to the present-day East Africa temperature environment beneath a massive, below the salt. Test results indicated good rift system. 2 km thick salt sheet. The cost of Tupi-1 was quality light oil with 27 degree API. In a staggering $240 million, but the reward was October, 2013 a consortium of Petrobras As Africa and South America continued to finding a mega-giant oil field and the opening (40%), Shell (20%), Total (20%), CNPC (10%) move apart the sea transgressed into the up of the pre-salt oil play in Brazil. and CNOOC (10%) was awarded a 35- rift system. Since the area invaded by the year production sharing contract to develop sea was still long and narrow, from time- Accordingly, Lula was the first of the now Libra. The consortium agreed to pay to to-time the sea was cut off by adjacent land famous pre-salt oil fields in Brazil, proving Brazil’s government a signature bonus of $6.7 masses and the water evaporated, leaving that a working petroleum system exists billion for the field rights. Shell has described behind ever deepening deposits of salt. beneath the salt layer of the Santos Basin. the field as one of the largest deepwater oil Further continental separation resulted in The oil source rocks are the organically accumulations in the world. According to the laying down of more thick deposits of rich lake shales, the reservoirs are porous ANP, Libra has the potential of 8 to 12 billion marine sediments. microbalitic limestones and dolomites, and barrels of recoverable oil resources. Libra’s Project1_Layout 1 12/22/12 3:42 PM Page 1 the seal above the reservoirs is the thick, total gross peak oil production could reach Fast-forward 130 million years, and Brazil is impervious salt layer. 1.4 million bo/d, according to ANP. now 7,000 km west of Angola. Nonetheless, the discovery of the Lula oilfield in Brazil According to Petrobras, the field has Since the discovery of Lula, many more pre- was truly a milestone event for Angola. recoverable reserves of 5.3 billion barrels oil salt oil and gas fields including Libra have
SPREADING BRAZIL CENTER ANGOLA
POST-SALT MARINE SHALES
IMPERVIOUS SALT LAYER UP TO 2 KM THICK
POROUS OIL FIELDS LIMESTONES & DOLOMITES POROUS LAKE SANDSTONES
PRE-CAMBRIAN OIL HIGHLY ORGANIC GRANITES AND VOL- OIL GENERATING CANICS LAKE SHALES
16 RESERVOIR ISSUE 01 • JANUARY 2015 been found in the Santos Basin as well as in ANGOLA’S RECENT PRE-SALT degrees API oil and 14.3 million cubic feet of the more northern Campos Basin, and oil SUCCESSES associated gas per day thus approximately a industry analysts such as Wood Mackenzie For petroleum explorers, the deepwater total of 7,400 barrels of oil-equivalent per and IHS have estimated that Brazil’s pre-salt Kwanza Basin has become one of the most day. Cobalt reported that the well confirmed reserves could amount to some 20 – 30 exciting basins in the world. A historic the presence of 360 m of gross continuous billion barrels of recoverable oil, while ANP event occurred in 2011 with the awarding oil column with over 75% net-to-gross. No has stated that that the reserves could be as of 11 pre-salt blocks by Sonangol to BP, gas-oil nor oil-water was evident on the much as 50 billion barrels. Cobalt International, ENI, Total, Repsol, wireline logs. Cobalt stated that it believed ConocoPhillips, and Statoil. that the well has the potential to produce in The impact of the pre-salt discoveries excess of 20,000 bo/d. on Brazil has been dramatic: Brazil’s oil In 2011, the Danish oil company, Maersk production is now 2.1 million bo/d of Oil had already embarked on drilling in Approximately one year later, Cobalt which 640,000 bo/d is from the pre-salt deepwater Kwanza Basin Block 23 and in announced another important pre-salt fields. Approximately 50% of the pre-salt early 2012 announced the results of its first discovery which was the Lontra-1 well production is from the Santos Basin and the well, Azul-1 drilled specifically to evaluate a drilled in Block 20. This well was drilled to other 50% is from the Campos Basin. The pre-salt prospect. The well was drilled in a a total depth of 4,195 m and penetrated 75 oil production is coming from only 31 wells water depth of 902 m to a depth of 5,330 m of high quality reservoir section. The well which is equivalent to 21,000 bo/d per well. m. Azul-1 was tested at 3,000 bo/d. In the produced at a stabilized flow rate of 2,500 Petrobras believes that output from these history of Angola’s oil industry, this well barrels per day of condensate and 39.0 reserves will grow and bring Brazil’s overall is historic since it was the first-ever deep million cubic feet of gas per day. According output to about 4 million bo/d – nearly water well drilled in the Kwanza Basin which to Cobalt, the flow rates were significantly double the country’s current production. flowed oil from the pre-salt. restricted by the surface test facilities on the drilling rig. From an economic view point, the pre- The announcement of the Azul-1 oil salt production is extremely important for discovery was shortly followed up by the An additional very encouraging well was Brazil. The production from Brazil’s mature announcement by Houston, Texas-based drilled by Cobalt in the first half of 2014. post-salt fields has been declining rapidly. Cobalt International Exploration of the The Orca-1 well was drilled in Block 20 to Brazil is approximately oil neutral meaning success of its first well drilled in Block a depth of 3,872 m and intersected 76 m of that its oil consumption is met by its 21 in the Kwanza Basin, Cameia-1 which pay in a section which Cobalt described as oil production. But had the pre-salt fields tested high quality oil from the pre-salt. having excellent reservoir quality. Orca-1 not been discovered, then Brazil would Cameia-1 was drilled in a water depth of flowed at a facility-constrained rate of 3,700 have needed to begin importing significant 1,680 m. An extended DST (drill stem test) bo/d and 16.3 million cubic feet of gas per volumes of oil which would have had a was performed on Cameia-1 which flowed day with minimal drawdown. Cobalt has serious impact on Brazil’s economy. at a sustained rate of 5,010 bo/d of 44 (Continued on page 18...)
RESERVOIR ISSUE 01 • JANUARY 2015 17 a frontier exploration discovery offshore Gabon. The Leopard-1 well was drilled 145 km off the coast of Gabon in 2,100 m water depth and was drilled to a total depth of 5,063 m. The well encountered a gas column with approximately 200 m of net gas pay in a pre-salt reservoir. Shell has a 75% interest in the discovery and CNOOC is a partner in the well with 25%.
The recent pre-salt discoveries in Gabon and Congo Brazzaville are encouraging. However, the reservoirs are sandstones so these discoveries are not fully geologically equivalent to the microbalite carbonate reservoirs which are so prolific in Brazil and which have been discovered in Angola.
THE FUTURE As the oil industry keenly watches the success or failure of more drilling in West Africa, everyone is questioning if the (...Continued from page 17) in the pre-salt in deepwater Gabon. The success of Brazil’s pre-salt oil play will truly a 40% working interest in Block 20 and is water depth of Diaman-1 was 1,730 m and be duplicated in West Africa. At this time, partnered by Sonangol and BP, each with the drill depth was 5,585 m. Partners in it is entirely speculative. More exploration 30% working interests. the well included Cobalt and Marathon Oil. wells are needed. In about two more years time, our knowledge of West Africa’s pre- However, as with any oil exploration play In 2012, in Congo Brazzaville the Italian oil salt will be much clearer. worldwide, there have also been some company ENI encountered success in the failures. ConocoPhillips reported a dry hole Nene Marine-1 pre-salt oil discovery. The Angola and Brazil have a common cultural on the western edge of the pre-salt play well was drilled in the shallow waters 17 km heritage due to both countries were and most recently Statoil reported two dry off the Congo Brazzaville coastline in a water colonized by Portugal. Portuguese is the holes. Also, Petrobras drilled the Ogonga-1 depth of 24 m. The reservoir is not pre-salt national language of both countries. Will well which encountered gas that proved to microbalite carbonates similar to the pre- the cultural commonality also extend to be entirely CO2. salt oil discoveries of Brazil and Angola but a commonality in the pre-salt oil and rather is pre-salt sandstones. The discovery gas reservoirs? In the case of Angola, THE PRE-SALT BEYOND ANGOLA was tested at 5,000 bo/d of 36 degrees API more drilling will provide answers to such The discovery of the Tupi oil field in Brazil’s oil. A third well, Nene Marine-3 drilled 2 km questions. Santos Basin also led the international oil westwards from the discovery well confirmed explorers to look along the entire West the hydrocarbons and reservoir continuity. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Africa margin. ENI estimates the in-place resources at 1.2 Holland-born Canada-raised Tako Koning billion barrels of oil and about 1.0 trillion graduated with a B.Sc. in Geology from Exploration wells focused on extending the cubic feet of gas. In February, 2014 ENI’s the University of Alberta and a B.A. in pre-salt oil play southwards from Angola upstream chief operating officer, Claudio Economics from the University of Calgary. have been drilled offshore Namibia but Descalzi told analysts that the Nene Marine He joined the oil industry in 1971 and has without success. These wells, all dry holes, discovery had “cracked the pre-salt code in 43 years of experience which includes 27 were drilled in the last two years by Congo-Brazzaville” and that further potential years overseas in Indonesia, Nigeria and BP, Petrobras, Repsol and the Brazilian will be sought by ENI in a dedicated 2014 Angola. He has been a life-time member of company - HRT Oil & Gas. Oil industry exploration program. the CSPG. He lives in Luanda, Angola and analysts have reported that no salt has is currently consulting for Gaffney Cline been encountered in any wells drilled Thereafter ENI announced in July, 2014 a & Associates. In Luanda he is an active offshore Namibia and likely that pre-salt significant new pre-salt gas and condensate member of the boards of directors of the oil-generating source rocks are not present discovery in the shallow waters of Gabon. AAPG, SPE, and SPWLA. He also leads in Namibia. ENI revealed that the Nyonie Deep-1 well geological field trips north of Luanda for oil was located in 28 m of water about 13 km industry professionals, university students However, exploration in the pre-salt off the coast of Gabon and was drilled to and the public-at-large to study Cretaceous northwards of Angola exploration has met a depth of 4,314 m. The well intersected a sedimentary rocks and robust seepages of with encouragement beginning in Gabon. 320 m thick hydrocarbon bearing section pre-salt oil which occur along the eastern In 2012, Total announced that the Diaman- in a pre-salt clastic sequence of Aptian age margins of the Kwanza Basin. 1B well, the first well to explore in the (110 million years old). According to ENI, pre-salt of deepwater Gabon, encountered the initial potential in-place resources are up to 55 m of gas and condensate pay in 500 million barrels of oil-equivalent. pre-salt sandstones thus confirming the existence of a working petroleum system Lastly, in October, 2014 Shell announced
18 RESERVOIR ISSUE 01 • JANUARY 2015 ROCK SHOP
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RESERVOIR ISSUE 01 • JANUARY 2015 19 2014 CSPG AWARDS Ashton Embry Randy Smith SPECIAL AWARD H.M. Hunter Award Phil Esslinger Tom Sneddon for Distinguished Service to the Society President’s Special Recognition Richard Evoy Meghan Speers Norbert Alwast Award Peter Fermor Lavern Stasiuk Patrick Fothergill Frank Stoakes for Significant, Outstanding, and Sustained Tracks Award Jocelyn Frankow Glen Stockmal Contributions to Canadian Petroleum Geology for Members Who Have Set New Lloyd Freeman Naomi Storey R. Perry Glaister Standards of Excellence Riona Freeman Martin Teitz Phil Esslinger Robert G. McCrossan David Garner Scott Thain Dawn Hodgins Chad Glemser Richard Thom Geoffrey Speers TECHNICAL AWARDS Darcie Greggs Clint Tippett Eric Street Matthew Hall Tony Wain Stanley Slipper Gold Medal Tony Hamblin John Waldron Partner Tracks Award for Outstanding Career Contributions to Peter Harrington Michael Webb for Associations, Companies or Institutions Oil and Gas Exploration in Canada Peter Hay Gerald Wendland That Have Contributed to the Society’s Wayne K. Foo Doug Hayden Jay Williams Pre-eminence, Welfare and Reputation Simon Haynes Andrew Willis The Association of Professional Fran Hein Keith Yaxley R.J.W. Douglas Medal Engineers and Geoscientists of Denise Hodder John-Paul Zonneveld for Outstanding Contributions to the Alberta (APEGA) Dawn Hodgins Understanding of Sedimentary Geology geoLOGIC systems ltd. John Hogg Volunteer Awards in Canada Norman Hopkins for Members who have George Pemberton Service Awards Kristy Howe served the Society for up for Members who have Served the Society Stephen Hubbard to Five Years for over Five Years Honorary Membership Michele Innes for Distinguished Service to the Society Dale Issler Kyle Anderson James Ablett Paul MacKay Wim Jalink Sajjad Ansari Linden Achen Glenn Karlen Bill Arnott Norbert Alwast Don Keith Ryan Axani Link Award George Ardies Ian Kirkland Graham Banks for Best Presentation Peter Aukes Peter Kouremenos Kent Barrett – Technical Luncheon Series Bill Ayrton Shawn Lafleur Kelly Batten Hender Allard Martinius Olena Babak Larry Lane Jessica Beal Jim Barclay Sid Leggett Nadine Beaudoin Philip Benham Medal of Merit Alex MacNeil Ali Beken Tim Bird for Best Paper Related to Robin Mann Barry Bennett Graeme Bloy Canadian Petroleum Geology Ian McIlreath Khaled Benzaoui Chuck Buckley Ben McKenzie Michael Blair Jennifer Adams Mark Caplan Margot McMechan Jeff Boissonneault Steve Larter Jean-Yves Chatellier Dennis Meloche Mary Luz Borrero Barry Bennett Richard Chisholm David Middleton Sonia Brar Haiping Huang Nancy Chow Stephen Minions Ryan Brenner Joseph Westrich Andre Chow Ryan Mohr Christy Brisebois Shawna Christensen Cor van Kruijsdijk David Morrow Carson Brown Penny Christensen “The dynamic interplay of oil mixing, Tom Moslow Edlyn Bruni David Clyde charge timing, and biodegradation in Rob North Gary Bugden Douglas Colvin forming the Alberta Oil Sands: Insights from Brenda Pearson Whitney Bysterveld Debbie Cook John Peirce Octavian Catuneanu geologic modeling and biogeochemistry,” Andrew Cook Guy Plint Gareth Chalmers published in Heavy-oil and oil-sand Thomas Cox Frank Pogubila Burns Cheadle petroleum systems in Alberta and beyond. Barrie Dargie Bob Potter Guoxiang Chi AAPG Studies in Geology 64, Tim De Freitas Brian Pratt Michelle Clements p. 23-102 (2013) Foon Der Weishan Ren John Cockbill Ian DeWolfe Claude Ribordy Peter Cooper Steve Donaldson VOLUNTEER AWARDS Kevin Root Noel Devere-Bennett Tina Donkers Terry Sami Ruben Dominguez President’s Award Eva Drivet Chris Seibel James Duggan for Outstanding Service by a CSPG Member Dave Drover Stacia Skappak Carmen Dumitrescu Peter Hay Steve Dryer Heather Slavinski Kyle Durocher Markus Ebner
20 RESERVOIR ISSUE 01 • JANUARY 2015 Nanna Eliuk Caterina Heikkinen Sabita Makoon-Singh Kevin Parks Stan Stancliffe Mona Enachescu Brian Hester Vanessa Marcheggiani- Chad Pennell Achilles Stavropoulos Marc Enter Amir Hosseini Croden Mary-Ellen Price Eric Street Alison Essery Roger Hume Leena Markatchev Kevin Pyke Rudy Strobl Colin Etienne Laura Hynes Allard Martinius Garrett Quinn Percy Strong Mathew Fay Melany Hysert Jane Marzetti Diana Ramirez Aguilar Amy Switzer David Finch Art Irwin Darin McCollum Melanie Regehr Ryan Szol Jeff Fisher Biyi Ishola Heidi McDonald Duncan Robertson Damien Thenin Francis Fortin-Morin Bryce Jablonski Jayd McGrath Cindy Robinson Andrew Thomas Amy Fox Rebecca Jacksteit Les McMillan Mike Rogers Eric Thornhill Jason Frank Trevor Johnson Megan Miller Kristin Rohr Brian Tuffs Jean-Francois Gagnon Samantha Jones Keith Millis Jen Russel-Houston Elizabeth Turner Walt Gamp Tyler Klatt Peter Miskell Deborah Sanderson Victoria Walker Robert Gardner Melanie Klucker Aliyyah Mohamed Cynthia Sawatzky Pei-Ling Wang David Gardner Carl Knudsen Kevin Morrison Armin Schafer Marissa Whittaker Dan Gee Jürgen Kraus Andrew Mort Tyler Schmidt Dan Wright Raymond Geuder Nate Kreiger Hugh Mosher Jesse Schoengut Tiffiny Yaxley Sasan Ghanbari Ross Kukulski Jacey Neumann Lianabel Selviz Denise Yee Sharon Gray Glenn Larson Melissa Newton Nicole Sendziak Stefan Zanon Meriem Grifi Jason Lavigne Eric Niven Jason Shtand Yi Zhao Tony Habib Jim Lee Jon Noad Megan Simons Dale Hardcastle Matt Leforte Jennifer Noade Brant Skibsted Awards will be presented Nancy Harland Paul Levesque Darcy Novak Catherine Skilliter at the CSPG Awards Richard Harris Jaime Lo Brett Nwokeforo Kelly Skuce Ceremony during Tim Hartel Adam MacDonald Ted Ogungbe Warren Smart GeoConvention 2015 Mehran Hassanpour Kevin Mageau Taylor Olson Geoffrey Speers (May 4-8, 2015) Gareth Hatto Robert Mahood Robert Panek Ron Spencer
CSPG Annual General Meeting
Please join us on January 8th, 2015 for the CSPG AGM and first Technical Luncheon of 2015
AGM - 11:30am - 12:00pm Technical Luncheon - 12:00pm - 1:00pm
For more information and to register online please visit www.cspg.org
RESERVOIR ISSUE 01 • JANUARY 2015 21 THE 2015 CSPG EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
PRESIDENT – TONY CADRIN
EDUCATION: B.Sc. Geology, University of Saskatchewan (1985); Ph.D. Geology, University of Saskatchewan (1992). EXPERIENCE: VP Geosciences, Thunder Energy Trust/ Sword Energy/Journey Energy (2006-Present); Geoscience Manager, Thunder Energy Trust (2005-2006); Geologist, Impact/Thunder Energy (2001-2005); Geologist, Startech (2000- 2001); Geologist, Anderson Exploration (1997-2000); Geologist, PanCanadian (1991-1997). PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS: CSPG, AAPG, APEGA, CSEG. CSPG ACTIVITIES: CSPG East Coast Ambassador (2013); 2010 GeoCanada Convention (2010); CSPG Committee on Conventions/ JACC (2005-2010); CSPG Webcasts Program (2003-2004); Tech Lunch Committee Chair/ Link Committee (2002- 2005); CSPG Program Director (2001); CSPG Services Director (1998-1999); Convention Technical Committee and session Chair (1988); Student Industry Field Trip Committee member/Chair (1991-1996); CSPG Member since 1984. AWARDS: CSPG Presidents Award 2009; CSPG Volunteer Award; CSPG Services Award; CSPG Tracks Award.
PRESIDENT ELECT – GREG LYNCH
EDUCATION: B.Sc. Geology, University of Ottawa (1983); M.Sc. Geology, Washington State University (1985) Ph.D. Geology, University of Alberta (1989). EXPERIENCE: Shell Canada Ltd (1998-present); Geological Survey of Canada (1989-1998). PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS: CSPG, APEGA. VOLUNTEER CSPG/CSEG/CWLS GeoConvention General Co-Chair – Integration (2013); Geoconvention Partnership Agreement WORK: Committee (2012-2013); GeoCanada 2010 Convention Organizing Committee; CSPG Finance Director (2010-2011); Earth Science for Society Committee (2009-2010); CSPG Trust Fund Committee (2007-2009); CSPG Outreach Director (2007-2009); CSPG Bulletin Associate Editor (2001-2007); SIFT Fieldtrip Leader (1999-2005); CSPG speaker and chair at several conventions and luncheons; 20 refereed publications within and outside CSPG. AWARDS: CSPG Volunteer/Service Awards; CSPG Tracks Award.
PAST PRESIDENT – DALE LECKIE
EDUCATION: B.Sc. (Honours), University of Alberta (1977); M.Sc., McMaster University (1979); Ph.D., McMaster University (1984). EXPERIENCE: Nexen Energy ULC (1998-present); Geological Survey of Canada (1985-1998); Petro-Canada (1983-1985). PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS: CSPG, AAPG, APEGA, APEGS, SEPM. CSPG ACTIVITIES: CSPG Conference Organization; Co-Organizer of 2009 CSPG William C. Gussow Geoscience Conference “Towards Sustainable Oil Sands Development.” Oct 5-7, 2009, Banff, Canada; Co-Chaired 1988 CSPG Conference on Sequences, Stratigraphy, Sedimentology: Surface and Subsurface (1,100 delegates); CSPG Technical Luncheon Presentations – 2009, 2004, 1997, 1995, 1996a, 1996b, 1993, 1987, 1985. PUBLICATIONS: Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology – 16 papers; CSPG Memoirs and others – 6 papers; Edited CSPB Books, Co-Editor of CSPG 1988 Memoir 15, Sequences, Stratigraphy, Sedimentology: Surface and Subsurface, Leckie, D.A. and Barclay, J.E. 2011. Gas Shale of the Horn River Basin – Discovery, Potential and Future, CSPG Publication; Numerous CSPG Core Conference and Field Trip publications; CSPG Gussow Conference Committee Chair – 2011/12. AWARDS: CSPG Medal of Merit (2005), best paper in Canadian Petroleum Geology; CSPG Service Award 1996/97; CSPG Link Award 1995; CSPG Medal of Merit (1987), best paper in Canadian Petroleum Geology; CSPG Distinguished Lecturer 1986; CSPG Honourable Mention, Best Ph.D. thesis (1985); Several AAPG and SEPM awards.
FINANCE DIRECTOR – ASTRID ARTS
EDUCATION: B.Sc. (Honours), Geology, University of Alberta (1995); M.Sc., Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta (2000). EXPERIENCE: Cenovus Energy (2013-Present); Barrick Energy (2011-2013); ConocoPhillips Canada/Conoco/Gulf/Crestar (1998-2006). PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS: CSPG, AAPG, APEGA, SPE. CSPG ACTIVITIES: Chair Electronic Communications Committee (2005-2009); CSPG Executive - Services director (2004-2005); Educational Trust Fund - Director (2003); Diamond Jubilee Convention - Publicity & Marketing Chair (2002); Digging Deeper, Diamond Jubilee Convention -Publicity & Marketing Chair (2002); Rock the Foundation Convention – Special Events Chair (2001). AWARDS: CSPG Tracks Award (2002, 2009), CSPG Service Award (2001, 2005, 2010).
22 RESERVOIR ISSUE 01 • JANUARY 2015 FINANCE DIRECTOR ELECT – SCOTT LEROUX
EDUCATION: B.Sc. Geography, Simon Fraser University (1998); M.Sc., Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University (2000). EXPERIENCE: Long Run Exploration (2014-present); Surge Energy (2011-2014); Encana Corporation/Pan Canadian (2000-2011). PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS: CSPG, APEGA, CWLS, SEPM. VOLUNTEER CSPG Executive – Program Director (2009-2011); Technical Program Chair 2008 CSPG/CSEG/CWLS annual WORK: Joint Convention; CSPG Committee on Conventions – now JACC (2004-2006 & 2009-2011); Chair (2yrs) and Co-Chair (2yrs) of the CSPG Sedimentology Division (2001–2004); Student Industry Field Trip (SIFT) – Clastic Core Workshop (2001-2003). AWARDS: CSPG Volunteer/Service Awards; CSPG Graduate Student Award – Best Msc. Thesis - 2001.
DIRECTOR – MARK CAPLAN
EDUCATION: B.Sc. (Honours) Geology, University of Wales (1989); M.Sc. Geology, University of Alberta (1992); Ph.D. Geology, University of British Columbia (1997). EXPERIENCE: Senior Geological Advisor, Athabasca Oil Corporation (2014-Present); Geoscience Manager, Athabasca Oil Corporation/Brion Energy (2007-2014); Staff Geologist, Shell Canada Ltd. (2002-2007); Geologist, Total S.A. (1997-2002). PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS: CSPG, AAPG, APEGA, CHOA, CWLS, SEPM. VOLUNTEER Basin Analysis and Sequence Stratigraphy Technical Division Co-Chair (2004 - Present); CSPG WORK: GeoConvention Session Co-Chair (2004-2014); CSPG Core Convention Co-Chair (2004). AWARDS: CSPG Volunteer Award (2007); CSPG Service Award (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013).
DIRECTOR – MILOVAN FUSTIC
EDUCATION: B.Sc. (Geology), Laurentian University (1985); M.Sc. (Geology), University of Alberta (1988). EXPERIENCE: Statoil Canada Ltd. (2011-present); Nexen Energy ULC (2006-2011); Petroleum Reservoir Group, University of Calgary (2004-2006); Albian Sands Inc. (2000-2004); TIH Consulting Ltd. (1997-2000); Magnohrom (1994-1997); Naftagas (1993-1994). PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS: CSPG, APEGA, AAPG, CHOA, IAS, SEPM. CSPG ACTIVITIES: CSPG Technical Chair for GeoConvention 2013; CSPG GeoConvention Session Chair (2009, 2011); CSPG Technical Luncheon Presentation 2013; CSPG Short Course and Field Trip Instructor (2010-present). AWARDS: CSPG Medal of Merit (2011), best paper in Canadian Petroleum Geology; CSPG Medal of Merit Honourable Mention (2009), Geoscience Advancements (2002).
DIRECTOR – MICHAEL LABERGE
EDUCATION: B.Sc. (Honours, Geology and Biology), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia (1977). EXPERIENCE: Geologist, Channel Energy Inc. (present); Senior Exploration Geologist, Surge Energy Inc. (2010-2013); Geologist, Channel Energy Inc. (2008-2011); Partner, Intercept Resources Inc. (2007-2008); VP Exploration, Tuscany Energy Ltd (2007); VP Exploration, SunOcean Energy Ltd. (2005-2007); Geologist, Channel Energy Inc. (1999-2005); Consulting Geologist/ Co-Manager Exploration Geology/ District Manager. Crestar Energy Inc. (1991-1999); VP Exploration, Tarragon Oil and Gas Limited (1990- 1991); Exploration Manager, Vanguard Petroleum Limited (1985-1989); Geologist, Flame Oil & Gas Ltd. (1980-1985); Geologist, Amoco Canada Petroleum Company Limited (1977-1980). PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS: CSPG, AAPG CSPG ACTIVITIES: Classic Gold Committee (1993-2013); Advisory Committee for the Advantage Program (1994-1995). AWARDS: CSPG Tracks Awards (2012); CSPG Service Award (1994, 2009, 2010, 2011).
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RESERVOIR ISSUE 01 • JANUARY 2015 23 (...Continued from page 23)
DIRECTOR – RYAN LEMISKI
EDUCATION: B.Sc. Honors Geology, University of Alberta (2006); M.Sc. Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta (2010); P.Geo. EXPERIENCE: Petrophysicist, Nexen Energy ULC (2012 - Present); Exploration Geologist, Talisman Energy Inc. (2011-2012); Petroleum Geologist, Northwest Territories Geoscience Office (2010-2011). PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS: CSPG, AAPG, APEGA, CWLS VOLUNTEER ‘On Belay’ Session Chair, 2014 GeoConvention (2014); bicisport Calgary Cycling Club (2014); Lead, Canada Region ACTIVITIES: Young Professionals AAPG (2010-Present); Vice President / Treasurer, Canada Region of the AAPG (2013-2014); Secretary / Forman, Canada Region of the AAPG (2012-2013); Delegate, Canada Region of the AAPG (2012-Present). AWARDS: Best Student Core Presentation, 2008 GeoConvention. DIRECTOR – ROBERT MUMMERY
EDUCATION: Univ. of Western Ontario, Hons. B.Sc. Geology (1968); McMaster University, Ph.D. Geology (1973). EXPERIENCE: District Geologist/Chief Staff Geologist, Home Oil; Chief Geologist/Vice President-Interpretation/Vice President, Seieslog; Executive Vice President, Teknica Resource Development Ltd.; Manager Strategic Exploration Projects/ Foothills Team Leader/Northern Team Leader, Wascana/Saskoil; Founder/Vice President – Exploration, Golden Eagle Energy; Corp. Director, Unbridled Energy Corp.; Director, Altima Resources Inc. PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS: APEGA, AAPG, CGC, CSEG, CSPG, CNC/IUGS, MNABES, MACST, SEG.
DIRECTOR – DARREN ROBLIN
EDUCATION: B.Sc. E (Honours, Geological Engineering), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario (1997); MBA, University of Calgary – Haskayne School of Business (2013). EXPERIENCE: Chief Geophysicist, Endurance Energy (2013-Present); Geophysical Manager, Marquee Energy (2012-2013); Exploration Manager, Shale Petroleum (2012); Geophysical Advisor, NuVista Energy (2003-2012); Senior Geophysicist, BonaVista Energy (2000-2003); Geophysicist, Crestar Energy (1997-2000). PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS: CSPG, AAPG, APEGA, CSEG.
DIRECTOR – JEN RUSSEL-HOUSTON
EDUCATION: B.Sc. (Honors) Geology, Queen’s University (1995); B.Ed, Ottawa University (1996); Ph.D. Geology, Dalhousie University (2001). EXPERIENCE: VP – Geoscience, Osum Oil Sands Corp. (2008 - Present); Subsurface Team Lead & Geologist, Shell (2001-2008). PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS: CSPG, AAPG, IAS, SPE. CSPG ACTIVITIES: Associate Editor, Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology (2010 – Present); Volunteer Committee (2012-2013). AWARDS: Volunteer Award (2012-2014).
DIRECTOR – ERIC STREET
EDUCATION: B.Sc. Earth Science, Simon Fraser University (2009). EXPERIENCE: Jupiter Resources (2014-Present); Petroamerica Oil Corp. (2014); Suroco Energy (2011-2014); Encana Corporation (2009-2011). PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS: CSPG, AAPG, APEGA. CSPG ACTIVITIES: GeoConvention 2014 Technical Co-Chair. AWARDS: Tracks Award (2014).
24 RESERVOIR ISSUE 01 • JANUARY 2015 STUDENTS!
Did you know there is over $26,000 available in CSPG awards and scholarships?!
Scholarship/Award Amount available Applica�on Deadline Regional Graduate Scholarship 4 x $1000 January 15, 2015 Undergraduate Awards 4 x $1000 January 23, 2015 Student Event Grants 5 x $1000 March 6, 2015 Graduate Master’s Thesis Award $4000 September 15, 2015 Graduate Doctoral thesis Award $5000 September 15, 2015 Andrew Baillie Award 2 x $2000 GeoConven�on 2015 HONORARY MEMBER – Dr. Jeffrey Packard
Dr. Packard joined the CSPG in 1985 and Canadian Federation of Earth Sciences, as the next year instigated and then chaired well as the Associate Editor for the Bulletin. the Canadian Reef Inventory Project He participated in the Steering Committee through its five year life, culminating in an for the GeoCanada2010 Convention. From extremely successful international research 2010 to 2012 Jeff was CSPG’s representative symposium, and the publication of CSPG on Canada’s International Geological Memoir 13 – “Reefs: Canada and Adjacent Congress 2020 bid committee. In the last Areas.” He was a member of the Geological few years, he has been a Member and Chair Atlas team from 1991 through 1994, (2012) of the Earth Science for Society and then became the General Chair for Organizing Committee, as well as a member carbonate sessions at the 1994 Convention. of Arctic Medal committee. Jeff was a In 1997, he co-chaired the CSPG-SEPM founder of the Carbonate Liars Club of Joint Conference. This convention saw a Calgary in 1988. This ad hoc but remarkably number of firsts including the establishment successful group dedicated to the informal of the Core Meltdown. In 2004, he co- exchange of technical information and ideas chaired the Dolomite Conference, a highly pertaining to carbonates, (as well as the successful three day. He started his three consumption of beer!), still thrives in 2014. Dr. Jeffrey Packard earned his B.Sc. in year Executive term in 2004. In particular Jeff’s extensive involvement in CSPG has Geology from Concordia University in as President and Past President, Jeff earned him 7 Awards: a Tracks Award 1976. In 1983 Jeff and his wife Buffy moved worked diligently to bring about a greater (1987), a President’s Award (1998), two to Calgary where Jeff was employed at the degree of cooperation within the Canadian Service Awards (2004, 2013) and three Geological Survey of Canada working on geosciences community, which culminated Volunteer Awards (2008, 2010, 2012). the geology of southern Ellesmere Island. in the founding of the Canadian Federation In 1985, he graduated from the University of Earth Sciences. The father of three sons, Jeff has been of Ottawa with a Ph.D. in Geology after volunteering in his community and his boys defending his doctoral dissertation on In 2009, he was a co-instigator of sporting activities since 1993, including stratigraphy and carbonate sedimentology Foundations: a public outreach effort as a District Captain for Alberta Heart of the Upper Silurian Barlow Inlet relating Canadian landscape art with and Stroke, Beaver Leader, soccer coach Formation in Canada’s High Arctic. He bedrock geoscience in conjunction with and member of the local outdoor ice rink followed this with a further year of post- the Glenbow Museum and the International maintenance crew. He also was a Councilor doctoral studies, at the GSC’s Institute of Year of Planet Earth. From 2007 through of the Geological Association of Canada Sedimentary and Petroleum Geology. 2010, Dr. Packard was a director of the (2007-2009).
26 RESERVOIR ISSUE 01 • JANUARY 2015 As if his volunteer work didn’t keep volunteered in 2013 as an Earth Science in the mining, academic, government, him busy enough, his work experience Specialist at the Pembina Institute, an and petroleum sectors. This breadth of is just as extensive. He started with environmental NGO and think-tank. Most exposure in the world of geoscience is Urangesellschaft Canada in 1974 as a recently Jeff, unable to entirely give up his unusual and most laudable, although Jeff Uranium Exploration Geologist. During love for geology, has been employed as a is quick to credit his “serendipitous” but his Ph.D. studies, he worked as a sessional contract carbonate specialist at Enhance rewarding career to an uncanny inability to lecturer at the University of Ottawa, and Energy, doing reservoir groundwork for focus! Nonetheless he has made important then as a Post-Doctoral Fellow at the a carbon sequestration and enhanced oil contributions to the upstream oil industry, GSC. He started work in the oil patch recovery project. which consistently demonstrates a critical at Texaco as their Carbonate Specialist understanding of the complex interplay in 1986, then filled a similar role at Esso. Throughout his distinguished career, Dr. of geological processes and petroleum Dr. Packard started consulting in 1992, Packard has published extensively on accumulation. His volunteerism is working at a wide range of projects a wide range of topics, and has made exemplary and his leadership in both CSPG including exploration and development, and significant contributions on brine reflux and and industry is well known. The CSPG is multi-client regional studies. From 1998 hydrothermal dolomitization, silicification proud to welcome Dr. Jeffrey Packard into through 2006, he was Senior Carbonate and karsting, as well as various aspects of the ranks of Honorary Members. Specialist and Explorationist, first at Poco, Paleozoic Arctic geology. then Burlington, followed by a year as the Senior Geologist, Paleozoic Lead at He has contributed at least 28 papers to ConocoPhillips. His last role before retiring various CSPG-hosted conferences and has in 2011 was Advisor of Sedimentology at delivered a number of CSPG Technical Talisman, principally working international Luncheon talks. projects. Here he completed multiple tours of field work in northern Iraq, and Over his career, Dr. Jeffrey Packard has in Indonesia. Following retirement, in been a teacher, carbonate specialist, response to his growing concern over the explorationist, consultant, and writer. adverse impacts of fossil fuel usage, he He has had the opportunity to work
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RESERVOIR ISSUE 01 • JANUARY 2015 27 GO TAKE A HIKE Old Fort Point, Jasper National Park, Alberta | By Mark D. Smith, Bill Arnott and Gerry Ross
Trailhead: Turn onto Hazel Avenue from either Connaught Drive (in Jasper) or Highway #16. Turn left approximately 0.2 km from Highway #16 and follow the road to the parking area at Old Fort Point. A number of trails begin in this area, but to hike the Old Fort’s loop #1, climb the steep wooden stairs and continue along the ridge to the lookout and then follow the signage to stay on the #1 trail. Distance: The Old Fort’s loop #1 trail is about 3.5 km long and takes 1-2 hours to complete. Elevation gain is about 130 m.
View of Old Fort Point from Highway #16
The Old Fort Point trail (Old Fort’s loop #1) is popular with both locals and tourists because of its close proximity to Jasper and the expansive 360°views of the townsite, valley and surrounding mountains. The most notable topographic feature in the valley is the exposed core of the Jasper Anticlinorium in the footwall of the Pyramid Thrust Fault (Charlesworth et al., 1967). Thrust faults, folding and metamorphism in the area are the result of the collision and accretion of allochthonous terranes against the margin of ancestral North America during the Cordilleran Orogeny. Precambrian-aged (Neoproterozoic) rocks of the Windermere Supergroup (WSG) crop out at this location, including the Old Fort Point Formation (OFP), which derives its name from the site (Charlesworth et al., 1967). The WSG is interpreted to have deposited in two phases: the first phase relatively synchronous with rifting during breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia followed by the second phase during thermal relaxation along a widespread continental margin. Regional correlations within the Precambrian are a challenge compared to younger rocks because of the lack of biostratigraphic control. The OFP is a distinctive litho- and chemostratigraphic marker in the post-rift, deep-marine siliciclastic Miette Group (and WSG) of the southern Canadian Cordillera. It is mappable over 35,000 km2 and helps constrain the WSG stratigraphic framework of across structurally deformed terranes (Smith et al., 2014a,b). At Old Fort Point (Left: OFP section), only part of the Whitehorn Mountain Member is exposed but not the two more regionally correlatable lower two members.
View from Old Fort Point lookout
28 RESERVOIR ISSUE 01 • JANUARY 2015 Roadcut outcrop of overturned beds of the Whitehorn Mountain Member consisting of siltstones and sandstones Different structural fabrics reflect differences in rheology in OFP deposited by turbidity currents and carbonate-clast breccias deposited by submarine mass-wasting and/or strata. Slaty cleavage in less competent mudstone-siltstones vs. debris flows. Breccia units have a lenticular geometry with observable thickness changes when hiking along the quartz-filled tension gashes in more competent sandstones. trail along the ridge of Old Fort Point. Arrow indicates upwards stratigraphic direction. Arrow indicates upwards stratigraphic direction.
Distinctive purple- and green-coloured fine-grained turbidites of the OFP that are common to both the Temple Lake and Whitehorn Mountain members in the Jasper and Lake Louise areas. The colour variation is the result of fluctuating bottom-water and/or shallow-substrate oxidation conditions during deposition from turbidity currents. Carbonate-clast breccia deposited in an interpreted submarine canyon. Carbonate clasts (up to 1 m long) are derived from the distinctive The Reservoir Committee welcomes contributions from our readership to this series. rhythmic limestone-siltstone turbidites of the Temple Lake Member (not If you wish to offer a submission to Go Take a Hike on your favourite hike of geological interest, exposed at Old Fort Point). email the Reservoir at [email protected] for more information.
REFERENCES Charlesworth, H.A.K., Weiner, J.L., Akehurst, A.J., Bielenstein, H.U., Evans, C.R., Griffiths, R.E., Remington, D.B., Stauffer, M.R. and Steiner, J. 1967. Precambrian Geology of the Jasper Region, Alberta, v.23 74 p. Smith, M.D., Arnott, R.W.C. and Ross, G.M. 2014a. The Old Fort Point Formation: Redefinition and formal subdivision of a distinctive stratigraphic marker in the Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup, southern Canadian Cordillera. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 62, p. 1-13. Smith, M.D., Arnott, R.W.C. and Ross, G.M. 2014b. Physical and geochemical controls on sedimentation along an ancient continental margin: The deep-marine Old Fort Point Formation (Ediacaran), southern Canadian Cordillera. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 62, p. 14-36. www.gemtrek.com. Jasper and Maligne Lake Hiking Guide and Map, Gem Trek Publishing.
RESERVOIR ISSUE 01 • JANUARY 2015 29 THE VALUE OF BOREHOLE IMAGE LOGS Part 1: Introduction to Borehole Image Logs and Why They Should be Run | By Amy Fox, Canadian Discovery Ltd., Kris Vickerman, HEF Petrophysical Consulting Inc.
INTRODUCTION Wellbore image logs have always been considered “specialty” logs. This three- part article series will address the reasons why that is the case as well as the reasons why it shouldn’t be. A good image log is an incredibly valuable piece of data that, in many cases should be considered just as critical as any “regular” log, perhaps even more so. Image logs shouldn’t gather (now electronic) dust in the geologist’s office, but should be used to better understand reservoirs and to complete wells in a way that maximizes the potential for production.
A BRIEF HISTORY OF IMAGE LOGS Wellbore image logs have been around for about 40 years, since Mobil first patented the BoreHole TeleViewer (BHTV), the first acoustic imaging tool. Prior to that time some downhole still and video cameras were used, which later evolved into modern-day optical imaging tools, but these were and are mainly used in water wells because they require clear fluid. In the late 1980s electrical image logs came on the scene via Schlumberger’s Formation MicroScanner (FMS). Over time all the major service companies have developed Figure 1: The top left image (A) is a block diagram of a 4-pad borehole image logging tool as it intersects inclined and improved upon acoustic and electrical bedding. Image B shows how those bedding planes would look in an unrolled (sinusoidal) image log and image C shows an interval from a real resistivity image log showing the typical light yellow to black colour palette image logging tools which now come under (corresponding to high and low resistivity, respectively). variety of names such as Schlumberger’s High Resolution Formation MicroImager Borehole Imagery (Thompson, 2009). Today, the wireline business in general is (FMI-HD), Weatherford’s EarthView, suffering somewhat from the preponderance Halliburton’s Water Based Mud Imaging Borehole image logging gained prominence of statistically drilled/completed wells, as (XRMI), Baker Hughes’ UltrasonicXplorer in the late 1990’s and early 2000’s following engineers tend to undervalue the information Imaging Service, and dozens more. The the development of deep structural gas in geologic data. Hopefully that tide is turning beginning of the 2000s saw the development plays in the Alberta and British Columbia as we find we are not getting the economic of the first electrical image logs capable of foothills, transitioning from dipmeters (single return we expected from this approach. running in nonconductive (oil-based) mud or dual electrodes per pad) and acoustic systems, Schlumberger’s OBMI and followed images to oil-based electrical images in the WHAT IS A BOREHOLE IMAGE LOG? soon thereafter by Baker Hughes’ EI and uphole sections with water-based images A borehole image log (excluding optical others. Further, LWD images using gamma- typically ran over reservoir intervals. In the images) is really a false-color image – that ray, density or resistivity measurements are Oil Sands, many hundreds of image logs is, it is a representation, in colour, of some now available. are acquired every year for stratigraphic property. In electrical imaging that property delineation, and that remains the most is electrical conductivity, and in acoustic Casual use of the term “FMI log” for a popular use of the technology in terms of imaging it is the amplitude and travel-time borehole image is analogous to asking for a number of logs run today. Other Western of an acoustic signal. Because these two tool “Kleenex” when one needs a facial tissue; Canadian reservoirs that are imaged include types measure such different properties, most people know what it means, but it’s some faulted and structured shale gas plays, they are not interchangeable. Each tool has not technically correct terminology. For structured Cardium liquids plays as well as advantages over the other depending on the more on the history and types of image logs, continued development in older fields like type of information one wants to get out of see AAPG Discovery Series No. 13 Atlas of Turner Valley. the data.
30 RESERVOIR ISSUE 01 • JANUARY 2015 When image logs are collected, tool and Other uses include determining porosity and NATURAL FRACTURES wellbore orientation data are also collected permeability, orienting core, locating sidewall Image logs are often acquired primarily to enable the image, and features in it, to be core, and calibrating seismically derived for measuring the abundance, nature and oriented properly. The images are displayed attributes for reservoir modeling. orientation of natural fractures, especially as “unwrapped” views of the wellbore in reservoirs with low matrix permeability. (Figure 1). For vertical or deviated wells, BEDDING, CROSS-BEDDING AND Fractures are differentiated into open or the image is usually displayed split on North, STRUCTURE healed (sealed with mineral cements), and and for highly deviated and horizontal wells, Image logs produce the finest measurement can also be classified by length, apparent the image is usually split at the high side or of wellbore bedding possible, showing both aperture and whether the features show top of the hole. Unfortunately, however, structural events (bedding drag into a fault, or fault offset. in Western Canada many historical images the exact nature of an angular unconformity), were submitted to the regulatory agencies stratigraphic events (cross-bedding, STRESS-INDUCED WELLBORE prior to any corrections or final orienting had truncations, the presence of conglomerates FAILURE been done on them (sometimes referred to and other larger clasts) as well as brecciation, Image logs also produce a clear image as Field Plots), which makes it very difficult to karsting, secondary porosity development of both borehole breakout and drilling interpret them. and many other geologic fabrics. (Continued on page 32...)
Figure 2 shows an example of an electrical and acoustic image over the same section of a well (in this case, from an oil-based mud system). The electrical image looks like stripes because the measurements are made by buttons on individual pads, with space between the pads where there’s no data. The acoustic image provides 360° of wellbore coverage because the data are collected by a spinning transducer. Both images are split on North, so North is on the edges, and south is in the middle of each image. Planar features that intersect the well, when unwrapped, appear as sinusoids (see Figure 1). In this case bedding (green sinusoids) is quite clear on the electrical image but harder to discern on the acoustic image, while fractures (pink) show up well in both images but better in the acoustic than the electrical.
USES OF IMAGE LOGS Image logs are like seismic data in that we are not seeing the actual rock, but rather we are seeing the physical response to some property the rock. In that respect, image Figure 2. Electrical (left) and acoustic amplitude (right) borehole images over the same section of well. logs are our only way of seeing features at the sub-seismic scale, over centimeters rather than meters (which is why seismic is not a substitute for image logs). Not only that, but image logs also allow us to see what is going on specifically in our well. It can help us answer questions like: Is it fractured enough to affect permeability? Is it faulted, and where? Are there zones to avoid placing the packers in? Are there depositional fabrics present? Can we predict sand channel geometries or other stratigraphic fairways?
Specifically, image logs are primarily analyzed for:
• Lithology and structure • Natural fractures • Stress-induced wellbore failure (Breakouts and drilling-induced Figure 3: Dynamically normalized (left) and statically normalized image (right) showing fine planar-tabular cross- fractures) bedding cut by frequent flat erosional surfaces.
RESERVOIR ISSUE 01 • JANUARY 2015 31 (...Continued from page 31) induced fractures. Analyzing these features (their shape, width and orientation), gives valuable insight into in situ stresses. Stress-induced features are the most important an unequivocal data source for input into modeling to determine the maximum horizontal stress, which cannot be accurately measured, calculated or estimated using any other approach (Barton et al., 1997).
WHY AREN’T IMAGE LOGS RUN MORE OFTEN? In addition to the engineering-oriented atmosphere of the oil and gas industry mentioned previously, the two main roadblocks to image data acquisition are costs and technical challenges.
COSTS Probably the number one reason why image logs aren’t run more often is that not running them is seen as a way to keep costs down. This approach baffles the authors and anyone else who understands how useful image logs can be (see previous section). Historically image logs were arguably a specialty log and were considerably more expensive than regular logs. They also often required a separate logging run and were more expensive should something go wrong and it had to be left in the ground. Today, as downhole tools become more Figure 4: In this image of a fractured horizontal well, the bedding is shown by the sub-vertical black features seen sophisticated and combined tool strings easiest in the static image on the right. The parallel, low-angle conductive (dark coloured) sinusoids are open fractures. The healed fractures are the inclined features that show differential colour shading above and below the allow for several tools to be run at once, sinusoid apexes typical of mineralized fractures. the situation is different.
To put this in perspective, consider that the average combined drilling and completions cost per stage in the Duvernay is over $1,350,000 (Well Completions & Frac Database). Drilling costs alone are, on average, going more than half a million dollars over AFE. Completions are doing the same. Whatever the reason – drilling problems, completion problems, unexpected issues during hydraulic fracturing – $1,350,000 is more than 10 times the ballpark cost of running an image log. If an image log could prevent any of the problems being encountered, it would easily pay for itself, never mind how it might improve production by better understanding the reservoir rock and natural fractures.
TECHNICAL CHALLENGES The utility of image logs faces challenges at every step from acquisition to interpretation. The original tools were made for vertical wells and, mainly, water- Figure 5: Drilling induced (tensile) fractures usually appear as a pair of vertical, inclined or curved en échelon conductive cracks as seen in the image on the left. In the image on the right breakouts appear as a pair of borehole- based mud. With the onset of highly parallel conductive blobs of varying width depending on drilling conditions and rock mechanical properties. Tensile inclined and horizontal wells, tools fractures can also be seen at the top of the right-hand image oriented roughly 90° to the wellbore breakouts.
32 RESERVOIR ISSUE 01 • JANUARY 2015 had to be modified to stay centered, Once depth correction is complete (and push of the button by an inexperienced to fit into narrow boreholes, as well as after confirming that the log depth is processor can lead to disaster. developing alternate means of recording consistent to other measurements such and communicating the data to the surface, as the main density log), the image IMAGE INTERPRETATION including wireline, through-mud LWD and measurement is corrected for bad Feature recognition software has come a memory logging options. Special electrical electrodes and for differences in calibration long ways from the first computer dipmeter imaging tools had to be developed to run or gain between pads. A pair of images are computations, but hand-interpretation of in oil-based mud, and thankfully we are generated, the first, a static image where bedding and fracture events is always going starting to see major improvements in the colours are assigned on a single colour to be superior to automatic computations second generation of these tools. Some palette over the whole image interval and given that most reservoirs show multiple more mundane considerations are that the second, a dynamic image where colours layers of features at the same depth (for there are minimum and maximum borehole are assigned based on a sliding window example, a cross-bedded, truncated sand radius limits for some tools, while others (usually 1-2 metres in length) to enhance with both natural and induced fractures at can’t handle high pressures and/or high image contrast. Finally, any misalignments the same depth). temperatures. between pads or between images logged in the same borehole should be corrected Typical interpretation pitfalls include an BOREHOLE IMAGE PROCESSING to make an ideal image for interpretation. over-reliance on potentially poor automatic Borehole image processing, like seismic or dips, copying and pasting bed dips (which sonic waveform processing is a speciality Image artifacts include physical artifacts can introduce false, stepped patterns of science unto itself, and can be done by (like bit marks or smearing from oil in bedding), and a lack of understanding which the logging service companies or via third- the mud filter cake), acquisition-related features are related to borehole failure, party processing or in-house processing artifacts (such wood-grain artifacts for which are noise and which are natural. The through a variety of commercially available off-centered acoustic images, dead buttons latter is especially important in horizontal software platforms. or pads from wear and tear, over-speed and deviated wells where the induced or pipe-break artifacts), and processing- fracture geometries become noticeably In addition to the raw resistivity (or other) related artifacts (including incorrectly less-planar and more similar to natural image measurements, tool orientation is corrected pulls, and pads displayed in features. measured with tri-axial accelerometer the wrong position around the borehole), and magnetometers, and the radial see Lofts, 1999 for an expanded list of Other interpretation frustrations result pad position is measured with calipers. potential image artifacts. simply from changes in interpreter These raw orientation measurements (perhaps through changes in logging service must first be properly calibrated (and Some of these artifacts can be fixed and company), which results in changes in the corrected when measurements fail or others obscure or prevent the primary definitions of what is and what is not a fail to compare favourably with driller’s measurement so it takes a great deal relevant feature. This can make comparing deviation surveys), and then depth (speed) training to see through the unavoidable the fracture intensity between wells imaged corrected to remove stick-and pull and ones and to recognize those that can be and interpreted by competing logging other misalignments resulting from the corrected. Because many of these artifacts companies very difficult, for example. image tool being momentarily stuck while, have similar appearances and quite widely Further, the particular orientation of a at the surface, depth measurements keep varying origins, caution must be taken given borehole can greatly affect which accumulating as the cable stretches. when processing borehole image data – a (Continued on page 34...)
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RESERVOIR ISSUE 01 • JANUARY 2015 33 (...Continued from page 33) the structural information that can be features are visible (vertical fractures are derived from image logs as well as the seldom intersected in a vertical well), so insight image logs can provide regarding bias from borehole orientation should be natural fracture populations. considered when making statements about feature populations. REFERENCES Barton, C., Moos, D., Peska, P, Zoback, CONCLUSION M.D., 1997, Utilizing wellbore image data Although image logs have been around to determine the complete stress tensor: CORPORATE for a long time, our current challenge application to permeability anisotropy and SUPPORTERS is in reminding industry of the value wellbore stability, The Log Analyst, November- CL Consultants in acquiring them. As we struggle to December 1997, p. 21–33. Exova Canada Inc understand what drives production in Enviro-Tech Surveys Ltd Pulse Seismic Inc resource plays and other unconventional Lofts, J.C., Bourke, L.T., 1999, The recognition Canada Brokerlink Inc. resources, image logs can provide a of artefacts (sic) from acoustic and resistivity Energy Navigator wealth of information regarding geology, borehole imaging devices, in Borehole Imaging: Serpa Petroleum Consulting Ltd. Belloy Petroleum Consulting structure, natural fractures and in situ Applications and Case Histories, Geological Sigma Explorations stress at scales more appropriate for Society, London, Special Publications, 159, Canadian Discovery Ltd. understanding individual wells than seismic p. 59–76 GeoSpace Technologies Canacol Energy Ltd. data. For those who currently rely on Explor images logs, the largest challenge is in Pöppelreiter, M., C. García-Carballido and Sproule International Limited getting those interpretations in a timely M.A. Kraaijveld (eds.), 2010, Dipmeter Target Data Ltd. Birchcliff Energy Ltd. fashion with enough consistency from well and Borehole Image Log Technology, Cabra Enterprises Ltd. to well to be able to influence drilling and American Association of Petroleum Geologists Cougar Consultants, Inc. completions decisions in real time. Memoir 92. Petrocraft Products Ltd. EDGE Technologies HEF Petrophysical Consulting Inc. For more about borehole image log Thompson, L.B., 2009, Atlas of Borehole SAExploration tools and data, as well as applications Imagery (2nd Edition), American Association of RIGSAT Communications Glacier Exploration Surveys and case studies, see AAPG Memoir 92 Petroleum Geologists Discovery Series No. 13. Matrix Solutions Inc. (Pöppelreiter et al., 2010). National Oilwell Varco Sensor Geophysical Ltd. AAPG - Canada region The next article in this series, Part 2: Cossack Land Services Ltd. Analysis of Structure and Fractures in Deloitte Petroleum Services Group Image Logs, will explore in greater detail EPI Group FMQ Southern Exploration GeoChemTech Inc. Geotir Hurry Hydrocarbons Matrix Geoservices Ltd. Maxam Seismic Explosives Osum Oil Sands Corp. Petrel Robertson Consulting Ltd. CRAIN’S LOG ANALYSIS COURSES Spectrum For Engineers, Geologists, Geophysicists, and Technologists Statcom Ltd. Sourcex Caracal Energy Inc. Bankers Petroleum Ltd. PRACTICAL QUANTITATIVE LOG ANALYSIS BJV Exploration Partnership Every April and October in Calgary SOCO International Details / Registration at www.spec2000.net/00-coursedates.htm 3e Royalties Bengal Energy Bounty Developments Ltd. Brasoil Corp. NARRATED MULTI-MEDIA SELF STUDY COURSES Bukit Energy Slide Shows, Reference Manuals, and Exercises Included Central European Petroleum Ltd DualEx Energy International AV-01 Practical Quantitative Log Analysis Franconia Geoscience AV-02 Advanced Quantitative Log Analysis Gran Tierra Energy Inc. AV-03 Analysis of Unconventional Reservoirs International Petroleum Consulting Jenner Geoconsulting Inc. Details / Order Online at: www.spec2000.net/00-av-training.htm Korean National Oil Company Single-User, Corporate, and Academic Licenses Available Long Reach Resources Ltd. Lorne LeClerc & Associates Individual Reference Manuals and Slide Shows Available Separately Madison Petrogas Ltd. Petroamerica Serinus Energy CRAIN’S PETROPHYSICAL HANDBOOK ONLINE Sherritt International Corporation Shareware Petrophysical Encyclopedia at www.spec2000.net Skyhawk Exploration 50+ Years Of Experience At Your Fingertips Tretio Exploration Ltd === Valeura Energy E. R. (Ross) Crain. P.Eng. AS OF DECEMBER 3, 2014 1-403-845-2527 [email protected] ======
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